PathwayCaveolae-mediated EndocytosisReceptorExocytosisAnalysis of endocytosisLipidCaveolarMechanismsInternalizationPlasma membraneMembraneExtracellularClathrinYeastActin-mediatedPathwaysAutophagySynaptic vesiclesFluid phaseFolic AcidGenesRegulationFungiProcessesCellSelectivelyTurnoverMoleculesCellsVacuolesFundamentalProteins playResults indicatePlayDynamicsOccurMajorNeuronalImportant rolesDegradationFactorsInflammationAdaptorSignal
Pathway10
- Contributors describe how cargo enters the cell via clathrin-mediated and clathrin-independent pathways, including caveolar endocytosis, micropinocytosis, cholesterol-sensitive endocytosis, phagocytosis, and the CLIC/GEEC pathway. (cshlpress.com)
- The current study addresses the role PCFT might play in another transport pathway, folate receptor (FR)-mediated endocytosis. (elsevierpure.com)
- The aim of the present work was to shed light on the role played by the isoprenoid/cholesterol biosynthetic pathway in the modulation of emotional reactivity and memory consolidation in rodents through the inhibition of the key and rate-limiting enzyme 3-hydroxy 3-methylglutaryl Coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) both in vivo and in vitro with simvastatin. (nature.com)
- However, this metabolic pathway is ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells, and recent studies sustain a pivotal role for MVA end-products in the brain. (nature.com)
- The described mechanism involves a saturation effect of the dominant clathrin-dependent endocytosis pathway and implies distinct steady-states into which the system is forced for low vs high EGF stimulations. (biomedcentral.com)
- MTTP which is involved in the VLDL pathway also plays important roles in viral particle maturation and secretion. (wjgnet.com)
- Using the Drosophila nephrocyte as a genetic screen platform, most genes involved in endocytosis and cell trafficking were screened, and the key components were identified of the cell trafficking pathway required for SD protein endocytosis and recycling. (sdbonline.org)
- The SD protein endocytosis and recycling pathway was found to contain clathrin , dynamin , AP-2 complex, like-AP180 (Lap) , auxilin and Hsc70-4 (the endocytosis part) followed by Rab11 and the exocyst complex (the recycling part). (sdbonline.org)
- All genes in this SD protein endocytosis and recycling pathway, as well as SD proteins themselves, are highly conserved from flies to humans. (sdbonline.org)
- Thus, these results suggest that the SD proteins in human kidney undergo the same endocytosis and recycling pathway to maintain the filtration structure, and mutations in any genes in this pathway could lead to abnormal SD and renal diseases. (sdbonline.org)
Caveolae-mediated Endocytosis1
- In contrast, the inhibition of caveolae-mediated endocytosis using nystatin, siRNAs, or a DN mutant had no inhibitory effect on entry and infection of this strain. (biomedcentral.com)
Receptor8
- The selective effect of cytochalasin D on apical endocytosis was also demonstrated by the failure of the drug to reduce the uptake of 125I-labeled transferrin, which occurs by receptor-mediated endocytosis, via clathrin-coated pits, almost exclusively from the basolateral surface. (rupress.org)
- Trans-endocytosis is also involved in cell movement when the protein ephrin is bound by its receptor from a neighboring cell. (wikipedia.org)
- Cells constitutively utilize several distinct mechanisms of endocytosis, including clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) for the internalization of receptor-bound macromolecules such as Transferrin Receptor (TfR), and distinct mechanism(s) that mediate the majority of fluid-phase endocytosis. (plos.org)
- The Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) receptor has been shown to internalize via clathrin-independent endocytosis (CIE) in a ligand concentration dependent manner. (biomedcentral.com)
- Further, we describe extensibility of the model to more than two pathways which might play a role in contexts other than receptor internalization. (biomedcentral.com)
- Our main result is that a scenario where different endocytosis routes consume the same form of receptor corroborates the observation of a clear-cut, stimulus dependent sorting. (biomedcentral.com)
- Receptor-mediated endocytosis. (manchester.ac.uk)
- Proton-activated chloride channel PAC regulates endosomal acidification and transferrin receptor-mediated endocytosis. (uchicago.edu)
Exocytosis3
- Indeed, vacuolin-1 or desipramine treatment prevented the enhancement of CME but not of fluid phase endocytosis upon USMB, suggesting that lysosome exocytosis and acid sphingomyelinase, respectively, are required for the regulation of CME but not fluid phase endocytosis upon USMB treatment. (plos.org)
- In contrast, vacuoles in animals tend to play a more subordinate role, mostly mediating the process of exocytosis and endocytosis. (databasefootball.com)
- Vacuoles in animal cells mainly facilitate exocytosis and endocytosis. (databasefootball.com)
Analysis of endocytosis2
- Live-cell super resolution analysis of endocytosis was also performed in fission yeast (Arasada, 2018). (biorxiv.org)
- Multiomics Analysis of Endocytosis upon HBV Infection and Identification of SCAMP1 as a Novel Host Restriction Factor against HBV Replication. (nih.gov)
Lipid1
- The internalization process can occur via clathrin-mediated endocytosis, caveolar/lipid raft-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, or a variety of other still poorly characterized mechanisms [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Caveolar1
- PMET720 particles were internalized via clathrin and caveolar mediated endocytosis as well as actin-dependent pinocytosis/phagocytosis. (cdc.gov)
Mechanisms8
- These results indicate that USMB enhances both CME and fluid phase endocytosis through distinct signaling mechanisms, and suggest that strategies for potentiating the enhancement of endocytosis upon USMB treatment may improve targeted drug delivery. (plos.org)
- Fekri F, Delos Santos RC, Karshafian R, Antonescu CN (2016) Ultrasound Microbubble Treatment Enhances Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis and Fluid-Phase Uptake through Distinct Mechanisms. (plos.org)
- In this review, I will summarise what is known about the molecular mechanisms mediating ECM endocytosis and how this process impacts on diseases, such as fibrosis and cancer. (silverchair.com)
- Given the crucial role of cholesterol in regulating different neuronal processes, eukaryotes have developed sophisticated homeostatic mechanisms to preserve cholesterol levels in an optimal range in each brain region ( Segatto et al, 2013 ). (nature.com)
- Mechanisms of resistance to antifungal agents are discussed, including insights from genome sequence analysis and recent clinical observations such as the role of transcription factors in upregulating efflux pumps in the presence of antifungal agents or steroids. (cdc.gov)
- Cellular factors which play role in host defense mechanisms against HIV were identified and their role in HIV induced inflammation was established. (europa.eu)
- This suggests that endocytosis and trafficking of membrane proteins may be involved, generating new insights into possible mechanisms of resistance. (gla.ac.uk)
- Taken together, these findings decipher a pivotal role for GAK/aux and suggest mechanisms underlying PD. (sdbonline.org)
Internalization2
- We also show that 5-HT2AR interacts with SAP97 using bioluminescence energy transfer and that overexpression of SAP97 retards 5-HT2AR endocytosis , while single hairpin RNA knockdown facilitates 5-HT2AR internalization. (bvsalud.org)
- The inhibition of clathrin-mediated endocytosis using chlorpromazine, siRNAs, and a dominant negative (DN) mutant blocked entry and infection of PSaV Cowden strain, confirming a role for clathrin-mediated internalization. (biomedcentral.com)
Plasma membrane3
- During endocytosis, extracellular molecules and plasma membrane components are selectively internalized by cells. (cshlpress.com)
- Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) takes up nutrients, regulates responses to extracellular stimuli, and controls the chemical composition and surface area of the plasma membrane. (biorxiv.org)
- Both budding and fission yeast have high internal turgor pressure, which strongly opposes plasma membrane invagination necessary for endocytosis. (biorxiv.org)
Membrane5
- Treatment with cytochalasin D, a drug that acts by inducing the depolymerization of the actin cytoskeleton, selectively blocked endocytosis of membrane bound and fluid phase markers from the apical surface of polarized MDCK cells without affecting the uptake from the basolateral surface. (rupress.org)
- Cell membrane stiffness plays a critical role in the drug endocytosis in nasopharyngeal cancer cells. (amrita.edu)
- During endocytosis (meaning "inside the cell" the vacuoles capture materials that diffuse across the outer membrane, and shuttles them where they are needed in the cell. (databasefootball.com)
- The protein produced from the BIN1 gene plays an additional role in the formation of tube-like structures called transverse tubules (or T tubules), which are found within the membrane of muscle fibers. (medlineplus.gov)
- For example, actin filaments are needed to pull part of the membrane surrounding the cell inwards to bring molecules from the external environment into the cell by a process called endocytosis. (elifesciences.org)
Extracellular3
- These observations (i) indicate that PCFT plays a role in FRα-mediated endocytosis by serving as a route of export of folates from acidified endosomes and (ii) provide a functional role for PCFT in tissues in which it is expressed, such as the choroid plexus, where the extracellular milieu is at neutral pH. (elsevierpure.com)
- Endocytosis is a fundamental process involved in trafficking of various extracellular and transmembrane molecules from the cell surface to its interior. (mdpi.com)
- what the role of differential phosphorylation of AQP2 in regulated and constitutive recycling of AQP2, how polarity and extracellular matrix (ECM) affects the trafficking of AQP2. (massgeneral.org)
Clathrin3
- Conserved proteins drive clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME), which universally involves a burst of actin assembly. (biorxiv.org)
- We conclude that PSaV strain Cowden is internalized into LLC-PK cells by clathrin- and cholesterol-mediated endocytosis that requires dynamin II and actin rearrangement, and that the uncoating occurs in the acidified late endosomes after trafficking from the early endosomes through microtubules. (biomedcentral.com)
- Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is generally accepted to be a major route by which nonenveloped viruses infect cells [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Yeast2
- In contrast to budding yeast, WASP-mediated actin nucleation activity plays an essential role in fission yeast endocytosis. (biorxiv.org)
- In yeast, a member of the WASP family of proteins promotes the assembly of actin filaments around the site where endocytosis will occur. (elifesciences.org)
Actin-mediated2
- However, the role of actin filament disassembly (a key step in actin dynamics) during actin-mediated endocytosis is less clear. (rupress.org)
- Actin-related protein 2/3 (Arp2/3) complex activation by nucleation promoting factors (NPFs) such as WASP, plays an important role in many actin-mediated cellular processes. (elifesciences.org)
Pathways2
- Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology covers all of the major pathways of endocytosis and postendocytic trafficking and how they regulate cellular and organismal physiology. (cshlpress.com)
- The adaptors for the respective endocytosis pathways are referred to as CDE- or CIE-adaptors, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
Autophagy2
- Endocytosis and Autophagy: Exploitation or Cooperation? (cshlpress.com)
- Peptide compilation was functionally related to pulmonary injury, vascular dysfunction, altered translation, and autophagy/endocytosis processes consistent with pathogenesis observed in model CNT/F exposures. (cdc.gov)
Synaptic vesicles2
- Furthermore, our experiments indicate that α-syn multimers cluster synaptic vesicles and restrict their motility, suggesting a novel role for these higher-order structures. (nih.gov)
- Neurotransmission relies on repeated cycles of exo- and endocytosis of the synaptic vesicles (SVs), in which several palmitoylated proteins play critical roles. (jci.org)
Fluid phase3
- The actin cytoskeleton appears to play a critical role in adsorptive as well as fluid phase apical endocytic events, since treatment with cytochalasin D prevented the apical uptake of cationized ferritin, that occurs after the marker binds to the cell surface, as well as uptake of Lucifer yellow, a fluorescent soluble dye. (rupress.org)
- In addition, the rate of fluid-phase endocytosis was enhanced, but with delayed onset upon USMB treatment relative to the enhancement of CME, suggesting that the two processes are distinctly regulated by USMB. (plos.org)
- Genetic and biochemical analysis of a conditional allele of cofilin showed that the actin filament disassembly activity of cofilin is essential for fluid-phase endocytosis ( Lappalainen and Drubin, 1997 ). (rupress.org)
Folic Acid1
- It is the role of vitamin B-12 in the reduction of folic acid derivatives that results in the megaloblastic changes seen clinically. (medscape.com)
Genes2
- Second, altering the MSC state by inducing differentiation into multiple lineages did not affect the exosomal properties or endocytosis but triggered the expression of lineage-specific genes and proteins in vitro and in vivo respectively. (frontiersin.org)
- The proteins produced from the DNM2 and BIN1 genes are involved in endocytosis, a process that brings substances into the cell. (medlineplus.gov)
Regulation1
- Role of SAP97 in the regulation of 5-HT2AR endocytosis and signaling. (bvsalud.org)
Fungi1
- In many types of fungi, vacuoles play very similar roles to that of the vacuoles in plants. (databasefootball.com)
Processes1
- Pores formed upon USMB treatment are rapidly resealed, suggesting that other processes such as enhanced endocytosis may contribute to the enhanced material uptake by cells upon USMB treatment. (plos.org)
Cell8
- Trans-endocytosis is the biological process where material created in one cell undergoes endocytosis (enters) into another cell. (wikipedia.org)
- For example, this process is involved when a part of the protein Notch is cleaved off and undergoes endocytosis into its neighboring cell. (wikipedia.org)
- Our first important observation is that, MSC EVs possess a common mechanism of endocytosis across multiple cell types. (frontiersin.org)
- Overall, the results presented in this study show a common mechanism of endocytosis for MSC EVs across different cell types and the feasibility to generate functionally enhanced EVs by modifications to parental MSCs. (frontiersin.org)
- Vacuoles play many roles but primarily function to protect the cell from potential harms. (databasefootball.com)
- For example, the large central vacuole in a plant cell performs two major roles, it stores waste and they help the plant remain upright. (databasefootball.com)
- TNF trafficking to human mast cell granules: Mature chain-dependent endocytosis. (thejcdp.com)
- Beyond this protective role, Mrr can inflict chromosomal DNA damage that elicits the SOS response in the host cell upon heterologous expression of specific methyltransferases such as M.HhaII, or after exposure to high pressure (HP). (uci.edu)
Selectively1
- Results: To determine the role of matric metalloproteinases (MMPs) in MWCNT-exposure derived serum-bioactivity, a broad-spectrum MMP inhibitor was selectively delivered to the lung of C57BL/6 mice prior to oropharyngeal MWCNT exposure. (cdc.gov)
Turnover1
- In this study, we analyzed the dynamics of fluorescently tagged cofilin and the role of cofilin-mediated actin turnover during endocytosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae . (rupress.org)
Molecules2
- Trans-endocytosis also applies to molecules. (wikipedia.org)
- Caveolae-mediated permeability plays a major role in the transport of large molecules across endothelium (Komarova and Malik 2010 ). (springer.com)
Cells4
- Actin microfilaments play a critical role in endocytosis at the apical but not the basolateral surface of polarized epithelial cells. (rupress.org)
- The B-12-TC II complex is absorbed into cells by endocytosis. (medscape.com)
- Most plant cells have a single central vacuole which takes up to 30% of the individual cell's volume and many species of plants have different kinds of vacuoles, each specialized to serve a different functional role. (databasefootball.com)
- Since vacuoles have a different character in plant and animal cells, they also tend to play different roles in plant and animal cells. (databasefootball.com)
Vacuoles1
- Vacuoles in animals play a more subordinate role. (databasefootball.com)
Fundamental1
- How various organisms utilize a similar set of proteins to satisfy their particular force generation requirements for endocytosis is an unanswered, fundamental question. (biorxiv.org)
Proteins play1
- Our results demonstrate that SH3 (Src homology 3) domain-PRM (proline-rich motif) interactions involving multivalent linker proteins play central roles in concentrating NPFs at endocytic sites. (elifesciences.org)
Results indicate1
- These results indicate a role for RAB-10 in basolateral recycling upstream of RME-1. (rutgers.edu)
Play8
- Resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene, RSV), a kind of dietary polyphenol abundantly existed in red wine and Chinese herb rhizoma polygonum cuspidatum , might play an important role in 'French paradox' (Kopp 1998 ). (springer.com)
- Hyperglycemia thus may play a role in increasing the severity of the periodontal status in diabetic patients. (thejcdp.com)
- HSC70 is part of the viral particle and may play a role in viral entry. (wjgnet.com)
- HSP70, together with the DNAJA2 member of HSP40 co-chaperones, is the main chaperone involved in IRES-mediated translation of the viral genome, while HSP90 may play some role as well. (wjgnet.com)
- These studies provide evidence that WASP and WIP play central roles in establishment of a robust multivalent SH3 domain-PRM network in vivo, giving actin assembly onset at endocytic sites a switch-like behavior. (elifesciences.org)
- suggest that WASP and WIP play key roles in establishing the network of proteins needed for actin filaments to assemble during endocytosis. (elifesciences.org)
- ENDOSOMES play a central role in endocytosis. (uchicago.edu)
- Conclusion: Animal studies revealed that while lung MMP activity does not play a significant role in mediating MWCNT-induced pulmonary inflammation, pulmonary MMP activity largely drives MWCNT-induced serum bioactivity which disrupts the endothelial barrier. (cdc.gov)
Dynamics1
- Cofilin and its role in actin dynamics have been studied extensively in vitro. (rupress.org)
Occur1
- The experiments show that WASP, myosin and WIP are recruited to sites where endocytosis is about to occur through specific interactions with other proteins. (elifesciences.org)
Major1
- This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Endocytosis" by people in this website by year, and whether "Endocytosis" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (uchicago.edu)
Neuronal1
- Endocytosis in the axon initial segment maintains neuronal polarity. (uchicago.edu)
Important roles1
- Besides cholesterol, isoprenoid compounds carry out important roles in the CNS. (nature.com)
Degradation1
- While the role of metalloproteases in ECM degradation is widely recognised, the contribution of ECM internalisation and intracellular degradation to ECM maintenance has been mostly overlooked. (silverchair.com)
Factors1
- The role of soluble factors in nuclear import. (manchester.ac.uk)
Inflammation1
- Periodontitis and diabetes interrelationships: role of inflammation. (thejcdp.com)
Adaptor1
- The genotypes of this adaptor protein can be evaluated for its role in artemisinin responses in human infections of P. falciparum. (gla.ac.uk)
Signal1
- RIPping notch apart: a new role for endocytosis in signal transduction? (wikipedia.org)