A desaturase (XcnN) and a saccharopine dehydrogenase-like enzyme (XcnM) are essential for this unusual transformation via two new identified intermediates and the catalytic reaction is regulated by the response regulator OmpR. (uni-frankfurt.de)
enzyme deficiencies of α-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase and the saccharopine dehydrogenases have been associated with increased serum levels of l -lysine. (mhmedical.com)
enzyme AASS has both lysine ketoglutarate reductase and saccharopine dehydrogenase activity and therefore is bifunctional. (mhmedical.com)
glutamic acid by saccharopine dehydrogenase. (mhmedical.com)
Overview: Lysine degradation in GapMind is based on many metacyc pathways ( link ), including L-lysine degradation I via cadaverine ( link ), pathway IV via lysine monooxygenase ( link ), pathway V via D-lysine ( link ), pathway VI via lysine 6-aminotransferase ( link ), pathway VIII via lysine 6-dehydrogenase ( link ), and fermentation to acetate and butanoate ( link ). (lbl.gov)
In pathway V, the racemase alr forms D-lysine, which is oxidized to 6-amino-2-oxo-hexanoate, spontaneously decarboxylates to 1-piperideine-2-carboxylate, a reductase forms L-pipecolate, an oxidase forms 1-piperideine-6-carboxylate, and a dehydrogenase forms L-2-aminoadipate. (lbl.gov)
In pathway VI, lysine 6-aminotransferase (lat) forms (S)-2-amino-6-oxohexanoate, which spontaenously dehydrates to 1-piperideine 6-carboxylate, and a dehydrogenase forms L-2-aminoadipate In pathway VIII, L-lysine 6-dehydrogenase (lysDH) forms (S)-2-amino-6-oxohexanoate, which spontaenously dehydrates to 1-piperideine 6-carboxylate, and a dehydrogenase forms L-2-aminoadipate. (lbl.gov)
Biosynthesis4
Saccharopine, an intermediate of the aminoadipic acid pathway of lysine biosynthesis. (wikipedia.org)
The prolactin signaling pathway and biosynthesis of amino acids were the main differentially modified metabolic pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
The biosynthesis can be divided into enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of the core structure (XcnAFHIJKL), including the hydroxymalonyl-ACP (XcnBCDE), in proteins involved in an interesting drug activation mechanism (XcnAG) and for a resistance conferring inactivation pathway (XcnMN). (uni-frankfurt.de)
Dihydrodipicolinate synthase (DHDPS) is a regulatory enzyme in the lysine biosynthetic pathway and is the first and major rate-limiting enzyme for lysine biosynthesis in plants and bacteria. (canada.ca)
Mitochondrial3
The main catabolic pathway for Lysine, via Saccharopine (e-N-(L-Glutaryl-2)-L-lysine), is a mitochondrial pathway leading to the formati. (proteinlounge.com)
The lysine catabolite saccharopine impairs development by disrupting mitochondrial homeostasis. (ucas.ac.cn)
L-Lysine and oxoglutaric acid will be combined to form saccharopine by facilitation of mitochondrial alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde synthase, and then, mitochondrial alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde synthase will further breaks saccharopine down to allysine and glutamic acid. (smpdb.ca)
Lysine degradation pathway1
It is involved in the first two steps of the lysine degradation pathway in humans. (mhmedical.com)
Comment: In MetaCyc pathway glutaryl-CoA degradation ( link ), glutaryl-CoA is oxidized to (E)-glutaconyl-CoA and oxidatively decarboxylated to crotonyl-CoA (both by the same enzyme), hydrated to 3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA, oxidized to acetoacetyl-CoA, and cleaved to two acetyl-CoA. (lbl.gov)
This pathway occurs in the liver, beginning with cholesterol being converted to 7a-hydroxycholesterol through the enzyme cholesterol-7-alpha-monooxygenase, after being transported into the liver cell. (smpdb.ca)
Metabolism2
An alternative metabolism, the so-called "pipecolic acid pathway," functions only as an overflow pathway and is not suited to handle the relatively large amounts of l -lysine from oral intake. (mhmedical.com)
It is an intermediate in the metabolism (i.E. Breakdown or degradation) of lysine and saccharopine. (np-mrd.org)
Intermediate1
Comment: L-2-aminoadipate is an intermediate in L-lysine degradation pathways V and VI ( link , link ). (lbl.gov)
Nitrogen1
The development of a pathway for nitrogen disposal in a species appears to depend chiefly on the availability of water. (medmuv.com)
Occur2
Pathways II (L-pipecolate pathway) and III (via N6-acetyllysine) and VII (via 6-amino-2-oxohexanoate) and IX (similar to pathway IV) and XI (via saccharopine) are not thought to occur in prokaryotes and are not included in GapMind. (lbl.gov)
These components of the pathway occur in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, although 2 enzymes, 25-hydroxycholesterol 7-alpha-hydroxylase and sterol 26 hydroxylase, are found in the mitochondria. (smpdb.ca)
Breakdown1
There are two more important components of this pathway, both depicting the breakdown of cholesterol into bile acid. (smpdb.ca)
Components1
SS1G_10617 and SS1G_13809 are components of the starch degradation pathways. (bvsalud.org)
Function1
The Metabolite Saccharopine Impairs Neuronal Development by Inhibiting the Neurotrophic Function of Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase. (ucas.ac.cn)
Development1
Interplay between FMRP and lncRNA TUG1 regulates axonal development through mediating SnoN-Ccd1 pathway. (ucas.ac.cn)