Role of cytokines and growth factors. Medical search. Frequent questions

A balance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines is necessary to maintain health. (wikipedia.org)
This active form of vitamin D can inhibit immune cell proliferation, promote an anti-inflammatory cytokine profile, expand regulatory T cells, enhance glucocorticoid actions, increase glutathione production, and inhibit hepatic stellate cells. (springer.com)
Our findings suggest that umbilical cord-derived MSCs' conditioned media demonstrated the highest cytokine and growth factor levels and despite mostly pro-inflammatory cytokine profile were able to promote anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization. (biomedcentral.com)
Non-activated M0 macrophages can be activated toward pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes, thus playing important and diverse roles at all stages of inflammatory response. (biomedcentral.com)
Conclusion Rheumatoid AAT is highly reactive tissue which upon stimulation secretes considerable amounts of proinflammatory (IL-6, IL-8, TNF) and anti-inflammatory (IL-1Ra) cytokines and classical adipokines. (bmj.com)
M2 "alternatively activated" anti-inflammatory macrophages are stimulated predominantly by cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-13. (msdmanuals.com)

There is evidence that 2D or 3D culturing conditions have an impact on the cells' secretome, and here we aimed to compare the secretion of cytokines and growth factors in human MSCs from different sources cultured in 2D and 3D conditions and assess their effect on human macrophages polarization in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)

Recently, adipose tissue has been shown to synthesise and release highly bioactive substances: classical adipokines (eg, leptin, adiponectin) and various proinflammatory factors such as cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and complement components. (bmj.com)
Our recent studies as well as others indicate that senescent cells change their secretory patterns of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, extracellular matrix proteins and proteases. (umassmed.edu)

Inflammatory cytokines are predominantly produced by and involved in the upregulation of inflammatory reactions. (wikipedia.org)
Here, we have evaluated transcriptional and cytokine secretion profiles and detected a distinct upregulation of inflammatory cytokines in infected cell cultures and samples taken from infected patients. (nature.com)

An inflammatory cytokine or proinflammatory cytokine is a type of signaling molecule (a cytokine) that is secreted from immune cells like helper T cells (Th) and macrophages, and certain other cell types that promote inflammation. (wikipedia.org)
TNF-α is a well known proinflammatory cytokine present in neurons and the glia. (wikipedia.org)
Due to its proinflammatory action, a proinflammatory cytokine tends to make the disease itself or the symptoms correlated to a disease worse by causing fever, inflammation, tissue destruction, and in some cases, even shock and death. (wikipedia.org)
Excessive amounts of proinflammatory cytokines have been shown to cause detrimental effects A proinflammatory cytokine affects functions of transporters and ion channels from the nephron. (wikipedia.org)
A proinflammatory cytokine causes hyperinflammation, the leading cause of lung tissue destruction in cystic fibrosis. (wikipedia.org)
Vitamin D inhibits monocyte/macrophage proinflammatory cytokine production by targeting MAPK phosphatase-1. (springer.com)

Therapies to treat inflammatory diseases include monoclonal antibodies that either neutralize inflammatory cytokines or their receptors. (wikipedia.org)
However, CD56 dim NK cells can produce cytokines, specifically IFN-γ, after cell triggering via NKp46 of NKp30 activating receptors or after stimulation with combinations of IL-2, IL-12, and IL-15 ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
The discovery of the gene sequences and predicted protein structures, role of CCR5 alleles has prompted studies of but their ligands have not been identified the possible role of many other host genes in (orphan receptors). (cdc.gov)

MSCs' secretome (i.e., cytokines, growth factors, and extracellular vesicles) is therefore increasingly discussed in the context of their ability to modulate inflammatory response and promote regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
Previous studies have shown that increased extracellular material deposition in outflow pathways leads to increased resistance to aqueous outflow, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β seems to play a role in the deposition of extracellular material. (molvis.org)

Given the role of multiple players during the pathogenesis of CNT-induced fibrosis, the objective of this review is to summarize the key findings and discuss major cellular and molecular events governing pulmonary fibrosis. (cdc.gov)
Increased expression of inflammatory cytokines, lysyl oxidase, transforming growth factor-β, impaired megakaryocyte function, and aberrant JAK-STAT signaling have all been implicated in the pathogenesis of bone marrow fibrosis. (haematologica.org)
Connective Tissue Growth Factor (CTGF) has recently been shown to be over-expressed in kidney, myocardium and aorta in diabetic animals, implicating CTGF role in the pathogenesis of both microvascular and macrovascular diabetic complications ( Brownlee, 2001 ). (scialert.net)
Tissue explants were treated with proinflammatory cytokines relevant to RA pathogenesis (interleukin 1β (IL-1β), tumour necrosis factor (TNF), interferon γ, IL-15, IL-17, IL-23). (bmj.com)
VEGF and IFN- may play a role in the pathogenesis of cement allergic contact dermatitis. (who.int)

Inflammatory cytokines play a role in initiating the inflammatory response and to regulate the host defence against pathogens mediating the innate immune response. (wikipedia.org)
Therapies aimed at modulating immune activation to attenuate the detrimental inflammatory response or promote an antiviral cytokine response represent an important avenue for treating patients with severe COVID-19. (nature.com)
The normal process of fracture repair begins with an immediate inflammatory response as the innate immune system (macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, and NK cells) responds with a variety of cytokines that recruit and activate several cell types, including osteoprogenitor mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), to the site of injury [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Regulation of the inflammatory response in bacterial pneumonia depends on a complex interaction between immune cells and inflammatory cytokines. (karger.com)
Cytokines are important in asthma and play a critical role in orchestrating the allergic inflammatory response, although the precise role of each cytokine remains to be determined. (cdc.gov)

When these kinases are activated, signal proteins of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) protein family - which include transcription factors for target genes that serve proinflammatory roles - are phosphorylated. (wikipedia.org)
Cytokines are soluble proteins produced by one or more than cells. (bvsalud.org)
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP), known as active components of odontogenic differentiation and tooth development, have been used as a growth factor in an appropriate medium. (scielo.br)
Induced EndoMT cells exhibited up-regulation of mesenchymal markers, including collagen type I and α-smooth muscle actin, and a reduction in endothelial cell and junctional proteins, including von Willebrand factor, CD31, occludin, and vascular endothelial-cadherin. (surrey.ac.uk)
[3] [5] FGF2 binds to and exerts effects via specific fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) proteins which themselves constitute a family of closely related molecules. (wikidoc.org)
This review summarizes evidence for the role of proteolytic enzymes that degrade and inactivate insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBP) during follicular development in mammals. (bioone.org)
A mixture of human growth factors, cytokines, antioxidants and matrix proteins. (harveyprince.com)

Senescent cells supply beneficial growth factors which promote myofibroblast differentiation. (jax.org)
BMP2 is a cytokine and growth factor that stimulates the differentiation of myoblasts to osteoblasts. (naturalnews.com)
Furthermore, the human T cell hybridoma cell line MP6 that secretes a B cell growth and differentiation factor, recently identified as an isoform of thioredoxin, is also capable of stimulating EBV-infected B cells and lymphoblastoid cell lines. (lu.se)

Aging and exercise also play a role in the amount of inflammation from the release of proinflammatory cytokines. (wikipedia.org)
The generalized biological basis and scientific rationale of this study rest on known tumor/host cell biology showing that the interaction of tumor and stromal cells leads to the secretion of multiple growth factors and cytokines that modulate and promote cell growth, inflammation, and angiogenesis within the tumor microenvironment ( 2 - 4 ) and hence is related to tumor proliferation, invasion, and metastasis ( 5, 6 ). (aacrjournals.org)
These factors may regulate myeloid versus lymphoid balance with age, and can potentially mitigate the long-term deleterious effects of inflammation that lead to hematopoietic pathologies. (biorxiv.org)
However, many disease-predisposing factors and/or contributing factors have been identified, including inflammation, endothelial cell dysfunction, aberrant vascular wall cell proliferation and mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein-receptor type 2 ( Bmpr2 ) gene [ 1 - 3 ]. (ersjournals.com)
1 In RA, numerous cytokines play a fundamental role in inflammation and joint destruction and are thought to originate primarily from synoviocytes and leucocytes that massively infiltrate synovial tissue. (bmj.com)
This in turn leads to a reduction in growth factor signaling, vascular perturbations, and inflammation. (nature.com)
During the process of airway inflammation, complex interactions of innate and adaptive immune cells as well as structural cells and their cytokines have many important roles. (cdc.gov)
Interleukin (IL)-9-producing subset called Th9 cell, Th22 cells which primarily secrete IL-22, IL-13 and tumor necrosis factor- and Th25 cells via producing IL-25 are believed to be important for initiating allergic reactions and developing airway inflammation. (cdc.gov)
4] After allergen exposure, that produced exceptionally large quantities of airway inflammation is orchestrated mainly by cytokine IL-9. (cdc.gov)
Signaling triggered by OSM appears to play a role in many body processes, including the development of blood cells, the maturation of cells to become certain cell types, an immune system response called inflammation, and the self-destruction (apoptosis) of cells. (medlineplus.gov)

We discuss the rationale of various anti-fibrogenic treatment strategies targeting the clonal hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell, aberrant signaling pathways, fibrogenic cytokines, and the tumor microenvironment. (haematologica.org)
Their roles in intracellular signalling pathways suggest factors such as STAT3 might be involved in ageing and/or age-related disease [ 266 ]. (senescence.info)
The purpose of the study was to identify the key genes that were differentially expressed in these disc cells compared to cells without inflammatory cytokine treatment, using bioinformatics analyses, and to explore the related signaling pathways and interaction networks, providing clues to the molecular mechanisms of disc degeneration for future experimental studies. (minervamedica.it)
The signaling pathway analysis showed that these differentially expressed genes were mainly related to the interactions of cytokines, apoptosis and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways. (minervamedica.it)

Interestingly, we found that isolation-induced decreases in membrane PDE11A4 correlated with increased expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the soluble fraction, suggesting pro-inflammatory signaling for this cytokine. (frontiersin.org)

Although the expression of MHC class I and II molecules can be upregulated by MSC exposure to inflammatory cytokines interferon-gamma (IFN- γ ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α ), they are still unable to induce an immunological response [ 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
BACKGROUND: To investigate the microarray data on the gene expression profiles of intervertebral disc degeneration related to cytokine exposure. (minervamedica.it)
Epidemiological and biological data to the development of new or improved The Research Leadership Forums suggested a role for solar exposure biomarkers of exposure, susceptibility consist of one day meetings of senior and immune impairment in the etiology and diagnosis or staging of cancer, scientific staff at a location in or around of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). (who.int)

1 ) report that serum levels and temporal velocities of multiple cytokine and growth factors interleukin IL-6, IL-8, growth regulated oncogene 1 (GRO-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), secreted by tumor and stromal cells and modulated by transcription factor nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), predict chemoradiation response and survival in patients with advanced-stage oropharyngeal carcinoma. (aacrjournals.org)
This article reports important and significant translational results from the largest study to date in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients of the relationship between baseline levels and longitudinal changes in these individual serum cytokine levels and multiplexed NF-κB-related panels with cause-specific and disease-free survival. (aacrjournals.org)
Beyazit Y, Kocak E, Tanoglu A, Kekilli M. Oxidative stress might play a role in low serum vitamin D associated liver fibrosis among patients with autoimmune hepatitis. (springer.com)
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations were measured by ELISA in both bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and serum. (karger.com)
Our results indicate that the CRP level is higher in the serum than in the BAL fluid in the lung, and that IL-6 is the most important cytokine for the determination of the severity of the disease. (karger.com)
3 In CML, several pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, 5 4 IL-1β, 6 and TNF-α, 4 have been shown to be up-regulated in patient serum. (haematologica.org)

Increased reactive oxygen species activate various cytokine/growth factor signaling cascades resulting in increased expression of inflammatory and fibrotic genes. (cdc.gov)

They include interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-12, and IL-18, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon gamma (IFNγ), and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and play an important role in mediating the innate immune response. (wikipedia.org)
Substrate recognition by either RNA or DNA sensors leads to signaling cascades that activate two major branches of the innate immune response, the type I/III IFN response and the inflammatory cytokine response (reviewed in ref. 11 ). (nature.com)
The inflammatory cytokine response is involved in the recruitment and activation of immune cells. (nature.com)
An important class of innate immune cells that play a critical role in mediating the antitumor immune response is the natural killer (NK) cell. (frontiersin.org)
NK cells are now accepted to play an important role in both the adaptive and innate immune responses that govern infection, autoimmunity, and tumor immunosurveillance ( 2 , 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
The precise spatial and temporal impact of immune cells and their cytokines on fracture healing remains obscure. (hindawi.com)
In this paper, we review the current literature on both in vitro and in vivo studies on the role of the immune system in fracture repair, the use of MSCs in the enhancement of fracture healing, and interactions between MSCs and immune cells. (hindawi.com)
The vaccine-induced immune response is influenced by: (i.) vaccine factors i.e., type and composition of the antigen(s), (ii. (smw.ch)
host factors i.e., genetic differences in immune-signalling or senescence, and (iii. (smw.ch)
In addition to playing a major role in thermogenesis, nutrient and energy homoeostasis, it is also involved in bone mass growth and modulation of the immune response. (bmj.com)

Inflammatory cytokines include interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-12, and IL-18, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon gamma (IFNγ), and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). (wikipedia.org)

We predict several transcription factors to regulate differentially expressed genes between mLT-HSCs and other LT-HSC subsets. (biorxiv.org)
The gene ontology annotation analysis showed that these differentially expressed genes were primarily associated with cytokine activity, growth factor activity, the inflammatory reaction and the response to injury. (minervamedica.it)

It was also shown to act on preosteoblasts - in the form of an increased proliferation - after binding to fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 and activating phosphoinositide 3-kinase . (wikidoc.org)
Profibrotic growth factors and cytokines contribute directly to fibroblast proliferation and collagen production. (cdc.gov)
4 This cellular damage causes a release of cytokines and growth factors that lead to migration of macrophages and neutrophils, and eventually to cellular and tissue proliferation. (asra.com)
Neointima stained positive for both -smooth muscle actin and PCNA indicating proliferation of smooth muscle cells possibly mediated by growth factors TGF-β 1 , PDGF-A and PDGF-B, while TUNEL indicated apoptosis in the intimal layer in affected arteries. (biomedcentral.com)

The identification of Th17 cells, which produce interleukins (ILs) - 17A, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and many other factors shed a light on the previously observed CMI in the absence of IFN-)γ. (medscape.com)
The CD56 bright population produces immunoregulatory cytokines, including interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-beta (TNF-B), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GMCSF), IL-10, and IL-13 ( 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
This development occurs under the influence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), which is secreted by various cell types (eg, endothelial cells, fibroblasts). (msdmanuals.com)
At infection sites, activated T cells secrete cytokines (eg, interferon-gamma [IFN-gamma]) that induce production of macrophage migration inhibitory factor, preventing macrophages from leaving. (msdmanuals.com)

The role of genes ceptibility to HIV infection and the course of HIV of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system in disease. (cdc.gov)
The interaction network analysis indicated that PTGS2, ICAM1, NOV and other genes may play a role in disc degeneration. (minervamedica.it)
CONCLUSIONS: We found that ICAM1 and other genes may play a role in the development of disc degeneration induced by inflammatory reactions using a bioinformatics analysis of the gene expression profiles of degenerative intervertebral disc cells stimulated with inflammatory factors, suggesting that bioinformatics methods can be used to identify potential target for intervertebral disc degeneration. (minervamedica.it)

The main cytokines that are founded on the health periodontal tissue are: the fibroblast growth factor, the plated-derived growth factor, the insulin-like growth factor and growth factor. (bvsalud.org)
FGF2 , also known as basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and FGF-β, is a growth factor and signaling protein encoded by the FGF2 gene . (wikidoc.org)
Fibroblast growth factor protein was first purified in 1975, but soon afterwards others using different conditions isolated basic FGF, Heparin-binding growth factor-2, and Endothelial cell growth factor-2. (wikidoc.org)
Like other FGF family members, basic fibroblast growth factor possess broad mitogenic and cell survival activities, and is involved in a variety of biological processes, including embryonic development , cell growth , morphogenesis , tissue repair , tumor growth and invasion. (wikidoc.org)
Basic fibroblast growth factor has been shown to interact with casein kinase 2, alpha 1 , [13] RPL6 [14] and ribosomal protein S19 . (wikidoc.org)
The biological activity of tissue-conditioned media was evaluated by measuring production of selected factors (IL-6, IL-8, Dickkopf-1, osteoprotegerin) by fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). (bmj.com)

These well-regulated processes to transfer information between cells occur through direct cell-cell contact, various soluble bioactive factors and through cellular microparticles [ 6 , 7 ]. (ersjournals.com)

The kidney proximal tubule cells produce proinflammatory cytokines in response to lipopolysaccharide. (wikipedia.org)
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are known to play an important role in wound healing. (uni-muenchen.de)
This T-cell-mediated activation of phagocytes depends on interferon gamma (IFN-γ), a major cytokine produced by type 1 T-helper (Th1) cells. (medscape.com)
[ 1 ] The role of Th17 and Th1 cells in CMI may vary depending on stimulants. (medscape.com)
That is, in CH, CD4 + T cells are major effector cells, with CD8 + cell playing a regulatory role at least in certain model systems. (medscape.com)
These cells then produce inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-17A, and IFN-γ. (medscape.com)
There is compelling clinical and experimental evidence to suggest that natural killer (NK) cells play a critical role in the recognition and eradication of tumors. (frontiersin.org)
Histologic assessment of patients with systemic sclerosis-associated PAH and the hypoxia/SU5416 mouse model identified the presence von Willebrand factor/α-smooth muscle actin-positive endothelial cells in up to 5% of pulmonary vessels. (surrey.ac.uk)
the growth factor is necessary for the cells to remain in an undifferentiated state, although the mechanisms by which it does this are poorly defined. (wikidoc.org)
Aberrantly expressed cytokines in the bone marrow (BM) niche are increasingly recognized as critical mediators of survival and expansion of leukemic stem cells. (haematologica.org)
To identify regulators of primitive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells, we performed a high-content cytokine screen using primary CD34 + CD38 low chronic phase CML cells. (haematologica.org)
2 1 There is growing evidence to suggest that primitive CML cells affect the bone marrow (BM) niche, contributing to deregulated cytokine levels. (haematologica.org)
Cytokines are essential for the function and maintenance of cells, and altered cytokine levels influence not only leukemic cells, but also the normal HSC within the BM. (haematologica.org)
Senescent cells in aging tissues are characterized by increased inflammatory cytokine and growth factor secretion. (jax.org)
Since the researchers already knew that vasculogenesis plays a pivotal role in bone formation, they used a bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2)-induced ectopic bone formation model and mice 4T1 breast cancer cells co-implanted with luciferase-labeled C3H/10T1/2 cells (4T1 + C3H/10T1/2-Luc) model for their study. (naturalnews.com)
Taken together, these results suggest that CAFs-derived exosomes confer cisplatin resistance of NSCLC cells through transferring miRNA-130a and that PUM2 is a critical factor for packaging miRNA-130a into exosomes. (dovepress.com)
We have here examined various cell-derived cytokines for their ability to enhance both the cellular outgrowth of newly infected B cells and the clonability of infected B cells and lymphoblastoid cell lines. (lu.se)
Our results show that the murine thymoma cell line EL-4 is superior to peripheral blood mononuclear cells in both cellular outgrowth and cloning experiments, whereas monocyte-derived factors and monocyte cell lines were less capable than peripheral blood mononuclear cells in enhancing cellular outgrowth and cloning. (lu.se)
The present results also suggest that one potential role of the MP6-derived thioredoxin could be the up regulation of IL-6 receptor expression in EBV-infected B cells. (lu.se)
T helper (Th) 2 cells, which recruit and accumulate in the lungs and produce a range of different effector cytokines. (cdc.gov)
However, more recent studies have revealed the potential collaboration of other helper T cells and their cytokines in this process. (cdc.gov)
The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge about the possible roles of newly identified helper T cells derived cytokines (IL-9, 17, 22, 25 and IL-33) in asthma. (cdc.gov)
Th9 cells were first identified as a Th2 subpopulation have many important roles. (cdc.gov)

Finally, the researchers reported that the mRNA levels of endothelial markers - namely, the platelet endothelial adhesive factor-1 (CD31), the endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 (ESM-1), and the vascular von Willebrand factor (vWF) in mouse 4T1 mammary tumor tissue - significantly increased after epimedin C treatment. (naturalnews.com)
ABSTRACT Allergic contact dermatitis to cement is a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction in which cytokines interferon-gamma (IFN-) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) may be involved in persisting erythema and oedema. (who.int)
VEGF pour vascular endothelial growth factor) peuvent être impliqués dans des érythèmes ou des oedèmes persistants. (who.int)

We also discuss the physicochemical properties of CNTs and their effects on pulmonary toxicities as well as various biological factors contributing to the development of fibrosis. (cdc.gov)
2) To investigate the biological activity of AAT and SM released factors. (bmj.com)
Suggested biological mechanisms for the beneficial effects of caloric restriction include decreased circulating levels of growth factors, anabolic hormones, and cytokines. (nature.com)
by normal individuals cause broncho-constriction in Cytokines often have overlapping biological activities, patients with asthma. (cdc.gov)

The disease is characterized by up-regulation of growth factors (TGF-β 1 , PDGF-A and B). Apoptosis was detected in the intimal layer of affected aortas. (biomedcentral.com)

citation needed] Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) targets JAK 1 and 2, the human tyrosine kinase protein required for signaling in multiple cytokines. (wikipedia.org)
However, better understanding of the role of increased JAK-STAT signaling [either through activating mutations ( JAK2 , MPL515L/K ) within the signaling pathway, or mutations involving CALR ], the role of deregulated pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, and the impaired bone marrow microenvironment is transforming the treatment approach for MF. (haematologica.org)
Ovarian cancer cell heparan sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferases regulate an angiogenic program induced by heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like growth factor/EGF receptor signaling. (nih.gov)
Mechanistically, CXCL14 upregulated inflammatory cytokine signaling but downregulated mTOR signaling and oxidative phosphorylation in CML LSCs. (lu.se)

Among these, we show that Klf5 , Ikzf1 and Stat3 play important roles in age-related inflammatory myeloid bias. (biorxiv.org)

Using genetically modified mouse models to specifically modulate senescence response in stroma, we examine the possible role of senescent microenvironment in promoting oncogenesis. (umassmed.edu)

Th17 cell may have a role in severe asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). (cdc.gov)

Some cytokines are reported to be proosteogenic while others inhibit bone healing. (hindawi.com)
While some signals are mitogenic and proosteogenic, others function to inhibit osteogenesis and increase bone resorption, and it appears that a well-controlled, delicate balance of inflammatory factors is necessary for proper fracture repair [ 3 - 6 ]. (hindawi.com)

We highlight the contribution of cytokines, growth factors, and chemokine secretion in permitting a scarless mucosal environment. (ca.gov)
We describe the role of allelic polymorphism in the gene coding for the CCR5 chemokine receptor with regard to susceptibility to and disease course of HIV infection. (cdc.gov)
Before the discovery of the role of chemokine disease is expected to increase. (cdc.gov)

The current study builds on previously reported data from these and other investigators that increased expression of a number of cytokines and growth factors is observed in HNSCC cell lines and tumor tissues ( 7 - 15 ). (aacrjournals.org)
Cytokines, cancer vaccines, adoptive cell transfers, and especially checkpoint inhibitors constitute valuable elements in the immunotherapeutic armamentarium. (frontiersin.org)
Complex role of γδ T-cell-derived cytokines and growth factors in cancer. (nih.gov)
Effects of hematopoietic stem cell adhesion on marrow stromal cell cytokine p. (rochester.edu)
Out of the 313 unique human cytokines evaluated, 11 were found to expand cell numbers ≥2-fold in a 7-day culture. (haematologica.org)
Furthermore, we discuss the role of stem cell-like progenitor populations in the mucosa that may contribute to wound healing. (ca.gov)
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have been demonstrated to be essential stromal components in the tumor microenvironment, regulating cancer cell growth, migration, invasion, and chemo-response through various mechanisms. (dovepress.com)
When activated, cytokines and growth factors are released that play a role in cell growth, cell recruitment, and cell repair. (asra.com)
Role of functional polymorphism of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (-1306 C/T and -168 G/T) and MMP-9 (-1562 C/T) promoter in oral submucous fibrosis and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in an Indian population. (cdc.gov)
As greater understanding of the growth factors involved in wound healing emerges, future patient care may include scarless wound healing and transplant of tissues engineered from stem cell progenitors. (medscape.com)

Also, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) activates the calcium-activated potassium channel (KCa3.1) which could be involved the detrimental effects of renal fibrosis. (wikipedia.org)

The purpose of this study is review and discuss the importance of the growth factors on the periodontal tissue balance and consequently its function on the periodontal health. (bvsalud.org)
Results from this study define an unanticipated role for senescence in tissue repair and suggest that topical application of PDGF-AA may accelerate and improve cutaneous wound healing. (jax.org)
This tissue releases biologically active factors that intensify pathogenic activities of rheumatoid FLS. (bmj.com)
Understanding how the body repairs damaged tissue and what factors influence the wound healing process helps the surgeon ensure an acceptable outcome from surgery. (medscape.com)

We investigated the initial levels of proinflammatory cytokines and acute phase reactants (APR), e.g. (karger.com)
There was no significant correlation between the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II score and the cytokines. (karger.com)
Role of signal transduction inhibition in treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia/myelodysplasia. (rochester.edu)

Growth factors are inherent in our bodies and play a role in maintaining skin. (harveyprince.com)

Agency is provided by the study of of carcinogenesis associated with the treatment of invasive cervical cancer the role of cutaneous HPV types in important risk factors for two common by decreasing recurrences of cancerous skin carcinogenesis, carried out by the human cancers. (who.int)

Excessive chronic production of inflammatory cytokines contribute to inflammatory diseases, that have been linked to different diseases, such as atherosclerosis and cancer. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] Excessive chronic production of inflammatory cytokines contribute to inflammatory diseases. (wikipedia.org)

In this context, physical medicine and rehabilitation plays a fundamental role. (intechopen.com)

Of specific relevance, these investigators have previously observed increased levels of factors IL-6, IL-8, GRO-1, VEGF, and HGF in the sera of HNSCC patients compared with disease-free control subjects ( 9, 12, 16 - 20 ), consistent with previous and related studies ( 9, 21 - 24 ). (aacrjournals.org)
Le VEGF et l'IFN- peuvent jouer un rôle dans la pathogenèse de la dermite de contact allergique due au ciment. (who.int)

Dehoux MS, Boutten A, Ostinelli J, et al: Compartmentalized cytokine production within the human lung in unilateral pneumonia. (karger.com)

IL-6 plays a role in neuronal reaction to an injury. (wikipedia.org)

Discussion: The effect of sulfur mustard on MSC might play an important role in the persistence of long-term adverse effects;here the reduced migration could particularly be important. (uni-muenchen.de)
Long term diabetes and poor glycemic control are the most important risk factors for DN development ( DCCT Research Group, 1993 ). (scialert.net)

These observations, together with their finding that the levels of several of these factors can be jointly modulated in HNSCC by the transcription factor NF-κB, led these investigators to hypothesize that the circulating levels of these factors could be combined into a biologically rational biomarker panel for more accurately predicting response, relapse, and survival in individual patients. (aacrjournals.org)
These severe cases are often associated with high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and low antiviral responses, which can cause systemic complications. (nature.com)
Recent evidence has shown that low levels of FGF2 play a key role in the incidence of excessive anxiety. (wikidoc.org)

The goals of this review are to describe the nature of these expanded roles, examine the implications of vitamin D deficiency in autoimmune hepatitis, and identify opportunities for future investigation. (springer.com)

Immunomodulatory role of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. (springer.com)

This review summarizes the major pathological factors linking obesity to diabetes, focussing on current epidemiological data related to obese diabetic patients in the Arab world, the etiology of the disease and the genetic determinants of diabetes and obesity. (who.int)

The migration capacity under influence of SM was analyzed after treatment with various cytokines. (uni-muenchen.de)
Many cytokines that are necessary for MSC migration were secreted in a reduced manner. (uni-muenchen.de)
The compensation of the SM-induced migration reduction by addition of cytokines could possibly solve this problem. (uni-muenchen.de)

6A) polymorphisms of matrix metalloproteinase 3 gene as a risk factor for oral submucous fibrosis among male areca users. (cdc.gov)
The role of gene mutations in this process is still being determined. (medlineplus.gov)

Transforming growth factor-ß-1 polymorphisms are infrequent but exist at selected loci in oral submucous fibrosis. (cdc.gov)
Role of GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphism: susceptibility to oral submucous fibrosis in the North Indian population. (cdc.gov)

Platelets release platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-b) from their alpha granules to attract neutrophils and macrophages. (medscape.com)

Anatomy32

Organisms9

Diseases9

Chemicals and Drugs144

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment24

Phenomena and Processes39

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Anti-inflammatory6

Secretion of cytokines1

Chemokines2

Upregulation of inflammatory2

Proinflammatory cytokine6

Receptors3

Extracellular2

Pathogenesis5

Inflammatory response5

Proteins7

Differentiation3

Inflammation10

Pathways4

Suggesting pro-inflammatory1

Exposure3

Serum6

Expression of inflammatory1

Immune10

Interleukin1

Differentially expressed genes2

Proliferation4

Macrophage4

Genes3

Fibroblast6

Soluble1

Cells23

Endothelial3

Biological4

Apoptosis1

Signaling4

Myeloid1

Modulate1

Th171

Bone2

Chemokine3

Cell10

Detrimental1

Tissue4

Acute3

Play a role1

Cancerous1

Chronic2

Fundamental role1

VEGF2

Human1

Reaction1

Important2

Levels3

Describe1

Immunomodulatory1

Review summarizes1

Migration3

Gene2

Fibrosis2

Platelets1