• PTK2 protein tyrosine kinase 2 (PTK2), also known as focal adhesion kinase (FAK), is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the PTK2 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • PTK2 is a focal adhesion-associated protein kinase involved in cellular adhesion (how cells stick to each other and their surroundings) and spreading processes (how cells move around). (wikipedia.org)
  • The PTK2 gene encodes a cytosolic protein tyrosine kinase that is found concentrated in the focal adhesions that form among cells attaching to extracellular matrix constituents. (wikipedia.org)
  • This cytosolic kinase has been implicated in diverse cellular roles including cell locomotion, mitogen response and cell survival. (wikipedia.org)
  • Focal adhesion kinase has four defined regions, or tertiary structure domains. (wikipedia.org)
  • 3. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis triggered by RAFTK/pyk2 via Src kinase is antagonized by paxillin. (nih.gov)
  • 4. Complex formation with focal adhesion kinase: A mechanism to regulate activity and subcellular localization of Src kinases. (nih.gov)
  • 5. Insulin-induced tyrosine dephosphorylation of paxillin and focal adhesion kinase requires active phosphotyrosine phosphatase 1D. (nih.gov)
  • 7. Hyperosmotic stress induces rapid focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation at tyrosines 397 and 577. (nih.gov)
  • 15. Regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2-mediated phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase by heat shock protein 90 and Src kinase activities. (nih.gov)
  • 19. Concerted activity of tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2 and focal adhesion kinase in regulation of cell motility. (nih.gov)
  • SRC is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that plays critical roles in numerous cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and survival. (cusabio.com)
  • Insulin/insulin-like growth factor signalling (IIS), acting primarily through the PI3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT kinase signalling cassette, plays key evolutionarily conserved regulatory roles in nutrient homeostasis, growth, ageing and longevity. (sdbonline.org)
  • Throughout apoptosis, FAK is an important contributor to cell rounding, loss of focal contacts and apoptotic membrane formations such as blebbing, which involves contracting the cortical actin ring and is followed by chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation. (wikipedia.org)
  • In agreement with the hypothesis that ARAP2 mediates effects of RhoA, endogenous ARAP2 associated with focal adhesions (FAs) and reduction of ARAP2 expression, by RNAi, resulted in fewer FAs and actin stress fibers (SFs). (biologists.com)
  • Receptor-binding transiently activates Cdc42/Rac1 GTPase and subsequent recruitment of adhesion molecules and components of the actin polymerizing module (e.g. (mechanobio.info)
  • The integrin family of heterodimeric transmembrane receptors mediates cell-matrix adhesion. (silverchair.com)
  • Focal adhesions (FAs) are integrin-based transmembrane assemblies that connect a cell to its extracellular matrix (ECM). (nih.gov)
  • The adherens junction, a major mechanism of intercellular adhesion, is comprised of transmembrane cadherins forming homotypic interactions between adjacent cells and associated cytoplasmic catenins linking the cadherins to the cytoskeleton. (hindawi.com)
  • Release of this auto-inhibitory interaction has been shown to occur within focal adhesions-but not in the cytoplasm-and therefore is thought to require interaction with focal adhesion proteins, potentially as a result of mechanical forces transmitted through the focal adhesion. (wikipedia.org)
  • 17. Csk enhances insulin-stimulated dephosphorylation of focal adhesion proteins. (nih.gov)
  • Integrin-mediated adhesion between the ECM and the cytoskeleton is crucial for tissue interactions during development. (silverchair.com)
  • Integrins often localize in highly organized structures, such as focal adhesions in tissue culture and myotendinous junctions in muscles. (silverchair.com)
  • Our observations point to an important function for Zasp in the assembly of integrin adhesion sites both in cell culture and in tissues. (silverchair.com)
  • In tissues, small adhesion sites mature during development into stable hemiadherens junctions that connect epithelia to the basement membrane and into myotendinous junctions that connect the tips of striated muscles to the ECM. (silverchair.com)
  • Microfilament-coordinated adhesion dynamics drives single cell migration and shapes whole tissues. (usal.es)
  • FAK is a protein of 125 kD recruited as a participant in focal adhesion dynamics between cells, and has a role in motility and cell survival. (wikipedia.org)
  • Wavelet Imaging on Multiple Scales (WIMS) reveals focal adhesion distributions, dynamics and coupling between actomyosin bundle stability. (usal.es)
  • Inflammatory conditions promote the disassembly of the adherens junction and a loss of intercellular adhesion, creating openings or gaps in the endothelium through which small molecules diffuse and leukocytes transmigrate. (hindawi.com)
  • Most known attractive signals act as chemoattractants, often generating the formation of adhesion molecules within the growth cone to promote selective extension of the filopodia towards the cue, whilst ensuring the formation of filopodia or lamellipodia is decreased in other directions. (mechanobio.info)
  • It seems to be a paradox that FAK is not absolutely required for cell migration, and may play other roles in the cell, including the regulation of the tumor suppressor p53. (wikipedia.org)
  • 1. The rat tyrosine phosphatase eta increases cell adhesion by activating c-Src through dephosphorylation of its inhibitory phosphotyrosine residue. (nih.gov)
  • 10. Protein-tyrosine phosphatase alpha regulates Src family kinases and alters cell-substratum adhesion. (nih.gov)
  • By regulating the paracellular pathway, VE-cadherin-based cell-cell contacts maintain the strong intercellular adhesion required for the vessel's barrier function, while at the same time allowing for sufficient plasticity when required. (hindawi.com)
  • Although Piezo1 channels diffuse readily in the plasma membrane and are widely distributed across the cell, their flicker activity is enriched near force-producing adhesions. (nature.com)
  • however, cell adhesion, cell-to-cell communication and differentiation are common functions of the ECM. (knowpia.com)
  • There, he identified mechanisms that control cellular polarity during cell migration, and the specific roles of non-muscle myosin II isoforms in a variety of cellular phenomena. (usal.es)
  • ROCK is involved with subsequent stabilization and maturation of adhesions, which supports migration in the direction of the attractive signal. (mechanobio.info)
  • 11. Differential regulation of components of the focal adhesion complex by heregulin: role of phosphatase SHP-2. (nih.gov)
  • 18. Hormonal regulation of focal adhesions in bovine adrenocortical cells: induction of paxillin dephosphorylation by adrenocorticotropic hormone. (nih.gov)
  • Epigenetic alterations caused by modification of DNA methylation are therefore considered to play crucial roles in arsenic carcinogenesis ( Sutherland and Costa 2003 ). (nih.gov)
  • Conversely, overexpression of ARAP2 did not restore SFs in cells treated with a ROK inhibitor but induced punctate accumulations of paxillin. (biologists.com)
  • Previously, it has been found that both genetic and epigenetic factors may play critical roles in its etiology and prognosis. (cancerindex.org)
  • Thus, understanding how Piezo1 functions is critical for deciphering its diverse physiological roles. (nature.com)
  • 12. Roles of Gab1 and SHP2 in paxillin tyrosine dephosphorylation and Src activation in response to epidermal growth factor. (nih.gov)
  • A carboxy-terminal region of one hundred and fifty-nine amino acids, the focal adhesion targeting domain (FAT), has been shown to be responsible for targeting FAK to focal adhesions. (wikipedia.org)