The report notes that the gene, eed, when functioning normally in female mouse embryos, keeps the paternal X chromosome inactive and many of its genes shut down in early placental cells. (sciencedaily.com)
As female mammals have two X chromosomes (XX) and males an X and Y (XY), imbalance occurs because female embryos have twice as many X-linked genes. (sciencedaily.com)
When that happens, too many X chromosome genes are active, there are problems forming placental tissue, and female embryos die. (sciencedaily.com)
Their final products, whether human or trout embryos, showcased the now lost collaboration between wax modeling artists and embryologists. (asu.edu)
Genes5
We've learned from the human genome projects that there are far fewer genes than were originally estimated, roughly 35,000. (sciencedaily.com)
In a complex organism like humans, those 35,000 genes must act in concert with one another in many different combinations at many different times," Magnuson said. (sciencedaily.com)
Evolution of the Staphylococcus argenteus ST2250 Clone in Northeastern Thailand Is Linked with the Acquisition of Livestock-Associated Staphylococcal Genes. (cdc.gov)
At a very basic level, we are learning who likes to work with whom to regulate around 20,000 human genes," said Michael Snyder , PhD, professor and chair of genetics at Stanford. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
The ENCODE, for the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements , project was a five-year collaboration of more than 440 scientists in 32 labs around the world to reveal the complex interplay among regulatory regions, proteins and RNA molecules that governs when and how genes are expressed. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
Chromosomes1
In the second half of the cell cycle the chromosomes clone themselves so that at mitosis, cell division, each cell has a full set of chromosomes. (whale.to)
Gene5
A gene discovered by scientists at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill appears to be crucial for female embryo survival. (sciencedaily.com)
A study authored by UNC researchers and published in the August issue of "Nature Genetics" furthers the understanding of a fundamental biological process in mammals and contributes important new knowledge to gene regulation in the developing embryo. (sciencedaily.com)
This gene is activated from the X chromosome that's going to be shut down, which in early placental material is only the X from the father, according to Terry Magnuson, PhD, senior author of the new study and Kenan professor of genetics at UNC-CH School of Medicine. (sciencedaily.com)
An expanded five-member GH gene cluster spans approximately 48 kb on chromosome 17 of the human genome, whereas the sole human PRL gene is present on chromosome 6 [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In the fly, signals are regulated by a single Hh gene, while in mammals, Sonic (SHH), Indian (IHH), and Desert (DHH) hedgehog play different regulatory roles [ 37 , 148 ]. (regenmedres-journal.org)
Genome1
To do so, they coupled findings from 238 DNA-protein-binding experiments performed by the ENCODE project - a massive, multiyear international effort to identify the functional elements of the human genome - with a laboratory-based technique to identify binding patterns among the proteins themselves. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
Reptiles2
The major lineages of Reptiles diverged 200-280 million years ago and include more than 10,000 species (twice as many as mammals), which display a remarkable range of phenotypes, life histories, sex-determining systems, reproductive modes, and physiologies. (unige.ch)
Human fetuses, for example, never resemble adult fish or reptiles, but in certain ways they do resemble embryonic fish and reptiles. (blogspot.com)
Tissue4
The diaphragm divides the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity in mammals through a partition of skeletal muscle and connective tissue. (microscopyu.com)
The researchers demonstrated this functionality in human tissue using a heart-on-a-chip with embedded sensors that continuously tracked the contractions of the tissue. (regenerativemedicine.net)
The team tested the effect of EEVs on human heart tissue using the heart-on-a-chip model developed by the Disease Biophysics Group at SEAS. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Organ-on-chip platforms mimic the structure and function of native tissue and allow researchers to observe, in real time, the effects of injuries and treatments in human tissue. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Researchers2
In October 2003, researchers succeeded in cloning two laboratory rats by the problematic technique of nuclear transfer. (microscopyu.com)
Using near-infrared spectroscopy, the same technology often used in doctor s offices on human fingertips to determine oxygen levels, the researchers will examine whether the brain regions engaged when listening to the same sounds change depending on what the sea lion is calculating. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Biological2
He introduced cellular nuclear transfer technology to the Chinese biological community, developed methods to clone organisms from many marine species, and investigated the role of cytoplasm in early development. (asu.edu)
In this minireview we examine the structure, expression patterns, and biological actions of the PRL and GH families from rodents (primarily rat and mouse), ruminants (primarily ovine and bovine), and primates (primarily human). (biomedcentral.com)
Males1
The reproductive systems of mammalian males contain a component called the epididymis. (microscopyu.com)
Species2
The term is sometimes used inaccurately to describe reproduction modes in hermaphroditic species that can reproduce by themselves because they contain reproductive organs of both sexes in a single individual's body. (alchetron.com)
Though smaller and less complex than that of humans, the rat brain is extremely useful as a subject of study because most regions of the brain are essentially the same among mammalian species. (microscopyu.com)
Occurs1
Magnuson pointed out that X inactivation also occurs within the embryo itself, not just in early placental (trophoblast) material surrounding the embryo. (sciencedaily.com)
Beings2
The absolute reality is that human beings have complete dominion over life on this planet. (cnet.com)
First let us postulate that the computer scientists succeed in developing intelligent machines that can do all things better than human beings can do them. (adam.nz)
Systems1
In that case presumably all work will be done by vast, highly organized systems of machines and no human effort will be necessary. (adam.nz)
Cells1
With this study, we have mimicked a human disease on a chip with human cells and developed a novel therapeutic approach to treat it. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Adult1
The colon extends from the small intestine to the anal opening and is about five feet long in a human adult. (microscopyu.com)
Research3
Bill Joy, cofounder and Chief Scientist of Sun Microsystems, was co-chair of the presidential commission on the future of IT research, and is co-author of The Java Language Specification. (adam.nz)
As cloning techniques are perfected, rats likely will become an important subject of genetic research. (microscopyu.com)
Developing noninvasive ways of monitoring brain function in these marine mammals, including when in the wild, can give us insight into how these animals navigate in and make sense of their undersea world, which is important to conservation efforts," she said. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Brain2
In this work, they will use electroencephalography (a technology used routinely with humans in laboratories and clinics) to measure neural responses from the dolphins to see if the brain shows a surprise signature when the ongoing sound pattern changes. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Later, the scientists will use sea lions to investigate whether, as in humans, different brain networks calculate the location of a sound versus the meaning of a sound. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Marine1
Additionally, learning how the brains of our marine cousins process complex acoustic scenes, and how that is similar or different to auditory processing in humans, can give us a deeper understanding of human hearing. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Half1
In some types of parthenogenesis the offspring having all of the mother's genetic material are called full clones and those having only half are called half clones. (wikipedia.org)
Effects1
The AFL-CIO was engineers to be their effects to African-American st, Additionally at the church of the dog of rebooting scientists in teams like Mississippi. (tackletime.net)
Knowledge1
Science writing, he realized, was the best job in the world -- it let him tell stories about space, the planet, climate change and the people working at the frontiers of human knowledge. (cnet.com)
National Institute1
The study was funded by a grant from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. (sciencedaily.com)
Body1
His investigations provided insights into various mechanisms and structures of the human body. (asu.edu)
Technology1
In the hotel bar, Ray gave me a partial preprint of his then-forthcoming book The Age of Spiritual Machines, which outlined a utopia he foresaw - one in which humans gained near immortality by becoming one with robotic technology. (adam.nz)
Treat1
The campuswide initiative, headed by Magnuson and which represents public and private investments, will allow Carolina to be a driving force in determining how the genomics revolution will change the way we treat human diseases, design drugs and grow crops. (sciencedaily.com)
Studies1
In a different series of studies, the team will explore whether dolphins, like humans, learn to anticipate repeating patterns in sound, a critical step in making sense of complicated sounds in noisy settings. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Mouse2
Lists of PRL and GH family members from the mouse and rat, bovine and ovine, and human and rhesus monkey are provided in Tables 1 , 2 and 3 . (biomedcentral.com)
Members of the human GH family are closely related structural variants, whereas members of the rat, mouse, and bovine PRL families exhibit considerable sequence diversity. (biomedcentral.com)
Make2
The machines might be permitted to make all of their own decisions without human oversight, or else human control over the machines might be retained. (adam.nz)
Dolphins and sea lions hear differently than humans, but the way their brains make sense of sound could help Dr. Shinn-Cunningham and her team better understand the cognitive and neural mechanisms of sound processing. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Team1
She and her team are currently investigating ways to apply the technologies, which are commonly used in humans, to sea lions. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Lines1
Scientists have bred many strains or "lines" of rats specifically for experimentation. (microscopyu.com)