Sapphire aluminum oxide. Medical search. Frequent questions

Corundum is a crystalline form of aluminium oxide (Al2O3) typically containing traces of iron, titanium, vanadium, and chromium. (wikipedia.org)
It is a reactive metal that is challenging to separate from aluminum oxide, its source (Al2O3). (blogarama.com)
Chemically, sapphire is single crystal aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and is useful in a transmission range from UV to mid-infrared or 330 - 5500nm when uncoated. (edmundoptics.com)
Al2O3), the same chemical substance as sapphire and ruby (but without the impurities that give those gems their colour). (alkaway.com.au)
Corundum is an aluminum oxide mineral (Al2O3). (rockygems.com)

Corundum has two primary gem varieties: ruby and sapphire. (wikipedia.org)
The name "corundum" is derived from the Tamil-Dravidian word kurundam (ruby-sapphire) (appearing in Sanskrit as kuruvinda). (wikipedia.org)
Natural sapphire is a gemstone variety of the mineral corundum, a crystalline form of aluminum oxide. (networkworld.com)
A sapphire, the common name for the mineral corundum in its transparent blue form, sparkles. (nationalgeographic.com)
Rubies are formed of a mineral called corundum, comprised of aluminum oxide. (nationalgeographic.com)
Corundum also forms sapphire in many colors, which generally come from trace mixtures of iron, titanium, and chromium. (nationalgeographic.com)
Gem cut aluminum oxide (corundum). (theodoregray.com)
There are numerous different hues that corundum can be found in, but those colors are considered to be sapphires. (fashiongonerogue.com)
Corundum, a fine crystal form of aluminum oxide, makes several gemstones. (blogarama.com)
Aluminum oxide exists in several different crystallographic forms, of which corundum is most common. (britannica.com)
These impurities make corundum rocks some of the most valuable gems - ruby and sapphire. (edinst.com)
They were also believed to have properties of protection, bringing spiritual insight, and good fortune Sapphire is a deep stone that is a variety of corundum. (ebay.com.sg)
And blood red Rubies and brilliant blue Sapphires are actually both corundum , a crystalline form of aluminum oxide. (irocks.com)
Yellow sapphire (Pukhraj) is one of the most popular gemstones is belongs to corundum family. (gemfame.com)
Sapphire is a stone that falls under the category of Corundum. (theawesomesoul.com)
The gem varieties of Corundum are Ruby and Sapphire. (rockygems.com)
Naturally occurring Al 2 O 3 is called corundum, and is the foundational component of both rubies and sapphires, whose colour variations arise from impurities in the crystals. (lgcstandards.com)
Sapphire is a Corundum. (frugalrings.com)
The primary building block of Corundum is Aluminum Oxide. (frugalrings.com)

These are real rubies and sapphires purchased from http://www.pehnec.com in April 2002. (theodoregray.com)
Rubies and sapphires are crystalline, nearly pure varieties of alumina, coloured by small amounts of impurities. (britannica.com)
Synthetic rubies and sapphires are made commercially by fusing a mixture of high-purity aluminum oxide with colouring agents in an oxyhydrogen blowpipe flame. (britannica.com)
The media in this pre-filter is made from the same material as rubies and sapphires. (alkaway.com.au)

Rubies are red due to the presence of chromium, and sapphires exhibit a range of colors depending on what transition metal is present. (wikipedia.org)
In 1837, Marc Antoine Gaudin made the first synthetic rubies by reacting alumina at a high temperature with a small amount of chromium as a colourant. (wikipedia.org)
Recent studies have also observed that the passive oxide film formed on stainless steel consists primarily of chromium oxide (Cr 2 O 3 ) and iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ) as the inner and outer layers, respectively. (scirp.org)
Sapphires are the second most desired precious gemstone made of aluminum oxide and other chemicals like iron, chromium, and vanadium. (fashiongonerogue.com)
Cobalt produces blue sapphires, and chromium has red rubies when traces of other elements are present. (blogarama.com)
It consists of aluminum oxide with traces of iron, magnesium, chromium and titanium. (ebay.com.sg)
The red color is caused by traces of chromium replacing aluminum in the crystal structure. (rockygems.com)
To form colored sapphires, additives like Chromium or Boron can be utilized. (frugalrings.com)

Emeralds are formed of a mineral called beryl whose chemical formula is a complex mix of beryllium, aluminum, silicon, and oxygen. (nationalgeographic.com)

Secondly, it means overcoming a surprising problem: despite its hardness, synthetic sapphire can be prone to fracturing, at almost any point in this finishing process, due to impurities or to the presence of unresolved strains in the crystalline structure. (networkworld.com)

They are a crystalline form of aluminum oxide. (dandelife.com)

But for the buyers, it becomes stressful to choose between diamonds and sapphires. (dandelife.com)
No matter whether you are looking for a sapphire engagement ring or a ring with cushion cut diamonds , just make sure to first pick the right jeweler. (dandelife.com)
Yellow sapphires can also be cut in more ways than yellow diamonds, allowing for more creative possibilities. (ralphmueller.com)
Through their research, and the new guidelines they announced, the FTC confirmed the fact that man-made gems, like diamonds or sapphires, are in no way fake or of lesser quality than gems mined from the earth. (frugalrings.com)

Aluminum, primarily present in the form of insoluble aluminum hydroxide, significantly contributes to soil characteristics. (blogarama.com)
The hydrous forms of alumina, called aluminum hydroxide , may contain either one or three molecules of water. (britannica.com)
The alpha trihydroxide (gibbsite) and alpha oxide hydroxide (boehmite) occur in bauxite. (britannica.com)

Tabular alumina is aluminum oxide that has been heated to temperatures above 1,650 °C (3,000 °F). Composed of tabletlike crystals, it has high heat capacity and thermal conductivity as well as exceptional strength and volume stability at high temperatures. (britannica.com)
Hydration matters: The interaction patterns of water and oxide crystals revealed. (kanazawa-u.ac.jp)
In a study recently published in the journal Nanoscale, researchers from Kanazawa University and AGC Inc. use three-dimensional atomic force microscopy to study the hydrated form and structure of commonly occurring oxide crystals. (kanazawa-u.ac.jp)
While sapphire and quartz are oxide crystals used in a wide range of industrial applications, the atomic-scale structures of these materials are not well understood. (kanazawa-u.ac.jp)
Oxide crystals usually have hydroxyl (OH) groups, which are the main "water-binding" molecules, closely linked with the oxides. (kanazawa-u.ac.jp)
The crystals are some combination of garnet, sapphire, and maybe fluorite, which come from the bi-products of the reaction. (theodoregray.com)
Crystals can form because the reaction is so hot that it creates not only molten titanium but also molten aluminum oxide, molten calcium fluoride, not to mention molten flower pot if that's what you're running the reaction in. (theodoregray.com)
While its rareness, color, and hardness are what make sapphire so valuable as a gemstone, for alternative healers and others who study and collect crystals, the appeal of a sapphire lies in its energy and healing properties. (atwoodjewelers.com)
Crystal experts say that different colors in crystals in fact give completely different traits to stones, and it includes also Sapphires. (theawesomesoul.com)
Because they were seen as the crystals that are associated with the apocalypse, they have even said that Moisés carved the 10 commandments were said to be really made of Sapphire. (theawesomesoul.com)

Why Apple's sapphire plan is as hard as the mineral itself"] Like natural sapphire, the synthetic is incredibly hard and that hardness creates challenges for using it. (networkworld.com)
When the [sapphire] area is larger, with the increased hardness, it takes more aggressive abrasives to grind and polish it," says Jennifer Stone-Sunderberg, who has a Ph.D. in solid state chemistry and crystal growth, and now consults in this field as a managing director of Crystal Solutions of Portland, Ore. "It's time-consuming to polish something that hard. (networkworld.com)
Sapphire has been used in a variety of specialized applications for years, where its purity, clarity, high stable dielectric conductive properties, and high optical quality, along with its hardness, have made it worthwhile despite its relatively high price. (networkworld.com)
In this form, alumina has great chemical purity, extreme hardness (9 on the Mohs hardness scale, on which diamond is 10), high density, and a high melting point (slightly above 2,050 °C [3,700 °F]). It possesses good thermal conductivity , heat and shock resistance, and high electrical resistivity at elevated temperatures. (britannica.com)
Sapphire is part of the hexagonal crystal system and scores a 9 on the Mohs hardness scale. (ebay.com.sg)
TECHSPEC® Sapphire Windows are manufactured from single crystal sapphire, making them ideal for demanding applications (such as laser systems) because of their extreme surface hardness, high thermal conductivity, high dielectric constant and resistance to common chemical acids and alkalis. (edmundoptics.com)
The coating produced is extremely durable, and the hardness of the surface is comparable to a sapphire-the second hardest substance on earth. (linetec.com)

White Sapphire is a very rare semi-precious stone that's free of the trace elements that give other varieties of Sapphire their color. (frugalrings.com)

Ytterbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Yb:YAG) laser is one of the most promising laser-active materials that are more suitable for diode-pumping than the traditional Nd-doped systems. (azooptics.com)
Thulium-yttrium aluminum garnet (Tm:YAG) laser is used as a suitable means to produce high power laser emission from the 3F4 - 3F6 transition. (azooptics.com)
Neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) is a crystal that is commonly used as a lasing medium for solid-state lasers. (azooptics.com)

This Natural Yellow Sapphire (Pukhraj) is Gemstone which is Yellow Colour, it's Originates from Ceylon and its Exact Weight is 2.29ct the Measurements are 6.53×6.30×5.88mm. (gemfame.com)
This Natural Yellow Sapphire (Pukhraj) is Gemstone which is Yellow Colour, it's Originates from Ceylon and its Exact Weight is 2.89ct the Measurements are 9.67×7.15×4.38mm. (gemfame.com)
The history of this precious gemstone can be traced back to the old times of the Persian Empire when they reasoned that the sky was blue because of the reflection of the beautiful sapphire stones. (theawesomesoul.com)

ZnGa2O4 films and Al-doped ZnGa2O4 films were deposited on c-plane sapphire substrates using RF magnetron sputtering. (ncl.edu.tw)
Vanadium oxide nanomaterials dispersed in a polymeric matrix, substrates including the vanadium oxide nanomaterials dispersed in a polymeric matrix, and related methods of making vanadium oxide nanomaterials dispersed in a polymeric matrix are described. (justia.com)

Activated Alumina is not made from Aluminium. (alkaway.com.au)
Cartridges contain a synthetic aluminium oxide that is specially processed to have a minimum of fines and other foreign matter. (alkaway.com.au)
Alumina is the common name for the chemical compound aluminium oxide (Al 2 O 3 ). (lgcstandards.com)

Blue is the most common sapphire color, but overall the colors of this gem span a wide range. (ralphmueller.com)
Usually with sapphires, the cut is more crucial for light colors, as the cut determines the sparkle. (ralphmueller.com)
As with other gems, colors of sapphire stones can be enhanced in a lab. (ralphmueller.com)
But, not many people know that there are much more colors of Sapphire than blue which is the most famous. (theawesomesoul.com)

Activated alumina is a porous form of aluminum oxide from which much of the chemically combined water has been driven off at temperatures low enough to avoid sintering. (britannica.com)

We begin with particles of Aluminum oxide that transition into molten flows of translucent liquid. (behance.net)
This globular stuff is what happens if you pour molten aluminum into a deep bucket of water. (theodoregray.com)
The most recent advancement in aluminum technology is the creation of aluminum foam by mixing a compound (a metal hybrid) with molten aluminum that produces hydrogen gas. (blogarama.com)
Before doing this, the molten aluminum must be thickened, which is accomplished by adding silicon carbide or aluminum oxide fibers. (blogarama.com)
In still another application, an aluminous insulating material is formed by melting alumina and silica in an electric furnace and subjecting the molten mixture to high-velocity gases to produce fine white fibres. (britannica.com)

and dispersing the coated crystalline vanadium oxide nanomaterial in a polymeric matrix with the aid of a dispersant. (justia.com)
and a passivating layer coating at least a portion of the crystalline vanadium oxide core, wherein the crystalline vanadium oxide nanomaterial is dispersed in the polymeric matrix. (justia.com)

The Verneuil process allows the production of flawless single-crystal sapphire and ruby gems of much larger size than normally found in nature. (wikipedia.org)

In this work, the energy from a CO 2 laser was used to ablate three different materials, namely, stainless steel 304L, a thin film of amorphous aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), and pure silicon, due to their wide use in MEMS technology. (scirp.org)

The major chemical components of sapphire and quartz are aluminum oxide and silicon dioxide, respectively. (kanazawa-u.ac.jp)

Calcined alumina is aluminum oxide that has been heated at temperatures in excess of 1,050 °C (1,900 °F) to drive off nearly all chemically combined water. (britannica.com)
Lab-grown White Sapphire is chemically and optically identical to White Sapphire that's mined from the earth. (frugalrings.com)

This is because pure aluminum may easily create alloys with numerous other elements, including copper, zinc, and magnesium. (blogarama.com)
Spinel is magnesium aluminum oxide. (diamonds.net)

due to analytical interferences and difficulties in sample preparation, including dissolution of insoluble aluminum silicate species. (cdc.gov)

A rare type of sapphire, padparadscha sapphire, is pink-orange. (wikipedia.org)
We must mention one more stone called Padparadscha Sapphire, and it has a specific orange color that is almost pink. (theawesomesoul.com)

Aluminum trihydroxide is used extensively in the production of aluminum chemicals, such as aluminum sulfide, sodium aluminate, aluminum fluoride, and aluminum chloride hexahydrate. (britannica.com)
Used in conjunction with a KDF-based filter (already in the UltraStream) will filter any possible activated alumina eluted from the fluoride filter. (alkaway.com.au)
The filter contains specially processed Crystalline Activated Alumina to reduce fluoride in the source water. (alkaway.com.au)

The anodizing process, because it is an integral part of the substrate, produces an oxide film that is uniform, hard and protects the rest of the aluminum substrate from deterioration - providing excellent wear and abrasion resistance with minimal maintenance in most environments. (linetec.com)

While sapphires are found in a few locations around the world, these 'star' sapphires often originate in Sri Lanka. (nationalgeographic.com)

The metal cools and solidifies into synthetic Sapphire crystal, which is then painstakingly shaped into hundreds of precise parts. (behance.net)
Apple is creating its own supply chain devoted to producing and finishing synthetic sapphire crystal in unprecedented quantities. (networkworld.com)
The news triggered a frenzy of speculation that Apple planned to use sapphire crystal sheets to replace the glass currently used in touch displays for its 2014 iPhones, iPads or a new line of "wearables" such as the long-rumored iWatch, or all of the above. (networkworld.com)
Once the 253-pound "hockey puck" shaped sapphire boules emerge from the furnaces, they'll be shipped to Apple's supply chain partners in Asia, including Biel Crystal Manufactory and Lens One Technology Co., for slicing, polishing, laser cutting, coating and eventual assembly. (networkworld.com)
GTAT's ASF uses a variation of what's called the Czochralski process, combining the melting of aluminum oxide, a seed sapphire crystal, and heat extraction to crystalize the alumina melt. (networkworld.com)
Femtosecond lasers are still prohibitive in cost, in part due to the sapphire crystal at their heart. (extremetech.com)
A video created last year has been discovered which shows how a iPhone Sapphire Crystal screen fares when scratch tested with a heavy concrete block, giving you some idea on just how hardy this new glass actually is. (geeky-gadgets.com)
But sapphire screens would ideally consist of a single crystal of aluminum oxide. (geeky-gadgets.com)
Sapphire is an anisotropic, rhombohedral crystal form of Aluminum Oxide. (azooptics.com)
When the interaction force of these oxides for water was subsequently measured, it was found that a greater force was required to break the water-crystal bonds in sapphire than in α-quartz. (kanazawa-u.ac.jp)
Sapphire is the second hardest crystal next to diamond and, because of their structural strength, sapphire windows can be made much thinner than other common windows with improved transmittance. (edmundoptics.com)
Orange Sapphire oozes life energy and is a powerful crystal for improving sexual exuberance and lust, and improving fertility. (theawesomesoul.com)

Some castable refractories are made in the form of mortars, usually tabular alumina with calcium aluminate cement as a binder. (britannica.com)

Activated alumina is used in oil, chemical, and petrochemical industries as a dehydration agent and purifier in the manufacture of gasoline, petrochemicals, natural gas , and hydrogen peroxide . (britannica.com)
This study showed that the hydration structures of oxides are dependent on the location and density of OH groups, in addition to the hydrogen bonding (the chemical bond used to bind to water) strength of the OH groups. (kanazawa-u.ac.jp)

Anodizing is the process of electrochemically controlling, accelerating and enhancing oxidation of an aluminum substrate. (linetec.com)

iron and titanium create the prized cornflower blue of a true sapphire. (networkworld.com)
But blue sapphires' engagement rings are most desirable. (dandelife.com)
Blue sapphires signified the height of celestial faith and hope in the ancient and medieval worlds. (ebay.com.sg)
The word sapphire comes from the Greek word sappheiros meaning 'blue color. (atwoodjewelers.com)
The Blue sapphire is regarded as a stone of mental focus and order, inner vision, and psychic awareness. (atwoodjewelers.com)
In its healing uses, sapphire is sometimes compared to lapis lazuli , as both stones evoke the power of the deeply mysterious blue color. (atwoodjewelers.com)
The rare orange-pink variety, known as Padparadschah , can be even more valuable than fine blue Sapphire. (atwoodjewelers.com)
Blue Sapphire is sometimes carved into cameos or small figures, especially the less transparent material. (atwoodjewelers.com)
A miniature oval stone in our acclaimed Arctic Fox sapphire ceramic blend, this icy blue stone will bring an edge to a hazy mirror finish that easily shaves. (byxco.com)
The name Sapphire is from the Latin word meaning blue. (gemfame.com)
But even blue sapphires have only a trace amount of iron. (ralphmueller.com)
If you love sapphire, yellow is usually more affordable than blue or pink. (ralphmueller.com)
The most common associations regarding the most beautiful stones there are Sapphires, is their notorious blue color. (theawesomesoul.com)
Boron, could be used to form a blue sapphire. (frugalrings.com)

Aluminum, a member of the poor metal family of elements, is a silvery, ductile element typically found as ore bauxite. (blogarama.com)

The relative level of uptake depends on the route of exposure to aluminum and its form. (cdc.gov)

These saltwater fishing rods boast graphite and stainless steel frame Aluminum Oxide ring guides, epoxy coated double thread wraps and textured shrink vinyl grips. (artstacklenfly.com)

This 2.29ct Natural Yellow Sapphire (Pukhraj) Gem is Available for Ready to Ship Anywhere in The World. (gemfame.com)
The best quality of yellow sapphire found in Srilanka. (gemfame.com)
Yellow sapphire stones stand out as unique, which gives them extra special meaning for engagement rings. (ralphmueller.com)
People who practice meditation link yellow sapphire stones to relaxation. (ralphmueller.com)
Due to the rising interest in yellow sapphire stones, they have increasingly appeared as center stones for engagement rings. (ralphmueller.com)
The value of yellow sapphire stones increases with brightness. (ralphmueller.com)
A natural yellow sapphire owes its color to trace elements of iron. (ralphmueller.com)
If you decide to buy yellow sapphire stones from a jeweler, be sure to request viewing documentation to confirm their authenticity. (ralphmueller.com)
Think about yellow sapphire stones the next time you have a craving for unique jewelry. (ralphmueller.com)

Some buyers choose traditional diamond engagement rings while others choose vintage or sapphire engagement rings. (dandelife.com)
Some common points of difference between diamond and sapphire engagement rings are mentioned below. (dandelife.com)
But on the other side, sapphire engagement rings are usually preferred by those who have a particular interest in them. (dandelife.com)
No doubt sapphire engagement rings are very beautiful and charming but are less attractive than diamond engagement rings. (dandelife.com)
While on the other side, sapphire engagement rings include sapphires that are formed during the transformation as well as the cooling process of igneous rock. (dandelife.com)
Many women avoid sapphire engagement rings just because they do not go perfectly with all the outfits. (dandelife.com)
Because it evokes the energy of loyalty, honesty, and devotion, the sapphire is often used in the design of engagement rings and romantic jewelry. (atwoodjewelers.com)

The SWNTs aligned along the specific crystalline directions corresponding to the anisotropic pseudo-1D array of Al atoms on the sapphire surface. (wright.edu)

If you're a fan of color, sapphires are a stylish option for jewelry. (fashiongonerogue.com)
Iron traces give topaz, an aluminum silicate, a golden color. (blogarama.com)
When most people hear the word 'sapphire,' yellow usually isn't the first color they visualize. (ralphmueller.com)
Sapphires of any color are traditionally associated with peace and prosperity. (ralphmueller.com)
We must say that once upon a time, this Orange Sapphire was not regarded as popular or valuable, but it is a rare stone with the most wonderful color, and this is the reason why it is very popular nowadays. (theawesomesoul.com)
We must also add that this type of Sapphire was not seen as valuable in the past, but nowadays it is becoming more and more popular, precisely thanks to its color. (theawesomesoul.com)

The actual anodizing and coloring of the aluminum occur in separate steps of the process. (linetec.com)
Human exposure to aluminum may occur through different routes such as ingestion, dermal absorption, and inhalation. (cdc.gov)

Many aluminum compounds are poorly soluble, so total aluminum uptake from the digestive tract can be low. (cdc.gov)
but whether aluminum compounds may be absorbed via the oral cavity has not been determined. (cdc.gov)
some soluble aluminum compounds may be absorbed in lung tissue. (cdc.gov)

Synthetic sapphire is colorless, unless deliberately colored. (networkworld.com)

Great they used Sapphire for the wafer as it will conduct heat well when mounted to a heat sink. (candlepowerforums.com)

Alumina thin films have attracted a lot of interest because of their physical and chemical properties. (scirp.org)
This combination of properties makes calcined alumina useful in abrasives, glass, porcelains, spark plugs, and electrical insulators, but the greatest quantity of calcined alumina is used to obtain aluminum. (britannica.com)
Thus, a thorough knowledge of the water-binding properties of these oxides is important for further innovative applications. (kanazawa-u.ac.jp)

These conditions may only affect the surface finish and not reduce the service life of the aluminum, but mortar, cement, and other alkaline materials will quickly corrode an anodize finish if allowed to dry on the metal surface. (linetec.com)

Experimental results showed that the Ostwald ripening rate of the catalyst nanoparticles is higher for the A- face than the C- face sapphire. (wright.edu)

In 1847, J. J. Ebelmen made white synthetic sapphires by reacting alumina in boric acid. (wikipedia.org)
It is a visual celebration of the highly technical 10-year development process behind the timepiece, which has a case and bracelet made entirely from sapphire. (behance.net)
In addition to being critical in the aerospace sector, structural components made of aluminum are also vital in other fields of building and transportation where strength, durability, and lightweight are required. (blogarama.com)
Buildings made of Aluminum. (blogarama.com)
I want you to feel informed and ready as you shop, and compare, mined and man-made White Sapphire, so I'll share helpful information and concepts related to cultured sapphire below. (frugalrings.com)

As seen here, some sapphires, when cut to a convex shape, exhibit a striking six-pointed star in direct sunlight. (nationalgeographic.com)

The American Chemical Society debated the matter in 1925 and ultimately chose to continue with aluminum because it was the popular term in the United States. (blogarama.com)

Class I coating is a high performance anodic finish used primarily for exterior building products and other aluminum that must withstand continuous weathering and outdoor exposure. (linetec.com)

Although aluminum is still more expensive than iron/steel, it is often used in place of cast iron because it is much easier to cast, and because the resulting pieces are much easier to lift. (theodoregray.com)
Although you might say that cast aluminum benches, lamp posts, etc, are "imitation", it's hard to think of a single way in which they are not superior to the iron originals. (theodoregray.com)
It oxidizes quickly, and its oxide is an exceptionally stable molecule that, unlike rust on iron, does not flake off, making it one of the hardest metals on Earth to purify. (blogarama.com)

It is notable for its oxidation resistance (although aluminum is virtually always already oxidized), strength, and lightweight, unlike other metals. (blogarama.com)

One of the most sought after shades of yellow for sapphire is medium vibrant canary, which is on the brighter side. (ralphmueller.com)

Organisms3

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs13

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment15

Phenomena and Processes6

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture5

Health Care1

Al2O35

Corundum19

Rubies and sapphires4

Chromium8

Emeralds1

Impurities1

Crystalline form1

Diamonds4

Hydroxide3

Crystals10

Hardness7

Varieties1

Yttrium alumin3

Gemstone3

Substrates2

Aluminium3

Colors4

Porous1

Molten5

Vanadium2

Gems1

Amorphous1

Silicon1

Chemically2

Magnesium2

Insoluble aluminum1

Padparadscha sapphire2

Fluoride3

Produces1

Originate1

Crystal12

Calcium1

Hydrogen2

Substrate1

Blue14

Bauxite1

Form1

Stainless steel1

Yellow Sapphire9

Engagement rings7

Anisotropic1

Color6

Occur2

Compounds3

Colorless1

Wafer1

Properties3

Cement1

Nanoparticles1

Made5

Exhibit1

Chemical1

Primarily1

Iron3

Resistance1

Shades1