EmbryoSomaticProcedureTherapeuticEthicalBeingsAttemptsDollySpeciesTissueCellsResearchTransferAnimalsPotentialTechnologyBirthTermArgumentWomenNaturePluripotent stem1996Somatic cellsMammalEmbryonic stemNucleiWilmutExperimentsGeneticallyAdultStemTechniqueCaseFoundBetter understandAnimalConcernsBodyTeam
Embryo14
- It is also our view that there are no sound reasons for treating the early-stage human embryo or cloned human embryo as anything special, or as having moral status greater than human somatic cells in tissue culture. (wikiquote.org)
- Assisted reproductive technology (ART) and embryo research have posed many challenges to the different timeframes of science, ethics and law. (edu.au)
- But it is perhaps not auspicious to quote him for purposes of the scientific debates on human cloning, because Ramsey agreed with and supported the scientific myth of the "pre-embryo" 47 made famous by Jesuit Richard McCormick and frog embryologist Clifford Grobstein. (lifeissues.net)
- Thus, while Ramsey agreed that there is a human being present immediately at fertilization, he did not agree that it was also a human embryo or a human person - the classic "pre-embryo" argument. (lifeissues.net)
- The human embryo did not begin until after 14-days, thus the above quote from Saunders would not apply. (lifeissues.net)
- Perhaps Ramsey would give other extraordinarily powerful arguments as to why human cloning is unethical, but he obviously would not be able to base it on his unscientific "pre-embryo" position. (lifeissues.net)
- 6. " ... any living human embryo has the inherent 'potential' to develop into a healthy baby . (lifeissues.net)
- Originally the relevant philosophical term was "potency" (or inherent power or capacity conveyed by a specific nature) was used to apply to an already existing substance - such as a new living human embryo. (lifeissues.net)
- In that sense, the human embryo would not be even a human being yet, much less a human person. (lifeissues.net)
- Thus if by "potential" one means "potency" - i.e., that the early human embryo already exists with a human nature that is already there, and has its own inherent power or capacity (provided by that human nature) to simply grow bigger and bigger through all the usual developmental stages through birth, then such a statement stands as accurate - both scientifically and philosophically. (lifeissues.net)
- That is, it would be acknowledging that the human embryo and the human " baby " are the same human being and human person throughout all of his/her development. (lifeissues.net)
- On the other hand, if by "potential" one means that the human embryo is not a human being or human person yet , but might be later once it has been born (i.e., a "baby"), then that statement is both scientifically and philosophically incorrect. (lifeissues.net)
- Otherwise, such a treaty would not recognize the inherent human nature of the early human embryo or fetus until after birth , and thus cloning them and using them for research - both "therapeutic" and "reproductive" -- would not be banned, and women undergoing "infertility treatments" could surely be put in danger. (lifeissues.net)
- Again, Saunders is referring to SCNT as "THE" cloning procedure, when there are many other ways to clone a human being as well, and he is scientifically mis-defining the product of SCNT (i.e., the cloned human embryo). (lifeissues.net)
Somatic1
- In the case of Hua Hua and Zhong Zhong, researchers used modern technology developed only in the last couple of years to enhance the technique used to clone Dolly, which is called somatic cell transfer, or SCNT. (cmaaa.co.za)
Procedure4
- The team tweaked the SCNT procedure using new technology that helped with the nucleus transfer and the fusion of cells. (cmaaa.co.za)
- Speed while performing the procedure helped, they learned, and scientists discovered clones created out of cells from fetal tissue did better than when they used adult cells. (cmaaa.co.za)
- While they succeeded in obtaining cloned macaques, the numbers are too low to make many conclusions, except that it remains a very inefficient and hazardous procedure,' said Robin Lovell-Badge, an embryologist and head of the Division of Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Genetics at the Francis Crick Institute. (cmaaa.co.za)
- 7. "[footnote 16]: The cloning procedure supplies the oocyte with a complete set of chromosomes, all of which are contained in the nucleus which is transferred into the denucleated oocyte. (lifeissues.net)
Therapeutic1
- Stem cell transplantation is a promising strategy for therapeutic cardiac regeneration, but current therapies are limited by inefficient interaction between potentially beneficial cells (either exogenously transplanted or endogenously recruited) and the injured tissue. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Ethical3
- The birth of these clones also brings up ethical issues. (cmaaa.co.za)
- This issue was considered by the House of Representatives Standing Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs in its report entitled Human Cloning: Scientific, Ethical and Regulatory Aspects of Human Cloning and Stem Cell Research (hereafter the Andrews Report , after the Chair of the Committee, Mr Kevin Andrews, MP) released in September 2001. (edu.au)
- The report arose out of a recommendation for the Committee to review the report of the Australian Health Ethics Committee (AHEC) of the NHMRC entitled Scientific, Ethical and Regulatory Considerations Relevant to Cloning of Human Beings (hereafter the AHEC Report ). (edu.au)
Beings1
- Claims that you could clone individual treatments of human beings to treat common diseases like diabetes, suggests you need a huge supply of human eggs. (wikiquote.org)
Attempts2
- More than 90% of cloning attempts fail to produce viable offspring. (wikiquote.org)
- The SCNT technique has worked to create about 20 different animals including frogs, mice, rabbits, pigs, cows and even dogs, but there have been 'numerous attempts to clone non-human primate species, but they all failed,' said Mumming Poo, an author on the paper. (cmaaa.co.za)
Dolly3
- CNN)For the first time, scientists say they created cloned primates using the same complicated cloning technique that made Dolly the sheep in 1996. (cmaaa.co.za)
- When scientists made Dolly the sheep, years after she was born they used the same cell cluster to make four other sheep clones. (cmaaa.co.za)
- is a British developmental biologist who was the first to use nuclear transfer of differentiated adult cells to generate a mammalian clone, a Finn Dorset sheep named Dolly, born in 1996. (mathisfunforum.com)
Species1
- Given that we have an efficiency of 1% cloning for livestock species and if only one in a thousand cells are viable then around 100,000 cells would need to be transferred. (wikiquote.org)
Tissue1
- A blastocyst (cloned or not), because it lacks any trace of a nervous system, has no capacity for suffering or conscious experience in any form - the special properties that, in our view, spell the difference between biological tissue and a human life worthy of respect and rights. (wikiquote.org)
Cells3
- Cloning in biotechnology refers to processes used to create copies of DNA fragments ( molecular cloning ), cells (cell cloning), or organisms . (wikiquote.org)
- The unique properties of human stem cells have aroused considerable optimism about their potential as new pathways for alleviating human suffering caused by disease and injury. (edu.au)
- Stem cells may be derived from adult tissues but the most potent are extracted from developing human embryos. (edu.au)
Research3
- She is not affiliated with the new study, but is working on reproductive technology research involving buffalo. (cmaaa.co.za)
- I knew and had great respect for the famous Protestant theologian and bioethicist Paul Ramsey, and used much of his work concerning the use of human subjects in research in my own. (lifeissues.net)
- In 1966, his final year at Nottingham, he received a scholarship to conduct research for a summer under English biologist Ernest John Christopher Polge in the Unit of Reproductive Physiology and Biochemistry, then a division of the Agricultural Research Council at the University of Cambridge. (mathisfunforum.com)
Transfer1
- More than 100 nuclear transfer procedures could be required to produce one viable clone. (wikiquote.org)
Animals2
- Developments in biotechnology have raised new concerns about animal welfare, as farm animals now have their genomes modified (genetically engineered) or copied (cloned) to propagate certain traits useful to agribusiness, such as meat yield or feed conversion. (wikiquote.org)
- In addition to low success rates, cloned animals tend to have more compromised immune function and higher rates of infection, tumor growth, and other disorders. (wikiquote.org)
Potential2
- a) It would seem that Saunders uses the "potential" argument here quite appropriately, but it is critical that the term be understood properly in order to deflect any misunderstandings or misinterpretations - especially if the term were to be used in any U. N. treaty on human cloning. (lifeissues.net)
- If the term "potential" were to be incorporated into a U. N. treaty on human cloning, it would be necessary to clarify its use as referring to an already existing human being/person. (lifeissues.net)
Technology1
- Stem cell technology in humans derives from earlier and complementary work in animal studies. (edu.au)
Birth1
- With this birth, these scientists have broken a barrier and that means the technique could, in theory, be applied to humans. (cmaaa.co.za)
Term1
- Since the term "born" has been used as an essential part of the definition of " reproductive cloning " used by Weissman, the National Academy of Sciences, etc., then it is critical to use the accurate term with the proper meaning. (lifeissues.net)
Argument1
- He noted, critics will evoke, 'the slippery slope argument of this being one step closer to human cloning. (cmaaa.co.za)
Women1
- Even if you don't have a religious view of the sanctity of life, you have to ask is there going to be a massive trade in human eggs from poor women to rich countries. (wikiquote.org)
Nature1
- In biology , cloning is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as bacteria , insects or plants reproduce asexually . (wikiquote.org)
Pluripotent stem1
- Controversy surrounds human ESC work due to the destruction of viable human embryos, leading scientists to seek alternative methods of obtaining pluripotent stem cells, SCNT is one such method. (wikipedia.org)
19962
- In 1996, Dolly the sheep became famous for being the first successful case of the reproductive cloning of a mammal. (wikipedia.org)
- When she was born on 5 July 1996, Dolly was the first animal to be cloned from an adult cell using a technique known as somatic-cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). (world-topnews.com)
Somatic cells3
- For example, if a person with Parkinson's disease donated their somatic cells, the stem cells resulting from SCNT would have genes that contribute to Parkinson's disease. (wikipedia.org)
- Early experiments with cloning plants showed that individual somatic cells (cells that do not form pollen or egg) could form complete, new clonal plants, indicating that the somatic cells had no irreversible changes in their genome compared to the original fertilized egg cell. (gatech.edu)
- The first studies to test whether vertebrate animals could be cloned used a technique called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), where nuclei from somatic cells were transferred to an egg cell whose own nucleus had been removed. (gatech.edu)
Mammal1
- The first mammal to be cloned from an adult cell - Dolly - died at the relatively young age of 6.5 years, having suffered from osteoarthritis. (world-topnews.com)
Embryonic stem2
- There are two sources of embryonic stem cells: embryos left over from in vitro fertilization and embryos produced by human cloning. (reasons.org)
- To isolate embryonic stem cells, human embryos must be destroyed. (reasons.org)
Nuclei2
- In January 2018, a team of scientists in Shanghai announced the successful cloning of two female crab-eating macaques (named Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua) from foetal nuclei. (wikipedia.org)
- Using cultured mammary gland cells from an adult sheep as the source of donor nuclei, he performed 277 SCNTs to create clone embryos. (gatech.edu)
Wilmut1
- The effort to clone Dolly was led at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh by Prof Sir Ian Wilmut, who later abandoned research on SCNT. (world-topnews.com)
Experiments2
- In human SCNT experiments, these eggs are obtained through consenting donors, utilizing ovarian stimulation. (wikipedia.org)
- And even after 20 years of additional investigation, too many experiments yield no viable clone. (world-topnews.com)
Genetically1
- Asexual reproduction results in progeny that are genetically identical to the parent, meaning that they are "clones" of the parent. (gatech.edu)
Adult2
- Adult humans have distinct reservoirs of stem cells , located in different parts of the body (such as the bone marrow). (gatech.edu)
- No human life is lost in the process of isolating adult stem cells. (reasons.org)
Stem5
- Another application of SCNT stem cell research is using the patient specific stem cell lines to generate tissues or even organs for transplant into the specific patient. (wikipedia.org)
- Only a handful of the labs in the world are currently using SCNT techniques in human stem cell research. (wikipedia.org)
- The intersection of stem cell technology, genetic engineering, and cloning poses both scientific and ethical challenges. (gatech.edu)
- Stem cells are associated with certain tissues in the human body. (reasons.org)
- [ 45 ] The use of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from the umbilical cord matrix in animal models of Parkinsonism has resulted in positive findings. (medscape.com)
Technique1
- Somatic cell nuclear transfer is a technique for cloning in which the nucleus of a somatic cell is transferred to the cytoplasm of an enucleated egg. (wikipedia.org)
Case1
- The evidence of mild osteoarthritis in the clones - and a moderate case of the disease in Debbie - could be a normal feature of sheep as they age, the researchers write in their scientific paper. (world-topnews.com)
Found2
- Following our detailed assessments of glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, blood pressure and musculoskeletal investigations we found that our clones, considering their age, were at the time of our research healthy. (world-topnews.com)
- They found no major health issues: there was no sign of metabolic disease, such as diabetes, in the clones and their blood pressure was normal. (world-topnews.com)
Better understand1
- Prof Sinclair said the latest study offered a route to better understand why this was so, but conceded that SCNT still had a way to go to fulfil its promise. (world-topnews.com)
Animal1
- [ 46 ] In an animal model of stroke involving middle cerebral artery occlusion, human umbilical cord blood cells introduced by intravenous infusion into rats lead to improved functional recovery, [ 47 ] with some of the human cord blood cells having entered the site of the stroke and expressing neuronal and astroglial markers. (medscape.com)
Concerns1
- On a practical level, these concerns have resulted in the banning of all federal funding for human ES-cell research in the USA as of 2001, while similar policies have been implemented in other countries. (medscape.com)
Body1
- The human body is quite limited in its ability to regenerate or repair injuries or diseases that affect critical organs such as the brain, heart, and pancreas. (gatech.edu)
Team1
- The Nottingham team based their conclusions on examination of Dolly's four "sisters" and nine other cloned sheep - all between seven and nine years of age. (world-topnews.com)