Role substrate specificity. Medical search. Frequent questions

Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases 1-3 (NPP1-3) are type-II transmembrane metalloenzymes with broad substrate specificity. (umich.edu)
These structures formed the basis for molecular dynamics simulations to understand the broad substrate specificity of this enzyme and the role of active site residues in the phospho-transfer mechanism and oligomerization. (rcsb.org)
They have broad substrate specificity ranging from small molecule esters such as phenylester to long chain fatty acid esters and thioesters. (rndsystems.com)
These systems therefore solve the specificity problem by possessing such broad substrate specificities that they metabolise almost any non-polar compound. (bionity.com)

Marked interindividual differences in expression of the CYP2A6 gene was found in livers analyzed in vitro and in humans phenotyped in vivo by using coumarin, a specific substrate for the enzyme. (nih.gov)
Structure and substrate specificity determinants of the taurine biosynthetic enzyme cysteine sulphinic acid decarboxylase. (uib.no)
Les nouvelles avancées sur le sujet, particulièrement sur la structure et la régulation basée sur des modifications post-traductionnelles de PP2A, soulignent bien l'importance de la composition de l'holoenzyme PP2A dans les multiples rôles de cette enzyme majeure. (ac.be)
Studies on some homologues suggest no role for the serine residue at the active site, while others suggest a crucial role for this serine in the regulation and quaternary association of this enzyme in some species. (rcsb.org)
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is a zinc metalloprotease best known for its role in blood pressure regulation. (rcsb.org)
The crystal structure of the PRC1 ubiquitylation module bound to its nucleosome core substrate is determined, revealing how a histone-modifying enzyme achieves substrate specificity by recognizing nucleosome surfaces distinct from the site of catalysis, and uncovering a unique role for the ubiquitin E2 enzyme in substrate recognition. (natureasia.com)
These enzyme complexes act to incorporate an atom of oxygen into nonactivated hydrocarbons, which can result in either the introduction of hydroxyl groups or N-, O- and S-dealkylation of substrates. (bionity.com)
This enzyme family is found primarily in phytopathogenic or intestinal bacteria where it plays a role in the metabolism of pectin. (cazypedia.org)
The role of structure in enzyme catalysis has been investigated for some time. (inrs.ca)
However, only recently insights int o the role of internal protein motions (protein dynamics) in enzyme catalysis have become available. (inrs.ca)
Using theoretical modeling and atomistic molecular simulations at mic rosecond time scale, we are investigating the role of functionally important conformational sub-states in relation to optimal catalysis by the members of the pancreatic RNase enzyme family. (inrs.ca)
In lysosomal storage disorders, the deficiency of a specific lysosomal enzyme interrupts the normal catabolic pathway, resulting in the cellular accumulation of substrates ordinarily degraded by that enzyme. (medscape.com)
The specificity of these accumulated materials to the distinct enzyme defect is striking in the lysosomal disorders, and the accumulation then leads to abnormal cell architecture. (medscape.com)
Similar movements were observed for the class III enzyme but the full picture has still not been obtained as substrates were not observed to bind to the active site in this system. (lu.se)

The regulation of PP2A is mainly accomplished by the identity of the regulatory B-type subunit, which determines substrate specificity, subcellular localization and catalytic activity of the PP2A holoenzyme. (ac.be)
The enzymes that dephosphorylate these three amino acids are classified into four groups on the basis of specific catalytic signatures/domain sequences and substrate preference. (ac.be)
Nucleoside diphosphate kinases (NDK) are characterized by high catalytic turnover rates and diverse substrate specificity. (rcsb.org)
This review focuses on LIMK2's unique catalytic mechanism, substrate specificity and its upstream regulators at transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational stages. (bvsalud.org)

Although differing in substrate specificity, subcellular localization, and tissue distribution, all isozymes of this family convert free long-chain fatty acids into fatty acyl-CoA esters, and thereby play a key role in lipid biosynthesis and fatty acid degradation. (thermofisher.com)

With any type of laboratory test, the clinical accuracy or reliability depends on performance characteristics such as sensitivity and specificity, as well as the pretest probability that a person has SARS-CoV-2 infection and the prevalence of COVID-19 in the local community. (medscape.com)
CHROMagar Candida™ medium (CC) is a differential culture medium that allows the presumptive identification of yeasts species, with sensitivity and specificity higher than 99% to C. albicans 10 . (bvsalud.org)

They play a major role as determinants of pharmacokinetic behavior for most therapeutic agents containing an ester. (rndsystems.com)

Thus, Clb5 and Clb2 use distinct mechanisms to enhance the phosphorylation of S-phase and M-phase substrates. (nature.com)
The enzymes display overlapping but distinct substrate specificity. (cancerindex.org)
Quantitative MS-based enzymology of caspases reveals distinct protein substrate specificities, hierarchies, and cellular roles. (ualberta.ca)
Neuronal palmitoyl acyl transferases exhibit distinct substrate specificity. (nih.gov)

The tumour suppressor p53 protein, ""the guardian of the genome"", has an overarching role in protecting the organism from cancer. (europa.eu)
This research aimed to map NPP1,2, and 3 expression in the developing periodontium in wild-type (WT) mice, as well as in PP i -deficient progressive ankylosis protein ( Ank ) and Enpp1 KO mice, to explore their roles in periodontal homeostasis. (umich.edu)
In this study, the role of the His residue at position 39 in the M protein (M39) of dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2) in the virus life cycle was investigated. (microbiologyresearch.org)
The results of this study pinpoint a critical residue in the M protein that potentially plays a role in viral morphogenesis, secretion and entry. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Gene polymorphisms influence protein concentration and substrate specificity, as do some occupational and lifestyle factors. (cdc.gov)
Comparison of the structures of the new protein with those recently reported for N-acetyl-L-ornithine transcarbamylase indicates that amino acid residue 90 (B. fragilis numbering) plays an important role in conferring substrate specificity for N-succinyl-L-ornithine versus N-acetyl-L-ornithine. (nih.gov)

Here we compare the specificity of two budding yeast cyclins, the S-phase cyclin Clb5 and the M-phase cyclin Clb2, in the phosphorylation of 150 Cdk1 (Cdc28) substrates. (nature.com)
Figure 1: Identification of Clb5-specific Cdk1 substrates in budding yeast. (nature.com)

The reduced specificity for the product and the high initial transferase/hydrolase ratio of betaF24A resulted in high yields in acyl transfer reactions. (hanze.nl)

Phosphorylation of Clb5-specific targets during S phase was reduced by replacing Clb5 with Clb2 or by mutating the substrate RXL motif, confirming the importance of Clb5 specificity in vivo . (nature.com)
Although we did not identify any highly Clb2-specific substrates, we found that Clb2-Cdk1 possessed higher intrinsic kinase activity than Clb5-Cdk1, enabling efficient phosphorylation of a broad range of mitotic Cdk1 targets. (nature.com)
Figure 3: Clb5-specific substrate phosphorylation occurs in vivo . (nature.com)
They play a crucial role in the regulation of cytoskeleton dynamics by controlling actin filaments and microtubule turnover, especially through the phosphorylation of cofilin, an actin depolymerising factor. (bvsalud.org)

Bromelain has also been shown to reduce the activity of inflammatory enzymes, including cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase, which play crucial roles in the inflammation process. (bcr.org)
The actions of some drugs as substrates or inhibitors of enzymes involved in xenobiotic metabolism are a common reason for hazardous drug interactions . (bionity.com)
In phase I a variety of enzymes act to introduce reactive and polar groups into their substrates. (bionity.com)
I t is now believed that dynamics and structure together play critical role in the function of bi omolecules including enzymes. (inrs.ca)
Ribonucleotide reductases (RNRs) are essential enzymes for all life by virtue of their central role in the de novo synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides, the building blocks for DNA synthesis. (lu.se)
These media contains chromogenic substrates that react with yeast enzymes, resulting in colored colonies 9 . (bvsalud.org)

Mutation of alphaF146, betaF24 and betaF57 to Tyr, Trp, Ala or Leu yielded mutants that were still capable of hydrolysing the chromogenic substrate 2-nitro-5-[(phenylacetyl)amino]-benzoic acid. (hanze.nl)

The correlation of an intron mutation with schizophrenia is significant because it suggests that introns have an important role in translation, transcription, or another, possibly unknown, aspect of the production of proteins from DNA. (wikipedia.org)
this is because they directly bind to their target proteins and thus control substrate specificity. (europa.eu)
Polar compounds cannot diffuse across these cell membranes and the uptake of useful molecules is mediated through transport proteins that specifically select substrates from the extracellular mixture. (bionity.com)

Cathepsins are a class of globular lysosomal proteases playing a vital role in mammalian cellular turnover. (eurogentec.com)
A large and still-growing number of PP2A substrates have been identified, which makes PP2A an important player in the regulation of a plethora of cellular processes. (ac.be)
The role of ABC transporters is crucial in several essential cellular functions and mutations in ABC transporters in humans have been linked to several conditions, including cystic fibrosis, liver disease, and diabetes. (usfca.edu)

Despite their central roles in homeostasis, the mechanism of ABC transporters remains poorly understood. (usfca.edu)
Our research is focused on studying an ABC importer in E. coli, as a model system, to examine the mechanism of substrate specificity and transport. (usfca.edu)
T o obtain better insights into the mechanism of ribonucleotyic activity we have modeled 7 human RN ases and bovine RNase A each with two different model substrates (ACAC and AUAU). (inrs.ca)

Dr. Hughes has established assays to examine the role of codon context on translation speed in vivo. (utah.edu)

Caspase substrates in cell death and remodeling. (ualberta.ca)

GADL1 is a multifunctional decarboxylase with tissue-specific roles in β-alanine and carnosine production. (uib.no)

The yeast amino acid catabolism plays an important role in flavour generation since higher alcohols and acetate esters, amino acid catabolism end products, are key components of overall flavour and aroma in fe. (biomedcentral.com)
PON1 activity was determined using phenyl acetate (PA) and CMPA [4-(Chloromethyl)phenyl acetate] as substrates, and Q192R genotyping was performed using the TaqMan-Applied Biosystems 7900 HT System. (cdc.gov)

To study the role of hydrophobic residues in these reactions, we have mutated three active-site phenylalanines. (hanze.nl)
Clb5 specificity depended on an interaction between a hydrophobic patch in Clb5 and a short sequence in the substrate (the RXL or Cy motif). (nature.com)
Figure 2: Clb5 specificity depends on an interaction between the Clb5 hydrophobic patch and an RXL motif in the substrate. (nature.com)

The activity of bromelain is influenced by various factors, including temperature, pH, substrate specificity, and the presence of other substances. (bcr.org)

Instead, the Committee recommended further consultation in view of a forthcoming international meeting on the safety of biologicals prepared from mammalian cell substrates. (who.int)

Role of S-Palmitoylation by ZDHHC13 in Mitochondrial function and Metabolism in Liver. (nih.gov)
Unlike the metabolism of glucose, which ordinarily depends on the activity of hexokinase with a wide substrate-specificity to carry out this reaction, substrate-specific galactokinase activity exclusively phosphorylates galactose. (medscape.com)

Identification of a cyclin-cdk2 recognition motif present in substrates and p21-like cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. (nature.com)

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters use the energy of ATP to move substrates across membranes against a concentration gradient. (usfca.edu)

The clinical course of the disease depends on the associated effects of progressive storage in the organ systems where these substrates are highly concentrated. (medscape.com)

Schulman, B. A., Lindstrom, D. L. & Harlow, E. Substrate recruitment to cyclin-dependent kinase 2 by a multipurpose docking site on cyclin A. (nature.com)
To investigate the role of serum-and-glucocorticoid-inducible-kinase-1 (SGK1) in colitis and its potential pathological mechanisms. (wjgnet.com)
A kinase bioscavenger provides antibiotic resistance by extremely tight substrate binding. (yale.edu)
This is particularly important for LIMK2, a kinase almost three decades old, as only a handful of its substrates are known to date. (bvsalud.org)

Further analysis of the betaF24A mutant showed that it had specificity constants (kcat/Km) for p-hydroxyphenylglycine methyl ester and phenylglycine methyl ester that were similar to the wild-type values, whereas the specificity constants for p-hydroxyphenylglycine amide and phenylglycine amide had decreased 10-fold, due to a decreased kcat value. (hanze.nl)

Benjamin Foster is a postdoctoral research associate investigating the role of ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like signalling in genome stability. (portlandpress.com)

A- and B-type cyclins differentially modulate substrate specificity of cyclin-cdk complexes. (nature.com)
More recently we have probed the allosteric regulation of class II and class III RNRs by solving the structures of complexes with several combinations of allosteric effector and substrate [2,5]. (lu.se)

While Enpp1 KO mice feature reduced PP i and a cementum phenotype, nothing is known regarding the presence/role of NPP2 and NPP3 in the periodontium. (umich.edu)

Movement of the 120 loop upon substrate binding occurs in N-succinyl-L-ornithine transcarbamylase, while movement of the 80 loop and significant domain closure take place as in other transcarbamylases. (nih.gov)

Studies have been done of MetQ substrate specificity by purifying several variants of MetQ. (usfca.edu)

These findings provide new information on the putative role of succinylated intermediates in arginine biosynthesis and on the evolution of transcarbamylases. (nih.gov)

Using functional proteomics approaches, our lab focus on characterizing how protease substrates play critical roles in such vital processes, to advances our knowledge about the role of these proteases in human diseases. (ualberta.ca)

The aim of this study was to test for the molecular and functional expression of the non-gastric H + /K + ATPase ATP12A/ATP1AL1 in unstimulated and butyrate-stimulated (1 and 10 mM) human myelomonocytic HL-60 cells, to unravel its potential role as putative apoptosis-counteracting ion transporter as well as to test for the effect of the H + /K + ATPase inhibitor SCH28080 in apoptosis. (karger.com)
This work has elucidated novel mechanisms of gene regulation including secretion of a translation inhibitor and a secretion-substrate specificity switch catalyzed by a secreted, molecular ruler. (utah.edu)
Moreover, emerging studies have unveiled a few tumor suppressors and oncogenes as LIMK2's direct substrates, which in turn have uncovered novel molecular mechanisms by which it plays pleiotropic roles in human physiology and pathologies independent of actin dynamics. (bvsalud.org)

It may play an important role in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases such as asthma, and may also have a role in controlling cell growth and/or differentiation. (cancerindex.org)
Neutrophil elastase plays pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. (ersjournals.com)
Host factors play a more important role than organism virulence in the pathogenesis of oral candidosis, and intraoral environment conditions, such as the presence of dentures, also play a crucial role in the disease 2 . (bvsalud.org)

WRKY transcription factors play a pivotal role in regulating stress signaling pathways, including those associated with salt stress response. (mdpi.com)

Brown, N. R., Noble, M. E., Endicott, J. A. & Johnson, L. N. The structural basis for specificity of substrate and recruitment peptides for cyclin-dependent kinases. (nature.com)
Overall, these studies are providing us structural and dynamical insights into affinity of substrate by various members of this family. (inrs.ca)

Previous studies indicate that there is no preference for a common substrate by all members. (inrs.ca)

Emerging studies have shown its pivotal role in numerous human malignancies and neurodevelopmental disorder. (bvsalud.org)

Extractable dietary fiber (DF) plays an important role in nutrition. (mdpi.com)

Activity is regulated on two levels: overall activity and substrate specificity (as only one RNR catalyses the reduction of all four ribonucleotides under given physiological conditions). (lu.se)

As a result, most of LIMK2's physiological and pathological roles have been assigned to its regulation of actin dynamics via cofilin. (bvsalud.org)

Analysis of variance [ANOVA] with repeated-measures did not show the expected decrease in PON1 activity over time with either substrate. (cdc.gov)
Canonical discriminant analysis confirmed that the PON1 activity-defined by PA and CMPA substrates-provided good separation of the genotypes at each time point (R-sq range: 0.65-0.73), suggesting approximately 70% of the variation in PON1 activity is explained by the Q192R genotype. (cdc.gov)

Currently, she is testing the role of inflammation in this model. (portlandpress.com)

Phytoestrogens: Epidemiology and a possible role in cancer protection. (cdc.gov)

To determine their possible roles in tissues and satellite cells in vitro, their expression pattern was examined in tissues from 40-day-old chickens and in satellite cells from the breast muscles of 1-week-old and 2-week-old chickens using RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry analyses. (scielo.br)

Upon increasing culture times in chicken´s primary skeletal muscle satellite cells, SULF1 and SULF2 expression in 1-week-old chickens was significantly higher than in 2-week-old chickens, suggesting that sulfatases play a key role in satellite cell development. (scielo.br)
Revised requirements for cell substrates used for the production of biologicals were also considered but not adopted. (who.int)

Smoking seemed to play a role in the colonization of oral mucosa by mixed albicans and non-albicans species. (bvsalud.org)
The role of non-albicans species has become increasingly important, especially in high-risk subjects, such as HIVpositive patients 6 . (bvsalud.org)

We hypothesized that RNA secondary structure might play a role in guiding catalysis of RNA modifications at specific sites. (broadinstitute.org)

While the role of the histidine residue is well documented, the other active site residues, in particular the conserved serine remains poorly characterized. (rcsb.org)
For some members these model substrates remains stro ngly bound to the active-site, while for other members they are ejected within 10-20 nanosecon ds. (inrs.ca)
We have been able to explain how conformational changes a loop spanning the dimer interface communicate the substrate specificity signal to the active site for the class II RNR. (lu.se)
We continue to try to obtain substrate binding to the active site of class III RNRs. (lu.se)

To investigate whether PMP22 channels have a role in peroxisomal uric acid transport and catabolism, we functionally analyzed the closest homologue in Aspergillus nidulans, named SspA. (uoa.gr)

The r esults in ground (reactant) state indicate significant variations in the interactions of the huma n RNases family members with model substrate. (inrs.ca)

Anatomy11

Organisms18

Chemicals and Drugs124

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment37

Phenomena and Processes68

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science5

Health Care7

Broad substrate4

Enzyme14

Catalytic4

Subcellular localization1

Sensitivity and specifi2

Determinants1

Distinct4

Protein6

Budding yeast2

Acyl1

Phosphorylation4

Enzymes6

Chromogenic1

Proteins3

Cellular3

Mechanism3

Vivo1

Caspase1

Decarboxylase1

Acetate2

Hydrophobic3

Substances1

Mammalian1

Metabolism2

Inhibitors1

Membranes1

Depends1

Kinase4

Amide1

Ubiquitin1

Complexes2

Phenotype1

Occurs1

Variants1

Biosynthesis1

Proteases1

Molecular3

Pathogenesis3

Transcription1

Structural2

Preference1

Pivotal role1

Important role1

Reduction1

Physiological1

Activity2

Inflammation1

Epidemiology1

Tissues1

Cell2

Species2

Catalysis1

Active Site4

Functionally1

Family members1