• Goßner, M.M. , Weisser, W.W. & Sybille Unsicker, S.: Experimentally induced herbivory on beech saplings- do insects respond to emitted volatile compounds? (loricula.de)
  • We found that beech saplings were more repelled from large conspecifics than large heterospecifics, despite the fact that beech seedling density was positively correlated with beech basal area. (springeropen.com)
  • Without this conspecific suppression, a dense layer of shade-tolerant beech saplings could form beneath adult beech trees. (springeropen.com)
  • Conclusions Plantinsect interactions influence reforestation through growth-limiting herbivore pressure on seedlings, and this herbivory is likely facilitated by reforestation methods that favour monocultures of fast-growing species that lack strong antiherbivore defences. (mpg.de)
  • Jackson R.V., Bach C.E., Effects of herbivory on growth and survival of seedlings of a rainforest tree, Alphitonia whitei (Rhamnaceae), Aust. (afs-journal.org)
  • We examined the heterogeneity of deer herbivory as it affects sapling densities across a single forest-type landscape on the Cumberland Plateau. (evanslab.org)
  • Our model predicted that plateau accessibility measures best determined sapling densities, followed by distance from edge and deer culling measures. (evanslab.org)
  • Nonetheless, the discrepancy between beech seedling and sapling densities beneath adult conspecifics suggests that beech seedling survival rates were reduced in vicinity of conspecific adults. (springeropen.com)
  • Deer Exclosure Monitoring Sapling Data for Mohonk Preserve is licensed under a Creative Commons CC BY-NC-SA - Attribution, Non-commercial, Share alike 4.0 International License . (uvm.edu)
  • Data collected on saplings in paired exclosed and unexclosed plots at Mohonk Preserve. (uvm.edu)
  • Ferreri, Catherine, Megan Napoli, Mike Vivirito (2017) Deer Exclosure Monitoring Sapling Data for Mohonk Preserve. (uvm.edu)
  • Dispensing a Synthetic Green Leaf Volatile to Two Plant Species in a Common Garden Differentially Alters Physiological Responses and Herbivory. (arizona.edu)
  • Identification and characterization of trans-isopentenyl diphosphate synthases involved in herbivory-induced volatile terpene formation in Populus trichocarpa. (mpg.de)
  • Most tree saplings over 20 cm tall were browsed by white-tailed deer during winter. (nau.edu)
  • Early insect herbivores were mandibulate and bit or chewed vegetation, but the evolution of vascular plants lead to the co-evolution of other forms of herbivory, such as sap-sucking, leaf mining, gall forming and nectar-feeding. (wikipedia.org)
  • Methods This study directly evaluates the effects of herbivory on seedling growth and the role of two putative plant defences, saponins and leaf toughness, in limiting herbivory in reforestation. (mpg.de)
  • For example, leaf toughness, which is an effective defence against many herbivores, was negatively related to herbivory at multiple time periods. (mpg.de)
  • Thus, shading reduces the rate of growth , number of tillers, and ability to replace leaf area lost to herbivory for B. tectorum. (green-infos.com)
  • Tree growth (stem diameter, plant height and crown expansion) and herbivory (percentage leaf loss due to leaf chewers) were monitored annually from 2011 to 2013. (integrativebiology.ac.cn)
  • Sclerocarya birrea (the specimens here were suppressed saplings, more numerous than in the woody vegetation on basalt, and invariably in fresh leaf here in the relatively treeless vegetation). (inaturalist.org)
  • Even a suppressed 'sapling', only 1 m High, of C. imberbe (observed in plot 2), was in leaf, not bare. (inaturalist.org)
  • In the late 1980s, Lang ( 1988 ) surveyed hardwood-rangeland resource professionals and nearly 60% cited cattle herbivory as significantly limiting oak recruitment. (ucanr.edu)
  • Enhance current and future species diversity and structural complexity by ensuring successful tree recruitment into sapling/small tree size classes currently absent from the stand. (umn.edu)
  • Historically the stand was likely a white pine-red pine mixed conifer forest, but high herbivory has nearly eliminated pine recruitment and dense brush fills in the gaps created by tree mortality. (umn.edu)
  • This study demonstrates the potential for reducing herbivory and improving sapling growth by reforesting with polycultures of fast-growing and well-defended species. (mpg.de)
  • However, saplings of other canopy tree species were also repelled from adult beech trees, suggesting a general suppressive effect. (springeropen.com)
  • Lastly, imported invasive plants like multiflora rose ( Rosa multiflora ) outcompete analogous native species which hinders regrowth of native plants, and deer herbivory due to an ahistorical abundance of deer means that successful native regrowth gets eaten before maturity. (brandywine.org)
  • Important findings Species differed from each other in biomass, growth rate, herbivory and survival (P (integrativebiology.ac.cn)
  • Here, we studied the relative importance of species diversity and seed family (SF) diversity within species for growth and herbivory in experimental subtropical tree assemblages. (integrativebiology.ac.cn)
  • Important findings Tree species richness promoted growth but had no effect on herbivory. (integrativebiology.ac.cn)
  • In contrast, SF diversity reduced growth and increased herbivory but only so in species mixtures. (integrativebiology.ac.cn)
  • Plant defense against herbivory or host-plant resistance (HPR) is a range of adaptations evolved by plants which improve their survival and reproduction by reducing the impact of herbivores. (wikipedia.org)
  • Another approach diverts herbivores toward eating non-essential parts or enhances the ability of a plant to recover from the damage caused by herbivory. (wikipedia.org)
  • Browsing herbivores directly limit sapling height, while grazing herbivores such as cattle facilitate sapling growth indirectly via grass removal. (ac.ke)
  • however, herbivory, and therefore the need for plant defenses, undoubtedly evolved among aquatic organisms in ancient lakes and oceans. (wikipedia.org)
  • Patterns of herbivory varied through time, resulting in changes in the importance of plant defences. (mpg.de)
  • Deer distribution and resulting herbivory patterns are variable across a landscape due to habitat patchiness and topography. (evanslab.org)
  • We used bivariate point pattern analyses to examine spatial relationships between large beech trees and conspecific saplings, and we also contrasted these patterns with comparable patterns for heterospecifics. (springeropen.com)
  • Questions Can the growth of saplings be improved by limiting herbivory during reforestation? (mpg.de)
  • Can chemical ecology and diverse planting designs be applied to decrease herbivory in tropical reforestation? (mpg.de)
  • In this study, seedling growth and herbivory were monitored during the first 4 years of plot development in a large-scale reforestation experiment in Brazil's Atlantic Rainforest (Mata Atlantica). (yale.edu)
  • A visual technique used by citizen scientists shows higher herbivory in understory vs. canopy leaves of a tropical forest. (arizona.edu)
  • Growth and herbivory were measured every 6 mo during the first 2 yr of plot development and again after 5 yr of growth. (mpg.de)
  • Herbivory was negatively related to sapling growth, and damage during the first 6 mo of plot establishment decreased growth even after 5 yr. (mpg.de)
  • All individuals whose growth habits are designated as "tree" by the New York Flora Atlas, who are between 0.5 and 2 m tall with at least 50% of their stem(s) emerging from the ground inside of the plot will be evaluated in the sapling layer the year of exclosure installation and every 5 years afterwards. (uvm.edu)
  • Removal of herbaceous vegetation around oak saplings resulted in a significant increase in stem diameter growth. (nau.edu)
  • Although cover of woody plants is positively correlated with soil nitrogen, fertilization did not increase growth of oak saplings. (nau.edu)
  • Nutrient-poor soils, slow growth rates, herbivory, and climatic factors all probably contribute to the slow invasion of Cedar Creek old fields by trees, and the extended period during which herbaceous plants dominate old field succession at Cedar Creek. (nau.edu)
  • We measured plant survival, growth rate, final biomass and herbivory 20 months after sowing. (integrativebiology.ac.cn)
  • Production of constitutive and induced secondary metabolites is coordinated with growth and storage in Norway spruce saplings. (mpg.de)
  • The intensity of deer herbivory on saplings varied, with the fewest saplings in forests surrounded by residential development. (evanslab.org)
  • A corner of origin was identified (to facilitate locating trees, saplings, etc. in the following years using a grid system). (uvm.edu)
  • It is poorly understood how features associated with topography control deer herbivory. (evanslab.org)
  • We examined the spatial variability of deer impacts on sapling density and modeled the relative importance of plateau accessibility features related to topography, proximity to edge, and deer culling as predictors of sapling variation. (evanslab.org)
  • We used a stratified random design to sample sapling density across the landscape in 2012 and 2015. (evanslab.org)
  • 2015) presents values for the wood density of Dichrostachys cinerea ( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichrostachys_cinerea ). (gob.cl)
  • 1. Savanna tree cover is dynamic due to disturbances such as fire and herbivory. (ac.ke)
  • Frequent fires can limit a key demographic transition from sapling to adult height classes in savanna trees. (ac.ke)
  • Experimental studies investigating how meso-wildlife, megaherbivores and domestic livestock affect height of resprouts following fire are rare, but necessary for fully understanding how herbivory may reinforce (or counteract) the fire trap. (ac.ke)
  • The understory typically consists of trees stunted through lack of light, other small trees with low light requirements, saplings, shrubs , vines and undergrowth. (green-infos.com)
  • Populus and Paulownia ( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paulownia ) are extremely light-wooded trees, growing extremely rapidly, and useful as plantations. (gob.cl)
  • Eucalyptus has a pattern, which I noticed many years ago when cutting down saplings in my garden, of having soft wood in the saplings despite the hard wood in the fully-formed mature stems. (gob.cl)
  • It reaches the winter-rainfall area in Namaqualand ( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namaqualand ), and the small enclaves of karoo vegetation at Worcester ( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worcester,_South_Africa ) and Montagu ( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montagu,_South_Africa ), where it broadly overlaps with Microhodotermes (see below). (inaturalist.org)
  • Weltzin J.E., Archer S.R., Heitschmidt R.K., Defoliation and woody plant ( Prosopis glandulosa ) seedling regeneration: potential vs. realized herbivory tolerance, Plant Ecol. (afs-journal.org)
  • Saplings only rarely escape the cycle by attaining a fire-resistant height (e.g. taller than the minimum scorch height) during fire-free intervals. (ac.ke)
  • The subterranean location of the hives, with no clue at the surface, protects H. mossambicus from predation by large myrmecophages ( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myrmecophagy ). (inaturalist.org)
  • Saplings may be caught in a 'fire trap', wherein individuals repeatedly resprout following fire top-kill events. (ac.ke)
  • Long thought to be a Mesozoic phenomenon, evidence for herbivory is found almost as soon as fossils can show it. (wikipedia.org)
  • Our results suggest that herbivory impacts may not be homogeneous in a contiguous uniform landscape if there are topographic barriers. (evanslab.org)