• Carbonic Anhydrase is a zinc-containing enzyme that catalyzes the reversible conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Bovine carbonic anhydrase II (CA II) is a cytosolic, single-chain, approximately 29 kDa enzyme. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Other mechanisms may also play a role, such as inhibition of leukotriene synthesis, lysosomal enzyme release, lipoxygenase activity, neutrophil aggregation, and various cell membrane functions. (medscape.com)
  • The major pharmacologic action of agents in this class is noncompetitive inhibition of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase. (medscape.com)
  • Here, a systematic approach to investigate the effect of an active-site-residue mutation on a model enzyme, human carbonic anhydrase II (CA II), is described. (iucr.org)
  • In this study, we describe the effect of a single amino-acid variation on a prototypical enzyme, human carbonic anhydrase II (CA II), by correlating its high-resolution reaction-intermediate structures with the measured kinetic parameters. (iucr.org)
  • It is a constituent of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase. (medicregister.com)
  • This enzyme is, in turn, a constituent of red blood cells and gastric juices, and plays an important role in the deposition of calcium salts in teeth and bones. (medicregister.com)
  • CA9 is a membrane-tethered, carbonic anhydrase (CA) enzyme, expressed mainly at the external surface of cells, that catalyzes reversible CO(2) hydration. (unifi.it)
  • Reduces aqueous humor formation by inhibiting enzyme carbonic anhydrase, which results in decreased IOP. (medscape.com)
  • An enzyme present in red blood cells, carbonic anhydrase, aids in the conversion of carbon dioxide to carbonic acid and bicarbonate ions. (rcsb.org)
  • Although these reactions can occur even without the enzyme, carbonic anhydrase can increase the rate of these conversions up to a million fold. (rcsb.org)
  • Another interesting biological phenomenon where this enzyme plays a role is the calcification of corals. (rcsb.org)
  • Carbonic anhydrase is an enzyme that assists rapid inter-conversion of carbon dioxide and water into carbonic acid, protons and bicarbonate ions. (rcsb.org)
  • This ancient enzyme has three distinct classes (called alpha, beta and gamma carbonic anhydrase). (rcsb.org)
  • Carbonic anhydrase from mammals belong to the alpha class, the plant enzymes belong to the beta class, while the enzyme from methane-producing archaea that grow in hot springs forms the gamma class. (rcsb.org)
  • Since this enzyme produces and uses protons and bicarbonate ions, carbonic anhydrase plays a key role in the regulation of pH and fluid balance in different parts of our body. (rcsb.org)
  • In our stomach lining it plays a role in secreting acid, while the same enzyme helps to make pancreatic juices alkaline and our saliva neutral. (rcsb.org)
  • Other studies on CCS mineralisation have used the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, which works in a similar way to nickel nanoparticles. (chemistryworld.com)
  • Hydrochloric acid (HCl) and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors may be used in some acute situations. (medscape.com)
  • In this paper we have represented "Three Dimensional Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship" study to characterize structural features of Sulfamide derivative [RRNSO2NH2] as inhibitors, that are required for selective binding of carbonic anhydrase isozymes (CAI and CAII). (eurekaselect.com)
  • and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, including acetazolamide and methazolamide. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Many agents are available for lowering of IOP, including topical beta-blockers, adrenergic agents, and topical and systemic carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. (medscape.com)
  • We have developed selective CAIX inhibitors with anticancer properties based on carborane scaffold to the structure-assisted design of novel and original inhibitors targeting therapeutically relevant isoenzymes of human carbonic anhydrase. (imtm.cz)
  • All currently used inhibitors anhydrase inhibitors contain a sulfonamide or a sulfamate moiety connected to so-called 'ring structure' which is usually a 5- or 6-membered aromatic ring or conjugated ring system containing nitrogen, oxygen, and/or sulfur heteroatoms. (imtm.cz)
  • CA VI, the only known secretory form of carbonic anhydrase, is secreted into saliva as well as milk. (sandra.black)
  • The H + binds with hemoglobin in red blood cells and is released with oxygenation in the alveoli, at which time the reaction is reversed by another form of carbonic anhydrase, creating water (H 2 O), which is excreted by the kidneys, and CO 2 , which is exhaled in each breath. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a family of zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the interconversion between carbon dioxide and water and the dissociated ions of carbonic acid (i.e. bicarbonate and hydrogen ions). (wikipedia.org)
  • The GDPSP/C was dependent on the availability of bicarbonate, but not on interstitial or intrapyramidal carbonic anhydrase activity. (jneurosci.org)
  • Carbonic anhydrase plays an important role in bicarbonate reabsorption from the proximal tubule ( Ives, 2001 ). (aspetjournals.org)
  • Acetazolamide, a major carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, blocks the re-absorption of sodium bicarbonate, resulting in an alkaline diuresis with loss of sodium and bicarbonate in the urine. (aspetjournals.org)
  • KEGG pathway enrichment correlation revealed that protein digestion and absorption (Ko04974), proximal tubule bicarbonate (Ko04964), and bile secretion (Ko04976) played important roles in Na + /H + and Na + /K + exchange. (hindawi.com)
  • In both land and water plants, carbonic anhydrase plays a role in converting bicarbonate ions back to carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. (rcsb.org)
  • Seawater calcium reacts with the bicarbonate produced by carbonic anhydrase from the coral polyps, forming calcium carbonate. (rcsb.org)
  • Found in virtually all living organisms and ubiquitous throughout human tissues, carbonic anhydrases catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate. (sandra.black)
  • Inhibitor (green) bound in the active site of carbonic anhydrase. (rcsb.org)
  • In addition to these elements, a number of metal atoms play essential supporting roles in producing enzymes, contributing to communication pathways, and enabling specific processes in the body. (gsu.edu)
  • Genes for enzymes involved in organic acid synthesis (carbonic anhydrase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, malate dehydrogenase, and citrate synthase) along with genes involved in nitrogen metabolism (asparagine synthetase and glutamine synthetase) were co-expressed in effective nodules of M. truncatula. (usda.gov)
  • PDB entries 1ca2 , 1ddz and 1thj , shown here from top to bottom, are examples of the alpha, beta and gamma carbonic anhydrase enzymes, respectively. (rcsb.org)
  • Carbonic anhydrase VI (CA VI) belongs to a group of zinc containing enzymes called, you guessed it… carbonic anhydrases. (sandra.black)
  • Due to characteristic physicochemical properties of sulphonamide (Inhibition of Carbonic Anhydrase), they are clinically effective against glaucoma. (eurekaselect.com)
  • Both act by inhibition of carbonic anhydrase in the ciliary processes that decreases aqueous humor formation. (medscape.com)
  • While most carbonic anhydrase isozymes are soluble and secreted, some are bound to the membranes of specific epithelial cells. (rcsb.org)
  • Carbonic Anhydrase II bovine has been used as a control in native gel electrophoresis and X-ray absorption spectroscopy characterization of Thalassiosira weissflogii carbonic anhydrase 1. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • We have previously described the first cloning and partial characterization of carbonic anhydrase from larval Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. (silverchair.com)
  • They made the discovery after they found high concentrations of nickel ions on the surface of sea urchin larvae, suggesting that nickel plays a role in forming the sea urchin's exoskeleton. (chemistryworld.com)
  • Nacrein, which is composed of a carbonic anhydrase domain and a Gly-X-Asn repeat domain, is one of the organic matrix proteins that accumulates in shells. (bioone.org)
  • Sulfur has many structural roles in proteins. (gsu.edu)
  • Their N-terminal hydrophilic domains may interact with cytoskeletal proteins and therefore play a cell structural role. (tcdb.org)
  • 2007). These proteins are important for the regulation of intracellular pH (pH i ) and play crucial roles in the epithelial absorption of HCO 3 - (e.g., in the renal proximal tubule) and secretion of HCO 3 - (e.g., in the pancreatic duct). (tcdb.org)
  • 4] Bharti, V.K. and Srivastava, R.S. (2009) Protective Role of Buffalo Pineal Proteins on Arsenic-Induced Oxidative Stress in Blood and Kidney of Rats. (scirp.org)
  • Gaurav Bhaduri and Lidija Šiller at the University of Newcastle, UK have discovered that nickel nanoparticles can catalyse the hydration reaction that turns CO 2 in water into carbonic acid - a crucial step for separating CO 2 for the mineralisation process. (chemistryworld.com)
  • Regulation of the expressions of HCO3- uptake and intracellular carbonic anhydrase in response to CO2 concentration in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum sp. (bio.net)
  • Regulation of RUBISCO, role of Rubisco activase and its regulation. (elte.hu)
  • The coordinated expression of genes for organic acid and nitrogen metabolism is expected to play a vital role in the regulation of nitrogen assimilation during Medicago symbiosis. (usda.gov)
  • Carbonic anhydrase 13 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CA13 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • The FA2 gene of Chlamydomonas encodes a NIMA family kinase with roles in cell cycle progression and microtubule severing during deflagellation. (bio.net)
  • Additionally we take advantage of the recently published genome of the mosquito Anopheles gambiae to assess the complexity of the carbonic anhydrase gene family in these insects. (silverchair.com)
  • Bioinformatic analyses using the Ensembl automatic analysis pipeline show that there are at least 14 carbonic anhydrase genes in the Anopheles gambiae genome, including a homologue to the GPI-linked gene product described herein. (silverchair.com)
  • Mammalian carbonic anhydrases occur in about 10 slightly different forms depending upon the tissue or cellular compartment they are located in. (rcsb.org)
  • We report here that the previously described carbonic anhydrase from Aedes aegypti is similar to mammalian CA IV in that it is a GPI-linked peripheral membrane protein. (silverchair.com)
  • Tumor-associated carbonic anhydrase 9 spatially coordinates intracellular pH in three-dimensional multicellular growths. (unifi.it)
  • Tumor-associated carbonic anhydrase 9 spatially coordinates intracellular pH in three-dimensional multicellular growths / P. Swietach;S. Wigfield;P. Cobden;C. T. Supuran;A. L. Harris;R. D. Vaughan-Jones. (unifi.it)
  • Because deletion of the Gly-X-Asn repeat domain of nacrein had a significant effect on the ability of nacrein to inhibit the precipitation of calcium carbonate, it is conceivable that the repeat domain has a primary role in the inhibitory function of nacrein in shell formation. (bioone.org)
  • Overview of analysis favours substituents with high electronegativity and less bulk at R and R positions of the parent nucleus, provides a basis to design new Sulfamide derivatives possessing potent and selective carbonic anhydrase-II inhibitory activity. (eurekaselect.com)
  • Hiroshi Miyamoto , Fumiko Miyoshi , and Jun Kohno "The Carbonic Anhydrase Domain Protein Nacrein is Expressed in the Epithelial Cells of the Mantle and Acts as a Negative Regulator in Calcification in the Mollusc Pinctada fucata ," Zoological Science 22(3), 311-315, (1 March 2005). (bioone.org)
  • Citrate plays several important roles in the mechanism of urinary stone formation. (medscape.com)
  • Product C7749, Bovine carbonic anhydrase II (CA II), has been widely used as a model protein in the investigation of the protein folding process. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • For a deeper look at carbonic anhydrase from a genomic perspective, please visit the Protein of the Month feature at the European Bioinformatics Institute. (rcsb.org)
  • In addition, important genes related to osmoregulation, such as ion transport and carbonic anhydrase, were also detected in the correlation analysis for same trend DEPs_DEGs. (hindawi.com)
  • Four ethylene receptors genes ( AcERS1b , AcERS1b , AcETR2a , and AcETR2b ) have been cloned, and expression analysis showed that AcERS1b , AcETR2a , and AcETR2b play key roles in pineapple flowering 13 . (nature.com)
  • Therefore, as in mammals which similarly possess numerous carbonic anhydrase genes, insects require a large family of these genes to handle the complex metabolic pathways influenced by carbonic anhydrases and their substrates. (silverchair.com)
  • One of its main physiological roles is to maintain the acid-base balance in blood and other tissues. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Carbonic anhydrases are widely distributed in plant and animal tissues where they are involved in diverse physiological processes, such as photosynthesis, pH homeostasis, calcification, and bone resorption. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • We explored the potential role of host-microorganism interactions between scale worms and deep sea mussels, and revealed the mechanisms through which scale worm parasitism affects hosts in deep sea chemosynthetic ecosystem. (frontiersin.org)
  • In conclusion, it was suggested that hOAT1 may play an important role in the basolateral uptake of thiazides, and hOAT3 in the uptake of loop diuretics. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: Q8N1Q1 (Human Carbonic anhydrase 13) at the PDBe-KB. (wikipedia.org)
  • Role of carbonic anhydrase IX in human tumor cell growth, survival, and invasion. (ox.ac.uk)
  • and they play roles in human genetic diseases, with functional disorders causing diseases. (tcdb.org)
  • Human carbonic anhydrases (CAs) play essential roles in many pathological processes and several CA isoenzymes thus represent diagnostic and therapeutic targets. (imtm.cz)
  • Providing energy and taking part into the metabolic process are the roles of nutrients, including iron ingested through food in order to keep and maintain the health of the body. (bvsalud.org)
  • Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is a membrane-associated carbonic anhydrase (CA), strongly induced by hypoxia. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Calcium and magnesium can accomplish this, but calcium is superior for the role, binding many times more strongly than magnesium. (gsu.edu)
  • Thus, CAIX plays an important role in the growth and survival of tumor cells under normoxia and hypoxia, making it a potential target for cancer therapy, but is not involved in invasion. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Although present in relatively small amounts, metal atoms play a surprisingly important role in the chemistry of life. (gsu.edu)
  • In pineapple, flowering is triggered by a burst of ethylene production in response to various cues, in which the AcACS2 plays an important role 12 . (nature.com)
  • however, PISTILLATA and FT expression peaked on day 40 after ethylene treatment when the fruit and floral organs were forming, indicating an important role in floral organ and fruit development 14 , 15 . (nature.com)
  • Carbonic anhydrase (CA) in the carotid body (CB) plays an important role in the maintenance of blood PO2 and PCO2/pH homeostasis by regulating ventilation. (openrespiratorymedicinejournal.com)
  • Previous studies have revealed that the microbiota plays an important role in host adaptability. (frontiersin.org)
  • Bone also plays an important buffering role, especially of acid loads. (msdmanuals.com)
  • These results suggest a strong link between ovulatory menstrual cycles and the risk of developing breast cancer, with progesterone playing an important role. (medscape.com)
  • Carbonic Anhydrase-II is an excellent approach in reducing elevated intraocular pressure, thus treating glaucoma. (eurekaselect.com)
  • From the electron transport chain to the maintaining of membrane potentials of cells, metals play essential supporting roles for the atoms involved in the major structures of life. (gsu.edu)
  • A family of GLYCOSYLPHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL-anchored, cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans that may play a role in CELL GROWTH PROCESSES and CELL DIFFERENTIATION by modulating ligand-receptor interactions. (bvsalud.org)
  • In this report we further examine the nature of the previously described carbonic anhydrase and test the hypothesis that its pattern of expression is consistent with a role in gut alkalization. (silverchair.com)
  • In situ hybridization analyses identify multiple locations of carbonic anhydrase expression in the larval mosquito. (silverchair.com)
  • While the involvement of actin polymerization in membrane protrusion is well-established, we have a more limited understanding of the role of transmembrane water flow in cell motility. (elifesciences.org)
  • Here we investigate the role of water influx in neutrophil migration. (elifesciences.org)
  • This fundamental study significantly advances our understanding of the role of water influx and swelling in neutrophil migration. (elifesciences.org)
  • In conclusion, the proteome and transcriptome correlation results from this study indicate that ion transport plays a critical role in the adaptation of S. paramamosain to sudden reduction in salinity. (hindawi.com)
  • It also plays a key role in maintaining vision and might have effects against viruses. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Carbon dioxide diffuses out of cells and is transported in blood in a few different ways: less than 10% dissolves in the blood plasma, about 20% binds to hemoglobin, while the majority of it (70%) is converted to carbonic acid to be carried to the lungs. (rcsb.org)
  • This paper presents a systematic literature review on a biocementation pathway, which uses the carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity of microorganisms that sequester CO2 to produce biocement. (lsbu.ac.uk)
  • An antibody prepared against a peptide sequence specific to the Aedes aegypti GPI-linked carbonic anhydrase labels plasma membranes of a number of cell types including neuronal cells and muscles. (silverchair.com)