LimbRegenerateTailProliferationRemarkableTissuesLimbsBiologyAmputationTissueProcessesProcessTypesDamageTail regenerationEstablishing in vitroDifferentiationVivoOrganoidsMammalianSubsetsPopulationsImmune cellsMolecularStem cellsCellular processesHumansMechanismsStructuresApproachesResponseFormationResultsStateExpression
Limb4
- After the limb or tail has been autotomized, cells move into action and the tissues will regenerate. (wikipedia.org)
- The whole limb of a salamander or a triton will grow again and again after amputation. (wikipedia.org)
- Here we review recent insights into the biophysical, biochemical, and epigenetic processes that underlie regenerative healing in amphibians, focusing particularly on tail and limb regeneration in Xenopus . (frontiersin.org)
- Elegant experiments using heat-shock inducible expression of inhibitory proteins have further refined these observations to establish epistatic relationships, in which BMP acts upstream of Wnt, which in turn acts upstream of FGF during regeneration of the limb bud and tail ( Lin and Slack, 2008 ). (frontiersin.org)
Regenerate3
- In reptiles, chelonians, crocodilians and snakes are unable to regenerate lost parts, but many (not all) kinds of lizards, geckos and iguanas possess regeneration capacity in a high degree. (wikipedia.org)
- Neural cells, for example, express growth-associated proteins, such as GAP-43, tubulin, actin, an array of novel neuropeptides, and cytokines that induce a cellular physiological response to regenerate from the damage. (wikipedia.org)
- Salamanders have the ability to regenerate entire limbs after amputation. (lu.se)
Tail2
- Limited regeneration of limbs occurs in most fishes and salamanders, and tail regeneration takes place in larval frogs and toads (but not adults). (wikipedia.org)
- Appendage regeneration, particularly of the tadpole tail, has been widely studied before, during and after this period. (frontiersin.org)
Proliferation2
- At its most elementary level, regeneration is mediated by the molecular processes of gene regulation and involves the cellular processes of cell proliferation, morphogenesis and cell differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
- In both processes, rapid proliferation gives rise to new tissue, cell fate has to be specified within that tissue, and distinct positional identities have to be established to generate a properly patterned structure. (frontiersin.org)
Remarkable2
- Echinoderms (such as the sea star), crayfish, many reptiles, and amphibians exhibit remarkable examples of tissue regeneration. (wikipedia.org)
- This will lead to an understanding of how the immune systems is able to promote remarkable feats of regeneration. (lu.se)
Tissues5
- Strategies include the rearrangement of pre-existing tissue, the use of adult somatic stem cells and the dedifferentiation and/or transdifferentiation of cells, and more than one mode can operate in different tissues of the same animal. (wikipedia.org)
- 873 During the developmental process, genes are activated that serve to modify the properties of cell as they differentiate into different tissues. (wikipedia.org)
- Dedifferentiation of cells means that they lose their tissue-specific characteristics as tissues remodel during the regeneration process. (wikipedia.org)
- Inspired from developmental processes, human mesenchymal cell lines can be programmed to form cartilage, bone and bone marrow tissues in vitro and in vivo. (lu.se)
- Therefore, we propose that damage to and subsequent release of mtDNA elicits a protective signalling response that enhances nDNA repair in cells and tissues, suggesting that mtDNA is a genotoxic stress sentinel. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Limbs1
- salamanders and newts), an order of tailed amphibians, is possibly the most adept vertebrate group at regeneration, given their capability of regenerating limbs, tails, jaws, eyes and a variety of internal structures. (wikipedia.org)
Biology2
- In biology, regeneration is the process of renewal, restoration, and tissue growth that makes genomes, cells, organisms, and ecosystems resilient to natural fluctuations or events that cause disturbance or damage. (wikipedia.org)
- Regeneration in biology, however, mainly refers to the morphogenic processes that characterize the phenotypic plasticity of traits allowing multi-cellular organisms to repair and maintain the integrity of their physiological and morphological states. (wikipedia.org)
Amputation1
- This process relies on the formation of a blastema, a pool of progenitor cells that is formed in response to amputation. (lu.se)
Tissue4
- Regeneration can either be complete where the new tissue is the same as the lost tissue, or incomplete after which the necrotic tissue becomes fibrosis. (wikipedia.org)
- This should not be confused with the transdifferentiation of cells which is when they lose their tissue-specific characteristics during the regeneration process, and then re-differentiate to a different kind of cell. (wikipedia.org)
- It is well-established that early embryonic signaling pathways are critical for growth and patterning of new tissue during regeneration. (frontiersin.org)
- The regeneration of a tissue intuitively recapitulates aspects of its embryonic development. (frontiersin.org)
Processes2
- Above the genetic level, regeneration is fundamentally regulated by asexual cellular processes. (wikipedia.org)
- We know that innate immune cells are required for blastema progenitor cell formation, but are lacking an understanding of the immune cell processes and functions that are required for inducing and maintaining these progenitors cells. (lu.se)
Process2
- The new growth of seedlings and community assembly process is known as regeneration in ecology. (wikipedia.org)
- Our objective is to identify the cells and factors that are essential in the engineering process. (lu.se)
Types1
- Thousands of copies of the circular mtDNA are present in most cell types that are packaged by TFAM into higher-order structures called nucleoids1. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Damage2
- Pattern formation in the morphogenesis of an animal is regulated by genetic induction factors that put cells to work after damage has occurred. (wikipedia.org)
- In cultured primary fibroblasts and cancer cells, the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin causes mtDNA damage and release, which leads to cGAS STING dependent ISG activation. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Tail regeneration6
- Limited regeneration of limbs occurs in most fishes and salamanders, and tail regeneration takes place in larval frogs and toads (but not adults). (wikipedia.org)
- 1) Background: Lizard tail regeneration provides a unique model of blastema-based tissue regeneration for large-scale appendage replacement in amniotes. (bvsalud.org)
- Organoid cultures expressed FCTC marker CDH11 and produced cartilage in response to hedgehog signaling in vitro, mimicking in vivo blastema and tail regeneration. (bvsalud.org)
- NSCs were isolated from parthenogenetic lizard embryos, rendered unresponsive to Hedgehog signaling via CRISPR/Cas9 gene knockout of smoothened (Smo), and implanted back into clonally-identical adults to regulate tail regeneration. (bvsalud.org)
- Lizards are the closest relatives of mammals capable of tail regeneration, but the specific determinants of amniote regenerative capabilities are currently unknown. (bvsalud.org)
- We hypothesize that macrophages regulate the process of lizard tail regeneration, and that comparisons with mammalian cell populations will yield insight into the role phagocytes play in determining an organism's regenerative potential. (bvsalud.org)
Establishing in vitro1
- This project will delve into innate immune cell function, establishing in vitro and in vivo systems test innate immune cell function in regeneration. (lu.se)
Differentiation2
- At its most elementary level, regeneration is mediated by the molecular processes of gene regulation and involves the cellular processes of cell proliferation, morphogenesis and cell differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
- Regenerated lizard tails form ependymal tubes (ETs) that, like embryonic tail neural tubes (NTs), induce cartilage differentiation in surrounding cells via sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling. (bvsalud.org)
Vivo4
- Inspired from developmental processes, human mesenchymal cell lines can be programmed to form cartilage, bone and bone marrow tissues in vitro and in vivo. (lu.se)
- 4) Conclusions: Lizard tail blastema regeneration can be modeled in vitro using micromass organoid culture, recapitulating in vivo FCTC marker expression patterns and chondrogenic potential. (bvsalud.org)
- In vivo delivery of TK-NTR and administration of prodrugs led to the effective killing of both targeted cells and surrounding tumor cells via TK-NTR-mediated conversion of co-delivered prodrugs into active cytotoxic agents. (regenerativemedicine.net)
- In vivo evaluation of the bystander effect in mouse models demonstrated that for effective therapy, at least 1% of tumor cells need to be delivered with TK-NTR-encoding MCs. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Organoids1
- 3) Results: Using an optimized serum-free media and a trypsin- and collagenase II-based dissociation protocol, micromass blastema organoids were formed. (bvsalud.org)
Mammalian1
- It focuses on established models of mammalian regeneration as well as on models in which regenerative abilities do not decline with age, as these can deliver valuable insights for our understanding of the interplay between regeneration and aging. (mdpi.com)
Subsets1
- Pseudotime trajectory analyses suggest spp1+-activated fibroblasts as blastema cell sources, with subsets exhibiting sulf1 expression and chondrogenic potential. (bvsalud.org)
Populations3
- Here, single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of regenerating lizard tails identifies fibroblast and phagocyte populations linked to cartilage formation. (bvsalud.org)
- The results indicate a hierarchy of phagocyte-induced fibroblast gene activations during lizard blastema formation, culminating in sulf1+ pro-chondrogenic populations singularly responsive to Hedgehog signaling. (bvsalud.org)
- Both NTs and ETs contain neural stem cells (NSCs), but only embryonic NSC populations differentiate into roof plate identities when protected from endogenous Hedgehog signaling. (bvsalud.org)
Immune cells1
- We know that innate immune cells are required for blastema progenitor cell formation, but are lacking an understanding of the immune cell processes and functions that are required for inducing and maintaining these progenitors cells. (lu.se)
Molecular3
- At the molecular level, in fact, a gradual weakening of the cellular processes regulating cardiovascular homeostasis occurs in aging cells. (hindawi.com)
- Senescence in adult tissues can be classified in two main subcategories, based on the underlying molecular mechanism: replicative (or intrinsic), caused by telomere shortening, and stress-induced, in response to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or oncogenes [ 7 - 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Activation of the cellular senescence genetic program prompts a series of molecular changes, mostly affecting cell cycle, extracellular matrix (ECM), secretion of growth factors, and inflammatory mediators. (hindawi.com)
Stem cells2
- Additionally, we dissect the effects of aging on the cardiac endogenous and exogenous reservoirs of stem cells. (hindawi.com)
- This review will focus on the cardiovascular pathologies correlated to senescence, the effect of aging on the cardiac endogenous resources of stem cells, and the potential strategies of regenerative medicine to be applied to maintain the heart younger and healthier. (hindawi.com)
Cellular processes1
- Above the genetic level, regeneration is fundamentally regulated by asexual cellular processes. (wikipedia.org)
Humans2
- Every species is capable of regeneration, from bacteria to humans. (wikipedia.org)
- These properties distinguish lizard blastema cells from homeostatic and injury-stimulated fibroblasts and indicate potential actionable targets for inducing regeneration in other species, including humans. (bvsalud.org)
Mechanisms2
- The mechanisms responsible for this decay are both cell intrinsic, such as cellular senescence, as well as cell-extrinsic, such as changes in the regenerative environment. (mdpi.com)
- However, the mechanisms regulating lizard blastema formation and chondrogenesis remain unclear. (bvsalud.org)
Structures2
- salamanders and newts), an order of tailed amphibians, is possibly the most adept vertebrate group at regeneration, given their capability of regenerating limbs, tails, jaws, eyes and a variety of internal structures. (wikipedia.org)
- While it is commonly accepted as an aging-related phenomenon, senescence might happen also during the embryonic development with the biological meaning of replacing transient structures or specific cell types with other ones [ 3 - 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
Approaches1
- This will be coupled with next generation sequencing based approaches to understanding the consequences of perturbing immune cell function. (lu.se)
Response1
- This process relies on the formation of a blastema, a pool of progenitor cells that is formed in response to amputation. (lu.se)
Formation2
- Pattern formation in the morphogenesis of an animal is regulated by genetic induction factors that put cells to work after damage has occurred. (wikipedia.org)
- Depletion of phagocytes inhibits blastema formation, but treatment with pericytic phagocyte-conditioned media rescues blastema chondrogenesis and cartilage formation in amputated limbs. (bvsalud.org)
Results1
- These results suggest that MC delivery via microvesicles can mediate gene transfer to an extent that enables effective prodrug conversion and tumor cell death such that it comprises a promising approach to cancer therapy. (regenerativemedicine.net)
State1
- Once wounded, their cells become activated and restore the organs back to their pre-existing state. (wikipedia.org)
Expression2
- We demonstrated that MCs can be loaded into shed microvesicles with greater efficiency than their parental plasmid counterparts and that microvesicle-mediated MC delivery led to significantly higher and more prolonged transgene expression in recipient cells than microvesicles loaded with the parental plasmid. (regenerativemedicine.net)
- Microvesicles loaded with MCs encoding a thymidine kinase (TK)/nitroreductase (NTR) fusion protein produced prolonged TK-NTR expression in mammary carcinoma cells. (regenerativemedicine.net)