Satellite viruses are particles. Medical search. Frequent questions

Viral particles of the virus are spherical and 30 nanometre in diameter. (wikipedia.org)
We furthermore offer an explanation for the phenomena of overcharging observed in viral particles. (escholarship.org)
When P2 infects a cell already harboring P4, the latent P4 quickly wakes up and uses the genetic instructions of P2 to make hundreds of its own small viral particles. (extension13.com)
In hepatitis A disease, feces contain the highest concentration of HAV viral particles, and viral excretion is highest late in the incubation and early in the prodromal phase. (medscape.com)
Skin lesions from four of the 10 patients were evaluated by negative stain electron microscopy, and pox viral particles were found in three patients. (cdc.gov)

TWiV 1047: Long COVID and avian flu in ferrets September 24, 2023 TWiV explains a study of postacute sequelae of COVID-19 at 2 years, and airborne transmission of human-isolated avian H3N8 influenza virus between ferrets. (microbe.tv)
TWiV 1045: Less Lassa, CRISPR RNA viruses September 17, 2023 TWiV reviews a Lassa virus mRNA vaccine that confers protection against disease without inducing neutralizing antibodies, and a CRISPR-based method for engineering the genome of RNA viruses. (microbe.tv)
TWiV 1067: Heads or tails, you win a phage lunch December 3, 2023 On this all-bacteriophage episode, TWiV explains the 'vampire phage', and and how mammalian cells internalize phage particles and utilize them to enhance cell growth and survival. (microbe.tv)
Matters Microbial #18: The Perfect Predator: Why Phage is Rage November 30, 2023 Today Dr. Steffanie Strathdee, Associate Dean of Global Health Sciences at UC San Diego and Co-Director at the Center for Innovative Phage Applications and Therapeutics, will chat with us about how bacteriophages-viruses that attack bacteria-changed her life and are becoming part of our future. (microbe.tv)
TWiEVO 95: Watering the viruses until they bloom November 14, 2023 Nels and Vincent discuss how the rewetting of seasonally dried soils, a critical event in Mediterranean grasslands that reactivates dormant soil microorganisms, leading to pulses of carbon and nitrogen mineralization, and is accompanied by a bloom of viral diversity, followed by extensive viral community turnover. (microbe.tv)

A satellite-like nucleic acid of arabis mosaic virus associated with hop nettlehead disease. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Satellites are subviral particles made up of a nucleic acid molecule and some proteins. (zxc.wiki)
The shell of a nonenveloped virus with even a very small genome must therefore contain a large number of identical protein subunits-at least 60, if the coat-protein gene is to use up less than 25% of the coding capacity in the enclosed nucleic acid. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Viroids differ from viruses in having no coat enclosing the nucleic acid which in these agents is a small single stranded circular RNA. (biologydiscussion.com)

When they were initially spotted making life miserable for amoebas in a British water tower by Tim Rowbotham in 1993, the first-reported giant viruses were thought to be (yawn) bacteria and largely ignored. (asmblog.org)
But viral satellites are not limited to bacteria. (extension13.com)
Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria. (eastmojo.com)
In 1898, Friedrich Loeffler and Paul Frosch found evidence that the cause of foot-and-mouth disease in livestock was an infectious particle smaller than any bacteria. (raptureready.com)
Precautions like an aviation clean air ionization system can eliminate airborne viruses and bacteria and reduce the risk of transmission. (spartan.edu)
In the past, HEPA filters and UV lights were used to destroy bacteria and viruses in aircraft cabins. (spartan.edu)
The mechanism by which latent viruses, such as genetically transmitted tumor viruses ( PROVIRUSES ) or PROPHAGES of lysogenic bacteria, are induced to replicate and then released as infectious viruses. (lookformedical.com)

It is related to tobacco necrosis virus and is highly similar to TNVA and Satellite tobacco necrosis virus. (wikipedia.org)
Even though corn salad necrosis virus and tobacco necrosis virus are similar, only corn salad necrosis virus can systemically infect corn salad. (wikipedia.org)

June 16 (UPI) -- Computer models developed by a trio of researchers in China suggest flushing a toilet can produce a cloud of virus-containing aerosol droplets. (upi.com)
You could be exposed if you touch surfaces on which abrin particles or droplets have landed, or if particles or droplets of abrin land on your skin or in your eyes. (cdc.gov)
Because they are liquids or solids (for example, powder), riot control agents such as CN and CS could be released in the air as fine droplets or particles. (cdc.gov)

So what do we make of giant double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses, one of which-the newly discovered Pandoravirus salinus - has an even larger genome than a hunky parasitic eukaryote called Encephalitozoon ? (asmblog.org)
Genome analysis of PgV shows it's a bona fide relative of Mimiviruses thereby extending the realm of giant viruses to those that prey on an abundant blooming phytoplankton species," says Claverie. (asmblog.org)
In the second part, we explore the role of genome on the structure of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) shells (Chapter 6). (escholarship.org)
U. massive replication of the virus body (genome and proteins) in the affected cell by the cell organelles present. (zxc.wiki)
For the structure of any virus particle, a central constraint is that the information needed to specify its macromolecular components must not exhaust the genetic capacity of the packaged genome. (basicmedicalkey.com)
In comparison, the smallest viruses have a genome size of about 4,000 nucleotides. (biologydiscussion.com)

More than 240 million people throughout the world are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV), and approximately 15-25 million are co-infected with hepatitis D virus (HDV), a satellite virus which requires HBV envelope proteins for particle assembly and spread [1] . (researchsquare.com)
A second research area involves the synthesis of three-dimensional nanostructures from the self-assembling proteins that form the outer coats of viruses. (lbl.gov)
We have generated a novel tool for the expression of recombinant proteins in plants and for the functional analysis of virus and plant genes. (biomedcentral.com)
While this is an interesting proposition, the mutations that occur in almost cases do not make non functional proteins but mutated proteins which make the viruses more virulent (more true in case of RNA viruses. (stackexchange.com)
There are some viruses called satellite viruses and viroids which depend on 'donor' larger viruses for some of the proteins they need for replication. (stackexchange.com)
Proteins found in any species of virus. (lookformedical.com)

Bioinformatic analysis of the satellite and helper viruses' genomes provides clues as to why the satellite may have evolved to attach to the helper, and suggests this pair may have been co-evolving for about 100 million years. (australiabulletin.com)
Enveloped viruses have, in their lipid bilayer, an impermeable barrier between their genomes and the outside environment, reducing the need for continuity of any protein layer. (basicmedicalkey.com)

and sometimes LIPIDS, and their assembly into a new infectious particle. (lookformedical.com)

We study the physics of virus assembly. (escholarship.org)
The latest research, published Tuesday in the journal Physics of Fluids , suggests that if coronavirus particles can find their way into toilets, flushing can aerosolize them. (upi.com)
Now, University of Southern Denmark physicists are joining forces with Europe's second-largest particle physics laboratory, hoping to capture elementary particles. (sdu.dk)
Every year, CERN invites a group of high-school teachers to Geneva, Switzerland, to learn about particle physics - and how to teach it at school. (scienceinschool.org)
On July 4, 2012, physicists around the world celebrate the announcement of the discovery of the Higgs boson-the quantum excitation of the Higgs field that is the linchpin of the standard model of particle physics. (illinois.edu)

The first part focuses on spherical single stranded (ss) RNA viruses or virus like particles. (escholarship.org)
HAV is a small, nonenveloped, positive, single-stranded RNA virus that was first identified by electron microscopy in 1973 and classified within the genus Hepatovirus of the picornavirus family. (medscape.com)

For example, the Infection Protection Act defines pathogens in Section 2 Definitions as "a reproductive agent (virus, bacterium, fungus, parasite) or another biological transmissible agent that can cause an infection or communicable disease in humans" (underlining added). (zxc.wiki)
Once in place, the ionizers neutralize pathogens like the virus that causes COVID-19. (spartan.edu)

The last decade has been marked by two eminent discoveries that have changed our perception of the virology field: The discovery of giant viruses and a distinct new class of viral agents that parasitize their viral factories, the virophages. (mdpi.com)
Virology is the study of viruses which are organism composed of genetic material encapsulated in a protein envelope. (proteogenix.science)

This image shows Streptomyces satellite phage MiniFlayer (purple) attached to the neck of its helper virus, Streptomyces phage MindFlayer (gray). (extension13.com)
MiniFlayer is the first satellite phage known to have lost its ability to lie dormant. (kashmirvision.in)
Not being able to lie in wait for your helper to enter the cell poses an important challenge to a satellite phage. (kashmirvision.in)

Our experiments have also highlighted virus requirements for replication in single cells as well as intercellular and long-distance movement. (biomedcentral.com)

Polio: Should we be worried about virus found in London sewage? (brooklyncaller.com)

Sometimes a virus enters a cell only to find that its new temporary dwelling is already home to another dormant virus. (extension13.com)
Bacteriophage P4 is a temperate virus, meaning it can integrate into the chromosome of its host cell and lie dormant. (extension13.com)
The ability of a pathogenic virus to lie dormant within a cell (latent infection). (lookformedical.com)
A recent NASA-funded study has found dormant viruses can reactivate in the human body during spaceflight, presenting yet another physiological problem for scientists to solve before we journey out into deep space. (lifeboat.com)
Reactivation of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) that has remained dormant within dorsal root ganglia, often for decades after the patient's initial exposure to the virus in the form of varicella (chickenpox), results in herpes zoster (shingles). (medscape.com)

Viruses are supposed to be small and simple-not even alive, just mobile genetic material after all. (asmblog.org)
Pathogenic viruses couple to surface molecules of the host cells and smuggle their genetic material into them. (zxc.wiki)
In this case, biologists refer to P2 as a "helper" virus, because the satellite P4 needs P2's genetic material to replicate and spread. (extension13.com)
Virus particles are carriers of genetic material from one cell to another. (basicmedicalkey.com)
In animals like pigs, when different strains of Influenza virus infect together, while virus assembly genetic material (RNA) of one strain can enter into the other. (stackexchange.com)
Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses. (lookformedical.com)
Viruses whose genetic material is RNA. (lookformedical.com)

If the tiny viral parasite we named Sputnik (after 'traveling companion' in Russian) can pirate the factory of another virus to propagate at the expense of its host, it's a 'virophage'-an infecting agent functionally analogous to a bacteriophage," argue Claverie and Bernard La Scola, his colleague at Aix-Marseille Université. (asmblog.org)
That Sputnik is really a virophage was originally disputed because it's so similar to satellite viruses. (asmblog.org)
The world's first artificial satellite, the Sputnik 1 , was launched by the Soviet Union in 1957. (parsatellite.com)

However, virophages possess unique features with an "uncanny resemblance" to viruses infecting cellular hosts including the accumulation of hordes of virophage particles within a single giant virus capsid. (asmblog.org)
For example, by selectively modifying the top and bottom faces of the satellite panicum mosaic virus capsid protein, new types of core/shell materials could be obtained after assembly. (lbl.gov)
When found outside of host cells, viruses exist as a protein coat or capsid. (raptureready.com)
The capsid encloses either DNA or RNA, which is the blueprint of the virus. (raptureready.com)
Once a capsid attaches to living cell and ejects its DNA or RNA code, the virus germinates and begins its destructive work. (raptureready.com)

Trying to outsmart each other, satellite and helper viruses have come up with an unparalleled array of antiviral systems for researchers to exploit. (extension13.com)

Such objects are sometimes called artificial satellites to distinguish them from natural satellites such as Earth's Moon . (parsatellite.com)

In the context of spaceflight , a satellite is an artificial object which has been intentionally placed into orbit . (parsatellite.com)
Since then, thousands of satellites have been launched into orbit around the Earth . (parsatellite.com)
Some satellites, notably space stations , have been launched in parts and assembled in orbit. (parsatellite.com)
About a thousand satellites are currently operational, whereas thousands of unused satellites and satellite fragments orbit the Earth as space debris . (parsatellite.com)
A few space probes have been placed into orbit around other bodies and become artificial satellites to the Moon, Mercury , Venus , Mars , Jupiter , Saturn , Vesta , Eros , Ceres , and the Sun . (parsatellite.com)
Space stations and human spacecraft in orbit are also satellites. (parsatellite.com)
Satellites in orbit around the poles provide observations of the entire planet several times per day, whereas satellites in a geostationary orbit provide coarse-resolution imagery of fires, smoke and clouds every five to 15 minutes. (scitechdaily.com)

It's a simple little virus-so simple that biologists often refer to it as a "particle" rather than organism, so small and primitive that it can only proliferate in a cell that's already been hijacked by another virus. (illinois.edu)

This colorized transmission electron microscope image shows a newly discovered satellite virus latched onto its helper virus. (australiabulletin.com)
Electron microscopy is the most direct way to determine the general morphology of a virus particle. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Negative staining, with uranyl acetate, potassium phosphotungstate, or related electron-dense compounds, gives somewhat more detailed images of isolated and purified virus particles. (basicmedicalkey.com)
The electron beam destroys the particle itself very rapidly, but it leaves the dense "cast" of stain undamaged for much longer. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Methods for preserving viruses and other macromolecular assemblies by rapid freezing to liquid nitrogen or liquid helium temperatures have permitted visualization of electron-scattering contrast from the structures in the particle itself and not just from the cast created by a surrounding layer of negative stain. (basicmedicalkey.com)
The Marshfield Clinic, Marshfield, Wisconsin, identified a virus morphologically consistent with a poxvirus by electron microscopy of skin lesion tissue from a patient, lymph node tissue from the patient's pet prairie dog, and isolates of virus from culture of these tissues. (cdc.gov)

Viruses that infect human livers are known as hepatitis viruses and are classified into five major types from A to E, alphabetically. (bvsalud.org)
Safe and effective vaccines are already available to prevent hepatitis A and B. Here, we review the recent advances in protective vaccines against the five major hepatitis viruses. (bvsalud.org)

The results show that the satellite RNA is largely responsible for rosette disease symptoms in groundnut. (microbiologyresearch.org)
We explored several strategies for vector development including coat protein (CP) replacement, duplication of the CP subgenomic promoter (SGP) and the creation of a fusion protein using the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) 2A catalytic peptide. (biomedcentral.com)
A stable PepMV vector was generated by expressing the transgene as a CP fusion using the sequence encoding the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) 2A catalytic peptide to separate them. (biomedcentral.com)
Marburg virus disease, caused by Marburg and Ravn orthomarburgviruses, emerges sporadically in sub-Saharan Africa and is often fatal in humans. (cdc.gov)
Historically, 8 of 17 known Marburg virus disease outbreaks have been linked to human encroachment on ERB habitats, but no linkage exists for the other 9 outbreaks, raising the question of how bats and humans might intersect, leading to virus spillover. (cdc.gov)
Marburg virus (MARV) and Ravn virus (RAVV) (family Filoviridae, genus and species Orthomarburgvirus marburgense ) are the causative agents of Marburg virus disease (MVD). (cdc.gov)
The differential diagnosis includes other forms of viral hepatitis including mononucleosis and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections, autoimmune disease, and widespread systemic infection with liver failure. (medscape.com)
Virus shedding is an important means of vertical transmission (INFECTIOUS DISEASE TRANSMISSION, VERTICAL). (lookformedical.com)

The simulations of the satellite tobacco mosaic virus involved as many as one million atoms and simulation times of more than 50 nanoseconds. (illinois.edu)
The simulations allow the research team to compare the behavior of the full virus and will help scientists determine what factors are important to the virus' structural integrity and how those factors might influence assembly of the virus inside host cells. (illinois.edu)
Simulations showed both toilets produced enough vertical velocity to create a cloud of aerosolized virus particles. (upi.com)

Several studies have shown that COVID-19 particles persist in the stool of infected patients, whether or not the patients present with gastrointestinal symptoms. (upi.com)
Gene delivery of antiviral therapeutics to anatomical sites where viruses accumulate and persist is a promising approach for the next generation of antiviral therapies. (biomedcentral.com)

I am a bioinformatician , and my laboratory studies the evolution of viruses. (extension13.com)
Additional laboratory testing at CDC indicated that the causative agent is a monkeypox virus, a member of the orthopoxvirus group. (cdc.gov)

Scientists simulated the aerosolization of virus particles by two types of toilets: one with a single inlet for flushing water and another with two inlets that produce a rotating flow. (upi.com)
This research represents the first time scientists have observed one virus attached to another. (australiabulletin.com)
Scientists have discovered a protein that plays a central role in promoting immunity to viruses and cancer, opening the door to new therapies. (innovationtoronto.com)

The begomoviruses associated with CLCuD, like all geminiviruses, have geminate (twinned) particles, approximately 18-20 nm in diameter and 30 nm long, consisting of two incomplete T = 1 icosahedra joined together in a structure with 22 pentameric capsomers and 110 identical protein subunits. (bspp.org.uk)
Ash particles with a diameter of up to 2mm can destroy engines if they get into turbines. (sott.net)

In addition, the isolation of virophages has led us to discover previously unknown features displayed by their host viruses and cells. (mdpi.com)
Traditional thin-sectioning methods are useful for examining infected cells and larger, isolated particles. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Experiments in mice and human cells have shown that the protein promotes the proliferation of cytotoxic T cells, which kill cancer cells and cells infected with viruses. (innovationtoronto.com)
By screening mice with genetic mutations, the Imperial team discovered a strain of mice that produced 10 times as many cytotoxic T cells when infected with a virus compared with normal mice. (innovationtoronto.com)
Early vectors suffered from limitations such as instability and low yields, but this has been addressed by the genetic modification of vector sequences and by delivering virus vectors into plant cells using Agrobacterium tumefaciens [ 39 , 40 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Viruses depend on the host cells they infect to reproduce. (raptureready.com)
Process of growing viruses in live animals, plants, or cultured cells. (lookformedical.com)
As long-lived viral DNA within specific cellular reservoirs is responsible for persistent hepatitis B virus, Herpes simplex virus, and human immunodeficiency virus infections, the discovery of AAV vectors with strong tropism for hepatocytes, sensory neurons and T cells, respectively, is of particular interest. (biomedcentral.com)

Viruses typically don't have junk DNA-so to speak because of their tiny size. (stackexchange.com)
Luckily, because of the way that air circulates and is filtered on airplanes, viruses typically do not spread easily during flights. (spartan.edu)

China is one of the countries with the highest number of hepatitis B virus infections in the world, however, no nationwide cohort study has been conducted to assess the prevalence of HDV infection. (researchsquare.com)
Although infection with hepatitis A virus (HAV) is known to be self-resolving after rest and symptomatic treatment, there were 7134 deaths from HAV worldwide in 2016. (bvsalud.org)
Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) (genus Potexvirus , family Flexiviridae ), a widespread plant virus, is a promising candidate expression vector for plants because of its high level of accumulation in its hosts and the absence of severe infection symptoms. (biomedcentral.com)
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is the second most common form of viral hepatitis in the United States. (medscape.com)
Herpes zoster is viral infection that occurs with reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus. (medscape.com)

A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily ALPHAHERPESVIRINAE, consisting of herpes simplex-like viruses. (lookformedical.com)

The aerosol index provides information about the presence of particles in the air. (scitechdaily.com)

Nonenveloped viruses require a tightly packed shell to exclude nucleases or other sources of genomic damage. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Do any known viruses contain 'junk' or parasitic genomic information? (stackexchange.com)

Viruses embedded in negative stain are often relatively well preserved. (basicmedicalkey.com)
If the particle is fully covered by the negative stain, the image contains contrast from both the upper and the lower surface of the particle, and visual interpretation of finer aspects of the image can be difficult. (basicmedicalkey.com)

There are two types of viruses that most people are familiar with: the kind that makes people sick and the kind that makes our computers go haywire. (raptureready.com)

Subsequent research has shown that most bacterial species have a diverse set of satellite-helper systems , like that of P4-P2. (extension13.com)
The type species of ORTHOPOXVIRUS, related to COWPOX VIRUS , but whose true origin is unknown. (lookformedical.com)
The first Study design and data sources by the rabies virus (a species of lyssa- reported cases in Oman were of 2 expa- This first part of the study was a ret- virus) and, in the absence of pre- or triate workers who were originally bitten rospective study of surveillance data post-exposure vaccination, is often fatal. (who.int)

In the current study, we aimed to assess the efficacy of different Sofosbuvir (SOF)-based antiviral regimens available in Egypt in the treatment of Pegylated interferon/Ribavirin (PEG-INF/RBV)-experienced chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients. (bvsalud.org)
Viral satellites have the potential to transform how researchers understand antiviral strategies, but there is still a lot to learn about them. (extension13.com)

Biologists have known of the existence of viruses that prey on other viruses - referred to as viral "satellites" - for decades. (extension13.com)

Plant viruses are useful expression vectors because they can mount systemic infections allowing large amounts of recombinant protein to be produced rapidly in differentiated plant tissues. (biomedcentral.com)

As a result, researchers often look at only part of a symmetric virus and use symmetric boundary conditions. (illinois.edu)
As explained later, an important consequence of this observation (first made by Crick and Watson 56 even before a triplet code had been established) is that virus particles, or their substructures, are usually highly symmetric. (basicmedicalkey.com)

Virus diseases caused by the HERPESVIRIDAE. (lookformedical.com)

No virus-like particles have been reported for GRV but infected plants yield infective ssRNA. (microbiologyresearch.org)
A number of distinct begomoviruses have been shown to be associated with infected plants, all of which require a satellite component ( DNA ß) to induce symptoms in cotton. (bspp.org.uk)

The viruses associated with the CLCuD complex on the Indian subcontinent, five of which have been identified thus far, are all single component begomoviruses ( genus Begomovirus family Geminiviridae ). (bspp.org.uk)

some of whom like Gustavo Caetano-Anollés at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign go even further, asserting in Microbe magazine that "giant viruses not only existed at the same time as the LUCA of cellular life, they're direct descendants of the lineage that gave rise to it. (asmblog.org)
Mining the Global Ocean Sampling database searching for more giant viruses hinted that Mimiviruses had an extended seafaring family. (asmblog.org)
In their quest for giant viruses Claverie, Chantal Abergel and their collaborators at Aix-Marseille Université and the Université Joseph Fourier in Grenoble gather samples of sediment and pond water wherever they travel. (asmblog.org)

The clinical signs and symptoms are indistinguishable between the various forms of viral hepatitis, thus, the differential diagnosis requires serologic testing for a virus-specific diagnosis,[1, 2] and the diagnosis is by biochemical assessment of liver function. (medscape.com)

These structures could be developed into particles capable of targeting desired tissue types and releasing their cargo of drug molecules. (lbl.gov)

But sometimes a virus will enter a cell to find a particularly nasty shock: a viral tenant waiting specifically to prey on the incoming virus. (extension13.com)

The existence of many genes found only in the Mimiviridae as well as an associated virophage convinced Claverie, Brussaard and their collaborators that Pgv-16T shares a common ancestry with Mimivirus, Megavirus and CroV, until very recently the largest known double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses on the planet-a group that already has a known host range encompassing the earliest diverging branches of the domain Eukarya. (asmblog.org)
The coating triggers the plant to take the particles through the cell walls, where the genes are inserted and activated in a precise and controlled manner, without any toxic side or after effects. (isaaa.org)

The natural reservoir is the Egyptian rousette bat (ERB), which sheds virus in saliva, urine, and feces. (cdc.gov)

This £2.3 million venture employs shipboard observations and autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) to investigate the transformation of organic matter through interactions with particles and organisms. (hydro-international.com)

However, the predicted marine relatives of Mimivirus remained elusive until 2010 when the Cafeteria roenbergenis virus , CroV for short, was discovered infecting the flagellate grazer Cafeteria roenbergenis . (asmblog.org)
In other words, PgV-16T is a virus infected by another virus, something unheard of before a "sickly" mammoth Mimivirus called "Mamavirus" was diagnosed with "Sputniks" in 2008. (asmblog.org)

What is in the virus and in the Gates vaccine! (eindtijdnieuws.com)
Breaking news: Celeste Solum on what is in the virus and in the Gates vaccine! (eindtijdnieuws.com)

MiniFlayer was found in close association with a helper virus called bacteriophage MindFlayer that infects the Streptomyces bacterium. (extension13.com)

A general term for diseases produced by viruses. (lookformedical.com)
Transmission to be negative for rabies virus during the diseases case notification form (PR-7) to humans occurs through contact of 1980s. (who.int)

In my opinion, if the fecal-oral transmission is true, the toilet-borne viral cloud particles should be a source of the spread of COVID-19," corresponding author Ji-Xiang Wang, researcher at Yangzhou University, told UPI in an email. (upi.com)
Satellite data show a distinct ash cloud northeast of the volcano at a height of 8.2-8.7 km, which started to erupt on February 15. (sott.net)

In the case of virusoids, packaging and release are dependent on the presence of a helper virus in the same infected cell. (zxc.wiki)
They can be viewed as dependent viruses that are not able to multiply in a host cell on their own. (zxc.wiki)
The host cell then mainly produces the satellite instead of the virus. (zxc.wiki)
When replicating, the virus essentially commandeers the molecular factory of the cell to make lots of copies of itself, then breaks out of the cell to set the new copies free. (extension13.com)
If you need another virus to replicate, how do you guarantee that it makes it into the cell around the same time you do? (kashmirvision.in)
Finally, the Integrating Drivers of Atlantic Productivity (IDAPro) project employs a combination of ship-based, robotic and satellite platforms to enhance our understanding of phytoplankton productivity, the foundational single-cell organisms in the ocean responsible for substantial carbon storage. (hydro-international.com)
While in this form outside the cell, the virus is metabolically inert. (raptureready.com)
Specific molecular components of the cell capable of recognizing and interacting with a virus, and which, after binding it, are capable of generating some signal that initiates the chain of events leading to the biological response. (lookformedical.com)

In 2019, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) resulted in an estimated 820,000 and 290,000 deaths, respectively. (bvsalud.org)

Anatomy5

Organisms25

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Phenomena and Processes8

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Physics5

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Infection5

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