• The deduced amino acid sequences of the outer capsid protein, VP7, of serotype G1 rotavirus clinical isolates collected over a 6 year period (1990-1995) in Melbourne, Australia, were examined. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Reovirus particles are composed of an inner protein shell (ie, core) of a diameter of 60 nm, which is surrounded by an outer protein shell (ie, outer capsid) that measures 81 nm in diameter. (medscape.com)
  • The RNA is surrounded by a double icosahedral protein capsid, the viral particles measures 60-80 nm in diameter and is not enveloped [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Based on the antigenic properties of the VP6 capsid protein, they have been classified into eight serogroups (A-H). The most important of them are viruses from group A (RVA), which are responsible for more than 90% of cases of rotaviral diarrhoea. (am-online.org)
  • Rotavirus viral protein (VP) 7 (G) and VP4 (P) were admitted and prospectively until hospital discharge. (cdc.gov)
  • and major capsid protein VP1 (ORF2) and minor capsid protein VP2 (ORF3) genes, complete cds. (cdc.gov)
  • ORF2 encodes the major structural protein (VP1), and ORF3 encodes a minor structural protein (VP2) [7]. (researchsquare.com)
  • A total of five major Open Reading Frames (ORF) were found in COVID-19: the ORF 1a/b region coding replicase and other enzymes, the spike or S protein ORF, M or membrane glycoprotein ORF, E or small membrane protein ORF and the N or nucleocapsid ORF ( fig. 1 )[ 5 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Viruses consist of genetic material - either deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ribonucleic acid (RNA) - surrounded by a protective coating of protein, called a capsid, with or without an outer lipid envelope. (alterphyto.com)
  • Hexon and penton structures form the capsid of AdV, and fiber protein mediates the binding of the virion to the cell surface and is a major determinant of viral tropism. (genemedi.com)
  • Recombinant DNA technology is used to prepare HPV vaccines from the major capsid (L1) protein of HPV. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The genome is surrounded by a protein capsule called the capsid. (sterillium.info)
  • Gardasil9 is a recombinant human papillomavirus (HPV) 9-valent vaccine, containing purified major capsid L1 protein of HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58 re-assembled into virus-like particles (VLPs) as the active ingredient. (sanevax.org)
  • They are often composed of CAPSID PROTEINS, especially L1 protein, from various types of ALPHAPAPILLOMAVIRUS. (childrensmercy.org)
  • In some embodiments, the mutated HPV L1 capsid protein has an amino acid sequence alteration that modifies in the subject HPV serotype-specific immunogenicity of the capsid protein relative to a naturally-occurring capsid protein. (justia.com)
  • This study was conducted to determine the incidence of rotavirus infection in children with gastroenteritis attending Jos university teaching hospital, Plateau State. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Rotavirus were detected in faeces of 22(13.8%) children with acute diarrhea, 90.9% of positive cases of rotavirus gastroenteritis were under 2 years of age with highest prevalence in children 7-12 months of age. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Rotavirus is recognized as a major cause of non bacterial gastroenteritis (infection of the stomach and intestinal tract leading to diarrhea and vomiting) especially in infants and young children worldwide [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, in developing countries, rotavirus gastroenteritis account for more than 800,000 childhood deaths per year due to poor nutrition and health care [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Rotavirus gastroenteritis is a mild to severe disease, once a child is exposed to rotavirus infection, it takes about 1-2 days (incubation period) before symptoms often starts with fever, nausea and vomiting, which are often followed by abdominal cramps and frequent watery diarrhea (which may last for 3-8 days) infected children may also have a cough and runny nose. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Dehydration is a serious complication of rotavirus, if not immediately managed it can lead to hypovolemia (a disorder in which the volume of circulating blood decreases) and circulatory collapse and eventual death, in severe cases children may suffer from symptoms of rotavirus gastroenteritis for up to 9 days and then recover [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A total of 225 chil- epidemiology of HA rotavirus gastroenteritis, many studies dren with HA-AGE and 351 with CA-AGE were enrolled in have been limited by inadequate design and methodology, the study. (cdc.gov)
  • BACKGROUND: Noroviruses are the major cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in people of all ages globally. (cdc.gov)
  • Their mechanism of RNA packaging, replication and transcription is similar to that of the Reoviridae of which one member, rotavirus, is a major cause of infant gastroenteritis. (cuny.edu)
  • mixed human rotavirus electropherotypes were detected in stool samples from patients with acute gastroenteritis in santiago, chile. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • comparative studies using the immunofluorescence technic in experimental transmissible gastroenteritis and rotavirus infection of piglets]. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • rotavirus antibody determination by the neutralization test and electron microscopic detection of viruses in children with acute gastroenteritis]. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • Noroviruses have been considered as the second most common virus cause of sporadic gastroenteritis after rotavirus in children [2-5]. (researchsquare.com)
  • Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe gastroenteritis in infants and young children worldwide. (cdc.gov)
  • Before initiation of the rotavirus vaccination program in the United States in 2006, approximately 80% of U.S. children had rotavirus gastroenteritis by age 5 years. (cdc.gov)
  • In February 2006, a live, oral, human-bovine reassortant rotavirus vaccine (RotaTeq® [RV5]) was licensed as a 3-dose series for use among U.S. infants for the prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis, and the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended routine use of RV5 among U.S. infants (CDC. (cdc.gov)
  • This report updates and replaces the 2006 ACIP statement for prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis. (cdc.gov)
  • severe dehydrating gastroenteritis caused by rotavirus occurred primarily among children aged 4-23 months ( 13--15 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Footnote 2 The European Rotavirus Vaccination Advocacy Committee ( ERVAC ) has recently advocated introduction of rotavirus vaccine into childhood immunization programs, although the members agree that further studies on the burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis in Europe need to be done for a better evaluation of the cost and benefit of rotavirus vaccination programs. (canada.ca)
  • Group A rotaviruses are the major etiologic agents of proteins, VP7 (defi ning G genotypes) and VP4 (defi ning severe infantile diarrhea. (cdc.gov)
  • Based on these proteins, a dual classifi cation system of rhea each year, resulting in 440,000 infant and child deaths, group A rotaviruses has been introduced ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The core is composed of 3 major (ie, lambda-1, lambda-2, sigma-2) and several minor proteins that surround 10 segments of double-stranded RNA. (medscape.com)
  • Medicine, agriculture, and industrial manufacturing all rely on high-quality proteins as major active components or process additives. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Then the endosome acidifies, resulting in disassociation of capsid proteins and transportation of viral DNA into nucleus. (genemedi.com)
  • The dsDNA encodes the early proteins and capsid proteins. (biologydiscussion.com)
  • In recent time, vegetables have also been identified as safe and economic expression system for producing the recombinant proteins including the vaccines against many infectious diseases like hepatitis B, malaria, rotavirus, HIV, Helicobacter pylori , pestedes petits ruminants etc. (scialert.net)
  • In some embodiments, the nanosphere particle comprises wild-type HPV L2 capsid proteins. (justia.com)
  • Early proteins are involved in viral replication, life cycle, and regulation of viral gene expression, while the late proteins assemble the viral capsid. (creative-biolabs.com)
  • Structural basis of molecular motor regulation in a viral capsid. (cuny.edu)
  • the distribution of viral antigen in intestinal tissues was determined by immunofluorescent staining with anti-simian rotavirus (sa-11) serum. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • results showed that glycosylation of vp7 is not required for normal viral morphogenesis and infectivity and suggested that the nonstructural glycoprotein is involved in assembly of the outer capsid. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • The late transcribed genes are L1-L5, encoding viral capsid components (Fig. 7B). (genemedi.com)
  • After the synthesis of viral genome and capsid, they are assembled into viral products, releasing out of cell, and the infected cell starts lysis [45]. (genemedi.com)
  • Besides the major ORF, additional early genes such as E4 and the viral oncogenes E6 and E7 are present in many PV, and E5 is encoded in, for example, genital Alpha-PV types. (creative-biolabs.com)
  • P typing results from a global collection of rotavirus strains: implications for vaccine development. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • 5. Genetic changes and reassortment as factors leading to the formation of zoonotic rotavirus strains. (am-online.org)
  • 6. Impact of human immunization on changes in genotype profile of circulating rotavirus strains. (am-online.org)
  • monoclonal antibodies were derived against the sa11 simian, nic bovine, and wa human rotavirus strains and characterized by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, plaque neutralization, and hemagglutination inhibition. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • According to genetic analysis of RdRp and capsid sequences, the strains were clustered into 19 RdRp/capsid genotypes, and 12 of them were discordant RdRp and capsid genotypes, such as GII.Pe/GII.4-Sydney_2012, GII.P12/GII.3, GII.P7/GII.6, GII.Pe/GII.3, GII.P16/GII.2. (researchsquare.com)
  • To date, several mucosal antiviral vaccines have been licensed, which include attenuated strains of the corresponding viruses: poliomyelitis, influenza, and rotavirus. (crie.ru)
  • Because on the confl uence of hundreds of rivers and is inundated recently licensed rotavirus vaccines include only the P[8] with water every year due to enhanced rainfall during the specifi city, it is unknown how the vaccines will perform in monsoon season, starting in June ( 10 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The effi cacy trials of these types not targeted by candidate rotavirus vaccines ( 18-21 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Rotavirus vaccines could substantially contribution to HA-AGE and CA-AGE of rotavirus and 4 reduce the incidence of HA-AGE in children. (cdc.gov)
  • This report presents the recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) for use of two rotavirus vaccines among U.S. infants: RotaTeq® (RV5) (Merck and Company, Whitehouse Station, New Jersey), which was licensed by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in February 2006 ( 10 ) and Rotarix® (RV1) (GlaxoSmithKline [GSK] Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium), which was licensed by FDA in April 2008 ( 11 ). (cdc.gov)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Papillomavirus Vaccines" by people in this website by year, and whether "Papillomavirus Vaccines" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (childrensmercy.org)
  • Efficacy of a quadrivalent rhesus rotavirus-based human rotavirus vaccine aimed at preventing severe rotavirus diarrhea in infants and young children. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Three thousand children are now hospitalised with rotavirus every year, down from 10,000 before the vaccine was introduced in 2007. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bishop was awarded the Florey Medal in 2013 for her discovery of rotavirus and subsequent work helping to develop a vaccine. (wikipedia.org)
  • ABC News Online (28 Oct 2013) "Professor Ruth Bishop awarded Florey Medal for work on rotavirus vaccine. (wikipedia.org)
  • In April 2008, a live, oral, human attenuated rotavirus vaccine (Rotarix® [RV1]) was licensed as a 2-dose series for use among U.S. infants, and in June 2008, ACIP updated its rotavirus vaccine recommendations to include use of RV1. (cdc.gov)
  • ACIP recommends routine vaccination of U.S. infants with rotavirus vaccine. (cdc.gov)
  • The recommendations in this report also address the maximum ages for doses, contraindications, precautions, and special situations for the administration of rotavirus vaccine. (cdc.gov)
  • Divergence of VP7 genes of G1 rotaviruses isolated from infants vaccinated with reassortant rhesus rotavirus. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • A human rotavirus with rearranged genes 7 and 11 encodes. (hal.science)
  • All the samples were analyzed by conventional reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for genogroup II targeting both the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and partial capsid genes. (researchsquare.com)
  • Top panel: a simplified map of the adenovirus serotype 5 genome showing the early genes (E1-E4) and the region from which the major late transcript is produced. (genemedi.com)
  • They include the major genes that are present in all PV, namely the early genes E1 and E2 as well as the late genes L1 and L2. (creative-biolabs.com)
  • the outer capsids of rotaviruses and orbiviruses lack well-defined subunit structures. (medscape.com)
  • Stool samples were obtained and assayed for rotavirus antigens by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay technique using standard diagnostic BIOLINE Rotavirus kit. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Rotaviruses contain 11 genome segments, and coltiviruses have 12 segments. (medscape.com)
  • The genome of rotavirus consists of 11 segments of double stranded linear molecules of RNA which are 18,555 nucleoside base pair in total. (biomedcentral.com)
  • genome double-stranded rnas isolated from purified human reovirus (serotype 3) and rotavirus (wa strain) were modified at the 3' termini by addition of oligo(c) approximately 15 with t4 rna ligase. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • mouse rotavirus (epizootic diarrhea of infant mice) was used as a model to study the role of virus-specific immunity in infection and diarrheal disease. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • Bishop also published theoretical works about the patterns in the epidemiology of rotavirus infection. (wikipedia.org)
  • Scaling properties and symmetrical patterns in the epidemiology of rotavirus infection. (wikipedia.org)
  • Rotavirus infection shows a characteristic seasonal pat- with diarrhea visiting 1 urban and 1 rural hospital in Bangla- tern that is not clearly understood. (cdc.gov)
  • Almost all children have had a rotavirus infection by the time they are 5 years old [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Rotavirus infection is also known as infantile diarrhea (since almost all children are infected in there first few years of life when they are especially at risk for the disease) or winter diarrhea (because in the United states, the disease occurs more often during winter and springs with the most activity occurring from November to May). (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the United states, rotavirus infection are responsible for approximately 3 million cases of diarrhea and an estimated 55,000 hospitalization for diarrhea and dehydration in children under 5 years old each year, although these infection cause relatively few deaths in united States. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 3. Group A rotavirus infection in humans. (am-online.org)
  • 4. Group A rotavirus infection in animals. (am-online.org)
  • virus-specific immunity in neonatal and adult mouse rotavirus infection. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • cross infection with rotavirus of different species]. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • comparison of electron microscopy, gel electrophoresis and the immunofluorescence technic in the diagnosis of rotavirus infection in calves]. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • Enteric viruses are major etiologic agents of acute gas- troenteritis (AGE) among infants and young children Materials and Methods worldwide ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • diagnosis of rotavirus infections in infants and small children]. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • Each year during the 1990s and early 2000s, rotavirus resulted in approximately 410,000 physician visits, 205,000-272,000 emergency department visits, and 55,000-70,000 hospitalizations among U.S. infants and children, with total annual direct and indirect costs of approximately $1 billion. (cdc.gov)
  • The virions of Reoviridae family viruses measure 60-80 nm in diameter and possess 2 concentric capsid shells, each of which is icosahedral. (medscape.com)
  • electron-optic demonstration of rotaviruses in human small intestine epithelial cells]. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • Rotavirus infects the proximal small intestine, where it elaborates an enterotoxin and destroys the epithelial surface, resulting in blunted villi, extensive damage, and shedding of massive quantities of virus in stool ( 13 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The tremendous incidence of rotavirus disease under- sequence analysis ( 11-13 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Rotaviruses cause diarrhoea and vomiting in young children and are a leading cause of death in the developing countries. (wikipedia.org)
  • dose effect on experimental reproduction of rotavirus diarrhoea in colostrum-deprived newborn calves. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • the functions of the two rotavirus glycoproteins were investigated by using tunicamycin and a variant of sa11 rotavirus having nonglycosylated vp7. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • The genus Rotavirus contains 3 groups, A, B, and C, with group A causing most outbreaks of disease. (medscape.com)
  • Playing with toys, attending day care, distance of source of water from toilet, eating of food not requiring cooking and playing with other children may serve as predisposing factors of rotavirus disease in these children. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Rotavirus has also been implicated as an etiological agent of diarrhea in older children, adult human, young and adult animals, including calves and piglets. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Under the electron microscope cells were seen to be infected with viruses, which were originally named "duovirus" because they were seen in the duodenum and had a double capsid. (wikipedia.org)
  • Rotavirus was coined from the Latin word (rota - meaning wheel), and is given because the viruses have a distinct wheel like shape. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, the development of antiviral agents is a major focus of current research, and the study of viruses has led to many discoveries important to human health. (alterphyto.com)
  • Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is generally accepted to be a major route by which nonenveloped viruses infect cells [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Rotaviruses belong to the genus Reoviridae and consist of 11 segments of double-stranded RNA. (cdc.gov)
  • G2P[4] and G12P[6] Rotavirus, Bangladesh might be altered by the changing pattern in the distribution The same criteria as those used by the Dakopatts kit were of different G and P genotypes ( 17,22,23 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The family Reoviridae is divided into 9 genera, 4 of which-Orthoreovirus, Coltivirus, Rotavirus, and Orbivirus -can infect humans and animals. (medscape.com)
  • Rotaviruses show great genomic diversity, and several rotavirus G types, and have been approved by the Food studies in different regions of Bangladesh have identifi ed and Drug Administration ( 3,4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Variation in neutralization epitopes of human rotaviruses in relation to genomic RNA polymorphism. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The name "rotavirus" was later suggested by the Irishman, Thomas Henry Flewett, because of the round, wheel-like shape of virus particles. (wikipedia.org)
  • Molecular evidence indicated rotaviruses agents among children with HA-AGE. (cdc.gov)
  • Monomeric IgA is also one of the major immunoglobulin classes present in serum, second only to IgG. (biomedcentral.com)
  • serum and intestinal immune response to rotavirus enteritis in children. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • this study was designed to assess the serum and mucosal immune response to naturally acquired rotavirus enteritis in children. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • Rotavirus (RV) infections are a major epidemiological problem in humans and farm animals. (am-online.org)
  • Rotavirus is the most common single cause of severe diarrhea leading to dehydration and death ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Influenza virus continues to be a major public health concern, causing both annual epidemics and occasional pandemics ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • elaboration of a technic for the detection of rotaviruses in sewage]. (liverpool.ac.uk)