AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsInformation ScienceHealth Care
S PhaseCell CycleS Phase Cell Cycle CheckpointsG1 PhaseDNA ReplicationCell Cycle ProteinsDNA-Directed DNA PolymerasePolymerase Chain ReactionRNA Polymerase IIInterphaseCell DivisionDNA DamageBromodeoxyuridineMitosisDNACyclinsHeLa CellsCyclin-Dependent Kinase 2Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21Flow CytometryDNA Polymerase IDNA-Binding ProteinsCell LineDNA-Directed RNA PolymerasesPhosphorylationMolecular Sequence DataDNA Polymerase IIRetinoblastoma ProteinCell Line, TumorCell NucleusBase SequenceG2 PhaseCell ProliferationHistonesApoptosisDNA Polymerase IIITranscription, GeneticProtein-Serine-Threonine KinasesTumor Suppressor ProteinsRNA Polymerase IRNA Polymerase IIIFibroblastsCells, CulturedDNA Polymerase betaMutationCyclin-Dependent KinasesG2 Phase Cell Cycle CheckpointsTemplates, GeneticG0 PhaseAphidicolinG1 Phase Cell Cycle CheckpointsSaccharomyces cerevisiaeAmino Acid SequenceRNA, MessengerCyclin EEscherichia coliKineticsNuclear ProteinsProliferating Cell Nuclear AntigenPromoter Regions, GeneticTranscription FactorsReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionCyclin ASaccharomyces cerevisiae Proteinscdc25 PhosphatasesUltraviolet RaysDNA PrimersChromatinCDC2 Protein KinaseDNA RepairCDC2-CDC28 KinasesRNA ReplicaseRNA-Directed DNA PolymeraseProtein BindingCyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27Poly(ADP-ribose) PolymerasesTime FactorsCyclin BCyclin D1Cell Cycle CheckpointsTumor Cells, CulturedMimosineCyclin B1DNA, ViralCell SurvivalAtaxia Telangiectasia Mutated ProteinsE2F Transcription FactorsProtein KinasesBlotting, WesternRNATumor Suppressor Protein p53Checkpoint Kinase 2Fungal ProteinsCloning, MolecularGenes, cdcDNA, NeoplasmViral ProteinsRecombinant Fusion ProteinsCyclin-Dependent Kinase 4Replication Origin
Reverse-transcriNegative polymerase chain reGenesProliferationApoptosisPARPSitu hybridizationPolyQuantitativeMRNAProteinProteinsReplicationPromoterMitoticMolecularPrimaseGeneChainGenomeViabilityRegulationProgressionDetectionDifferentiationPCNABone marrowCyclinSquamousMetabolismEukaryotic cellsVitroOccursTumorMultiple myelomaInhibitionInhibitsArrestAbstractChronic Phase CMLPathologySecretionPrimarilyLeukemic cellsEpithelial cellSurvivalCulturesMitosisTyrosineAcute phasePhosphorylationStem cell transplantBacteriaCytosolActivityPluripotent
Reverse-transcri1
  • It is indicated for treatment of Zaire ebolavirus in adults and children, including neonates born to a mother who is reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positive for Zaire ebolavirus infection. (medscape.com)
Negative polymerase chain re1
Genes11
  • Studies of genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) have shown that open and closed chromatin structures are dynamically regulated through multiple mechanisms, including histone modifications, histone variant incorporation, and DNA methylation (reviewed in reference 17 ). (asm.org)
  • Genome-wide studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae , for example, have revealed that promoters of most actively transcribed genes are depleted of nucleosomes and that histone density is inversely proportional to the transcription rate within coding regions, suggesting that nucleosomes are dynamically disassembled and reassembled at each passage of the polymerase ( 16 ). (asm.org)
  • Using genetics and genome editing strategies in fission yeast, we have accumulated compelling evidence that the mechanisms of transcription termination at the 3' end of genes play a role in determining the local occupancy of condensin, whatever the RNA polymerase involved. (ens-lyon.fr)
  • DDX5 is required for cell proliferation by controlling the transcription of genes expressing DNA replication proteins in cancer cells in which the DDX5 locus is amplified, and this has uncovered a dependence on DDX5 for cell proliferation. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the effects of lycopene, the major tomato carotenoid, on the expression of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in three breast tumour cell lines, MCF-7, HBL-100, MDA-MB-231 and the fibrocystic breast cell line MCF-10a. (nih.gov)
  • The isoform encoded by the unspliced mRNA, XBP1(U), is constitutively expressed, and thought to function as a negative feedback regulator of XBP1(S), which shuts off transcription of target genes during the recovery phase of ER stress. (cancerindex.org)
  • The techniques now being employed include DNA extraction, RNA extraction, the use of agarose gel electrophoresis to visualize DNA and RNA, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and sequencing for genes of interest. (noaa.gov)
  • They carry genes, which tell your cells what to do. (webmd.com)
  • Cloning the neurokinin receptor genes in guinea pig epithelial cells and their expression in epithelial cells lines would allow study of their function. (usda.gov)
  • The sigma (σ) factor of the RNA polymerase is encoded by nuclear genes. (sciencefacts.net)
  • FOXD3 binds near highly transcribed genes during S phase entry, and its loss increases the expression of these genes. (bvsalud.org)
Proliferation22
Apoptosis20
  • In addition, cell cycle distribution analysis revealed that G0/G1 phase arrest was induced following pristimerin treatment in CAL‑27 and SCC‑25 cells, which was strongly associated with upregulation of p21 and p27, coupled with downregulation of cyclin D1 and cyclin E. Meanwhile, pristimerin induced significant apoptosis of CAL‑27 and SCC‑25 cells, alongside decreased levels of caspase‑3 and specific cleavage of poly (ADP‑ribose) polymerase. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Pristimerin has also been reported to induce apoptosis of various human cancer cells, including in multiple myeloma ( 10 ), breast ( 11 ), liver ( 12 ), pancreatic ( 13 ) and prostate cancer ( 14 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Pristimerin exhibited potent anti-proliferative and apoptosis-inducing effects on the OSCC cell lines CAL-27 and SCC-25. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • the expression levels of protein associated with apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) of SKO-007 cells in various groups were detected by Western blotting method. (researchgate.net)
  • Objective: To investigate the effects of prion protein 106-126 peptide on inducing apoptosis in differentiated PC12 cells. (researchgate.net)
  • Conclusion: Prion protein 106-126 peptide can induce apoptosis in differentiated PC12 cells and present cellular toxicity definitely. (researchgate.net)
  • These included PI3K/AKT pathway proteins, those regulating the cell cycle, apoptosis, transcription, and other signaling pathways including steroid hormone signaling. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Sequential activation of caspases plays a central role in the execution-phase of cell apoptosis. (nih.gov)
  • To investigate the effect of icariin on cell cycle and apoptosis of medulloblastoma cells and its mechanism. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Cells are also programmed for death at the genetic level as a response to DNA damages through the process of apoptosis. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Apoptosis is an organized process that signals cells to self-destruct for cell renewal or to control aberrant cell growth. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • As cells become damaged or are no longer needed, they undergo apoptosis or programmed cell death, a normal physiological process that occurs during embryonic development and tissue homeostasis. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Apoptosis controls the orderly death of damaged cells, whereas necrosis occurs as a result of tissue damage, causing the loss of both damaged and surrounding cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Methods for detecting apoptosis or dead cells (viability) by cell preparation type. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • However, some cell types do not display characteristic features of apoptosis. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • In those cases, multiple aspects of apoptosis might need to be analyzed to confirm the mechanism of cell death. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • During extended myocardial ischemia combinations of hypoxia and acidosis drive cardiac cell loss by apoptosis and necrosis that contribute importantly to myocardial infarction (MI). (biomedres.us)
  • Cardiac myocyte cell death by apoptosis accompanies heart disease of both ischemic and nonischemic origin [1-3]. (biomedres.us)
  • In animal models, increased apoptosis accompanies both phases of ischemia and reperfusion [8]. (biomedres.us)
  • Acutely deleting Foxd3 leads to immediate replication stress, G2/M phase arrest, genome instability and p53-dependent apoptosis. (bvsalud.org)
PARP2
  • PCA treatment induced cell cycle arrest in G 2 /M phase, the activation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and caspase-3, the upregulation of Bax and downregulation of Bcl-2 in OVCAR-3 cells. (nih.gov)
  • Proteolytically cleaves poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). (nih.gov)
Situ hybridization2
  • Genomic analysis of these normoblasts using specific probes by in situ hybridization or the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) potentially provides a non-invasive method for diagnosis of genetic defects. (sbir.gov)
  • Gene expression and cellular localization of neurokinin receptors would be examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization. (usda.gov)
Poly1
  • We provide evidence for potential influences of E3 ligase and poly adenosine diphosphate (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) activity on neurodegenerative pathology. (frontiersin.org)
Quantitative6
  • Understanding the molecular mechanisms by which R-loops drive genome destabilization requires the development of techniques enabling the precise and quantitative genome-wide mapping of R-loops in the different phases of the cell-cycle. (ens-lyon.fr)
  • Flow cytometry analysis showed a G(1)/S phase cell cycle-arrest after treatment of the cells with 10 microM lycopene for 48 h. mRNA expression was studied by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using the Taqman method. (nih.gov)
  • For a quantitative comparison, the authors counted cell cycle-positive neurons in the hippocampal samples. (alzforum.org)
  • CDK2AP1 mRNA levels were measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and normalised against glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA. (cancerindex.org)
  • Key apoptotic pathway intermediates and inflammation markers IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) were quantified by western blot analyses, while miR-126 expression was tracked by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). (biomedres.us)
  • ABL1 transcript [e14a2 and/or e13a2], these results can be used for eligibility if the central Real Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RQ-PCR) results arrived are not available at the time of randomization. (who.int)
MRNA2
  • We observed an increase of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mRNA in the oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive cell lines (MCF-7 and HBL-100), and a decrease (MDA-MB-231) or no change (MCF-10a) in the ER-negative cell lines. (nih.gov)
  • RNA polymerase produces all types of RNA, including messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), microRNA (miRNA), and even non-coding RNAs and ribozymes. (sciencefacts.net)
Protein17
  • In the present study, we evaluated the efficiency of protein translation, focusing on the effect of DNA templates of different lengths on cell-free protein synthesis using a luciferase assay. (nature.com)
  • The underlying mechanisms of these effects were primarily mediated by G 1 phase cell cycle arrest and inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulate kinase 1/2 (Erk 1/2) and protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathways. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • CDK1, also named as CDC2, belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family and CDC2/CDKX subfamily.CDC2 plays a key role in the control of the eukaryotic cell cycle. (caslab.com)
  • CDC2 is a catalytic subunit of the highly conserved protein kinase complex known as M-phase promoting factor (MPF) , which is essential for G1/S and G2/M phase transitions of eukaryotic cell cycle. (caslab.com)
  • Methods: After differentiated by nerve growth factor (NGF), the PC12 cells were infected by prion protein 106-126 peptide. (researchgate.net)
  • What happens when the protein machinery that drives the cell division cycle gets activated in non-dividing cells such as neurons? (alzforum.org)
  • SM-AP1-3 cells were immunopositive for keratin only, indicating their duct-epithelial or squamous cell differentiation, while SM-AP4/5 cells were positive for both keratin and S-100 protein, indicating their myoepithelial cell differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This gene product is a bZIP protein, which was also identified as a cellular transcription factor that binds to an enhancer in the promoter of the T cell leukemia virus type 1 promoter. (cancerindex.org)
  • Here, we demonstrate that the endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1α) and its substrate transcription factor X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1) drive NK cell responses against viral infection and tumors in vivo. (cancerindex.org)
  • This protein was found to also interact with DNA polymerase alpha/primase and mediate the phosphorylation of the large p180 subunit, which suggests a regulatory role in DNA replication during the S-phase of the cell cycle. (cancerindex.org)
  • This protein also forms a core subunit of the nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylation (NURD) complex that epigenetically regulates embryonic stem cell differentiation. (cancerindex.org)
  • Finally, low expression may be due to uncontrolled expression of toxic protein during the culture outgrowth phase. (neb.com)
  • We studied the influence of histological subtype on protein expression with reverse phase protein array (RPPA) and assessed proteomic changes associated with ARID1A mutation/BAF250a expression in EC and CCC. (biomedcentral.com)
  • They kill off CML blood cells by blocking the protein made by the abnormal gene bcr-abl. (webmd.com)
  • Protein phosphorylation regulates actomyosin-driven vesicle movement in cell extracts isolated from the green algae, Chara corallina. (bio.net)
  • Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm caused by an acquired 9;22-chromosomal translocation in a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) resulting in the expression of the BCR-ABL1 fusion protein. (haematologica.org)
  • 1 The BCR-ABL1 fusion protein is a constitutively active tyrosine kinase and triggers a cascade of aberrant downstream signaling pathways leading to clonal outgrowth of CML cells and subsequent disease manifestation. (haematologica.org)
Proteins6
  • Gene expression in living cells is strictly self-regulated to ensure that the correct amounts of proteins are made at the most appropriate timing and location for maintaining cellular homeostasis. (nature.com)
  • Yang and colleagues used antibodies to test the presence of various cell cycle proteins in MCI, AD, and control brain samples taken at autopsy. (alzforum.org)
  • In the hippocampus, one of the first areas affected by the disease, both AD and MCI samples had robust staining for cyclin D1, DNA polymerase, and cyclin B1, proteins that are synthesized only during the G1, S and G2 phases of the cell cycle, respectively. (alzforum.org)
  • A subunit of the enzymatic complex P-TEFb can induce compartmentalization of proteins into liquid-like droplets in cells. (natureasia.com)
  • During the first stage called G1, cells monitor their environment and, when the requisite signals are received, the cells synthesize RNA and proteins to induce growth. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • We achieved a deep proteome profiling of EBP across the three groups with proteins involved in immune activation, acute phase response, cell adhesion, blood coagulation, and known components of the respiratory tract lining fluid, among others. (lu.se)
Replication24
  • SeV replication occurs exclusively in the cytoplasm of the host cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • One replication cycle takes approximately 12-15 hours with one cell yielding thousands of virions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nucleoside analogue inhibitors of the cell-encoded enzyme S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAH) have been shown to inhibit Zaire ebolavirus replication in adult BALB/c mice infected with mouse-adapted Ebola virus. (medscape.com)
  • We applied an assay that measures the stability of maintenance of an episomal plasmid in human tissue culture cells to screen for new DNA replication factors. (aacrjournals.org)
  • We identify an important role for DDX5 in G 1 -S-phase progression where it directly regulates DNA replication factor expression by promoting the recruitment of RNA polymerase II to E2F-regulated gene promoters. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Understanding how DNA replication is regulated in human cells can provide insight into cancer development and may reveal vulnerabilities that can be exploited therapeutically. (aacrjournals.org)
  • For instance, DNA replication and DNA damage checkpoints delay cell cycle progression until each chromosome is fully replicated and physically intact. (rupress.org)
  • Thus, the products of chromosome replication (sister chromatids) generated during S-phase must be identified over time until mitosis when sisters associate with the mitotic spindle and segregate away from each other into the newly forming daughter cells. (rupress.org)
  • During the mitotic mammalian cell cycle cells faithfully replicate their DNA utilizing multiple DNA replication sites known as origins of replication. (lancs.ac.uk)
  • Replication is catalysed by processive replication enzymes known as DNA polymerases and is limited to the synthesis phase (S phase) of the cell cycle. (lancs.ac.uk)
  • Here using an in vitro cell-free DNA replication system we analyse the interplay between Ciz1 and cyclin A/CDK2 in regulation of the initiation phase of DNA replication. (lancs.ac.uk)
  • This demonstrates that Ciz1 modulates and enhances the activity of cyclin A-CDK2 in cell free DNA replication assays and that Ciz1 increases the permissive CDK range that can promote DNA replication. (lancs.ac.uk)
  • Next the inhibitory effect of Ap4A in cell free DNA replication assays is studied. (lancs.ac.uk)
  • Here we find that the replication fork progresses at 1.3kbp/min in mouse fibroblast cells, consistent with other studies, and quantify replication fork stalling by replication inhibitor aphidicolin. (lancs.ac.uk)
  • These data demonstrate the potential for cell free DNA replication assays to be combined with DNA combing to dissect replication parameters and characterise DNA replication stress in future studies. (lancs.ac.uk)
  • With each replication event the amount of dye in the cell is decreased, leading to a characteristic pattern. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • These findings, which are at variance with our own previous results obtained with cell cultures synchronized by either a double thymidine block or aphidicolin exposure, strengthen the contention that DNA replication is associated with an underlying nuclear structure and demonstrate the artifacts that may be generated by procedures commonly used to synchronize cell cultures. (neb.com)
  • Rapidly dividing mouse pluripotent stem cells are highly transcriptionally active and experience elevated replication stress, yet paradoxically maintain genome integrity. (bvsalud.org)
  • Here, we study FOXD3, a transcriptional repressor enriched in pluripotent stem cells, and show that its repression of transcription upon S phase entry is critical to minimizing replication stress and preserving genome integrity. (bvsalud.org)
  • Transient inhibition of RNA polymerase II in S phase reduces observed replication stress and cell cycle defects. (bvsalud.org)
  • These results show how a transcriptional repressor can play a central role in maintaining genome integrity through the transient inhibition of transcription during S phase, enabling faithful DNA replication. (bvsalud.org)
  • Initially, MiDAS was characterized as a process associated with intrinsically unstable loci known as common fragile sites that occurs after cells experience DNA replication stress (RS). (bvsalud.org)
  • In this review, we introduce the causes of RS, regions of the human genome known to be especially vulnerable to RS, and the strategies used to complete DNA replication outside of S phase. (bvsalud.org)
  • Our findings reveal that TRAIP works in S-phase to prevent DNA damage at transcription start sites, caused by replication-transcription conflicts. (bvsalud.org)
Promoter2
  • In mammalian cells, active and silent rDNA promoters are characterized by specific histone modifications, DNA methylation, and positioning of the promoter-bound nucleosome (reviewed in reference 22 ). (asm.org)
  • Once RNA polymerase attaches to the promoter (where RNA polymerase begins transcribing a gene), it moves along the DNA template in the 5 to 3' direction, adding nucleotides to the growing RNA chain. (sciencefacts.net)
Mitotic2
  • In particular, we investigate: how the efficiency of RNA polymerase elongation can influence the distribution of the SMC complex condensin during mitotic chromosome condensation and, how the transcription by-product R-loop can interfere with chromosome integrity. (ens-lyon.fr)
  • The cell cycle has two major phases: interphase, the phase between mitotic events, and the mitotic phase, where the mother cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
Molecular4
  • We publish articles in pharmaceutical sciences and related disciplines (including biotechnology, cell and molecular biology, drug utilization including adverse drug events, medical and other life sciences, and related engineering fields). (ajol.info)
  • OVCAR-3 cells were selected as a test model system for investigating molecular mechanism. (nih.gov)
  • Compare clinical response, in terms of 1-year progression-free survival and rate of molecular complete remission, in patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia (Ph+ CML) in chronic phase who have achieved a complete cytogenetic remission to single-agent tyrosine kinase inhibitor treated with interferon alfa and sargramostim (GM-CSF) vs tyrosine kinase inhibitor and GM-K562 cell vaccine. (knowcancer.com)
  • Organización molecular del complejo II y su rol en la anaerobiosis. (bvsalud.org)
Primase4
  • Reference: Prereplicative increase of nuclear matrix-bound DNA polymerase-alpha and primase activities in HeLa S3 cells following dilution of long-term cultures. (neb.com)
  • We investigated the association of DNA polymerase and DNA primase activity with the nuclear matrix in HeLa S3 cells diluted with fresh medium after having been cultured without any medium change for 7 days. (neb.com)
  • DNA polymerase and DNA primase activity associated with the nuclear matrix prepared from cells just before dilution represented about 10% of nuclear activity. (neb.com)
  • Both DNA polymerase and primase activities bound to the matrix were about 60% of nuclear activity. (neb.com)
Gene10
  • Cell-free gene expression systems have been valuable tools for understanding how transcription/translation can be regulated in living cells. (nature.com)
  • We propose an underlying mechanism for the favorable effect of longer DNA on gene expression in terms of the enhancement of access of RNA polymerase to the shrunken conformation. (nature.com)
  • Gene regulation can occur at any point in gene expression, from the start of the transcription phase to the translation phase. (nature.com)
  • To elucidate the complex mechanism of gene regulation in living cellular systems, it is necessary to closely investigate each phase of gene expression and also to shed light on the cooperative effects between transcription and translation. (nature.com)
  • This gene thus plays a role in both cell-cycle and epigenetic regulation. (cancerindex.org)
  • This phase separation might help P-TEFb to promote gene transcription. (natureasia.com)
  • Both clear cell ovarian carcinomas (CCC) and ovarian endometrioid carcinomas (EC) may arise from endometriosis and frequently harbor mutations in the ARID1A tumor suppressor gene. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is an important technique for establishing the presence of a particular gene in an organism. (noaa.gov)
  • It carries a new gene called bcr-abl, which sets off a process that creates abnormal white blood cells. (webmd.com)
  • The FA2 gene of Chlamydomonas encodes a NIMA family kinase with roles in cell cycle progression and microtubule severing during deflagellation. (bio.net)
Chain5
  • Compare time to Ph-negativity by polymerase chain reaction after randomization. (knowcancer.com)
  • Its serum levels are decreased in patients with myocarditis and persistent virus in the myocardium 6 and it is therapeutically useful in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of a viral genome. (revespcardiol.org)
  • Among 20 laboratories testing Module A, 17 (85%) correctly detected DENV RNA by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), 18 (90%) correctly determined serotype and 19 (95%) correctly identified CHIKV by RT-PCR. (who.int)
  • Throat and nasal swab specimens were collected from outpatients (with influenza-like illness) and inpatients (with severe acute respiratory illness) and tested for influenza viruses using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. (who.int)
  • The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was usedto evaluate the course of treatment of an acutely infected patient with Trypanosoma cruzi. (bvsalud.org)
Genome3
  • SeV has several features that are important in a vector for a successful vaccine: the virus does not integrate into the host genome, it does not undergo genetic recombination, it replicates only in the cytoplasm without DNA intermediates or a nuclear phase and it is does not cause any disease in humans or domestic animals. (wikipedia.org)
  • For example, growing evidence strongly suggests that transcription can interfere locally with genome duplication by DNA polymerases or with the SMC-driven 3D organization of chromosomes (Fig. 1). (ens-lyon.fr)
  • DNA is replicated to provide each daughter cell a complete copy of the genome. (lancs.ac.uk)
Viability4
  • Cell viability was determined by using the MTT assay and the morphological changes were observed. (researchgate.net)
  • We found that PCA treatment significantly reduced the cell viability and colony formation of OVCAR-3, SKOV-3, and A2780 cells. (nih.gov)
  • This can result in loss of cell viability or loss of the expression plasmid. (neb.com)
  • TRAIP is essential for cell viability, and mutations in TRAIP ubiquitin ligase activity lead to primordial dwarfism in patients. (bvsalud.org)
Regulation1
  • Expression levels of JAK-STAT signalling targets is increased with age, and STAT3 has been implicated in the regulation of self-renewal and stem cell fate in several tissues. (senescence.info)
Progression2
Detection1
  • We aimed to investigate mechanisms underlying drug-induced cholestasis and improve its early detection using human HepaRG cells and a set of 12 cholestatic drugs and six noncholestatic drugs. (aspetjournals.org)
Differentiation1
  • Objective: To investigate the induction of tanshinone [1 A (Tan fl A) on the differentiation of human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPDMSCs) into cardiomyocytes, and to provide an experimental basis for Tan IT A as a cardiomyocytc differentiation inducer. (researchgate.net)
PCNA1
  • These data suggest that Ap4A inhibits initiation by reducing loading of the replicative helicase MCM2-7 and the DNA polymerase sliding clamp PCNA. (lancs.ac.uk)
Bone marrow7
  • CML affects your bone marrow, where blood cells are made. (webmd.com)
  • Only a small number of abnormal white blood cells are in your blood and bone marrow, so your body is still able to fight infections. (webmd.com)
  • The number of abnormal blood cells in your bone marrow and blood is now high. (webmd.com)
  • First, you get high doses of chemotherapy drugs to kill blood-forming stem cells in your bone marrow. (webmd.com)
  • Aberrantly expressed cytokines in the bone marrow (BM) niche are increasingly recognized as critical mediators of survival and expansion of leukemic stem cells. (haematologica.org)
  • 2 1 There is growing evidence to suggest that primitive CML cells affect the bone marrow (BM) niche, contributing to deregulated cytokine levels. (haematologica.org)
  • CML ensues when an abnormal pluripotent hematopoietic progenitor cell initiates excessive production of all myeloid lineage cells, primarily in the bone marrow but also in extramedullary sites (eg, spleen, liver). (msdmanuals.com)
Cyclin1
  • Though they caution that the precise anatomical location of the samples varied from case to case, which could introduce some margin of error, the number of DNA polymerase- and cyclin D1-positive neurons were identical in both MCI and AD tissues, at five percent. (alzforum.org)
Squamous6
  • In the present study, the anticancer potential of pristimerin was investigated in two oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines, CAL‑27 and SCC‑25. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • 90% are squamous cell carcinomas. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Because it is very invasive, the prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is poor ( 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Transplanted cells in nude mice formed subcutaneous tumors, which had histological features of squamous cell carcinoma with apparent keratinizing tendencies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The histological features of squamous cell carcinoma from the transplanted cell systems in nude mice might suggest a secondary onset of malignancy from a pre-existing benign adenoma. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We also provide an in-depth protocol for the generation of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma organoids and their subsequent use in semi-automated therapy screens. (nature.com)
Metabolism1
  • It disrupts cell metabolism, causing death to resting and dividing cells. (medscape.com)
Eukaryotic cells2
  • SeV's ability to fuse eukaryotic cells and to form syncytium was used to produce hybridoma cells capable of manufacturing monoclonal antibodies in large quantities. (wikipedia.org)
  • Chloroplast in eukaryotic cells contains an RNAP similar to bacterial RNAP. (sciencefacts.net)
Vitro4
  • If AD neurons in-vivo died as soon as 12 hours after entry into the cell cycle (as shown in vitro and in developing mouse brain in vivo), and five percent of cells were dying at any one time (as shown in this study), then it would take less than a year for complete neuronal ablation. (alzforum.org)
  • This study demonstrates in vitro that certain cell types from pleomorphic adenoma are able to clone and survive over a long term and develop subcutaneous tumors in nude mice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Adult stem cell-based organoid technology is a versatile tool for the generation and long-term maintenance of near-native 3D epithelial tissues in vitro. (nature.com)
  • In vitro generation of human pluripotent stem cell derived lung organoids. (nature.com)
Occurs2
  • More specifically, our experiments indicate that the backtracking of RNA polymerases that occurs naturally at termination sites can drive the accumulation of condensin ( Fig. 2 ). (ens-lyon.fr)
  • Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) occurs when a pluripotent stem cell undergoes malignant transformation and clonal myeloproliferation, leading to a striking overproduction of mature and immature granulocytes. (msdmanuals.com)
Tumor4
  • A Phase IB Trial of the PI3K Inhibitor Alpelisib and Weekly Cisplatin in Patients with Solid Tumor Malignancies. (ucsf.edu)
  • potent anti-cancer drugs, combretastatin A-4 (CA-4) and docetaxel (DTX), against tumor cells and vasculature. (ajol.info)
  • In addition, they had ductal arrangements or plasmacytoid appearances of tumor cells and myxoid or hyaline stromata, indicating some characteristics of pleomorphic adenoma. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Knockdown of BAF250a by siRNA in three CCC cell lines wild type for ARID1A showed no increase in either pAKT-Thr 308 or pAKT-S 473 suggesting that pAKT in tumor tissues is indirectly regulated by BAF250a expression. (biomedcentral.com)
Multiple myeloma1
  • Methods: The human multiple myeloma SKO-007 cells in logarithm growth phase were selected and randomly divided into control group, LDM group, BZM group, and BZM combined with LDM group. (researchgate.net)
Inhibition4
  • Knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of the JAK-STAT enhances satellite stem cell division potential resulting in better muscle regeneration [ 3635 ]. (senescence.info)
  • Given the high frequency of DDX5 amplification in breast cancer, our results highlight DDX5 as a promising candidate for targeted therapy of breast tumors with DDX5 amplification, and indeed we show that DDX5 inhibition sensitizes a subset of breast cancer cells to trastuzumab. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Moreover, our results showed that PCA increased the intracellular levels of glutathione and decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species that might be related to the inhibition effect of PCA on OVCAR-3 cells. (nih.gov)
  • Positive samples were inoculated in MDCK cells and virus phenotypic susceptibility to neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) was assessed using fluorescent NA inhibition. (who.int)
Inhibits2
  • Methotrexate is an antimetabolite that inhibits DNA synthesis and cell reproduction in malignant cells. (medscape.com)
  • Cytarabine is converted intracellularly to the active compound cytarabine-5'-triphosphate, which inhibits DNA polymerase. (medscape.com)
Arrest2
  • Pack LR, Daigh LH, Meyer T. Putting the brakes on the cell cycle: mechanisms of cellular growth arrest. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • We conclude that upon rapid TRAIP degradation, specifically in S-phase, cells cease to proliferate, arrest in G2 stage of the cell cycle and undergo senescence. (bvsalud.org)
Abstract1
  • Abstract Starting from mature vegetable compost, four bac- the utilization of these bacteria as cell factories for upgrading terial strains were selected using a lignin-rich medium. (lu.se)
Chronic Phase CML1
  • To identify regulators of primitive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells, we performed a high-content cytokine screen using primary CD34 + CD38 low chronic phase CML cells. (haematologica.org)
Pathology1
  • Although pathologists in their daily services of surgical pathology had recognized such singular atypical cells in pleomorphic adenomas, these atypical cells were not always regarded as evidence or the source for malignant transformation [ 4 - 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Secretion1
  • The third aim is to determine whether substance P activates neurokinin receptors on epithelial cells to stimulate chloride secretion and prostaglandin synthesis. (usda.gov)
Primarily1
  • The RNA polymerase is primarily responsible for transcription, the process by which a template DNA strand is used to form RNA. (sciencefacts.net)
Leukemic cells1
  • Cytokines are essential for the function and maintenance of cells, and altered cytokine levels influence not only leukemic cells, but also the normal HSC within the BM. (haematologica.org)
Epithelial cell1
  • We find that the DDX5 locus is frequently amplified in breast cancer and that breast cancer-derived cells with amplification of DDX5 are much more sensitive to its depletion than breast cancer cells and a breast epithelial cell line that lacks DDX5 amplification. (aacrjournals.org)
Survival1
  • The results support significant roles for miR-126 in regulating cardiac myocyte survival pathways and cell death during exposure to simulated ischemia and acidosis. (biomedres.us)
Cultures2
  • Identification of multipotent luminal progenitor cells in human prostate organoid cultures. (nature.com)
  • Trypanosoma cruzi amastigotes derived from fibroblast cultures and from cell- free liquid mediun were comparatively evaluated as solid-phase of Elisa for Chagas' disease. (bvsalud.org)
Mitosis4
Tyrosine1
  • You may first be treated in the chronic phase with drugs called tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). (webmd.com)
Acute phase1
  • While several lines of evidence suggest a protective role of T cells against disease associated with Dengue virus (DENV) infection, their potential contribution to immunopathology in the acute phase of DENV infection remains controversial, and it has been hypothesized that the more severe form of the disease (dengue hemorrhagic fever, DHF) is associated with altered T cell responses. (mdpi.com)
Phosphorylation1
  • Furthermore, we show expression of MSTN by CML mesenchymal stromal cells, and that myostatin propeptide has a direct and instant effect on CML cells, independent of myostatin, by demonstrating binding of myostatin propeptide to the cell surface and increased phosphorylation of STAT5 and SMAD2/3. (haematologica.org)
Stem cell transplant1
  • Myelosuppressive drugs (eg, hydroxyurea ), stem cell transplantation, and interferon alfa are also sometimes used. (msdmanuals.com)
Bacteria1
Cytosol1
  • Overall, the nuclear matrix was the cell fraction where the highest induction (about 10-fold) of both enzymatic activities was seen at 30 h after dilution, whereas in cytosol and isolated nuclei the increase was about two- and fourfold, respectively. (neb.com)
Activity3
  • Furthermore, pristimerin exhibited a more potent anti‑proliferative activity in CAL‑27 and SCC‑25 cells than the common chemotherapy drugs cisplatin and 5‑fluorouracil. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Li X, Chung CI, Yang J, Chaudhuri S, Munster PN, Shu X. ATM-SPARK: A GFP phase separation-based activity reporter of ATM. (ucsf.edu)
  • 1 After cell division, cells either enter another cell cycle or reduce their CDK activity and enter the quiescent state. (bdbiosciences.com)
Pluripotent1
  • Recent applications of SeV-based vectors include the reprogramming of somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells and vaccine creation. (wikipedia.org)