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RNA, RibosomalRNARNA, Small InterferingRNA, ViralRNA, BacterialRNA EditingRNA SplicingNucleic Acid ConformationRNA Processing, Post-TranscriptionalRNA, Ribosomal, 5.8SRNA, FungalBase SequenceRNA PrecursorsDNA-Directed RNA PolymerasesRNA, TransferRNA, Ribosomal, 28SRNA, Ribosomal, 23SRNA, MessengerRNA VirusesRNA InterferenceRNA, Ribosomal, 18SRNA, Double-StrandedMolecular Sequence DataRNA, Small NucleolarRNA StabilityRNA, CatalyticRNA, Ribosomal, 5SRNA FoldingRNA, Small NuclearRNA Polymerase IIRNA HelicasesRNA, ProtozoanRNA, Ribosomal, 16SRNA, UntranslatedRNA, AntisenseRibosomesSequence Analysis, RNARNA, GuideRNA, PlantRNA CapsDEAD-box RNA HelicasesRNA Polymerase IRNA, ArchaealEscherichia coliNucleic Acid HybridizationDNA, RibosomalRNA CleavageRNA, NeoplasmCell NucleolusRNA Ligase (ATP)Ribosomal ProteinsPseudouridineSpecies SpecificityRibonucleasesSaccharomyces cerevisiaeTranscription, GeneticExoribonucleasesRNA 3' End ProcessingRNA Polymerase IIIRNA-Binding ProteinsProtein BiosynthesisRNA, Small UntranslatedPhylogenyOligoribonucleotidesEndoribonucleasesRNA, NuclearMutationGenome, MitochondrialAmino Acid SequenceSequence Homology, Nucleic AcidRibosome Subunits, Large, EukaryoticRNA, ChloroplastBase PairingDNA, MitochondrialRNA TransportRibonuclease T1Base CompositionRNA, Spliced LeaderRNA, SatelliteMolecular WeightUridineRibonucleoproteinsSaccharomyces cerevisiae ProteinsPlasmidsCell LineExosome Multienzyme Ribonuclease ComplexPlantsBinding SitesNucleic Acid DenaturationConserved SequenceHeLa CellsRiboseDNAModels, MolecularEukaryotic CellsMethylationVirus ReplicationChloroplastsCell NucleusProtein Binding
RRNATRNAsNucleolarLncRNAsMoleculesEukaryoticMRNAsModificationsProteinsGenesSnoRNAsPiRNAsMethylationSpeciesSnRNAsNucleotidesTRNAMicroRNAsSnoRNAEpigeneticTranscriptsPolymerasesEndogenousRibonucleoproteinNcRNAsAbundantProcessesSnRNAComplementaryTranscriptionGenomeSequencesModificationCatalyticSubunitAbundanceCircRNAsCircularFunctionalMiRNAOligonucleotideSynthesisCDNATranscriptomicMaturePurine
RRNA20
  • Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNA) are commonly known to be involved in the processing of precursor ribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA) and small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). (hindawi.com)
  • Existing models suggest that RNA polymerases I and III (Pol I and Pol III) are the only enzymes that directly mediate the expression of the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) components of ribosomes. (nature.com)
  • The shield prevents Pol I from producing sense intergenic noncoding RNAs (sincRNAs) that can disrupt nucleolar organization and rRNA expression. (nature.com)
  • At nucleolar rRNA genes, Pol I synthesizes precursor rRNAs (pre-rRNAs) that are processed into mature 28S, 18S and 5.8S rRNA molecules as they migrate to the granular component at the nucleolar periphery. (nature.com)
  • Transcription of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) by RNA Polymerase (Pol) I in the nucleolus is necessary for ribosome biogenesis, which is intimately tied to cell growth and proliferation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Furthermore, SPEN knockdown activated p53 by upregulating noncoding promoter RNA (pRNA), which represses rRNA transcription and triggers p53-mediated nucleolar stress. (bvsalud.org)
  • rRNA gene transcription is driven by RNA polymerase I (RNPI). (bvsalud.org)
  • More than a hundred modified nucleosides can be found in all domains of life in mRNA, rRNA, and other RNAs such as small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and small nuclear RNA (snRNA). (datexis.com)
  • Distel, D. L., DeLong, E. F., and Waterbury, J. Epub … Bacterial Identification by 16S rRNA Gene Sequence Analysis Background All bacteria contain 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes of approximately 1500 base pairs (bp) in length. (printerresource.com)
  • The most widely understood role of RNA is in protein synthesis, which includes messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) (see Chapter 2). (printerresource.com)
  • To such effect, I want to perform an RNA-Seq experiment in order to analyze potential rRNA transcripts isoforms and processing sites. (printerresource.com)
  • rRNA genes contain regions of variable DNA sequence that are unique to the species carrying the … Ribosomal RNA is transcribed from ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and then bound to ribosomal proteins to form small and large ribosome subunits. (printerresource.com)
  • Base modifications occur primarily in tRNA and ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and occur after the RNA is transcribed. (printerresource.com)
  • In bacteria , a single RNA polymerase produces the primary transcript precursors for all three major classes of RNA: messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA). (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • Notably, for microbes with unknown rRNA sequences, EMBR-seq+ enables rapid iterations in probe design without requiring to start experiments from total RNA. (deylab.com)
  • In eukaryotes, a polycistronic 35S pre-rRNA is transcribed in the nucleolus and cleaved into precursors (pre-rRNAs) of mature 18S and 5.8S rRNAs, as well as 25S or 28S rRNAs in yeast and higher eukaryotes, respectively [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These pre-rRNAs are subject to covalent nucleotide modifications before they assemble with around 80 ribosomal proteins and the independently transcribed 5S rRNA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Given the demand for equimolar amounts of rRNA and ribosomal proteins during ribosome synthesis, it is essential that the transcription of rRNAs and of the mRNAs for ribosomal proteins is coordinated [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The problems caused by rRNA are especially difficult for analyses of RNA molecules of interest that are fragmented. (justia.com)
  • Still further, better methods for removing rRNA, including degraded rRNA, from non-rRNA RNA molecules of interest would greatly improve the applicability and success of methods that comprise deliberately degrading the RNA as part of the particular method (such as the method of Ingolia et al. (justia.com)
TRNAs6
  • Initially, ncRNAs referred to tRNAs and rRNAs. (mdpi.com)
  • Identified in bacterial rRNAs and tRNAs as early as the 1950s, this type of methylation was subsequently found in other RNA molecules, including mRNA, in animal and plant cells as well. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • LSM2-LSM8 probably also is involved degradation of nuclear pre-mRNA by targeting them for decapping, and in processing of pre-tRNAs, pre-rRNAs and U3 snoRNA (By similarity). (innatedb.com)
  • RNA versatility and the complex roles which it plays in cellular life and function are possible through its extensive variation in length from microRNAs and transfer RNAs (tRNAs) of less than 100 nucleosides in length, to long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) of 1000s of nucleosides in length. (datexis.com)
  • The S. purpurea mt genome contains 52 genes: 31 protein-coding, 18 tRNAs, and three rRNAs. (springeropen.com)
  • Study the occurrence of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) in RNA -- a well-known methylation modification found in various RNA molecules including tRNAs, rRNAs, mRNAs, and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). (epigentek.com)
Nucleolar9
  • The snoRNA-dependent modifications are catalyzed by small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein particles (snoRNPs). (hindawi.com)
  • We reveal a nucleolar Pol-II-dependent mechanism that drives ribosome biogenesis, identify disease-associated disruption of nucleoli by noncoding RNAs, and establish locus-targeted R-loop modulation. (nature.com)
  • Our findings revise theories of labour division between the major RNA polymerases, and identify nucleolar Pol II as a major factor in protein synthesis and nuclear organization, with potential implications for health and disease. (nature.com)
  • Traditionally, the nucleolar Pol I and nucleoplasmic Pol III are viewed as the sole mammalian RNA polymerases that directly mediate housekeeping ribosome biogenesis. (nature.com)
  • The new species of ncRNAs include small nuclear ribonucleic acid (snRNAs), small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), small interference RNAs (siRNAs), piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), extracellular RNAs (exRNAs), long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs), small Cajal body-specific RNAs (scaRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs). (mdpi.com)
  • To tease out the roles of nucleolar structure without resorting to the use of multi-action drugs, we knocked down the RNA polymerase I subunit RPA194 in HeLa cells by siRNA. (bvsalud.org)
  • Loss of RPA194 resulted in nucleolar-structural segregation and effects on both nucleolus-proximal and distal-nuclear components. (bvsalud.org)
  • In comparison, when the preribosomal RNA-processing factor, UTP4, was knocked down, neither nucleolar segregation nor the intranuclear effects were observed, demonstrating that the changes of nucleolar proximal and distal nuclear domains in RPA194 knockdown cells unlikely arise from a cessation of ribosome synthesis, rather from the consequence of nucleolar-structure alteration. (bvsalud.org)
  • Rabbit polyclonal to XRN2.Degradation of mRNA is a critical aspect of gene expression that occurs via the exoribonuclease.Exoribonuclease 2 (XRN2) is the human homologue of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAT1, whichfunctions as a nuclear 5′ to 3′ exoribonuclease and is essential for mRNA turnover and cell viability.XRN2 also processes rRNAs and small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) in the nucleus. (scienza-under-18.org)
LncRNAs6
  • ncRNAs can be classified into long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) and small ncRNAs (sncRNAs) [ 4 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • In addition, about 250 noncoding RNA sequences-including well-characterized long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), such as the XIST transcripts that have a key role in X-chromosome inactivation-are decorated by m 6 A. In almost all cases, the epigenetic mark was found on adenosines embedded in the predicted A/G-methylated A-C sequence. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • The aim of this mini-review is to discuss emerging epigenetic roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). (frontiersin.org)
  • In particular, there are incremental examples of the participation of the distinct class of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in AML epigenetic regulation, some of which have translational potential. (frontiersin.org)
  • The second group includes rRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which to date are very poorly functionally annotated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In-depth analysis revealed that lncRNAs is an extensive and very heterogenic group from mRNA-like transcripts to circular RNAs. (biomedcentral.com)
Molecules10
  • U2 spliceosomal snRNAs are a species of small nuclear RNA (snRNA) molecules found in the major spliceosomal (Sm) machinery of virtually all eukaryotic organisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a class of RNA molecules that are biologically functional but not translatable into a protein. (mdpi.com)
  • Modifications to RNA molecules are much more common and are critical for regulating diverse biological processes. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • The different building blocks can affect the complementarity of the RNA molecules, alter their structure, and enable the binding of specific proteins that mediate various biochemical and cellular outcomes. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • Because alternative RNA splicing allows different types of mRNA molecules to be created from a single gene, it generates the diversity of protein function and structure that is essential to complex organisms. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • RNA molecules which hybridize to complementary sequences in either RNA or DNA altering the function of the latter. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • More specifically, antisense oligonucleotides that are useful as reagents for target validation , or as drugs, are engineered molecules that differ from natural RNA but that have a base sequence that is recognized as being complementary to a very specific mRNA sequence. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • A growing body of evidence indicates that epigenetic regulators rely, amongst other factors, on their interaction with untranslated RNA molecules for guidance to particular targets on DNA. (frontiersin.org)
  • Non (protein)-coding RNAs are the most abundant transcriptional products of the coding genome, and comprise several different classes of molecules with unique lengths, conformations and targets. (frontiersin.org)
  • Investigate N6-methyladenosine (m6A) -- the most common and abundant methylation modification in RNA molecules present in eukaryotes. (epigentek.com)
Eukaryotic7
  • Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a novel type of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), are ubiquitously expressed in eukaryotic cells during post-transcriptional processes. (ijbs.com)
  • Among the 140 modified RNA nucleotide variants identified, methylation of adenosine at the N6 position (m6A) is the most prevalent epigenetic mark in eukaryotic mRNA. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • The numerous modified nucleotides in eukaryotic ribosomal RNA. (printerresource.com)
  • Eukaryotic genes are transcribed in the nucleus by three different RNA polymerases , each principally responsible for one of the major classes of RNA. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • Although eukaryotic ribosomes are composed of only four ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and around 80 ribosomal proteins, many other proteins are recruited to help deliver ribosomal subunits to the cytoplasm - at the rate of 2,000 or so ribosomes each minute in a growing yeast cell, for example [ 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ubiquitin is a highly conserved small eukaryotic protein. (123dok.net)
  • Ubiquitin is a small eukaryotic protein of 76 amino acids whose name (i.e., it occurs ubiquitously) results from its remarkable evolutionary conservation [1]. (123dok.net)
MRNAs4
  • The artificial box C/D RNA directed to the branch point adenosine of the second intron, as well as the analogue directed to the last nucleotide of the second exon of the HSPA8 pre-mRNA caused the most prominent influence on the level of HSPA8 mRNAs. (hindawi.com)
  • Bioinformatics analysis revealed that some of these orphan RNAs were complementary to pre-mRNAs or mature mRNAs [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Component of the nuclear LSM2-LSM8 complex, which is involved in splicing of nuclear mRNAs. (innatedb.com)
  • Interestingly, compared to total mRNAs, polysome mRNAs contained high levels of m 5 C. Furthermore, an integrative analysis indicated a transcript-specific relationship between RNA m 5 C methylation and mRNA translation efficiency. (biomedcentral.com)
Modifications12
  • Functionally, many ncRNAs play essentially regulatory roles at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels epigenetically via various molecular mechanisms, such as heterochromatin formation, DNA methylation, histone modifications, and physical interactions with chromatin-modifying proteins to recruit them to specific loci in the genome for chromatin remodeling and transcriptional regulation. (mdpi.com)
  • RNA has over 100 different post-transcriptional modifications. (datexis.com)
  • Even modifications as simple as methyl groups can exhibit distinguishable dynamic motions that depend on their location within the RNA structure, for instance the methyl groups of yeast tRNAPhe. (datexis.com)
  • The prodigious chemical variation provided by the numerous modifications hitherto discovered allow RNA to perform numerous cellular functions. (datexis.com)
  • While the biologically important role of RNA modifications has been extensively studied, the physicochemical nature of the RNA modifications is also of interest because these properties enable or facilitate RNA function. (datexis.com)
  • In this model, large portions of genomic DNA operate as 'sinks', which are filled by 'sources', such as available histone variants, covalent modifications to histones, the readers of these modifications and non-coding RNAs. (biologists.com)
  • These epigenetic mechanisms are mediated by chemical modifications of DNA, proteins (most commonly histones), and RNA. (activemotif.com.cn)
  • Known as the "fifth RNA base", m6A RNA modifications are reversible, highly dynamic, and likely play important biological roles comparable to DNA methylation and histone modification. (epigentek.com)
  • However, to our knowledge, no software is yet available for the untargeted identification of RNA post-transcriptional modifications from MS/MS data-dependent acquisitions. (cnrs.fr)
  • To increase the level of sample complexity, untargeted identification of several RNA modifications from 70S ribosome was achieved by the Nucleos'ID search following CE-MS/MS analysis. (cnrs.fr)
  • As RNA post-transcriptional modifications are of growing interest, several methods were developed for their characterization. (cnrs.fr)
  • However, these methods are successful only for a small fraction of proteins, and intensive trials and modifications are often necessary. (biomedcentral.com)
Proteins8
  • These non-specific structural proteins associate with Sm snRNAs through a highly conserved recognition sequence (AUnG,n = 4-6) located within the RNA called Sm-binding sites. (wikipedia.org)
  • Box C/D RNAs are associated with four snoRNP core proteins: NOP56, NOP58, fibrillarin, and 15.5 kDa [ 5 - 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Box C/D RNAs contain the following functional elements: boxes C and D, which are essential for snoRNA interaction with specific proteins, and a guide sequence that determines the nucleotide to be modified (Figure 1(a) ). (hindawi.com)
  • This enabled the diversified complementarity and secondary structures that allow RNA species to specifically interact with other components of the cellular machinery such as DNA and proteins. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • This gene and/or its encoded proteins are associated with 38 experimentally validated interaction(s) in this database. (innatedb.com)
  • Furthermore, GSOs protected cells against GLU-induced apoptosis by reducing the expression of the mitochondrial apoptosis-associated Bcl-2 family effector proteins and protected cells from GLU-induced oxidative damage by increasing the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and HO-1 expression. (sdbonline.org)
  • These auxiliary proteins include RNases, RNA-modification and - remodeling enzymes, transport factors, and many others whose function is unclear at present. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the central dogma RNA acts as a simple intermediary between the DNA that carries the genetic information and the proteins that define the whole variety of biological processes in the cell. (biomedcentral.com)
Genes7
  • Whithout mutations we would know very little about inheritance and the existence of genes. (intechopen.com)
  • Here we show, however, that RNA polymerase II (Pol II) inside human nucleoli operates near genes encoding rRNAs to drive their expression. (nature.com)
  • Synthetic antisense RNAs are used to effect the functioning of specific genes for investigative or therapeutic purposes. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • Recently, transcriptomic analyses via RNA-seq and microarray analysis of different sheep reproductive organs have provided further insights into the gene expression landscapes of these tissues, and a few novel genes (e.g. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Genes are transcribed by enzymes called RNA polymerases that generate a single-stranded RNA identical in sequence (with the exception of U in place of T) to one of the strands of the double-stranded DNA. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • Transcription of all the genes involved requires the coordinated activities of all three RNA polymerases and consumes more than half of the cellular resources allocated to transcription [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Thousands of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) genes are annotated in the human genome. (biomedcentral.com)
SnoRNAs2
  • To expand understanding of the role of snoRNAs in control of gene expression, in this study we tested the ability of artificial box C/D RNAs to affect the maturation of target pre-mRNA. (hindawi.com)
  • Inasmuch as artificial box C/D RNAs decreased viability of transfected human cells, we propose that natural snoRNAs as well as their artificial analogues can influence the maturation of complementary pre-mRNA and can be effective regulators of vital cellular processes. (hindawi.com)
PiRNAs3
  • SncRNAs are less than 200 nt in length, consisting of microRNAs (miRNAs), Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), endogenous small interfering RNAs (endo-siRNAs or esiRNAs) and transcription initiation RNAs (tiRNAs) [ 6 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are essential for animal fertility. (gokcumenlab.org)
  • Plotting piRNA abundance at each piRNA locus during the eight developmental stages, we detected a burst of expression at the pachytene stage with little piRNA existing in prior stages (Fig. 1c ), indicating that most, if not all, piRNAs in adult testes are pachytene piRNAs. (gokcumenlab.org)
Methylation7
Species2
  • Others are found uniquely in one RNA species such as the complex tricyclic modification of G to wyosine (9H-imidazo[1,2-a]purin-9-one,3,4-dihydro-4,6-dimethyl-3-b-d-ribofuranosyl-) found at position 37 in tRNAPhe of eucaryotes. (datexis.com)
  • We observed that F. succinogenes strain UWB7 downregulated several lignocellulose-degrading carbohydrate-active enzymes in the presence of anerobic gut fungi, suggesting close interactions between two cellulolytic species that specialize in different aspects of biomass breakdown. (deylab.com)
SnRNAs3
  • Similar to ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), Sm snRNAs must mediate both RNA:RNA and RNA:protein contacts and hence have evolved specialized, highly conserved, primary and secondary structural elements to facilitate these types of interactions. (wikipedia.org)
  • The curious observation that a sequence found in the 5´ region of the U1 snRNA exhibited extensive base pairing complementarity with conserved sequences across 5´ splice junctions in hnRNA transcripts prompted speculation that certain snRNAs may be involved in recognizing splice site boundaries through RNA:RNA contacts. (wikipedia.org)
  • U2 snRNAs are the most extensively modified of all the small nuclear RNAs. (wikipedia.org)
Nucleotides2
TRNA1
  • Performances of this new software were evaluated on CE-MS/MS data from nucleoside analyses of already well-described transfer RNA and total tRNA extract. (cnrs.fr)
MicroRNAs1
  • The loss of 5-mC in vault RNAs may cause aberrant processing into Argonaute-associated small RNA fragments that can function as microRNAs. (epigentek.com)
SnoRNA1
  • a) Schematics of a guide box C/D snoRNA structure and the interaction between a snoRNA and target RNAs. (hindawi.com)
Epigenetic5
  • Particularly, the large intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) are associated with chromatin-modifying complexes that target specific genomic loci to promote specific epigenetic states. (mdpi.com)
  • To date, most of our understanding of epigenetic regulation and its participation in leukemogenesis is based on the enzymatic activities and protein-protein interactions of histone and DNA modifiers. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, a growing body of evidence suggests that recruitment, stability, and function of epigenetic factors can be mediated by non-protein-coding RNAs. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, due to the limitation of technology and the advanced structure of RNA, research progress on RNA epigenetic modification has been limited. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, the field of RNA epigenetic modification research has emerged. (biomedcentral.com)
Transcripts1
  • The primary transcripts are modified and trimmed to produce the mature RNAs. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Polymerases1
  • RNA polymerases differ from DNA polymerases in that they can initiate the synthesis of new strands in the absence of a primer. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Endogenous2
Ribonucleoprotein1
  • In vivo, U2 snRNA along with its associated polypeptides assemble to produce the U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP), an essential component of the major spliceosomal complex. (wikipedia.org)
NcRNAs1
  • However, it has been proven that more than 62% of genomic DNA serves as a template for transcription, which indicates that there are abundant non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in human transcriptome [ 2 , 3 ]. (ijbs.com)
Abundant1
  • This showed that non-coding RNAs are a lot more abundant than it was considered before. (biomedcentral.com)
Processes2
  • The involvement of RNA in such fundamental processes as protein synthesis and RNA processing has led to the idea that ribozymes were more common in early life. (printerresource.com)
  • A gene is a segment of DNA that functions as a unit to generate an RNA product or, through the processes of transcription and translation, a polypeptide chain. (basicmedicalkey.com)
SnRNA1
  • In addition to U2 dependent intron recognition, U2 snRNA has been theorized to serve a catalytic role in the chemistry of pre-RNA splicing as well. (wikipedia.org)
Complementary3
  • Using such an approach, it was shown that introducing sequences complementary to a selected pre-mRNA into box C/D RNA structures allowed knockdown of the target mRNA [ 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • RNA-like oligonucleotides that are complementary to a portion of a target mRNA molecule. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • A complementary RNA sequence that binds to a naturally occurring (sense) mRNA molecule, thus blocking its translation. (genomicglossaries.com)
Transcription3
  • RNA polymerase III promoters differ significantly from RNA polymerase II promoters in that they are located downstream from the transcription start site and within the transcribed segment of the DNA. (printerresource.com)
  • Specific sequences on DNA, called promoters , determine where the RNA polymerase binds and how frequently it initiates transcription. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • Here, we provide transcriptome-wide landscapes of m 5 C modification in poly(A)-enriched RNAs together with mRNA transcription and translation profiles for mouse neural stem cells (NSCs) cultured in three different concentrations of folate. (biomedcentral.com)
Genome3
  • Two other major roles for noncoding RNA are in genome defense and in genetic regulation. (printerresource.com)
  • Using an RNA genome, many viruses are known to encode their genetic information. (printerresource.com)
  • A. Ribosomal RNA analysis StructRNAfinder - predicts and annotates RNA families in transcript or genome sequences. (printerresource.com)
Sequences1
  • Uppercase letters in the target pre-mRNA sequences correspond to exons, and small letters indicate the intron sequences. (hindawi.com)
Modification2
  • Although the identification of m6A in RNA is 40 years old, until recently researchers lacked efficient molecular mapping and quantification methods to fully understand the functional implications of the modification. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • All classes of RNA are subject to processing by base modification and cleavage. (printerresource.com)
Catalytic2
  • RNA which contains an intron sequence that has an enzyme- like catalytic activity. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • Not only does RNA translate the genetic code decoding it into protein, but it also has various catalytic and regulatory functions yet to be completely elucidated. (datexis.com)
Subunit1
  • It was also shown that disruptions of either the large or small subunit synthesis pathway do not necessarily impact on the cytoplasmic export of the unaffected subunit [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Abundance2
  • More recently, another group of researchers reported that they had developed a process for optimizing low- abundance RNA, by combining aRNA amplification with template- switching. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • Bacterial mRNA sequencing is inefficient due to the abundance of ribosomal RNA that is challenging to deplete. (deylab.com)
CircRNAs3
  • Unlike linear RNAs, circRNAs form covalent-closed continuous loops without 5' to 3' polarities and poly (A) tails. (ijbs.com)
  • Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a novel member of the lncRNA kingdom, are generated by non-sequential backsplicing of exons, introns or a combination of both [ 7 - 9 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • CircRNAs were first identified in RNA viruses in the 1970s [ 12 - 14 ]. (ijbs.com)
Circular1
  • Wang M, Yu F, Wu W, Zhang Y, Chang W, Ponnusamy M, Wang K, Li P. Circular RNAs: A novel type of non-coding RNA and their potential implications in antiviral immunity. (ijbs.com)
Functional2
  • Akin to the normal hematopoietic system, leukemias are sustained by a small number of leukemia stem-like cells (LSC), which can be distinct from the normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) but also exhibit functional characteristics of self-renewal and (abnormal or hindered) differentiation, and are often quiescent ( 2 - 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • However, in many cases, the RNA needs further processing before it is functional. (printerresource.com)
MiRNA1
  • To improve our knowledge of the sheep prolificacy traits, we conducted mRNA-miRNA integrated profiling of ovarian tissues from two pure breeds with large (Finnsheep) vs. small (Texel) litter sizes and their F1 crosses, half of which were fed a flushing diet. (biomedcentral.com)
Oligonucleotide2
Synthesis2
  • After second- strand cDNA synthesis, T7 RNA polymerase was used to generate aRNA. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • The transcribed region of a gene contains the template for synthesis of an RNA, which begins at the start point. (basicmedicalkey.com)
CDNA2
  • Researchers at Stanford University used such a method to produce amplified heterogeneous populations of RNA from limited quantities of cDNA. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • Amplified RNA synthesized from limited quantities of heterogeneous cDNA. (genomicglossaries.com)
Transcriptomic1
Mature1
  • Mature rRNAs are packaged into 40S and 60S ribosomal subunits for export to the cytoplasm. (nature.com)
Purine1
  • The nucleotide building blocks of RNA contain pyrimidine or purine rings, and each position of these rings can be chemically altered by the addition of various chemical groups. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)