Seasonal and pandemic strains. Medical search. Frequent questions

Scientists have identified a small family of lab-made proteins that neutralize a broad range of influenza A viruses, including the H5N1 avian virus, the 1918 pandemic influenza virus and seasonal H1N1 flu viruses. (science20.com)
CDC tested throat cultures sent from the base and found in four of the samples the virus believed at the time to be H1N1, the 1918-19 flu pandemic pathogen . (cdc.gov)
H1N1, or as it is more commonly known, swine flu, is a strain commonly found in pigs. (cdc.gov)
CDC scientists evaluated the possibility of a new H1N1 pandemic and presented the information to the U.S. Congress. (cdc.gov)
On 11 June 2009, a new strain of H1N1 influenza was declared to be a pandemic (Stage 6) by the WHO after evidence of spreading in the southern hemisphere. (wikipedia.org)
The 13 November 2009 worldwide update by the WHO stated that "[a]s of 8 November 2009, worldwide more than 206 countries and overseas territories or communities have reported [503,536] laboratory confirmed cases of pandemic influenza H1N1 2009, including over 6,250 deaths. (wikipedia.org)
Lessons learnt from the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 and the ongoing outbreaks of influenza H5N1 have been considered wherever appropriate. (who.int)
We used high-throughput B cell receptor sequencing of plasma cells produced following AS03-adjuvanted and non-adjuvanted 2009 pandemic H1N1 vaccination, as well as pre-pandemic seasonal influenza vaccination to elucidate the effect of the adjuvant on the humoral immune response. (nature.com)
The latest influenza pandemic arose in 2009, and was caused by a swine-origin H1N1 virus (pH1N1), and resulted in an estimated 300,000 deaths within the first 12 months 3 . (nature.com)
However, it may represent the start of more dramatic antigenic drift of the pandemic influenza A(H1N1) viruses that may require a vaccine update sooner than might have been expected," they wrote in the online publication Eurosurveillance. (khaleejtimes.com)
While H1N1 turned out not to be especially deadly, it spread globally within weeks and killed more children and young adults than an average strain does. (khaleejtimes.com)
WHO declared the pandemic over in August but H1N1 has now taken over as the main seasonal flu strain circulating almost everywhere but South Africa, where H3N2 and influenza B are more common. (khaleejtimes.com)
The current seasonal flu vaccine protects against H1N1, H3N2 and the B strain. (khaleejtimes.com)
The virus has changed little since it emerged in 2009, however, in this report we describe several genetically distinct changes in the pandemic H1N1 influenza virus," Barr's team wrote in the report. (khaleejtimes.com)
Already this variant virus has been associated with several vaccine breakthroughs in teenagers and adults vaccinated in 2010 with monovalent pandemic influenza vaccine (protecting against only H1N1) as well as a number of fatal cases from whom the variant virus was isolated," they wrote. (khaleejtimes.com)
The current H1N1 swine flu strain has genetic roots in an illness that sickened pigs at the 1918 Cedar Rapids Swine Show in Iowa, report experts. (sciencedaily.com)
The current H1N1 swine flu strain has genetic roots in an illness that sickened pigs at the 1918 Cedar Rapids Swine Show in Iowa, report infectious disease experts at the University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health in the New England Journal of Medicine . (sciencedaily.com)
The re-emerged 1977 H1N1 strain has continued to circulate among humans as seasonal flu for the past 32 years. (sciencedaily.com)
Although originally traced to Mexico, the exact physical origins of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic virus are unknown. (sciencedaily.com)
First of all, far more than 190 kids have died this year as a result of the H1N1 pandemic. (scienceblogs.com)
The current H1N1 pandemic has already killed 221 children in the US, and that's just the laboratory-confirmed cases that have been reported to the CDC. (scienceblogs.com)
Subtypes which have in the past caused pandemics include the influenza A H1N1, H2N2, H3N2 and H1N1pdm09 viruses, while the H3N2 and H1N1pdm09 viruses continue to cause epidemics as seasonal influenza viruses. (health.govt.nz)
U.S. health officials say almost 100% of the type A H1N1 strain showed resistance to the leading antiviral drug. (flutrackers.com)
Of samples tested since October, almost 100% of the strain -- known as type A H1N1 -- showed resistance to Tamiflu. (flutrackers.com)
Doctors were told to substitute an alternative antiviral, Relenza, for Tamiflu, or to combine Tamiflu with an older antiviral, rimantadine, if the H1N1 virus was the main strain circulating in their communities. (flutrackers.com)
On September 15, 2009, four influenza vaccine manufacturers received approval from the Food and Drug Administration for use of influenza A (H1N1) 2009 monovalent influenza vaccines in the prevention of influenza caused by the 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus. (cdc.gov)
each contains the strain A/California/7/2009(H1N1)pdm. (cdc.gov)
None of the approved influenza A 2009 (H1N1) monovalent vaccines or seasonal influenza vaccines contains adjuvants ( 1-- 5 ). (cdc.gov)
Three manufacturers that produce inactivated vaccines approved for prevention of seasonal influenza ( 6 ) also produce formulations of influenza A (H1N1) 2009 monovalent influenza vaccines. (cdc.gov)
Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 monovalent vaccine approvals were made on the basis of standards developed for vaccine strain changes for seasonal influenza vaccines, adherence to manufacturing processes, product quality testing, and lot release procedures developed for seasonal vaccines. (cdc.gov)
The age groups, precautions, and contraindications approved for the influenza A (H1N1) 2009 monovalent vaccine are identical to those approved for seasonal vaccines. (cdc.gov)
His laboratory was the first in the country to confirm H1N1 during the last pandemic in 2009. (flutrackers.com)
He said the H1N1 strain was identified within 24 hours and he said he is confident that if a new strain of flu appears in Nova Scotia, the right protocols are in place for a swift identification of the virus. (flutrackers.com)
This particular one works against H1 influenza viruses - the ones now circulating in the H1N1 flu that caused a pandemic in 2009 and that now is part of the seasonal flu mix. (nbcnews.com)
The subtype behind the 2009 'swine flu' pandemic is H1N1, which has the same version of neuraminidase as H5N1, but a different version of hemagglutinin. (scientificamerican.com)
Even so, it seems likely that this virus has a greater mortality rate than either ordinary seasonal flu or possibly the 1918 pandemic H1N1 strain . (scientificamerican.com)
Kawaoka and his team, whose work has been accepted by Nature, created a chimeric virus with the hemagglutinin protein from H5N1 and the genes from the 2009 pandemic strain of H1N1. (scientificamerican.com)
In tweets and other appearances, President Donald Trump has repeatedly compared his response to the new coronavirus with President Barack Obama's handling of the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic. (factcheck.org)
It's also not true that the Obama administration did nothing or waited a long time to act on the H1N1 influenza pandemic. (factcheck.org)
Oseltamivir resistance in seasonal influenza A/H1N1 strains rose markedly during the 2007-2008 season. (eurekaselect.com)
Furthermore, oseltamivir resistant (OsR) strains of pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009 (influenza A(H1N1)pdm09) have been increasingly isolated, although the majority remain sensitive. (eurekaselect.com)
As a result of the rapid, global spread of H1N1, the first pandemic of the 21st century was declared in June of 2009. (bcm.edu)
Although the 2009 H1N1 pandemic did not turn out to be as deadly as initially feared, the next pandemic flu virus could emerge at any time, and we must remain vigilant. (bcm.edu)
However, in addition to the COVID-19 pandemic, we've also experienced another pandemic relatively recently: the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic. (healthline.com)
Let's look at some of the similarities between the 2009 H1N1 influenza and COVID-19 pandemics. (healthline.com)
Pandemic vaccine contains only the virus strain that is responsible for the pandemic (e.g. the type A H1N1 for the 2009 to 2010 pandemic). (cochrane.org)
The most recent pandemic occurred in 2009, when a strain of H1N1 that became called " swine flu " spilled over from pig populations, hosts for several flu strains, to humans in North America. (asbmb.org)
While millions of doses of vaccine for H1N1 were manufactured by industry, purchased by the federal government and distributed free of cost, the vaccine doses took months to produce, ultimately arriving late in the pandemic . (asbmb.org)
The flu vaccines produced every year and approved for distribution by the Food and Drug Administration are designed to protect against two A strains (an H1N1 and an H3N2) and one B strain, with some quadrivalent formulations protecting against an additional B strain. (asbmb.org)
For example, the 2009 H1N1 flu pandemic disproportionately affected people ages 5 to 24, suggesting that older people had been exposed to a previous strain of flu that gave them lasting immunity, protecting them from the newer strain. (upmc.com)
In the ferret experiment, the scientists infected different groups of ferrets who had never had the flu with one of two different strains of influenza-seasonal H3N2 flu or the 2009 pandemic H1N1 flu-and waited three months to allow the immune system to calm down and develop a more mature immunity to whichever strain they were exposed to. (upmc.com)
Two of the drugs, dextromethorphan and ketotifen, displayed a 50% effective dose between 5 and 50 μM, not only for the classic H1N1 PR8 strain, but also for a pandemic H1N1 and a seasonal H3N2 strain. (frontiersin.org)
Dextromethorphan treatment of ferrets infected with a pandemic H1N1 strain led to a reduction in clinical disease severity, but no effect on viral titer was observed. (frontiersin.org)
Reference: "Reverse-zoonoses of 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza A viruses and evolution in United States swine results in viruses with zoonotic potential" by Alexey Markin, Giovana Ciacci Zanella, Zebulun W. Arendsee, Jianqiang Zhang, Karen M. Krueger, Phillip C. Gauger, Amy L. Vincent Baker and Tavis K. Anderson, 27 July 2023, PLOS Pathogens . (scitechdaily.com)
The swine flu scare of 1976 and the H1N1 human influenza pandemic of 1977. (thebulletin.org)
Human H1N1 influenza virus appeared with the 1918 global pandemic, and persisted, slowly accumulating small genetic changes, until 1957, when it appeared to go extinct after the H2N2 pandemic virus appeared. (thebulletin.org)
No swine H1N1 pandemic materialized, however, and complications of immunization truncated the program after 48 million immunizations, which eventually caused 25 deaths. (thebulletin.org)
The most famous case of a released laboratory strain is the re-emergent H1N1 influenza-A virus which was first observed in China in May of 1977 and in Russia shortly thereafter. (thebulletin.org)
The virus may have escaped from a lab attempting to prepare an attenuated H1N1 vaccine in response to the US swine flu pandemic alert. (thebulletin.org)
There has been virtually no public awareness of the 1977 H1N1 pandemic and its laboratory origins, despite the clear analogy to current concern about a potential H5N1 or H7N9 avian influenza pandemic and "gain of function" experiments. (thebulletin.org)
The majority of A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2) and influenza B viruses analysed at the Centre were found to be antigenically and genetically similar to the respective WHO recommended vaccine strains for the southern hemisphere in 2022. (bvsalud.org)
ABSTRACT A novel strain of influenza A virus H1N1 surfaced in Mexico in April 2009 and quickly spread across the globe, turning an epidemic into a pandemic. (who.int)
RÉSUMÉ Une nouvelle souche du virus de la grippe A H1N1 est apparue au Mexique en avril 2009 et s'est rapidement propagée au monde entier, transformant l'épidémie en pandémie. (who.int)

This is an elegant research finding that holds considerable promise for further development into a medical tool to treat and prevent seasonal as well as pandemic influenza," notes NIAID Director Anthony S. Fauci, M.D. "In the event of an influenza pandemic, human monoclonal antibodies could be an important adjunct to antiviral drugs to contain the outbreak until a vaccine becomes available. (science20.com)
Using standard methods of production, initial doses of a new influenza vaccine to fight pandemic influenza would be expected to take four to six months to produce. (science20.com)
First, the Fort Dix strain grew poorly in chicken eggs, producing less vaccine than anticipated. (cdc.gov)
New data were generated for pandemic vaccine capacity projections and identification of access barriers. (who.int)
A study led by St. Jude Children's Research Hospital scientists highlights a new approach for developing a universal influenza vaccine that could protect against multiple flu strains, including deadly pandemic strains. (stjude.org)
The result was a more diverse antibody response to the vaccination that expanded protection to include pandemic strains not targeted by the vaccine. (stjude.org)
Vaccination is the most effective strategy against flu, particularly the pandemic strains that emerge periodically, but efforts to develop a single, universal vaccine against all flu strains have been unsuccessful. (stjude.org)
More study is needed to tell whether the new strain is more likely to kill patients and whether the current vaccine can protect against it completely, said Ian Barr of the World Health Organisation Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza in Melbourne, Australia and colleagues. (khaleejtimes.com)
An intradermal vaccine equipped with an immune response-boosting adjuvant protected ferrets and humans against one of the more lethal strains of pandemic flu, researchers report. (eurekalert.org)
Here, seeking to create such an adjuvanted vaccine for use in pandemics, Darrick Carter et al. (eurekalert.org)
The work provides a future path for developing a vaccine-device combination for distribution by mail and self-administration in case of a pandemic, the authors say. (eurekalert.org)
Until UIV is achieved, the United States should take specific steps to embrace the modernization of seasonal influenza vaccine production, boost vaccine demand and confidence, and ensure close collaboration with partners in the global influenza system. (csis.org)
It is not likely that a vaccine will be available in the early stages of a pandemic. (bsu.edu)
Depends on the match of the strains in the vaccine with circulating strains, the age of the individual and whether they have any underlying medical conditions. (health.govt.nz)
Because of this ongoing antigenic drift, seasonal influenza virus vaccine formulations are reviewed by the WHO bi-annually. (health.govt.nz)
The seasonal influenza vaccine is designed to protect against the influenza viruses determined by the World Health Organization (WHO) to be the most likely to spread and cause illness among people during the influenza season. (health.mil)
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is straining health care resources, making the flu vaccine more important than ever. (health.mil)
Saint Louis University is among four federally-funded vaccine research centers studying an investigational universal influenza vaccine intended to protect against multiple strains of the virus. (slu.edu)
It tests an experimental vaccine for safety and its ability to produce potentially broad protective immune responses, both on its own and when followed by a standard, licensed seasonal influenza vaccine. (slu.edu)
However, if a particular influenza strain changes in an unanticipated way, or a different strain from that included in the vaccine spreads widely, the seasonal influenza vaccine may not be sufficiently protective. (slu.edu)
An ideal universal influenza vaccine would provide durable protection for all age groups against multiple influenza strains, including those that might cause a pandemic. (slu.edu)
This safety profile is consistent with results from studies of the seasonal influenza vaccine manufactured by CSL Limited ( 8 ). (cdc.gov)
Furthermore, the protection in adults who still carry the imprint from childhood may be subverted by the seasonal flu vaccine. (bmj.com)
SaneVax: If GSK has not bothered to study the long-term efficacy of their whooping cough vaccine, one can probably assume that no one has bothered to try and determine whether the 'outbreaks' of pertussis are being caused by vaccine-relevant strains of bacteria or new strains emerging because of the suppression of the original bacteria. (sanevax.org)
By: Rebecca Smith, Telegraph 30 September 2010 All pregnant women are to be offered the seasonal flu vaccine for the first time this winter as they were one of the groups hardest hit by the swine flu pandemic. (sanevax.org)
The flu vaccine is one of our best defenses against seasonal flu , yet under 50% of adults and just over 60% of children get the annual vaccination . (nationalinterest.org)
This has provided hope for the design of a universal vaccine able to prime against diverse influenza virus strains and subtypes. (mdpi.com)
The virus strains contained in the vaccine are usually those that are expected to circulate in the following epidemic seasons (two type A and one or two B strains), which are recommended by the World Health Organization (seasonal vaccine). (cochrane.org)
SUMMIT, N.J. , March 25, 2021 /PRNewswire/ -- Seqirus, a global leader in influenza prevention, today announced the publication of new real-world evidence (RWE) on the company's cell-based quadrivalent seasonal influenza vaccine (QIVc) in peer-reviewed medical journal Vaccines . (prnewswire.com)
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends everyone six months and older without contraindications receive an annual influenza vaccine as the best way to prevent seasonal influenza. (prnewswire.com)
7 There are several factors that can impact seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness, which may include mismatch between circulating strains and the influenza strains contained within the seasonal influenza vaccine. (prnewswire.com)
7 This may lead to a mismatch between the circulating strains and the inactivated influenza strains contained within the seasonal influenza vaccine. (prnewswire.com)
Cell-based influenza vaccines like QIVc are designed to help avoid egg-adapted changes and may result in vaccine virus strains that are more closely matched to those selected by the World Health Organization. (prnewswire.com)
This vaccine, which is capable of neutralizing diverse strains of influenza, was evaluated in a phase I clinical study whose results were published in Nature Medicine on December 7. (scienceboard.net)
In a pandemic setting, vaccine matching and development could take up to six months, during which time the population is vulnerable. (scienceboard.net)
Our chimeric HA vaccine, by contrast, is directed at the proximal part of the HA protein -- the stalk domain -- which has been shown to broadly neutralize diverse influenza virus strains in both animal models and humans. (scienceboard.net)
An influenza virus vaccine that results in broad immunity would likely protect against any emerging influenza virus subtype or strain and would significantly enhance our pandemic preparedness, avoiding future problems with influenza pandemics as we see them now with COVID-19," said author Florian Krammer, PhD, professor of microbiology at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, in a statement. (scienceboard.net)
Our chimeric hemagglutinin vaccine is a major advance over conventional vaccines which are often mismatched to the circulating strains of virus, impacting their effectiveness. (scienceboard.net)
In what an epidemiologist would consider a perfect flu season, the strains that the current influenza vaccine protects against would match perfectly those strains in circulation. (asbmb.org)
But when a pandemic strain emerges or one of the circulating strains mutates, the vaccine does little to protect the infected. (asbmb.org)
This happened last flu season, when the targeted H3N2 strain mutated beyond the protective abilities of the vaccine. (asbmb.org)
If a flu vaccine worked against every potential strain of the virus, however, the 2009 pandemic and last season might have played out differently. (asbmb.org)
Consequently the seasonal trivalent influenza vaccine contains an influenza B virus component. (virology.ws)
The vaccine, known as BPL-1357, was developed by experts at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) and contains four strains of non-infectious, chemically inactivated avian influenza, thought to be not highly pathogenic. (smithsonianmag.com)
Researchers found that the shot protected small mammals from lethal doses of six different flu strains, showing the promise of a universal vaccine against the flu. (smithsonianmag.com)
The high genetic variability of influenza A viruses poses a continual challenge to seasonal and pandemic vaccine development, leaving antiviral drugs as the first line of defense against antigenically different strains or new subtypes. (frontiersin.org)
Even though the production of influenza vaccines is well established, and the regulatory process allows for rapid strain update or exchange, it takes 4-6 months until a vaccine against a newly emerging subtype is available in sufficient quantities ( 2 , 9 ). (frontiersin.org)
Effective allocation and administration of pandemic influenza vaccine will play a critical role in preventing influenza and reducing its effects on health and society during a future pandemic. (cdc.gov)
The U.S. government's goal is to have sufficient pandemic influenza vaccine available for an effective domestic response within four months of a pandemic declaration. (cdc.gov)
Pre-pandemic influenza vaccine stockpiles of bulk vaccine against viruses with pandemic potential are also being established and maintained. (cdc.gov)
Stockpiled pandemic vaccine availability will depend on the degree to which they match the circulating pandemic strain and other properties, and manufacturing capacity. (cdc.gov)
Given that influenza vaccine supply will increase incrementally as vaccine is produced during a pandemic, targeting decisions may have to be made. (cdc.gov)
Such decisions should be based on vaccine supply, pandemic severity and impact, potential for disruption of community critical infrastructure, operational considerations, and publicly articulated pandemic vaccination program objectives and principles. (cdc.gov)
The overarching objectives guiding vaccine allocation and use during a pandemic are to reduce the impact of the pandemic on health and minimize disruption to society and the economy. (cdc.gov)
These guidelines replace the 2008 Guidance on Allocating and Targeting Pandemic Influenza Vaccine . (cdc.gov)
To assist state and local health departments in planning for targeting vaccine during an influenza pandemic, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has developed the following checklist. (cdc.gov)
The items in the checklist are based on the 2018 Interim Updated Planning Guidance on Allocating and Targeting Pandemic Influenza Vaccine During an Influenza Pandemic, and include specific activities public health emergency planners and immunization programs can do to prepare for targeted pandemic influenza vaccination. (cdc.gov)
Since pandemic and zoonotic influenza viruses have emerged in the last 20 years and some of the viruses have resulted in high mortality in humans, a universal influenza vaccine is needed to provide comprehensive protection against a wide range of influenza viruses. (cdc.gov)
The Ad-based vaccine platform represents an attractive strategy as it induces robust humoral and cell-mediated immune responses and can meet the global demand in a pandemic situation. (cdc.gov)
Her projects focus on studies of influenza antiviral treatment and antiviral effectiveness, vaccine effectiveness, pandemic preparedness, and development of CDC clinical guidance related to treatment and prevention of seasonal and novel influenza viruses. (cdc.gov)
[ 3 , 4 ] A total of 31,989 participants were randomly assigned to receive either a high dose (IIV3-HD) (60 μg of hemagglutinin per strain) or a standard dose (IIV3-SD) (15 μg of hemagglutinin per strain) of a trivalent, inactivated influenza vaccine. (medscape.com)
Real-world VE studies can also answer questions about vaccine effectiveness by age-group and risk factors, on duration of vaccine protection, protection against transmission and against new strains or serotypes, as well as the relative effectiveness of different vaccines, number of doses and their timings. (who.int)
The network aims to provide key information to support COVID-19 pandemic response but also to establish a sustainable platform to monitor vaccine effectiveness for COVID-19, other known or emerging respiratory viruses including seasonal and pandemic influenza and RSV. (who.int)

They scanned tens of billions of monoclonal antibodies produced in bacterial viruses, or bacteriophages, and found 10 antibodies active against the four major strains of H5N1 avian influenza viruses. (science20.com)
Encouraged by these findings, they collaborated with Ruben O. Donis, Ph.D., of the CDC Influenza Division, and found that three of these monoclonal antibodies had broader neutralization capabilities when tested in cell cultures and in mice against representative strains of other known influenza A viruses. (science20.com)
Their monoclonal antibodies neutralized all testable viruses containing the 10 Group 1 HAs-which include the seasonal H1 viruses, the H1 virus that caused the 1918 pandemic and the highly pathogenic avian H5 subtypes-but none of the viruses containing the six Group 2 HAs. (science20.com)
Check out this Emerging Infectious Diseases issue exploring influenza A viruses through art and art that arose from great pandemics of the virus . (cdc.gov)
Influenza A viruses can occasionally be transmitted from wild birds to other species, causing outbreaks in domestic poultry, and may give rise to human influenza pandemics. (wikipedia.org)
Influenza - particularly pandemic strains that emerge periodically as flu viruses mix and form novel strains - remains a global health threat. (stjude.org)
While seasonal outbreaks are associated with mutation of the haemagglutinin (HA) protein on the viral surface to escape neutralization by antibodies generated in previous exposures, pandemics result from the introduction of completely new viruses into populations, where there is little pre-existing immunity to that virus 2 . (nature.com)
‌Influenza A viruses cause seasonal outbreaks of respiratory illness that are often severe. (gla.ac.uk)
This trait has been postulated to be a feature of wild-type viruses, while laboratory strains more commonly form virions described as being spherical. (gla.ac.uk)
i The costs of pandemics and novel viruses are even more staggering. (csis.org)
Seasonal influenza is defined as predictable outbreaks of respiratory disease caused by various influenza viruses that spread from person to person. (csis.org)
Influenza viruses mutate constantly, resulting in the emergence of viruses that may not always match those targeted by seasonal and pre-pandemic influenza vaccines. (slu.edu)
Seasonal influenza is an acute respiratory infection caused by influenza viruses, which circulate in all parts of the world and can affect people in any age group. (who.int)
It does not affect other flu strains, such as the H3N2 flu and influenza B viruses that also circulate. (nbcnews.com)
Wild H5N1 viruses cannot latch on tothe cells in a person's nose and throat, but the mutant strains created by Fouchier and Kawaoka can spread between ferrets, which are viewed as a good animal model of flu transmission between humans. (scientificamerican.com)
The genome of the airborne strain differed from the original one by just five mutations, which have all been spotted individually in wild viruses. (scientificamerican.com)
Kawaoka notes that H5N1 viruses already circulate in nature, mutate constantly and could cause pandemics. (scientificamerican.com)
Within the influenza division, we have a branch, and it's focused on surveillance for all influenza viruses, and that includes both human seasonal strains, as well as influenza viruses that circulate in animal hosts. (cdc.gov)
And I'm the team lead of a laboratory that focuses only on the zoonotic influenza viruses, or those strains that are typically found only in animals, but occasionally can infect humans. (cdc.gov)
There are four classes of influenza viruses (A-D), with influenza A and B causing most seasonal epidemics. (scienceboard.net)
Influenza B viruses cause the same spectrum of disease as influenza A. However, influenza B viruses do not cause pandemics. (virology.ws)
Influenza vaccines that can provide long-lasting protection against a wide range of seasonal influenza viruses, as well as those with pandemic potential, would be invaluable public health tools," says NIAID director Anthony S. Fauci in a statement. (smithsonianmag.com)
PITTSBURGH - A child's first influenza infection shapes their immunity to future airborne flu viruses-including emerging pandemic strains. (upmc.com)
The public health danger from the escape, from laboratories, of viruses capable of causing pandemics has become the subject of considerable, well-merited discussion, spurred by "gain of function" experiments. (thebulletin.org)
Selected viruses were propagated in qualified cells or embryonated hen's eggs for potential use in seasonal influenza virus vaccines. (bvsalud.org)
The unprecedented breadth and potency of the FNI9 monoclonal antibody supports its development for the prevention of influenza illness by seasonal and pandemic viruses. (bvsalud.org)
However, the increase in the human population, deforestation and climate change, and the rise in worldwide travel have favored the emergence of new viruses with the potential to cause pandemics. (cdc.gov)
In addition to the seasonal influenza viruses, the emergence and spread of avian influenza pandemic viruses such as H5N1, H7N9, H7N7, and H9N2 to humans have highlighted the urgent need to adopt a new global preparedness for an influenza pandemic. (cdc.gov)
It is vital to explore new strategies for the development of effective vaccines for pandemic and seasonal influenza viruses. (cdc.gov)
However, certain viruses can affect a university more fundamentally, something that the Covid-19 pandemic of recent years - with staff working from home, the rapid transition to online teaching and cancelled doctoral conferment ceremonies - has taught us. (lu.se)

c) increasing access, affordability and effective deployment of vaccines, antiviral agents, diagnostics and other materials for pandemic preparedness and response. (who.int)
But existing vaccines protect against just the dominant seasonal flu strain and not emerging flu strains. (stjude.org)
Influenza pandemics require rapid deployment of effective vaccines for control. (nature.com)
The capacity to rapidly develop and manufacture effective vaccines in large quantities is key in combating influenza pandemics. (nature.com)
used phage display libraries, and surface plasmon resonance to determine binding locations, and affinity of the antibodies produced in response to both adjuvanted and non-adjuvanted pandemic influenza vaccines 12 , 13 . (nature.com)
Rapid production and distribution of vaccines during a pandemic flu outbreak represents a critical global health challenge. (eurekalert.org)
Exacerbating matters, vaccines against flu strains with pandemic potential generally yield poor antibody responses compared to vaccines against seasonal flu strains. (eurekalert.org)
Vaccines have been developed for known flu strains and in the U.S. have been available during the annual flu season. (bsu.edu)
Seasonal influenza vaccines are made anew each year to match the strains predicted to circulate in the upcoming season. (slu.edu)
Preliminary data indicate that the immunogenicity and safety of these vaccines are similar to those of seasonal influenza vaccines. (cdc.gov)
In studies of other seasonal inactivated influenza vaccines, rates of adverse events were not significantly different from placebo injections except for arm soreness and redness at the injection site ( 9 ). (cdc.gov)
Immunogenicity and safety study results similar to those observed for seasonal vaccines also have been reported by the other manufacturers (MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD and Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Limited, Liverpool, UK, unpublished data, 2009). (cdc.gov)
We discuss the different vectored vaccines that have been or are currently in clinical trials, with a forward-looking focus on immunogens that may be protective against seasonal and pandemic influenza infection, in the context of viral-vectored vaccines. (mdpi.com)
The hope offered by vaccines has been tempered by concern over new viral strains and a growing awareness that COVID-19 will stay with us, like the seasonal flu. (christianitytoday.com)
In the US seasonal influenza vaccines are now recommend every year for the entire population (excepting infants before 6 months of age). (bmj.com)
One of the imponderables is the effect of seasonal influenza vaccines on population immunity. (bmj.com)
Next-generation vaccines that utilize T cells could potentially overcome the limitations of current influenza vaccines that rely on antibodies to provide narrow subtype-specific protection and are prone to antigenic mismatch with circulating strains. (mdpi.com)
When developing influenza vaccines, researchers are forced to predict the genetic makeup of the virus some months in advance, and mismatches occur relatively frequently as strains become antigenically diverse. (scienceboard.net)
This makes it more difficult to match strains to vaccines. (scienceboard.net)
Most current influenza vaccines target the immunodominant head domain of the viral HA and therefore antibodies produced by these vaccines are strain specific. (scienceboard.net)
This genetic change, or shift, in the virus results in immunity to only specific strains of the influenza virus, requiring frequent re-formulation and re-administration of seasonal vaccines. (scienceboard.net)
The researchers found that most human-to-swine transmission events were isolated, but a few led to the sustained circulation of different pdm09 genetic lineages among swine in the U.S. These swine-circulating variants appeared to be genetically poor matches for human seasonal vaccines, suggesting that the vaccines would have provided scant protection against them. (scitechdaily.com)
Currently, the Attending Physician's office has a limited supply of seasonal flu vaccines because it has received only a portion of its requested number of shots, the spokesman said. (rollcall.com)
Objective.In the context of the global COVID-19 pandemic, COVID-19 vaccines were made available to different countries. (bvsalud.org)
Current seasonal influenza vaccines provide strain-specific protection and are less effective against mismatched strains. (cdc.gov)
The ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic is a cruel reminder of the impact of novel pathogens and the suboptimal capabilities of conventional vaccines. (cdc.gov)
The currently licensed seasonal influenza vaccines primarily confer excellent strain-specific protection. (cdc.gov)
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the rapid development and introduction of new vaccines to reduce burden of disease and mitigate epidemic impacts. (who.int)

Investigators showed the new strategy protected mice - vaccinated against the H3N2 influenza A flu strain, which causes mild disease - from succumbing to the more dangerous H5N1 and H7N9 strains weeks later. (stjude.org)
Less severe symptoms were seen for those infected with PCR-confirmed 2009 pandemic strain compared with seasonal influenza H3N2. (clinicaladvisor.com)
FNI9 broadly neutralizes seasonal IAVs and IBVs, including the immune-evading H3N2 strains bearing an N-glycan at position 245, and shows synergistic activity when combined with anti-haemagglutinin stem-directed antibodies. (bvsalud.org)
since 1968, most seasonal influenza epidemics have been caused by H3N2 (an influenza A virus). (msdmanuals.com)

Of more immediate concern, experts warn that if Americans do not practice appropriate prevention measures such as seeking influenza vaccination, washing their hands, social distancing, and wearing a mask, circulating seasonal influenza and Covid-19 will exacerbate one another, adding further strain to an already overburdened health system. (csis.org)

One strain of virus that may produce a pandemic in the future is a highly pathogenic variation of the H5N1 subtype of influenza A virus. (wikipedia.org)
The influenza A H5N1 avian pandemic strain has a mortality rate of nearly 60 percent. (stjude.org)
Research describing two mutant strains of H5N1 avian influenza that spread between mammals is likely to be published in its entirety. (scientificamerican.com)
Two teams of scientists, led by Ron Fouchier of Erasmus Medical Center in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, and Yoshihiro Kawaoka of the University of Wisconsin-Madison, have created mutant strains of H5N1 avian influenza. (scientificamerican.com)
One particular strain of H5N1, called highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), is responsible for the 'bird flu' scares. (scientificamerican.com)
So far, H5N1 has failed to spark a pandemic because it cannot effectively spread between people. (scientificamerican.com)
About a decade ago, scientists and public health officials feared that we might be on the brink of a pandemic caused by the so-called avian or bird H5N1 flu that began circulating among poultry, ducks, and geese in Asia and spread to Europe and Africa. (bcm.edu)
Over the last 20 years, there have been regular introductions of H5N1 strains and occasional cases of H7N1 and H9N2 infections, mostly associated with outbreaks in poultry ( 6 , 7 ). (frontiersin.org)

Flu spreads around the world in seasonal epidemics. (wikipedia.org)
Often, these new strains result from the spread of an existing flu virus to humans from other animal species, so close proximity between humans and animals can promote epidemics. (wikipedia.org)
Importantly, new strains frequently emerge to cause pandemics - worldwide epidemics in which many hundreds of millions become infected. (gla.ac.uk)
In temperate climates, seasonal epidemics occur mainly during winter, while in tropical regions, influenza may occur throughout the year, causing outbreaks more irregularly. (who.int)
Influenza tends to spread rapidly in seasonal epidemics. (who.int)
Influenza epidemics can take an economic toll through lost workforce productivity and strained health services. (who.int)
Influenza, one of the most common infectious diseases, is a highly contagious airborne disease that occurs in seasonal epidemics and manifests as an acute febrile illness with variable degrees of systemic symptoms, ranging from mild fatigue to respiratory failure and death. (medscape.com)
This phenomenon is seen in the populations affected by previous flu epidemics and pandemics. (upmc.com)
Annual epidemics represent an important disease burden and cause an estimated 250,000-500,000 deaths worldwide, and occasional pandemics are associated with increased morbidity and mortality ( 1 , 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
Thus, antiviral drugs are an essential component of pandemic response scenarios and play an important role in reducing disease severity during seasonal influenza epidemics. (frontiersin.org)
These new strains may cause seasonal epidemics because protection by antibody generated to the previous strain is decreased. (msdmanuals.com)
Influenza causes widespread sporadic illness yearly during fall and winter in temperate climates (seasonal epidemics). (msdmanuals.com)

and (5) building greater trust with countries that are key to global pandemic preparedness. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
work should be published in full to aid pandemic preparedness or redacted to prevent misuse by terrorists. (scientificamerican.com)

Influenza vaccination remains a critical public health tool during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, helping to not only reduce the risk of seasonal influenza but also decrease the burden of influenza on healthcare resources. (prnewswire.com)

Over 100 years ago, the 1918 influenza pandemic killed 675,000 Americans. (csis.org)
For example, the 1918 influenza pandemic killed at least 50 million people worldwide. (slu.edu)

Interest in vaccinations appears to be high this year, not just because of last year's shortages, but also because a serious strain of avian flu has recently spread from Asia to Europe, the spokesman said, attracting significant media attention for its potential to create a global pandemic. (rollcall.com)

Influenza pandemics occur when a new strain of the influenza virus is transmitted to humans from another animal species. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] The World Health Organization (WHO) has produced a six-stage classification that describes the process by which a novel influenza virus moves from the first few infections in humans through to a pandemic. (wikipedia.org)
Three influenza pandemics occurred during the 20th century and killed tens of millions of people, with each of these pandemics being caused by the appearance of a new strain of the virus in humans. (wikipedia.org)
At the same time the 1918 flu pandemic was rapidly spreading among humans, pigs were hit with a respiratory illness that closely resembled symptoms seen in people," said senior author Donald S. Burke, M.D., dean, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health. (sciencedaily.com)
New influenza A virus subtypes emerge periodically that have caused pandemics in humans. (health.govt.nz)
Influenza pandemics occur when a novel influenza strain for which people have little to no protection begins to spread among humans and presents a greater public health threat than seasonal influenza. (slu.edu)
This property may be a consequence of the limited host range of the virus - humans and seals - which limits the generation of new strains by reassortment. (virology.ws)
If BPL-1357 is found to protect humans from various influenza strains, it may protect individuals from the seasonal flu as well as future emerging strains transmitted from animals, Gizmodo reports. (smithsonianmag.com)
The pdm09 strain of influenza A has jumped from humans to swine approximately 370 times since 2009, leading to the evolution of variants that have then crossed back to humans. (scitechdaily.com)
In a pandemic, a novel virus has not circulated in humans, and it is assumed that the majority of the population may not have immunity to the virus, causing more people to become ill. (cdc.gov)
The ostensible goal of these experiments- in which researchers manipulate already-dangerous pathogens to create or increase communicability among humans-is to develop tools to monitor the natural emergence of pandemic strains. (thebulletin.org)

These novel strains are unaffected by any immunity people may have to older strains of human influenza and can therefore spread extremely rapidly and infect very large numbers of people. (wikipedia.org)
Because of previous exposure, people usually have some immunity to seasonal flu. (bsu.edu)
Because the current strain shares common ancestry with older flu strains, it is possible that portions of the population may have partial immunity to the new pandemic virus. (sciencedaily.com)
Instead, scientists hope it becomes a mild seasonal bug as human immunity strengthens through vaccination and repeated infection. (kron4.com)
The consequences of escape of a highly lethal avian virus with enhanced transmissibility would almost certainly be much graver than the 1977 escape of a "seasonal," possibly attenuated strain to a population with substantial existing immunity. (thebulletin.org)

The influenza A subtypes are further classified into strains, and the names of the virus strains include the place where the strain was first found and the year of discovery. (bcm.edu)

For pandemic influenza vaccination, this suggests that the adjuvant could improve B cell responses by either increasing activation of naïve B cells, or by increasing the activation and adaptation of pre-existing memory B cells generated through infection or immunization with seasonal influenza from earlier years to become specific towards the pandemic strain 11 . (nature.com)
What isn't meaningless is that there are hundreds of dead kids that wouldn't have been dead if this pandemic hadn't happened, and whose deaths might have been prevented by aggressive vaccination programs. (scienceblogs.com)
The overarching aim of the national pandemic influenza vaccination program is to vaccinate all persons in the United States (U.S.) who choose to be vaccinated, prior to the peak of disease. (cdc.gov)
Recognizing that demand may exceed supply at the onset of a pandemic, federal, state, tribal, and local governments, communities, and the private sector have asked for updated planning guidance on who should receive vaccination early in a pandemic. (cdc.gov)
Several new elements have been incorporated into the 2018 guidelines to update and provide interim guidance for planning purposes, and to provide the rationale for a new vaccination program during a pandemic allowing for local adjustment where appropriate. (cdc.gov)
Pandemics can result from antigenic shift because antibodies against other strains (resulting from vaccination or natural infection) provide little or no protection against the new strain. (msdmanuals.com)

Learn how deadly strains of the virus arise external icon . (cdc.gov)
An influenza pandemic is an epidemic of an influenza virus that spreads across a large region (either multiple continents or worldwide) and infects a large proportion of the population. (wikipedia.org)
This starts with the virus mostly infecting animals, with a few cases where animals infect people, then moves through the stage where the virus begins to spread directly between people, and ends with a pandemic when infections from the new virus have spread worldwide. (wikipedia.org)
In addition, epidemiological factors, such as the WWI practice of packing soldiers with severe influenza illness into field hospitals while soldiers with mild illness stayed outside on the battlefield, are an important determinant of whether or not a new strain of influenza virus will spur a pandemic. (wikipedia.org)
They target and bind tightly to strain-specific regions of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) proteins on the virus. (stjude.org)
Influenza virus causes seasonal outbreaks of clinical influenza, and has been responsible for four pandemics over the last 100 years 1 . (nature.com)
In the midst of a historic coronavirus pandemic, it may be difficult to believe that another virus could pose a threat to the public health and economic security of the American people. (csis.org)
A pandemic virus occurs when an antigenic shift takes place in the virus. (bsu.edu)
Early experiments confirmed that this 1918 swine virus and a human strain emerged about the same time. (sciencedaily.com)
Since then, this ancestor virus has re-assorted genetically with other influenza strains at least four times, leading to the emergence of the new 2009 strain, which has retained some similarities to the original virus. (sciencedaily.com)
Given the genetic similarity of these strains, re-emergence was likely due to an accidental release during laboratory studies of the 1950 strain that had been preserved as a 'freezer' virus, they said. (sciencedaily.com)
This 'antigenic drift' leads to the emergence of new antigenic variants or virus strains. (health.govt.nz)
Historians think the pandemic started in Kansas in early 1918, and by winter 1919 the virus had infected a third of the global population and killed at least 50 million people, including 675,000 Americans. (kron4.com)
These laboratory strains could be passed between mammals more easily than wild strains of the virus. (scientificamerican.com)
Fouchier later added, however, that his mutant virus "does not spread yet like a pandemic or seasonal flu virus" and that the ferrets did not die when infected through aerosol transmission. (scientificamerican.com)
Every few decades or so, a new version of the influenza virus emerges in the human population that causes a serious global outbreak of disease called a pandemic . (bcm.edu)
To date, the avian flu virus has not acquired to ability to spread easily from person to person - a necessary step in order for a virus to cause a pandemic. (bcm.edu)
But they couldn't use any of their other detection methods to subtype the virus, so it looked like it wasn't a typical seasonal strain. (cdc.gov)
This has been shown in at least two studies that have received little attention from public health authorities: A prospective case-control study in healthy young Australian children found that seasonal flu shots doubled their risk of illness from noninfluenza virus infections (unadjusted OR 2.13, CI 1.20-3.79). (bmj.com)
7 Egg-based manufacturing requires a growth-inducing strain to ensure the influenza virus can grow successfully in eggs, which can cause the strain to mutate and result in an influenza virus that can be different from the intended strain. (prnewswire.com)
I showed that the influenza C virus genome consists of 7 RNA segments, and demonstrated reassortment among different influenza C virus strains. (virology.ws)
We have long ignored that not every strain of a virus is going to transmit through a population in the same way. (upmc.com)
Although the timing and severity of a future pandemic and characteristics of the next pandemic influenza virus strain are not known, it is important to plan and prepare. (cdc.gov)
Learn how deadly strains of the virus arise # . (cdc.gov)

During the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic, this practice served to promote the evolution of more virulent viral strains over those that produced mild illness. (wikipedia.org)
By Kounteya Sinha, TNN PORT BLAIR: A mutant strain of Hepatitis B - a viral infection that causes chronic liver failure, and is 50 to 100 times more infectious than HIV - has been isolated from the ancient and dwindling Nicobarese tribe of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. (sanevax.org)
The strains change every year because influenza is highly prone to mutations caused by errors during viral replications. (asbmb.org)
Antigenic drift refers to relatively minor, progressive mutations in preexisting combinations of H and NA antigens, resulting in the frequent emergence of new viral strains. (msdmanuals.com)

Species that are thought to be important in the emergence of new human strains are pigs, chickens and ducks. (wikipedia.org)

These OsR strains retain virulence, replicative fitness and transmissibility from person to person, with outbreaks reported. (eurekaselect.com)

What Can the United States Do to Prevent Another Pandemic? (csis.org)

Everything that's known about the new coronavirus so far suggests that it's an entirely different beast than its most recent pandemic predecessor. (factcheck.org)

Because large quantities of monoclonal antibodies can be made relatively quickly, after more testing, these influenza-specific monoclonal antibodies potentially could be used in combination with antiviral drugs to prevent or treat the flu during an influenza outbreak or pandemic. (science20.com)
The findings highlight a novel way to generate antibodies that recognize and target proteins shared by most influenza A strains rather than those unique to each strain. (stjude.org)
Instead of trying to enhance a highly specific, targeted immune response, our results show that a more diverse, less focused response provides a broader repertoire of antibodies that target different flu strains. (stjude.org)
Inhibiting mTOR disrupted generation of the antibodies that target specific regions of the HA proteins that are unique to each flu strain. (stjude.org)
This led us to the B-cell response and evidence that the cross-reactive antibodies provide crucial protection against different flu strains," said first author Rachael Keating, Ph.D., a St. Jude scientist. (stjude.org)

The 1957 pandemic killed about 2 million people and the last pandemic, in 1968, killed 1 million. (khaleejtimes.com)

Current flu vaccinations cover multiple strains but must be updated yearly and only provide modest protection against the flu due to the influenza virus's ability to rapidly evolve, Gizmodo reports. (smithsonianmag.com)

Seasonal influenza causes illnesses that range in severity and sometimes lead to hospitalization and death. (who.int)
Hayward and colleagues compared the community burden and severity of seasonal and pandemic influenza across different age groups and study years. (clinicaladvisor.com)

Pandemics are associated with widespread illness - and sometimes death - even in otherwise healthy people. (bcm.edu)
In both pandemics, certain groups were at an increased risk for severe illness. (healthline.com)
Rates of severe illness, complications, and death may be much higher than seasonal flu and more widely distributed. (cdc.gov)
Specifically, the targeting strategy aims to protect those who will: maintain homeland and national security, are essential to the pandemic response and provide care for persons who are ill, maintain essential community services, be at greater risk of infection due to their job, and those who are most medically vulnerable to severe illness such as young children and pregnant women. (cdc.gov)

In 2009 and 2010, a pandemic caused by pdm09 resulted in thousands of human deaths around the world. (scitechdaily.com)

This could greatly alleviate crowds in health care centers in the event of a pandemic outbreak. (eurekalert.org)
Will the Largest Bird Flu Outbreak in History Lead to a Human Pandemic? (scitechdaily.com)

The specter of a reprise of the deadly 1918 pandemic triggered an unprecedented effort to immunize all Americans. (thebulletin.org)

Now, health officials are working furiously to understand it, trying to prevent a pandemic (a larger global spread of an infection). (vox.com)
Seasonal influenza and the 2009 pandemic strain were characterized by similar high rates of mainly asymptomatic infection with most symptomatic cases self-managing without medical consultation," the researchers wrote. (clinicaladvisor.com)
Measurement of the proportion of serologically-confirmed infections that are asymptomatic should be an early priority for any emerging infection of pandemic potential," they recommended. (clinicaladvisor.com)

These pandemics occur irregularly. (wikipedia.org)
Pandemics occur if such a new subtype acquires the ability to infect and transmit in the human population. (frontiersin.org)

Tamiflu, the most commonly used influenza antiviral and the mainstay of the federal government's emergency drug stockpile, no longer works for the dominant flu strain circulating in much of the country, government officials said Tuesday. (flutrackers.com)

Yet, history has proven the reality of this threat with influenza pandemics in 1918, 1957-58, 1968, and 2009. (csis.org)

Both mutants spread easily among ferrets, but whereas Fouchier's strain reportedly killed all of the animals it infected, Kawaoka's did not. (scientificamerican.com)

Additionally, some of the measures that have been effective in managing hospital surge capacity, such as Houston's use of Texas Children's Hospital for adult COVID-19 patients , might not be possible since children under 5 years of age are one of the groups most likely to have severe outcomes from seasonal influenza, including hospitalizations and deaths. (nationalinterest.org)

COVID-19 has now killed about as many Americans as the 1918-19 Spanish flu pandemic did - approximately 675,000. (kron4.com)
In 1918, crowded wartime environments set the stage for a worldwide, multiwave flu pandemic that infected an estimated 500 million people and left 50 million dead, with 675,000 deaths in the United States. (asbmb.org)

The 1977 pandemic spread rapidly worldwide but was limited to those under 20 years of age: Older persons were immune from exposures before 1957. (thebulletin.org)
Unlike the seasonal which it rapidly declined, with only 669 and resources. (who.int)

Anatomy5

Organisms26

Diseases16

Chemicals and Drugs35

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment25

Phenomena and Processes39

Disciplines and Occupations6

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena5

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Humanities4

Information Science5

Named Groups2

Health Care27

Geographicals12

H1N163

Vaccine63

Viruses30

Vaccines28

H3N24

Circulating seasonal influenza1

H5N18

Epidemics12

Preparedness2

Ongoing COVID-19 pandemic1

1918 influenza pandemic killed2

Global pandemic1

Humans11

Immunity5

Subtypes1

Vaccination6

Virus24

Viral4

Emergence of new1

Outbreaks1

Another Pandemic1

Recent pandemic1

Antibodies5

Last pandemic1

Multiple strains1

Severity2

Illness4

Pdm091

Outbreak2

Deadly1

Infection3

Occur2

Antiviral1

19681

Ferrets1

Severe1

675,0002

Rapidly2