AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and Processes
RotavirusRotavirus InfectionsCapsid ProteinsCapsidRotavirus VaccinesVirionAntigens, ViralParticle SizeGastroenteritisDiarrheaFecesDiarrhea, InfantileToxins, BiologicalIntussusceptionAntibodies, ViralViral Nonstructural ProteinsRNA, ViralMicroscopy, ElectronReoviridae InfectionsVaccines, AttenuatedReoviridae
GastroenteritisVaccineSimian rotavirusVaccinesDiarrheaStrainsCenters for DiseasInfectionVirusesAntigenCommon symptoms of rotavirusControl of rotavirusEffects of rotavirusDsRNADouble-shelledNSP4SymptomsVaccinationReassortmentNonstructural proteinReoviridaeRotarixContagiousBovineCharacterization2023ProteinsInfantsNorovirusAntigensPassed in the stoolCapsid proteinProteinStool specimensAdenovirusInfectDiseaseCommonlyEpidemiologyElectron microscopyCapsidsDehydrationInfectiousNSP1Virus particleReplicationGeneticHumanSurfacesAntibodyReovirus
Gastroenteritis21
Vaccine24
Simian rotavirus8
  • Identification, synthesis, and modifications of simian rotavirus SA11 polypeptides in infected cells. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Cloning and nucleotide sequence of the simian rotavirus gene 6 that codes for the major inner capsid protein. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • On the other hand, homologous murine rotaviruses (ETD or EHP) or the heterologous simian rotavirus (rhesus rotavirus [RRV]) efficiently degrade cellular IRF3, diminish IRF3 activation and IFN-beta secretion and are not replication restricted in wild-type MEFs. (stanford.edu)
  • Genetic determinants restricting the reassortment of heterologous NSP2 genes into the simian rotavirus SA11 genome. (wfu.edu)
  • A new simian rotavirus, designated YK-1, was isolated from a 2-year-old immunodeficient pigtailed macaque with chronic diarrhea. (biomedcentral.com)
  • YK-1 was distinguishable by electropherotype from the other simian rotavirus strains, SA11 and RRV. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Analysis of VP4 and VP7 gene fragments suggests that this strain is a G3P[ 3 ] rotavirus and is closely related to the simian rotavirus strain RRV. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although the two well-characterized simian rotavirus strains are readily available for use as a challenge virus, they have not been used consistently in nonhuman primate models of rotavirus infection because of their numerous passages in cell culture, which is a common method for viral attenuation. (biomedcentral.com)
Vaccines7
  • Both brands of the rotavirus vaccines are given by mouth (drops), not by a shot. (cdc.gov)
  • Vaccinated infants continue to shed infectious particles, and studies show decreased efficacy of the RV vaccines in tropical and subtropical countries where they are needed most. (nih.gov)
  • Rotavirus vaccines have a troubled history - Wyeth's Rotashield was pulled off the market in 1999 after it was linked with a rare but deadly bowel obstruction called intussusception. (darkskiesfilm.com)
  • Two rotavirus vaccines are currently licensed for infants in the United States: RotaTeq® (RV5) is given in 3 doses at ages 2 months, 4 months, and 6 months. (darkskiesfilm.com)
  • This newly isolated rotavirus, YK-1, is being used to establish a nonhuman primate model for studying the infectivity, immunity, and pathogenesis of rotavirus and for evaluating candidate rotavirus vaccines. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The ability to isolate and maintain rotaviruses and to use them in animal model systems has contributed to studies of the mechanisms of pathogenesis and immunity and to the development of vaccines. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The use of simian strains in human vaccines was based on a Jennerianapproach prompted by studies indicating that animal and human rotaviruses share a common group antigen and that experimental animals immunized with human strains of rotavirus had a significantly lower risk of disease and infectivity when subsequently challenged with animal rotaviruses [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Diarrhea20
  • Protects your baby from developing diarrhea, vomiting, and stomach pain caused by rotavirus. (cdc.gov)
  • Rotavirus causes severe diarrhea and vomiting. (cdc.gov)
  • Rotavirus, the most common cause of diarrhea among children, infects virtually every child in the United States by the age of 4 years and causes potentially lethal dehydration in 0.75% of children less than 2 years of age. (cdc.gov)
  • Health-care facilities involved in the detection of rotavirus or the other viral agents of diarrhea can participate. (cdc.gov)
  • In 1978, the same technique was used to detect rotavirus, the most common cause of severe diarrhea in children. (cdc.gov)
  • Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe diarrhea among children. (online-family-doctor.com)
  • Rotavirus is the most common diagnosis for young children with acute diarrhea, but other causes may include bacteria (Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter are most common), parasites (Giardia and Cryptosporidium are most common), localized infection elsewhere, antibiotic-associated adverse effects (such as those related to treatment for Clostridium difficile), and food poisoning. (online-family-doctor.com)
  • Rotavirus (RV) infections cause severe diarrhea in infants and young children worldwide. (nih.gov)
  • Lorrot M, Vasseur M. How do the rotavirus NSP4 and bacterial enterotoxins lead differently to diarrhea? (medscape.com)
  • The epidemiology of rotavirus diarrhea in the United States: surveillance and estimates of disease burden. (medscape.com)
  • A novel equine rotavirus group B pathogen was implicated in the disease based on compelling genetic sequencing evidence coupled with the clinical scenario of a highly contagious pathogen that causes diarrhea in foals under 4 days of age. (thehorse.com)
  • Rotaviruses are the leading cause of severe dehydrating diarrhea in children worldwide. (stanford.edu)
  • Rotavirus has also been implicated as an etiological agent of diarrhea in older children, adult human, young and adult animals, including calves and piglets. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Rotavirus infection is also known as infantile diarrhea (since almost all children are infected in there first few years of life when they are especially at risk for the disease) or winter diarrhea (because in the United states, the disease occurs more often during winter and springs with the most activity occurring from November to May). (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the United states, rotavirus infection are responsible for approximately 3 million cases of diarrhea and an estimated 55,000 hospitalization for diarrhea and dehydration in children under 5 years old each year, although these infection cause relatively few deaths in united States. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our research efforts focus on rotaviruses, which are segmented, double-stranded (ds) RNA viruses that cause diarrhea in young children and animals. (wfu.edu)
  • Rotavirus commonly causes severe, watery diarrhea and vomiting in infants and young children. (darkskiesfilm.com)
  • The most common symptoms of rotavirus are severe watery diarrhea, vomiting, fever, and/or abdominal pain. (darkskiesfilm.com)
  • High titers of rotavirus antigen measured by an immunoassay were consistently detected in the stools of an immunodeficient pigtailed macaque, PFm-1, which was infected naturally with rotavirus and developed severe, chronic diarrhea. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Taking S. boulardii by mouth seems to reduce how long diarrhea lasts in children with diarrhea caused by rotavirus. (medlineplus.gov)
Strains6
  • Although increased levels of systemic type I interferon (IFNalpha and beta) correlate with accelerated resolution of rotavirus disease, multiple rotavirus strains, including rhesus rotavirus (RRV), have been demonstrated to antagonize type I IFN production in a variety of epithelial and fibroblast cell types through several mechanisms, including degradation of multiple interferon regulatory factors by a viral nonstructural protein. (stanford.edu)
  • Therefore, there is a direct relationship between the replication efficiencies of different rotavirus strains in MEFs and strain-related variations in NSP1-mediated antagonism of the type I IFN response. (stanford.edu)
  • We seek to better understand this replicase-assembly mechanism of rotavirus through (i) structure-guided, functional analyses of viral proteins and assembly intermediates as well as (ii) genetic analyses of wildtype and mutant rotavirus strains. (wfu.edu)
  • The prominent gastroenteric virus is rotavirus, which is a double-stranded RNA virus with a segmented nature of genome enabling higher reassortment events and generates unusual strains with unique genomic constellations derivative of parental rotavirus strains. (benthamopen.com)
  • There is a need to understand the ecology and evolutionary biology of emerging rotavirus strains to design effective control programs. (benthamopen.com)
  • Molecular characterization of unusual bovine rotavirus A strains having high genetic relatedness with human rotavirus: Evidence for zooanthroponotic transmission. (benthamopen.com)
Centers for Diseas1
  • Rotavirus is responsible for the hospitalization of approximately 55,000 children each year in the United States and the death of more than 600,000 children annually worldwide, as reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (online-family-doctor.com)
Infection17
  • The physical examination findings for rotavirus infection are often unremarkable except for signs of dehydration. (medscape.com)
  • In most cases, no medication is required for rotavirus infection. (medscape.com)
  • Small numbers of the rotavirus can lead to infection if a baby puts fingers or other objects contaminated with the virus into the mouth. (online-family-doctor.com)
  • Introduction: Rotavirus infection is the leading cause of life-threatening disease among children in many countries. (auckland.ac.nz)
  • Taken together, this research identified that NSP4 acts as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) encoded by rotavirus to stimulate TLR2, and proposed a mechanism for the production of proinflammatory cytokines associated with the clinical symptoms of infection in humans and animals. (auckland.ac.nz)
  • however, little is known about innate immune mechanisms involved in the control of rotavirus infection. (stanford.edu)
  • Additionally, this study demonstrates trypsin-independent infection of primary peripheral cells by rotavirus, which may allow for the establishment of extraintestinal viremia and antigenemia. (stanford.edu)
  • Rotavirus infection of primary human pDCs provides a powerful experimental system for the study of mechanisms underlying pDC-mediated innate immunity to viral infection and reveals a potentially novel dsRNA-dependent pathway of IFNalpha induction. (stanford.edu)
  • Almost all children have had a rotavirus infection by the time they are 5 years old [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Viral particles begin to assemble in the cytoplasm 6-7 hours after infection. (wikidoc.org)
  • The test results are intended to aid in the diagnosis of adenovirus and rotavirus infection and to monitor the effectiveness of therapeutic treatment. (pulsescientific.com)
  • In tropical climates, rotavirus infection can occur all year round. (pulsescientific.com)
  • Only a few particles are needed to transmit infection. (pulsescientific.com)
  • With an active viral infection, a virus makes copies of itself and bursts the host cell (killing it) to set the newly-formed virus particles free. (medicinenet.com)
  • During infection of a host cell, rotaviruses replicate their dsRNA genome in tandem with the early stages of virion particle assembly. (wfu.edu)
  • Hitherto reports confirm infection of humans through rotaviruses of animal origin, exclusively via direct transmission or through gene reassortments between animal and human strain of rotaviruses. (benthamopen.com)
  • To effectively analyze the requirements for protection to rotavirus infection, a reliable animal model that reasonably mimics infection and disease in humans is needed. (biomedcentral.com)
Viruses8
  • These viruses, which virus or viruslike particles to oyster tissues through these are commonly associated with foodborne and waterborne ligands. (cdc.gov)
  • Rotavirus was coined from the Latin word (rota - meaning wheel), and is given because the viruses have a distinct wheel like shape. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Reoviridae is a family of viruses that can affect the gastrointestinal system (such as Rotavirus ) and respiratory tract . (wikidoc.org)
  • Viruses are small particles of genetic material (either DNA or RNA) that are surrounded by a protein coat. (medicinenet.com)
  • Viruses infect a host by introducing their genetic material into the cells and hijacking the cell's internal machinery to make more virus particles. (medicinenet.com)
  • Viruses and bacteria are two types of potentially disease-causing (pathogenic) particles. (medicinenet.com)
  • These viruses are most commonly spread by inhaling droplets containing virus particles. (medicinenet.com)
  • Methods for preserving viruses and other macromolecular assemblies by rapid freezing to liquid nitrogen or liquid helium temperatures have permitted visualization of electron-scattering contrast from the structures in the particle itself and not just from the cast created by a surrounding layer of negative stain. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Antigen3
  • The diagnosis is determined by rapid antigen detection of rotavirus in stool specimens. (online-family-doctor.com)
  • If the sample contains adenovirus or rotavirus antigens, the antigen will bind to the antibody coated on the colloidal gold particles to form antigen-antibody-gold complexes. (pulsescientific.com)
  • Viral antigen particles detected by ELISA were found in 50% of stools after the first dose. (vaccineriskawareness.com)
Common symptoms of rotavirus1
Control of rotavirus1
  • These data define a regulatory mechanism for the difference in amounts of VP6 and NSP1 and provide evidence for post-transcriptional control of rotavirus gene expression mediated by the translational efficiency of individual viral mRNAs. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Effects of rotavirus1
  • NSP4 is also the first described viral enterotoxin which mimics some of the pathogenic effects of rotavirus. (auckland.ac.nz)
DsRNA2
  • Rotavirus mRNAs are transcribed from 11 genomic dsRNA segments within a subviral particle. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • In vitro dsRNA synthesis by rotavirus polymerase mutants with lesions at core shell contact sites. (wfu.edu)
Double-shelled2
  • The rotavirus genome consists of 11 segments of double-stranded RNA enclosed in a double-shelled capsid. (medscape.com)
  • The double-shelled particle is the complete infectious form of the virus. (medscape.com)
NSP42
  • Rotavirus nonstructural protein 4 (NSP4), a trans-ER glycoprotein, mediates the maturation of intermediate vial particles to infectious virions within the infected cells. (auckland.ac.nz)
  • It is observed that NSP4, purified from the medium of rotavirus-infected cells, binds to a wide range of cells of distinct lineage, including immune cells. (auckland.ac.nz)
Symptoms6
Vaccination4
Reassortment1
Nonstructural protein1
Reoviridae2
  • The family Reoviridae is divided into 9 genera, 4 of which-Orthoreovirus, Coltivirus, Rotavirus, and Orbivirus -can infect humans and animals. (medscape.com)
  • Rotavirus (Reoviridae) viral particles consist of capsids with 3 concentric protein layers surrounding the virus genetic material. (emc-proceedings.com)
Rotarix2
Contagious4
  • Rotaviruses are extremely contagious. (pulsescientific.com)
  • How contagious is the rotavirus? (darkskiesfilm.com)
  • As a demonstration of how contagious norovirus is: it has been shown that exposure to fewer than 10 virus particles (virions) is sufficient to cause illness in 50% of those exposed. (fitnessgenes.com)
  • For example, some infants with rotavirus are contagious for up to 10 days and some with RSV are contagious for as long as 4 weeks! (keepkidshealthy.com)
Bovine2
  • Bovine rotavirus with rearranged genome reassorts with human rotavirus. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Using a mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) model, we demonstrate that heterologous bovine (UK and NCDV) and porcine (OSU) rotaviruses fail to effectively degrade cellular IRF3, resulting in IRF3 activation and beta IFN (IFN-beta) secretion. (stanford.edu)
Characterization1
  • Rotavirus double and triple layered viral particles: correlative characterization using electron microscopy, disc centrifuge and capillary electrophoresis. (emc-proceedings.com)
20231
  • 2023). Flexibility of the Rotavirus NSP2 C-terminal Region Supports Factory Formation via Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation. (wfu.edu)
Proteins3
  • Group A rotavirus VP1 polymerase and VP2 core shell proteins: intergenotypic sequence variation and in vitro functional compatibility. (wfu.edu)
  • In some embodiments, the nanosphere particle comprises wild-type HPV L2 capsid proteins. (justia.com)
  • The new viral proteins are then formed into new virus particles that are released from the gut lining cell and go on to infect other intestinal cells. (fitnessgenes.com)
Infants2
Norovirus5
  • Pogan R, Schneider C, Reimer R, Hansman G, Uetrecht C. Norovirus-like VP1 particles exhibit isolate dependent stability profiles. (medscape.com)
  • In particular, the protein shell of norovirus particles has a protein (known as VP1) which allows it to attach to HBGAs on human cells. (fitnessgenes.com)
  • After attaching to a HBGA, a norovirus particle is able to enter inside a gut lining cell. (fitnessgenes.com)
  • By entering and infecting intestinal cells, norovirus particles cause cell damage and trigger an inflammatory response in the gut. (fitnessgenes.com)
  • The researchers took a new approach, expressing norovirus capsid protein to create viruslike particles that cannot cause the disease but nevertheless stimulate an immune response. (medscape.com)
Antigens2
  • Stool samples were obtained and assayed for rotavirus antigens by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay technique using standard diagnostic BIOLINE Rotavirus kit. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Adeno-Rota Combo Test is an in vitro qualitative immunochromatographic assay for the rapid detection of adenovirus and rotavirus antigens in human stool specimen. (pulsescientific.com)
Passed in the stool1
Capsid protein1
  • The number of particles in 1 µg of VLPs to Tissue Sections was calculated by multiplying the molecular mass of the Treatment with periodate was performed as previously major capsid protein VP1 (58 kDa) by the number of described ( 23 ). (cdc.gov)
Protein5
  • The RNA is surrounded by a double icosahedral protein capsid, the viral particles measures 60-80 nm in diameter and is not enveloped [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Rotaviruses from a single location over an 18-year timespan suggests protein co-adaption influences gene constellations. (wfu.edu)
  • In some embodiments, methods and compositions are provided for creating and using virion-derived protein nanosphere particles (NSPs) that exhibit surprising selectivity for delivering molecules to tumors without targeting healthy tissue and without producing a serotype-specific immunogenic response in the subject. (justia.com)
  • Reovirus particles are composed of an inner protein shell (ie, core) of a diameter of 60 nm, which is surrounded by an outer protein shell (ie, outer capsid) that measures 81 nm in diameter. (medscape.com)
  • Rotavirus assembly is a complex process that involves the stepwise acquisition of protein layers in distinct intracellular locations to form the fully assembled particle. (diamond.ac.uk)
Stool specimens1
  • Of the 93 stool specimens collected, 56 (60%) were positive for rotavirus. (who.int)
Adenovirus2
  • The sample flows through a pad containing antibodies against adenovirus and rotavirus coupled to red-colored colloidal gold. (pulsescientific.com)
  • These complexes move on the nitrocellulose membrane by capillary action toward the test line region on which adenovirus and rotavirus specific antibodies are immobilized separately. (pulsescientific.com)
Infect1
  • Either way, new virus particles are then free to infect other cells. (medicinenet.com)
Disease4
  • Protects your baby from rotavirus, a potentially serious disease. (cdc.gov)
  • Playing with toys, attending day care, distance of source of water from toilet, eating of food not requiring cooking and playing with other children may serve as predisposing factors of rotavirus disease in these children. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The genus Rotavirus contains 3 groups, A, B, and C, with group A causing most outbreaks of disease. (medscape.com)
  • Children who get rotavirus disease can become dehydrated and may need to be hospitalized. (darkskiesfilm.com)
Commonly1
  • Rotavirus commonly spreads in families, hospitals, and childcare centers. (cdc.gov)
Epidemiology1
  • The zooanthroponotic and anthropozoonotic potential of rotaviruses has significant implications for rotavirus epidemiology. (benthamopen.com)
Electron microscopy2
  • Electron microscopy is the most direct way to determine the general morphology of a virus particle. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • Rotavirus-like virus particles were detected by electron microscopy in stool extracts from this macaque (data not shown). (biomedcentral.com)
Capsids1
  • the outer capsids of rotaviruses and orbiviruses lack well-defined subunit structures. (medscape.com)
Dehydration1
  • Rotavirus induced dehydration is a major cause of infant morbidity in both developed and underdeveloped countries, and a major cause of infant mortality in the developing countries. (pulsescientific.com)
Infectious1
  • This is when a virus is present within a cell, but not actively producing more infectious virus particles. (thehindu.com)
NSP13
  • Rotavirus NSP1 has been shown to function as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that mediates proteasome-dependent degradation of interferon (IFN) regulatory factors (IRF), including IRF3, -5, and -7, and suppresses the cellular type I IFN response. (stanford.edu)
  • However, the effect of rotavirus NSP1 on viral replication is not well defined. (stanford.edu)
  • Prior studies used genetic analysis of selected reassortants to link NSP1 with host range restriction in the mouse, suggesting that homologous and heterologous rotaviruses might use their different abilities to antagonize the IFN response as the basis of their host tropisms. (stanford.edu)
Virus particle1
  • For the structure of any virus particle, a central constraint is that the information needed to specify its macromolecular components must not exhaust the genetic capacity of the packaged genome. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Replication1
  • Electron microscopic analysis of rotavirus assembly-replication intermediates. (wfu.edu)
Genetic3
  • We also have projects that aim to uncover rotavirus genetic diversity in nature and to elucidate selection pressures that temper viral evolution. (wfu.edu)
  • Reverse genetic engineering of simian rotaviruses with temperature-sensitive lesions in VP1, VP2, and VP6. (wfu.edu)
  • Virus particles are carriers of genetic material from one cell to another. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Human1
  • Rotavirus particles remain active on human hands for at least 4 hours, on hard dry surfaces for 10 days, and on wet areas for weeks. (pulsescientific.com)
Surfaces1
  • This can happen if infected stool ends up in the water supply or on agricultural fields, if flies land on it, and transfers stool particles to other places, or by touching contaminated surfaces. (osmosis.org)
Antibody1
  • Laboratory tests used for stool testing are either microbial particle-based or antibody-based, which include chemiluminescence immunoassays (CLIA), immunoassays, and molecular diagnostic testing. (credenceresearch.com)
Reovirus2
  • Rotavirus is part of the reovirus family, where reo- stands for respiratory, enteric , and orphan. (osmosis.org)
  • Rotavirus is a double-stranded RNA virus from the reovirus family. (osmosis.org)