• Symptoms of sapovirus are very similar to those of norovirus. (wikipedia.org)
  • The HuCaT tool was validated with a set of 1310 norovirus and 239 sapovirus sequences covering all known human norovirus and sapovirus genotypes. (cdc.gov)
  • The family Caliciviridae consists of a genetically diverse group of typing of norovirus, short nucleotide regions at the 5'-end of the capsid single-stranded RNA viruses that can be divided into 10 genera [ 1 ]. (cdc.gov)
  • In this paper, we describe the development and evaluation of an forces that drive norovirus evolution [ 9 , 10 ] and most frequently occur alternative web-based tool, Human Calicivirus Typing (HuCaT) tool for at the junction of the RdRp (polymerase) and VP1 (capsid) encoding typing of human norovirus and sapovirus sequences. (cdc.gov)
  • Typing Tool, it uses the most recent norovirus and sapovirus reference arrangement of the pair. (cdc.gov)
  • For seawater, 10 L was filtered, viruses were sapovirus (SaV), norovirus (NoV), rabbit hemorrhagic dis- absorbed to a filter (type HA negatively charged mem- ease virus, and feline calicivirus strains, respectively. (cdc.gov)
  • The most prevalent NoVs genotype was GII.4 (73.6%, 162/220) during 2012 to 2017 among the capsid genotypes. (researchsquare.com)
  • According to genetic analysis of RdRp and capsid sequences, the strains were clustered into 19 RdRp/capsid genotypes, and 12 of them were discordant RdRp and capsid genotypes, such as GII.Pe/GII.4-Sydney_2012, GII.P12/GII.3, GII.P7/GII.6, GII.Pe/GII.3, GII.P16/GII.2. (researchsquare.com)
  • In contrast, porcine sapovirus (PoSaV) causes diarrhea in swine and can be propagated in culture in the presence of bile acids ( Flynn and Saif, 1988 ), providing an animal model of calicivirus gastroenteritis. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • Here, we determined the entry mechanism of porcine sapovirus (PSaV) strain Cowden into permissive LLC-PK cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • All the samples were analyzed by conventional reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for genogroup II targeting both the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and partial capsid genes. (researchsquare.com)
  • Four of the five groups (GI, GII, GIV, GV) can infect humans and these four groups correspond to the four antigenically distinct strains of sapovirus: Sapporo, Houston, London, and Stockholm. (wikipedia.org)
  • Phylogenetic analysis of the viral capsid gene grouped wastewater, 1 L was centrifuged for 15 min at 9,000 × g these strains into 4 genetic clusters. (cdc.gov)
  • Sapovirus' genome is organized into two (possibly three) well-known open reading frames (ORFs). (wikipedia.org)
  • In their replication cycle, viruses must generate a protective shell (or capsid) to ferry their genome between hosts. (gla.ac.uk)
  • ORF1 encodes for nonstructural proteins and for VP1, the main capsid protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • The fact that many viruses generate their capsids from only one or two protein species makes them all the more remarkable. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Sapovirus is a non-enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus about 7.7kb in size. (wikipedia.org)
  • however, studies of sapovirus prevalence, genetic diversity, and strain-specific clinical implications have been scarce. (bvsalud.org)
  • We describe the genetic diversity of sapovirus (SaV) in children in Nicaragua and investigate the role of host genetic factors and susceptibility to SaV infections. (cdc.gov)
  • Viruses attain this level of economy by assembling their capsids in a highly symmetrical manner making these structures not only scientifically interesting but also beautiful. (gla.ac.uk)
  • The rotavirus is a member of the Reoviridae family of viruses and contains double-stranded RNA enclosed by a double-shelled outer layer (capsid). (medicinenet.com)
  • Reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) is the most commonly used detection tool for sapovirus because of its broad reactivity, sensitivity, speed, and specificity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sapovirus has a typical "Star community. (cdc.gov)
  • Sapovirus in ent locations) (Figure 1). (cdc.gov)
  • SaV strains are divided into five genogroups (GI-GV) based on their capsid (VP1) sequences. (nih.gov)
  • Sapovirus is divided into 5 genogroups, among which only genogroups I, II, IV, and V are known to infect humans ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Recombination occurred only in sapovirus genogroup II, which is more capable of recombination than other genogroups ( 8 , 9 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Sapoviruses were genotyped by sequence analysis of the capsid gene ( 11 ). (cdc.gov)
  • [ 42 , 43 , 44 ] Sapovirus infections occur mostly in children less than 5 years of age, although it has been suggested that a subset of Sapoviruses may be associated with disease in all age groups. (medscape.com)
  • Of these, 71% were caused by sapovirus genogroup IV and 66% occurred in long-term care facilities. (cdc.gov)
  • HU/5862/Osaka/JP clustered into the genogroup I genotype 8 (GI/8 the 8/DCC/Tokyo/JP/44 cluster) ( Figure ) by using the recent sapovirus capsid region classification ( 7 ). (cdc.gov)
  • But now, sapovirus outbreaks are occurring among elderly residents of long-term care and similar facilities. (cdc.gov)
  • 21 outbreaks were caused by sapovirus. (cdc.gov)
  • After sapovirus RT-PCR was developed ( 6 ), sapovirus outbreaks were discovered in LTCFs and other settings populated by adults ( 7 - 9 ). (cdc.gov)
  • This report describes sapovirus outbreaks in Oregon and Minnesota, USA, during 2002-2009. (cdc.gov)
  • Sapovirus cannot be treated with antibiotics because it is not a bacterial infection. (wikipedia.org)
  • Even though many molecular epidemiologic studies on sapovirus infection have been performed worldwide, reports documenting recombination in sapovirus are still limited. (cdc.gov)
  • Reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) is the most commonly used detection tool for sapovirus because of its broad reactivity, sensitivity, speed, and specificity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Historically, sapovirus has been associated with gastrointestinal illness in children living in group settings such as hospitals, shelters, or refugee camps. (cdc.gov)