AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsInformation Science
MacrophagesInflammationMacrophage ActivationMacrophages, PeritonealMacrophages, AlveolarInflammation MediatorsMice, Inbred C57BLCells, CulturedLipopolysaccharidesPhagocytosisCytokinesMacrophage Colony-Stimulating FactorMice, KnockoutTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaMonocytesDisease Models, AnimalMice, Inbred BALB CCell LineMacrophage Migration-Inhibitory FactorsLungRNA, MessengerInterleukin-6NeutrophilsBronchoalveolar Lavage FluidSignal TransductionInterferon-gammaGene Expression RegulationAnti-Inflammatory AgentsNF-kappa BThioglycolatesPneumoniaAntigens, Differentiation, MyelomonocyticPeritoneal CavityChemokine CCL2Macrophage Inflammatory ProteinsChemokinesInterleukin-1betaImmunohistochemistryNitric OxideBiological MarkersNitric Oxide Synthase Type IITime FactorsMice, Inbred C3HImmunity, InnateAscitic FluidAtherosclerosisInterleukin-1Toll-Like Receptor 4Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionReceptor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating FactorFlow CytometryInterleukin-10ApoptosisClodronic AcidUp-RegulationSpleenT-LymphocytesPulmonary AlveoliZymosanMice, TransgenicLeukocytesNeurogenic InflammationC-Reactive ProteinGene ExpressionCell MovementColitisOvalbuminCell DifferentiationCarrageenanInterleukin-8Antigens, CDEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayNeutrophil InfiltrationScavenger Receptors, Class ABone Marrow CellsReceptors, Cell SurfacePhagosomesMice, Inbred StrainsReceptors, ImmunologicCell CountEosinophilsDermatitisLipoproteins, LDLBlotting, WesternDinoprostoneDose-Response Relationship, DrugToll-Like Receptor 2Chemokine CXCL2Rats, Sprague-DawleyMacrophage-Activating FactorsChemotaxis, LeukocyteMannose-Binding LectinsPeroxidaseAsthmaDendritic CellsRecombinant ProteinsCyclooxygenase 2Toll-Like ReceptorsOxidative StressRespiratory Hypersensitivity
MonocytesLymphocytesCytokinesAlveolarAdipose tissuePathogensPhenotypeMonocyteTissueMetabolismInfectionInfiltrationNeutrophilsTissuesAnti-inflammatoryCytokineClassically activatedFunction of macrophagesMicroenvironmentResident macrophagesActivity of macrophagesMiceAirwayPolarizationAbstractChronicFibroblastsResolution of inflammationPlasticityDendriticProinflammatoryHomeostasisRecruitmentLungFibrosisInnate immunityPathogenesisMurineImmunityObesity-inducedMechanismsInflammatory responsePhagocytesPlayHumansSystemicApoptosisColorectal cancerInsulin resistanceContributesExtracellularProliferationCuesEndoplasmic reticulumProteinsRegulateCellsNecrosis
Monocytes13
Lymphocytes6
Cytokines16
  • Macrophages play a significant role in many processes, such as the human immune function, parasite infection, and tissue remodeling by secreting cytokines and producing reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates. (frontiersin.org)
  • Macrophages participate in all the different phases of tissue repair: they can promote phagocytosis of cellular debris and apoptotic neutrophils and produce cytokines that may help orchestrate the healing response. (hindawi.com)
  • However, due to the release of proinflammatory cytokines and cytotoxic radical species, uncontrolled activity of macrophages may also be detrimental to tissue repair. (hindawi.com)
  • Beyond increasing inflammation and stimulating the immune system, macrophages also play an important anti-inflammatory role and can decrease immune reactions through the release of cytokines. (wikipedia.org)
  • Due to their diverse functions and plasticity, macrophages are able to exhibit markedly different phenotypes, depending on the external signals they receive, e.g., microbial products, damaged cells, or cytokines. (biorxiv.org)
  • Once activated, M1-like macrophages release cytokines that inhibit the proliferation of nearby cells (including cancer cells) and initiate inflammation and an immune response. (biorxiv.org)
  • At the other extreme, M2-like macrophages are induced by the interleukins (IL)-4 and −13, cytokines secreted by activated Th2 cells [ 16 ]. (biorxiv.org)
  • Cytokines are known to regulate the migration of neutrophils and macrophages during inflammation. (hindawi.com)
  • The release of T cell-derived cytokines can lead to macrophage activation. (bms.com)
  • Macrophage activation in the rheumatoid joint leads to further secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α, which all coordinate to drive further T-cell activation. (bms.com)
  • The role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis is well known, and recent research has deepened our understanding of the role of pathogenic autoantibodies in disease. (bms.com)
  • The elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (e.g., interleukin [IL] 6, IL-8, macrophage inflammatory protein 1α and 1β, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, and macrophage colony-stimulating factor) and immunomodulatory cytokines (e.g. (cdc.gov)
  • macrophage stimulation triggers the overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, and the "cytokine storm", which results in systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiple organ failure. (kegg.jp)
  • The macrophage produces inflammatory cytokines, which is a small protein that influences the immune systems and damages to the heart. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • Inflammation in dCLNs as well as in bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) was assessed quantitatively by measuring the mRNA and protein levels of typical inflammatory cytokines (including IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α). (lu.se)
  • An increased expression of AlkP was found in vascular smooth muscle cells in the presence of macrophages and inflammatory cytokines. (medscape.com)
Alveolar10
  • After resolution of primary pneumonia, murine alveolar macrophages (AMs) exhibited poor phagocytic capacity for several weeks. (nature.com)
  • Fig. 2: Recovery from infection is followed by susceptibility to secondary pneumonia and reduction in phagocytosis by alveolar macrophages in mice. (nature.com)
  • Fig. 3: Phagocytosis function of newly formed resident lung alveolar macrophages is altered locally by secondary inflammatory mediators released during infection. (nature.com)
  • Fig. 4: T reg cells and TGF-β are not major contributors to the paralysis program of alveolar macrophages. (nature.com)
  • Fig. 5: Phenotypic analysis origin of paralyzed alveolar macrophages. (nature.com)
  • Fig. 6: Sirpa is required for the priming, but not the maintenance, of the paralysis program of alveolar macrophages after infection. (nature.com)
  • They take various forms (with various names) throughout the body (e.g., histiocytes, Kupffer cells, alveolar macrophages, microglia, and others), but all are part of the mononuclear phagocyte system. (wikipedia.org)
  • That is, when alveolar macrophages attempt to engulf and fail to digest an asbestos fiber, they release lysosomal contents into the alveolar space [NIOSH 2011a]. (cdc.gov)
  • cSiO2 causes phagolysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in alveolar macrophages. (nih.gov)
  • 2018. Induction of Autonomous Memory Alveolar Macrophages Requires T Cell Help and is Critical to Trained Immunity. (bu.edu)
Adipose tissue5
  • In mice, adipocyte MHCII increased within 2 weeks on HFD, paralleling increases in proinflammatory ART markers and decreases in anti-inflammatory ART markers, and preceding adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) accumulation and proinflammatory M1 polarization. (nih.gov)
  • We then discuss how obesity leads to insulin resistance via a complex interplay among systemic fatty acid excess, microhypoxia in adipose tissue, ER stress, and inflammation. (jci.org)
  • We observed that intracerebroventricular administration of IMD-0354 attenuated insulin resistance, inhibited macrophage polarization to M1 phenotype in epididymal adipose tissue in response to PM2.5 exposure. (deepdyve.com)
  • We studied the function of HILDPA in adipose tissue macrophages (ATM) in the context of obesity-induced inflammation and in hepatocytes during non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). (wur.nl)
  • This research questions the contribution of lipid droplet accumulation in adipose tissue macrophages in obesityinduced inflammation and metabolic disfunction. (wur.nl)
Pathogens10
  • A clear understanding of the function of macrophages, as well as their role in pathogens and inflammatory response, will delineate the next steps in the treatment of intestinal inflammatory diseases. (frontiersin.org)
  • These cells play a key role in early resistance to intestinal pathogens. (frontiersin.org)
  • Macrophages are one of the first barriers of host defence against pathogens. (hindawi.com)
  • Macrophages (abbreviated as Mφ, MΦ or MP) (Greek: large eaters, from Greek μακρός (makrós) = large, φαγεῖν (phagein) = to eat) are a type of white blood cell of the innate immune system that engulf and digest pathogens, such as cancer cells, microbes, cellular debris, and foreign substances, which do not have proteins that are specific to healthy body cells on their surface. (wikipedia.org)
  • Macrophages are found in essentially all tissues, where they patrol for potential pathogens by amoeboid movement. (wikipedia.org)
  • Building on the notion that mucosal macrophages are antigen presenting cells, Dr. Bogunovic is exploring how they may help to protect against Salmonella, opening the door to possible development of vaccines against a variety of oral pathogens. (pennstatehealth.org)
  • Bogunovic concluded, "We are only just beginning to understand that intestinal macrophages are diverse and play a number of important roles in protecting us against oral pathogens, inflammation, and regulating GI physiology. (pennstatehealth.org)
  • The autophagy machinery targets intracellular pathogens for degradation, modulates inflammation, and participates in adaptive immune responses ( 3 - 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Here, we review the many functions of autophagy in bacterial infections with a focus on macrophages, the first line of host defenses, and the replicative niche of numerous pathogens. (frontiersin.org)
  • Macrophages are highly versatile immune cells which, among other roles, eliminate pathogens and damaged cells through phagocytosis. (biorxiv.org)
Phenotype10
  • However, at least two distinct macrophage populations have been identified: the classically activated M1 phenotype and the alternative activated M2 phenotype [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In vivo , the identification of macrophage phenotype is complicated since macrophages are obviously exposed to a microenvironment that is more complex respect to cell culture conditions, and they display characteristics that do not conform to the in vitro defined phenotypic categories. (hindawi.com)
  • Therefore, in the last years characterization of macrophage phenotype in vivo during tissue repair has been a matter of active investigation. (hindawi.com)
  • Bifurcation and sensitivity analyses show that external signaling cues are necessary for macrophage commitment and emergence to a phenotype, but that the intrinsic macrophage metabolism is equally important. (biorxiv.org)
  • On one end of the phenotype spectrum, M1-like macrophages are classically activated by the cytokine interferon γ (IFN γ ) or by an endotoxin directly [ 30 ]. (biorxiv.org)
  • Therefore, the phenotype expressed by a macrophage is identified through the specific STAT activation. (biorxiv.org)
  • Alternative polarization with interleukin-4 and IL-13 led to a macrophage phenotype characterized by increased tissue factor (TF) production and release and by an increase in extracellular vesicle production. (haematologica.org)
  • In conclusion, we provide evidence that proinflammatory polarization of macrophages does not lead to enhanced procoagulatory function, whereas alternative polarization of macrophages leads to an increased expression of TF and increased production of TF bearing extracellular vesicles by these cells suggesting a procoagulatory phenotype of alternatively polarized macrophages. (haematologica.org)
  • This macrophage polarization can be simulated in vitro using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon (IFN)-γ stimulation for a proinflammatory subset termed classical activation and stimulation with interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 for an alternative polarization phenotype. (haematologica.org)
  • 4 Upon polarization, macrophages react to the respective stimulus with the expression of a distinct phenotype. (haematologica.org)
Monocyte5
  • Leukocyte extravasation describes monocyte entry into damaged tissue through the endothelium of blood vessels as they become macrophages. (wikipedia.org)
  • Monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) drive the inflammatory response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and they are a major source of eicosanoids in airway inflammation. (nature.com)
  • Thus, SARS-CoV-2 infection leaves an inflammatory imprint in the monocyte/ macrophage compartment that drives aberrant macrophage effector functions and eicosanoid metabolism, resulting in long-term immune aberrations in patients recovering from mild COVID-19. (nature.com)
  • To understand if polarization of macrophages can lead to a procoagulant macrophage subset we polarized human monocyte derived macrophages to a proinflammatory and an alternative activation state. (haematologica.org)
  • Treating obese mice with CST inhibited the recruitment of monocyte-derived macrophages to the liver and decreased inflammation, suggesting CST is an anti-inflammatory peptide. (sciencedaily.com)
Tissue24
  • Macrophages are phagocytes found in tissues and maintain tissue homeostasis, regulate inflammation, and play a significant role in host protection. (frontiersin.org)
  • A lot of evidence demonstrated that after acute injury M1 macrophages infiltrate early to promote the clearance of necrotic debris, whereas M2 macrophages appear later to sustain tissue healing. (hindawi.com)
  • In this paper, we discuss the current available information about the role that different phenotypes of macrophages plays after injury and during the remodelling phase in different tissue types, with particular attention to the skeletal muscle. (hindawi.com)
  • The healing process consists of overlapping phases of inflammation, tissue formation, and remodelling with reorganization of vasculature and extracellular matrix. (hindawi.com)
  • Heterogeneity and plasticity of macrophages could explain these apparently contrasting roles in tissue healing. (hindawi.com)
  • They participate in polarized Th2 reactions, parasite clearance, damping of inflammation, and promotion of angiogenesis and tissue remodelling [ 7 , 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • A common scenario is emerging, in which soon after injury infiltrating macrophages are mainly proinflammatory M1 macrophages, whereas M2 macrophages are the primary effectors of later stages of tissue repair or remodelling phases [ 10 - 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Macrophages that encourage inflammation are called M1 macrophages, whereas those that decrease inflammation and encourage tissue repair are called M2 macrophages. (wikipedia.org)
  • The presence of asbestos fibers in the lungs sets off a variety of responses leading to inflammation, cell, and tissue damage, which can lead to malignant and non-malignant diseases. (cdc.gov)
  • They tend to dampen inflammation and promote tissue remodeling and tumor progression, for example through pro-angiogenic properties [ 4 ], immunosuppression (e.g. (biorxiv.org)
  • Resident and recruited macrophages in the lung produce high levels of cysteinyl LTs (cysLTs) and leukotriene B 4 (LTB 4 ), thereby promoting granulocyte infiltration, airway inflammation and tissue remodeling 8 . (nature.com)
  • Their experiments in lab mice and in human blood and tissue samples further showed that this gene not only is associated with the disease, as predicted computationally, but is also likely to play a major causal role. (stanford.edu)
  • Scientific evidence from a variety of sources is emerging that supports a primary role for the macrophage in regulating the inflammatory response and tissue destruction associated with COPD. (nih.gov)
  • Macrophages are versatile cells that can be polarized by the tissue environment to fulfill required needs. (haematologica.org)
  • Proinflammatory polarization is associated with increased tissue degradation and propagation of inflammation whereas alternative polarization within a Th2 cytokine environment is associated with wound healing and angiogenesis. (haematologica.org)
  • Macrophages reside in all tissues of the body and each population of macrophages within a tissue can take on specialized functions that are tuned to the developmental and functional requirements of that tissue. (haematologica.org)
  • 1 Some tissue macrophages and precursors are already established embryonically in the yolk sac and fetal liver before the onset of definitive hematopoiesis. (haematologica.org)
  • 6 In addition, these cells are present during early wound healing and proinflammatory macrophages are characterized by a pronounced ability to degrade tissue. (haematologica.org)
  • Besides scavenging debris, promoting angiogenesis, tissue remodeling and repair, alternatively activated macrophages are able to fine tune inflammatory responses. (haematologica.org)
  • To this end we used a HILPDA tissue-specific knockout mice model in macrophages and hepatocytes generated by using LysM-Cre and Alb-Cre transgenic mice, respectively. (wur.nl)
  • Macrophages are specialized immune cells that promote tissue inflammation by secreting inflammatory molecules, which can lead to insulin resistance and metabolic disease. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The adult heart contains many resident cardiac fibroblasts, which play important roles in maintaining tissue architecture. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • The major role of AlkP in soft tissue is to remove inhibitors of mineralization. (medscape.com)
  • Nonspecific chronic inflammation and tissue necrosis occur in the nose. (msdmanuals.com)
Metabolism10
  • 1 The Methodist Diabetes and Metabolism Institute, Center for Diabetes Research and Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX 77030, USA. (nih.gov)
  • Phospholipid (PL) oxidative metabolism during macrophage response to environmental agents. (cdc.gov)
  • We concluded that anionic PLs- are important mediators of the macrophage response to environmental agents and that they undergo a highly regulated metabolism during macrophage apoptosis. (cdc.gov)
  • Processes involved in atherosclerosis include coagulation, inflammation, lipid metabolism, intimal injury, and smooth muscle cell proliferation (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • We therefore investigated the effects of PM2.5 exposure on insulin resistance and the disorders of hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism via hypothalamic inflammation. (deepdyve.com)
  • Therefore, our current finding indicates an important role of hypothalamic inflammation in PM2.5 exposure-mediated hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism disorder. (deepdyve.com)
  • 2017). The inhibition of hypothalamic inflammation by intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of IKK2 inhibitor (IMD-0354) rectified PM2.5-induced glucose intolerance, IR, energy metabolism dysfunction, and attenuated peripheral inflammation in response to PM2.5 exposure (Song et al. (deepdyve.com)
  • Peroxisomal proliferator activator receptor alpha (PPARα) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that plays a major role in the regulation of lipid metabolism. (wur.nl)
  • Our results support the major role of PPARα in regulating hepatic lipid metabolism, highlight the more modest effect of PPARα activation on gene regulation in human liver compared to mouse liver, and indicate that PPARα may have a suppressive effect on DNA synthesis in human liver. (wur.nl)
  • But further studies are needed to uncover how CST suppresses liver inflammation to improve metabolism. (sciencedaily.com)
Infection14
  • In this review, we discuss the origin and development of macrophages and their role in the intestinal inflammatory response or infection. (frontiersin.org)
  • Milena Bogunovic, MD, PhD, assistant professor of microbiology and immunology, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center , Penn State College of Medicine , explained "Part of the focus of our research is to understand the function of MMs in both homeostasis and in pathologic states such as infection or inflammation. (pennstatehealth.org)
  • Her lab also studies macrophages in the intestinal mucosa and their role in Salmonella infection and inflammatory bowel disease. (pennstatehealth.org)
  • Welcome to the Macrophage Infection of HIV Implications for Pathogenesis and Cure meeting, jointly organized by the National Institute of Mental Health and the Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard. (nih.gov)
  • Although CD4 T cells are the main targets of HIV infection, macrophages also become infected and resist the cytopathic effects of infection, contributing potentially to HIV reservoir persistence. (nih.gov)
  • So this meeting will examine emerging data relating to macrophage interactions with the immune system during HIV infection, macrophage reservoirs and approaches to their elimination, and the involvement of CNS myeloid reservoirs and associated comorbidities. (nih.gov)
  • The meeting will also highlight recent work on macrophage inflammation in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection and work from recently-funded NIMH, NIDA, and NINDS investigators. (nih.gov)
  • So on day one, Session 1 will focus on macrophages and the immune system during HIV and SARS-CoV-2 infection, Session 2 will focus on challenges to study HIV/SIV reservoirs, and Session 3 will really have the highlights from recent awardees of the NIMH/NINDS/NIDA Myeloid Reservoir RFA. (nih.gov)
  • Eicosanoids are bioactive metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) with key roles in infection and inflammation 8 . (nature.com)
  • Serum and airway prostanoid- and LT levels are increased in severe COVID-19 10 , 11 , suggesting a role for eicosanoids in the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. (nature.com)
  • By studying transcriptome- and lipid mediator profiles in MDM of convalescent SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals with previous mild disease, we show that inflammatory gene expression and eicosanoid profiles as well as altered responsiveness to inflammatory cues are maintained at 3-5 months post infection as well as throughout macrophage differentiation. (nature.com)
  • Age and female sex are established risk factors for GCA, a genetic component seems likely, and infection may have a role (see Etiology ). (medscape.com)
  • The immune system could play a crucial role in virus infection. (medsci.org)
  • The critical role of the immune system has been found in the discovery that there are reported high morbidity and mortality rates of human CoV infection in immunocompromised host as well as patients with comorbidities [ 3 - 6 ]. (medsci.org)
Infiltration1
  • Oxidative stress plays a major role in acute pancreatitis (AP), leading to massive macrophage infiltration. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Neutrophils11
Tissues6
  • Beyond their role in innate immunity, macrophages play increasingly defined roles in orchestrating the healing of various injured tissues. (hindawi.com)
  • Macrophages are essential for the efficient healing of numerous tissues. (hindawi.com)
  • They develop into macrophages when they enter tissues. (pearson.com)
  • More than 60 mutations in the ADA2 gene have been found to cause adenosine deaminase 2 deficiency, a disorder characterized by abnormal inflammation of various organs and tissues, particularly the blood vessels (vasculitis). (medlineplus.gov)
  • They speculate that the enzyme deficiency may disrupt the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory macrophages in various tissues, leading to a buildup of pro-inflammatory macrophages and abnormal inflammation. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Studies have shown that AlkP may have an important role in ectopic calcification and ossification of soft tissues. (medscape.com)
Anti-inflammatory3
  • Macrophages, which are functional plasticity cells, have the ability to phagocytize and digest foreign substances and acquire pro-(M1-like) or anti-inflammatory (M2-like) phenotypes according to their microenvironment. (frontiersin.org)
  • The continuum of macrophage activation and the diverse spectrum of pro- and anti-inflammatory phenotypes result in nuanced immune regulations [ 31 ]. (biorxiv.org)
  • Some macrophages are pro-inflammatory, meaning they promote inflammation, while others are anti-inflammatory, meaning they reduce inflammation. (medlineplus.gov)
Cytokine6
  • TNF-α is a potent inflammatory cytokine currently felt to play an important role in pulmonary fibrosis [NIOSH 2011a]. (cdc.gov)
  • They play a critical role in innate immunity and help to initiate the adaptive immune response through antigen presentation and cytokine signaling. (biorxiv.org)
  • Given the important role of both cytokine-mediated inflammatory microenvironment and cytolytic NK cell activities in immune-oncology therapies, our findings present a compelling argument for further clinical investigation. (frontiersin.org)
  • In rheumatoid arthritis, autoantibodies along with other drivers, mediate inflammation and cytokine release. (bms.com)
  • Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of proteins that play a key role in the immune system by activating immune responses like cytokine production. (news-medical.net)
  • MIF (macrophage migration inhibitory factor) was one of the first cytokine activities to be discovered and was initially described as a T cell-derived factor that inhibits the random migration of macrophages (Weiser 1989). (thermofisher.com)
Classically activated2
Function of macrophages1
Microenvironment1
  • Signal-regulatory protein α (SIRPα) played a critical role in the establishment of the microenvironment that induced tolerogenic training. (nature.com)
Resident macrophages1
  • Cardiac resident macrophages participate in electrical conduction via gap junction communication with cardiac myocytes. (wikipedia.org)
Activity of macrophages1
Mice11
  • HFD-fed MHCII(-/-) mice developed less adipose inflammation and insulin resistance than did wild-type mice, despite developing similar adiposity. (nih.gov)
  • Herein, chronic inflammation was induced by intraperitoneal injection of pristane into mice. (hindawi.com)
  • Interleukin-6 (IL-6) seems to regulate both plasmacytoma development in BALB/c mice and oil granuloma formation in C57BL/6 mice during pristane-induced inflammation [ 10 , 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Therefore, we conducted a quantitative characterization, using ESI-MS and fluorescence HPLC/Amplex Red assays, of the oxidative and phospholipase A hydrolysis of individual molecular species of major classes of PLs on silica, zymozan, or single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) exposed macrophages (Raw 264.7, IC-21, or primary from C57BL/6 mice). (cdc.gov)
  • In diet-induced obese mice, HILPDA deficiency in macrophages markedly reduced lipid accumulation in macrophages yet it did not alter any measured inflammatory or metabolic parameters. (wur.nl)
  • However, expression of macrophage/inflammatory markers and fibrosis were not different between HILPDA knockout and floxed mice. (wur.nl)
  • We have shown that an endogenous peptide, catestatin, can directly suppress glucose production from hepatocytes and can indirectly suppress lipid accumulation in liver as well as macrophage-mediated inflammation in obese mice," said Sushil K. Mahata, PhD, professor of medicine at UC San Diego School of Medicine. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Thus, we began with exploring the possible structural and functional alterations of the dCLN in a PD mouse model (A53T mice) and investigated the role of pathological α-syn in peripheral inflammation and its potential underlying molecular mechanisms. (lu.se)
  • RNA-seq and Western blot were used to explore how pathological α-syn mediated the inflammation in PD mice. (lu.se)
  • Results: The results unequivocally revealed substantially enlarged dCLNs, along with slow lymphatic flow, and increased inflammation in the dCLNs of A53T mice. (lu.se)
  • Notably, inhibition of ER stress effectively suppressed peripheral inflammation in PD mice. (lu.se)
Airway3
  • Our recent work had shown that patients suffering from chronic airway inflammation exhibit transcriptional reprogramming of MDM 14 , a cell type implicated in COVID-19 pathogenesis 7 . (nature.com)
  • Research advances over the past several years suggest that cysLT1 also mediates the ability of cysLTs to modulate inflammation, immune responses, and airway remodeling. (springer.com)
  • Title : Role of Germination in Murine Airway CD8+ T-Cell Responses to Aspergillus Conidia Personal Author(s) : Templeton, Steven P.;Buskirk, Amanda D.;Law, Brandon;Green, Brett J.;Beezhold, Donald H. (cdc.gov)
Polarization3
  • In this paper, we present and analyze a mathematical model for polarization of a single macrophage which, despite its simplicity, exhibits complex dynamics in terms of multistability. (biorxiv.org)
  • Based on our numerical results, we formulate hypotheses that could be further investigated by in vitro experiments to deepen our understanding of macrophage polarization. (biorxiv.org)
  • Macrophage polarization is mediated in part, through the canonical Janus- or TYK2-kinases (JAK)-Signaling signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway. (biorxiv.org)
Abstract2
  • Abstract Chronic inflammation is a significant contributing factor to pulmonary and other diseases. (nih.gov)
  • ABSTRACT There is accumulating evidence suggesting that inflammation is the bridging link between cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. (who.int)
Chronic7
  • Perturbations of macrophage function and/or activation may result in impaired regeneration and fibrosis deposition as described in several chronic pathological diseases. (hindawi.com)
  • In humans, dysfunctional macrophages cause severe diseases such as chronic granulomatous disease that result in frequent infections. (wikipedia.org)
  • Chronic inflammation is associated with an increased number of leukocytes in the spleen, which are then redirected to the site of inflammation. (hindawi.com)
  • These data provide insight into the development of chronic inflammation induced by noninfectious substances. (hindawi.com)
  • One trigger of chronic inflammation is respirable crystalline silica (cSiO2) in occupational settings, and, therefore, presents a useful model to investigate the mechanisms of unresolved, lysosome dysfunction-mediated inflammation. (nih.gov)
  • The lysosome's role in NLRP3 inflammasome activity and its contributions to macrophage homeostasis make it of significant interest in the development of therapeutic targets for chronic inflammatory human health conditions. (nih.gov)
  • Macrophages are the predominant defense cell in the normal lung and during conditions associated with chronic inflammation such as COPD. (nih.gov)
Fibroblasts3
  • To conclude, we found that a subset of cardiac fibroblasts involved in cardiac inflammation under stress. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • To investigate the cytotoxicity of four endodontic sealers with different bases - Epiphany (EPH), AH Plus (AHP), Sealer 26 (S26) and Endofill (ENF) - on human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF) and mouse macrophages (J774/G8). (bvsalud.org)
  • In order to take a new approach to previous in vitro studies on the cytotoxicity of endodontic materials, it would be interesting to evaluate the response of fibroblasts and macrophages, which are cell lines involved in periapical inflammation and repair. (bvsalud.org)
Resolution of inflammation2
  • Macrophage activation has been described as a dynamic process: the same cell may initially induce proinflammatory and cytotoxic reactions and later may take part in the resolution of inflammation and wound healing [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • TAM family members (TYRO3, AXL and MERTK) play essential roles in the resolution of inflammation and in infectious diseases and cancer. (cancerindex.org)
Plasticity1
Dendritic5
  • The lamina propria of the small intestine is the main site of the intestinal immune system, which contains a large number of macrophages, CD4 T cells, and dendritic cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, mononuclear phagocytes, such as dendritic cells and macrophages, play key roles in protective immune responses. (pennstatehealth.org)
  • In my lab at Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, we've seen that mucosal macrophages express genes that permit antigen presentation, suggesting they play a role in adaptive immune responses similar to dendritic cells" said Dr. Bogunovic. (pennstatehealth.org)
  • TNF α plays an important role in the formation of primary B cell follicles and follicular dendritic cells [ 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Dendritic cell as sentinel of the immune system plays an irreplaceable role. (medsci.org)
Proinflammatory1
  • The inability of proinflammatory activated macrophages to respond to lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ with an increase in TF production seems to be due to an increase in TF promoter methylation and was reversible when treating these macrophages with a demethylation agent. (haematologica.org)
Homeostasis2
Recruitment4
Lung4
  • Macrophages play a fundamental role during the clearance of environmental agents from the lung. (cdc.gov)
  • The Day lab is interested in the role of oxidative stress in lung disease and antioxidant adaptive responses that the lung uses to prevent oxidative stress. (nationaljewish.org)
  • Here, we mechanistically investigated pulmonary inflammation and lung function decline after inhalation co-exposure and individual exposures to ozone (O(3)) and ultrafine carbon black (CB). (cdc.gov)
  • A synthetic catalase-superoxide dismutase mimetic (EUK-134) significantly blunted lung inflammation and respiratory function decline confirming the role of oxidant imbalance. (cdc.gov)
Fibrosis2
  • In addition, the effects of macrophages in the occurrence and development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and their role in inducing fibrosis, activating T cells, reducing colitis, and treating intestinal inflammation were also reviewed in this paper. (frontiersin.org)
  • Although less is known about an additional receptor, cysLT2, emerging evidence indicates that it likely also contributes to cysLT actions promoting inflammation, vascular permeability, and perhaps fibrosis. (springer.com)
Innate immunity1
  • They are not only responsible for innate immunity, but also participate in the development of intestinal inflammation. (frontiersin.org)
Pathogenesis3
  • So we at the NIMH Division of AIDS Research are very happy to be co-sponsoring this conference with the Ragon Institute, recognizing the importance of macrophages in HIV pathogenesis and cure efforts. (nih.gov)
  • MADRID-Research into pharmacodynamic biomarkers has shown that macrophages may have an important role in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including systemic sclerosis, an expert said at the 2017 Annual European Congress on Rheumatology (EULAR). (the-rheumatologist.org)
  • These data suggest that host macrophage activation contributes to EVD pathogenesis and that directed antiinflammatory therapies could be beneficial in the treatment of EVD. (cdc.gov)
Murine2
  • To evaluate the mechanisms underlying the role of AXL signalling in tumour metastasis, we screened a phage display library to generate a novel human monoclonal antibody, named DAXL-88, that recognizes both human and murine AXL. (cancerindex.org)
  • We show that CRISPR-induced Asxl1-mutated murine macrophages had a particularly heightened inflammatory response to AIM2 agonism, associated with an increased DNA damage response, as well as increased IL-10 secretion, mirroring a CVDprotective effect of IL10 expression in ASXL1 CHIP. (lu.se)
Immunity1
Obesity-induced1
  • In the second part of this thesis, we characterized the physiological and molecular function of HILDPA in ATM in the context of obesity-induced inflammation and in hepatocytes during NASH. (wur.nl)
Mechanisms7
  • Other cell-mediated mechanisms (especially inflammation). (cdc.gov)
  • Other cell-mediated mechanisms (especially inflammation induced by TNF-α). (cdc.gov)
  • Cellular factors which play role in host defense mechanisms against HIV were identified and their role in HIV induced inflammation was established. (europa.eu)
  • 2. We revealed the regulatory mechanisms of neutrophil function by macrophages, and the molecular mechanisms of netosis. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Our results provide insight into the mechanisms underlying cardiac inflammation and fibroblast-mediated inflammatory responses that could be therapeutically targeted to treat heart failure. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • The cause of GPA is unknown, although immunologic mechanisms play a role. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Role of novel tumor suppressors in colon cancer : Mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. (lu.se)
Inflammatory response1
  • Indeed, several human diseases are characterized by attenuated repair responses and imbalances in the inflammatory response with increased number of infiltrating macrophages [ 3 - 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
Phagocytes1
  • Macrophages are professional phagocytes and are highly specialized in removal of dying or dead cells and cellular debris. (wikipedia.org)
Play6
  • Using functional analyses in a mouse model of selective MM depletion, Dr. Bogunovic found that MMs play a central role in regulating GI physiology and motility through a dialogue with enteric neurons. (pennstatehealth.org)
  • These autoantibodies play important roles in the development of rheumatoid arthritis. (bms.com)
  • They also play a role in allergic diseases such as asthma. (pearson.com)
  • Macrophages are cells of the innate immune system which play numerous and vastly different functions within the body. (haematologica.org)
  • Thus, BMP may play a role as a paracrine factor in the differentiation of satellite cells into bone-forming cells. (medscape.com)
  • They also play a key role in defense and repair by producing a myriad of substances with inflammatory activity 12-14 . (bvsalud.org)
Humans1
  • Each type of macrophages, determined by its location, has a specific name: Investigations concerning Kupffer cells are hampered because in humans, Kupffer cells are only accessible for immunohistochemical analysis from biopsies or autopsies. (wikipedia.org)
Systemic1
  • 30 kg/m2, triglycerides 150 Germany) and height was measured dicators of systemic inflammation [3]. (who.int)
Apoptosis1
Colorectal cancer3
  • Chitinase domain containing 1 increase is associated with low survival rate and M0 macrophages infiltrates in colorectal cancer patients. (nih.gov)
  • The role of CysLT1R in mouse models of colorectal cancer. (lu.se)
  • Crosstalk between colorectal cancer cells and tumour-associated macrophages. (lu.se)
Insulin resistance1
  • In particular, we focus on the hypothesis that the macrophage is an important cell type in the propagation of inflammation and induction of insulin resistance in obesity. (jci.org)
Contributes2
  • This research will investigate the role of the lysosomal potassium (K+) channel in LMP and how it contributes to NLRP3-mediated inflammation. (nih.gov)
  • Conclusions: Our findings indicate that lymph node enlargement is closely related to macrophage activation, induced by meningeal lymphatics draining oligomeric α-syn, and contributes to the peripheral inflammation in PD. (lu.se)
Extracellular1
Proliferation1
  • At some sites such as the testis, macrophages have been shown to populate the organ through proliferation. (wikipedia.org)
Cues1
  • In order to be able to respond to multiple tasks, macrophages can adapt to the environment when exposed to specific cues. (haematologica.org)
Endoplasmic reticulum2
  • Although the treatment did not affect hepatic inflammation or endoplasmic reticulum stress, it inhibited the expression of the enzymes for gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis in the liver. (deepdyve.com)
  • Oligomeric α-syn drained from CSF potently activated macrophages in the dCLN via endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. (lu.se)
Proteins1
  • In this review, we intend to summarize the current knowledge on the many functions of autophagy proteins in cell defenses with a focus on bacteria-macrophage interaction. (frontiersin.org)
Regulate1
Cells16
  • On the other hand, phagosomes are formed when the pathogen is engulfed by macrophages and fuse with lysosomes to release enzymes and toxic substances, resulting in killing or having cytotoxic effects on bacteria and tumor cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Alternatively activated M2 macrophages comprise cells exposed to low concentrations of M-CSF in the presence of IL-4, IL-13, or IL-10. (hindawi.com)
  • In the testis, for example, macrophages have been shown to be able to interact with Leydig cells by secreting 25-hydroxycholesterol, an oxysterol that can be converted to testosterone by neighbouring Leydig cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • These stationary macrophages are positioned next to or around the extensions of enteric neurons, but the means by which these two types of cells communicate with one another is not yet known. (pennstatehealth.org)
  • New research has revealed that red blood cells function as critical immune sensors by binding cell-free DNA, called nucleic acid , present in the body's circulation during sepsis and COVID-19, and that this DNA-binding capability triggers their removal from circulation, driving inflammation and anemia during severe illness and playing a much larger role in the immune system than previously thought. (news-medical.net)
  • Scientists have long known that red blood cells, which are essential in delivering oxygen throughout the body, also interacted with the immune system, but didn't know whether they directly altered inflammation, until now. (news-medical.net)
  • Results showed that when the red blood cells bind too much inflammation-causing nucleic acid, they lose their normal structure, causing the body to not recognize them anymore. (news-medical.net)
  • This leads immune cells, called macrophages, to 'eat' them, taking them out of circulation in the body. (news-medical.net)
  • Our results highlight the crucial role of ETP as an obesity-associated factor that promotes tumor growth in the context of adipocyte interactions with tumor and stromal cells. (jci.org)
  • In particular, the enzyme appears to be involved in the growth and development of certain immune system cells, including macrophages, which are a type of white blood cell that plays a critical role in inflammation. (medlineplus.gov)
  • MIF was released from macrophages and T cells in response to physiological concentrations of glucocorticoids. (thermofisher.com)
  • In response to this damage, immune cells residing in the liver are activated, especially macrophages, and additional immune cells are recruited from the circulating blood. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In spite of the advantages of the in vitro tests, they are not able to mimic the orchestrated role of cells present inperiradicular region and the long-term cytotoxicity presented by the sealers. (bvsalud.org)
  • Macrophages are the prevalent cells in inflammatory infiltrates that respond to sealers 12-13 . (bvsalud.org)
  • LFA-1 also plays a role of cytotoxic killing by T cells. (medscape.com)
  • The role of inflammatory lipid mediators on colon cancer initiating cells (CICs). (lu.se)
Necrosis2