• Here we compare the specificity of two budding yeast cyclins, the S-phase cyclin Clb5 and the M-phase cyclin Clb2, in the phosphorylation of 150 Cdk1 (Cdc28) substrates. (nature.com)
  • The B-type cyclins Clb5 and Clb6 are the primary activators of the S phase function of the budding yeast CDK Cdc28. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Together, these transcription factors promote the expression of over 200 genes, which encode the proteins necessary for carrying out the biochemical activities of S-phase. (wikipedia.org)
  • We show that it is possible to predict proteins that are likely to be targets of CDKs in S. cerevisiae by searching for proteins that contain clustered matches to the CDK consensus. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We also show that human CDK targets are enriched for proteins that contain clustered consensus matches and, by searching human cell cycle genes, we predict several putative CDK targets, including the human orthologs of Schizosaccharomyces pombe CDC5 (CDC5L) and S. cerevisiae Cdc20p (CDC20). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The inhibition of Torc1 by rapamycin mimics nutrient starvation and causes an array of physiological changes that include global changes in gene expression, phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of various factors, decreased cell growth, degradation of proteins, and ultimately cell cycle arrest in the G 1 phase [4, 9-11]. (researchsquare.com)
  • Hadwiger J, Wittenberg C, Mendenhall M, Reed S (1989) The saccharomyces cerevisiae cks1 gene, a homolog of the schizo-saccharomyces pombe suc1+ gene, encodes a subunit of the cdc28 protein kinase complex. (edu.pl)
  • What are the independent variables of (0p 0T )v. A new human p34 protein kinase, CDK2, identified by complementation of opttion cdc28 mutation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is a homolog of Xenopus Eg1. (forex-consultant.com)
  • The role of phosphorylation and the CDC28 protein kinase in cell cycle-regulated nuclear import of the S. cerevisiae transcription factor SWI5. (wikidata.org)
  • citation needed] The CLN3 gene was originally identified as the whi1-1 allele in a screen for small size mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (for Cln3's role in size control, see below). (wikipedia.org)
  • TIPI-gTOW is also useful for analyzing genetic interactions of essential genes whose deletion mutants cannot be obtained. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Analysis of mutants with abnormal flowering time has allowed the identification of genes controlling floral transition [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In yeast, rapamycin inhibits the TORC1 kinase signaling pathway causing rapid alteration in gene expression and ultimately cell cycle arrest in G 1 through mechanisms that are not fully understood. (researchsquare.com)
  • We show that the H2B R95A causes defects in the expression of a subset of genes of the pheromone pathway required for α factor-induced G 1 arrest. (researchsquare.com)
  • The expression of the STE5 gene and its encoded scaffold protein Ste5, required for the sequential activation of the MAPKs of the pheromone pathway, is greatly reduced in the H2B R95A mutant. (researchsquare.com)
  • These genes are part of the mating machinery in yeast but not necessary part of the mating pheromone response pathway. (openwetware.org)
  • The photoperiod-dependent pathway of floral promotion converges on the gene CONSTANS ( CO ), which is known to be expressed in a circadian manner [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Protein kinases are critical to cellular signalling and post-translational gene regulation, but their biological substrates are difficult to identify. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A series of PZmCKS2-deletion derivatives, P0-P3, from the translation start code (-1,455, -999, -367, and -3 bp) was fused to the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene, and each deletion construct was analyzed by Agrobacterium-mediated steady transformation into Arabidopsis. (edu.pl)
  • Here, we hypothesized that specific histone residue(s) might be involved in facilitating gene expression such that cells mount a response to rapamycin. (researchsquare.com)
  • DNA Microarray technology enables us to measure mRNA concentrations in a cell for a large number of genes at the same time. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This screen was inspired by a similar study in Schizosaccharomyces pombe, in which the Wee1 gene was identified as an inhibitor of cell cycle progression that maintained normal cell size. (wikipedia.org)
  • He identified over one hundred such genes and labelled them cell division control (CDC) genes. (the-scientist.com)
  • Further work led to the identification of the CDC28 gene that controls the process by which cells progress through the G1-phase of the cell cycle. (the-scientist.com)
  • This gene was consequently called 'start' and its expression is a crucial point at which cell proliferation is integrated with extra- and intracellular. (the-scientist.com)
  • SAG1 (α-agglutinin) - provides tight cell-cell adhesion during mating in S. cerevisiae. (openwetware.org)
  • Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of these genes identified an overrepresentation of genes related to the cell cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We discovered an unprecedented burst of differential expression of cell cycle related genes at one particular point during transition to flowering. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although a number of approaches have been used to predict gene functions and interactions, tools that analyze the essential coordination of functional components in cellular processes still need to be developed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 14 ] predict human aging-related genes by integrating aging-related gene expression data with human PPI data. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this work, we present a new approach to study the cooperation of functional modules (sets of functionally related genes) in a specific cellular process. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A cooperative module pair is defined as two modules that significantly cooperate with certain functional genes in a cellular process. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This method identifies cooperative module pairs that significantly influence a cellular process and the correlated genes and interactions that are essential to that process. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We have previously shown that the peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Rrd1 is required to mediate cellular response to rapamycin by altering gene expression [6, 7, 19, 20]. (researchsquare.com)
  • If the target protein expression reaches the upper limit, i.e., essential cellular functions come to a halt when the level of protein exceeds a certain limit, the gene/plasmid copy number must decrease to below the upper limit. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Despite extensive studies of specific genes that regulate this process, the global changes in transcript expression profiles at the point when a vegetative meristem transitions into an inflorescence have not been reported. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The evolution of high throughput technologies that measure gene expression levels has created a data base for inferring GRNs (a process also known as reverse engineering of GRNs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this paper, we construct the dynamic uncertain PPI networks to integrate the dynamic information of gene expression and the topology information of high-throughput PPI data. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We use gene expression data and different high-throughput PPI data to construct three dynamic uncertain PPI networks. (biomedcentral.com)
  • coarse-grained and fine-grained models, where the former contain less detail on interactions between genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The current model of the gene regulatory network controlling the G1-S transition is shown in Figure 1. (wikipedia.org)
  • This paper performs an analysis of several existing evolutionary algorithms for quantitative gene regulatory network modelling. (biomedcentral.com)
  • With a large enough set of snapshots, it should be theoretically possible to uncover the underlying gene regulatory network (GRN) [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Presented is a comparison framework for assessment of evolutionary algorithms, used to infer gene regulatory networks. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, J. Homologous genes control the de- velopment of insect wings and crustacean appendages, sug- gesting that that the insect wing evolved from a dorsal branch of a crustacean limb (Figure tracing. (forex-consultant.com)
  • After flowering initiation, the action of LFY and AP1 , as well as CAULIFLOWER ( CAL ) results in the upregulation of genes that control floral organ identity [ 20 - 23 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Giuliano G, Pichersky E, Malik V, Timko M, Scolnik P, Cashmore A (1988) An evolutionarily conserved protein binding sequence upstream of a plant light-regulated gene. (edu.pl)
  • From these combined studies, it seems logical that the global gene expression pattern that ensues upon exposure to rapamycin must be governed by changes at the level of the chromatin structure. (researchsquare.com)
  • In gTOW, we clone a target gene with its native promoter into a 2 μ-based plasmid harboring leu2d . (biomedcentral.com)
  • G1/S-specific cyclin Cln3 is a protein that is encoded by the CLN3 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fifty-nine module pairs that correlate with Cdc28 and other essential regulators were also identified. (biomedcentral.com)
  • At the moment, several methods of discovering qualitative causal relationships between genes with high accuracy from microarray data exist, but large scale quantitative analysis on real biological datasets cannot be performed, to date, as existing approaches are not suitable for real microarray data which are noisy and insufficient. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This paper concentrates on quantitative modelling of gene regulatory networks (GRNs) using DNA microarray data, as this is more informative than qualitative analysis of biological data. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This analysis revealed a developmental time point between 10 and 12 days after germination where FLC expression had decreased but LFY expression had not yet increased, which was characterized by a peak in the number of differentially expressed genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For example, under low-nitrogen conditions, crosstalk is observed between two signaling pathways in Saccharomyces cerevisiae , the cAMP and MAPK pathways, which are both downstream of the small GTPase Ras. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We analyzed gene expression during Arabidopsis thaliana meristem development under long day conditions from day 7 to 16 after germination in one-day increments. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In Saccharomyces cerevisiae , rapamycin binds to the peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Fpr1 leading to the inhibition of the Target of Rapamycin (TOR) kinase that forms the TOR Complex 1 (Torc1) [4, 5]. (researchsquare.com)
  • Rrd1 has been shown to stimulate the association of RNAPII with the coding region of inducible genes besides those activated by rapamycin, but not with constitutively expressed genes [6, 21]. (researchsquare.com)
  • Algorithms are applied to both synthetic and real gene expression data from DNA microarrays, and ability to reproduce biological behaviour, scalability and robustness to noise are assessed and compared. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In order to model a GRN, genes are viewed as variables that change their (expression) values in time. (biomedcentral.com)