• Importantly however, when neurons were cocultured with microglia and B. burgdorferi, significant neuronal apoptosis consistently occurred. (tulane.edu)
  • Persaud-Sawin et al found that transfecting CLN1 (ceroid lipofuscinosis, neuronal 1)- or CLN2-deficient cells with CLN deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) constructs for either CLN1 or CLN2 was somewhat protective against etoposide-induced apoptosis in both cell types. (medscape.com)
  • Brain injury insults cause neuronal death mainly through apoptosis. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • HIV-1-infected mononuclear phagocytes (MP) present in inflammatory infiltrates produce neurotoxins that mediate inflammation, dysfunction, and neuronal apoptosis. (northwestern.edu)
  • Evidence also indicates the presence of inappropriate neuronal apoptosis in persons with HD. (medscape.com)
  • These results suggested that SAD kinases and GSK-3beta regulate neuronal polarization -at least in part- by modulating microtubule dynamics. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Drawing on pharmacological and rescue experiments in MZrgs4, we provide evidence that Rgs4 facilitates signaling mediated by Akt, Erk and mTOR in order to drive axon outgrowth in motoneurons and regulate neuronal numbers. (curie.fr)
  • The let-7 family of miRNAs has been shown to regulate neuronal differentiation, neural subtype specification, and synapse formation in animal models. (nih.gov)
  • Thus focal inflammation in brain tissue with HIVE may up- regulate neuronal FKN levels, which in turn may he a neuroimmune modulator recruiting peripheral macrophages into the brain, and in a paracrine fashion protecting glutamatergic neurons. (northwestern.edu)
  • Neuronal Calcium Sensor Proteins can regulate signal transduction while showing exceptional conservation of yeast to humans. (prospecbio.com)
  • Therefore, we assessed neuronal survival and intracellular calcium concentrations ([Ca 2+ ](i)) in neonatal hippocampal cultures in response to glutamate in the presence and absence of oxygen. (umn.edu)
  • For example, the need for averaging neuronal activity over long periods or large groups of cells to assess a robust mean and to diminish the effect of noise correlations. (plos.org)
  • When cultures were deprived of oxygen during and for 2-24 hr after excitotoxin exposure, glutamate did not cause additional neuronal death beyond that induced by oxygen depletion alone. (umn.edu)
  • Adult neurogenesis is a complex process whereby neural progenitor cells adopt a neuronal fate, migrate, and mature over several weeks. (jneurosci.org)
  • Neuronal noise or neural noise refers to the random intrinsic electrical fluctuations within neuronal networks. (wikipedia.org)
  • Non-linear neural networks are a network of complex neurons that have many connections with one another such as the neuronal systems found within our brains. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, current research suggests that neuronal noise is beneficial to non-linear or complex neural networks up until optimal value. (wikipedia.org)
  • Investigators of neural ensembles and those who especially support the theory of distributed processing, propose that large neuronal populations effectively decrease noise by averaging out the noise in individual neurons. (wikipedia.org)
  • More generally, two types of impacts of neuronal noise can be distinguished: it will either add variability to the neural response, or enable noise-induced dynamical phenomena which cannot be observed in a noise-free system. (wikipedia.org)
  • however, its role in neural development in vivo remains inconclusive. (curie.fr)
  • Brain morphogenesis requires precise regulation of multiple genes to control specification of distinct neural progenitors (NPs) and neuronal production. (frontiersin.org)
  • The many roles of dystroglycan in nervous system development and function: Dystroglycan and neural circuit development. (ohsu.edu)
  • Thus, ACh modulates network dynamics in a biphasic fashion, probably by inhibiting excitatory synaptic transmission and facilitating neuronal excitability through muscarinic signaling pathways. (springer.com)
  • Their work has transformed the field of neuroscience and, in particular, has provided important advances in the study of synaptic transmission, neuronal development, neurotransmitter transporters, ion channels and the neurobiology of disease. (ohsu.edu)
  • We show that overexpression of hsa-let-7c in human iNs derived from induced pluripotent stem (iPS), as well as embryonic stem (ES), cells leads to morphological as well as functional deficits including impaired neuronal morphologic development, synapse formation and synaptic strength, as well as a marked reduction of neuronal excitability. (nih.gov)
  • We show that IFNAR1KO results in partial, sex-dependent protection from neuronal injury and behavioral deficits in a transgenic model of HIV-induced brain injury. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This secondary damage includes oxidative stress and inflammatory cascades that can lead to further neuronal loss and motor deficits. (researchsquare.com)
  • Our findings provide evidence that the NLRP1 and NLRP3 inflammasomes have a major role in neuronal cell death and behavioral deficits in stroke. (scienceopen.com)
  • Dr. Casey earned a bachelor of science degree in economics and psychology from American University, Washington, D.C., and began her scientific career at the National Institutes of Health and the California Institute of Technology by participating in laboratory research of visual pathways and neuronal growth cone differentiation. (cdc.gov)
  • However, the specific effects of oxidative DNA damage in the onset or promotion of neuronal dysfunction have been less studied. (scientificarchives.com)
  • The role of mitochondrial dysfunction in HD has been under investigation. (medscape.com)
  • 2) Do microtubules play an instructive role in axon formation? (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Oxidative DNA Damage and Cisplatin Neurotoxicity Is Exacerbated by Inhibition of OGG1 Glycosylase Activity and APE1 Endonuclease Activity in Sensory Neurons), inhibition of enzymes that play a role in repairing oxidative DNA damage exacerbated neurotoxic effects of the chemotherapeutic agent, cisplatin. (scientificarchives.com)
  • Neuronal mTORC1 inhibition promotes longevity. (harvard.edu)
  • Deepening the role of excitation/inhibition balance in human iPSCs-derived neuronal networks coupled to MEAs during long-term development. (bvsalud.org)
  • Objective.The purpose of this study is to investigate whether and how the balance between excitation and inhibition ('E/I balance') influences the spontaneous development of human -derived neuronal networksin vitro. (bvsalud.org)
  • However, the role of microglia in TDP-43-mediated motor neuron degeneration remains poorly understood. (nature.com)
  • Taken together, these findings indicate that the neurotoxic surroundings generated by microglial cell responses to B. burgdorferi in the CNS, may be creating a bystander effect which potentiates the neuronal cell damage responsible for symptoms observed in neuroborreliosis While the cultivation of primary microglia and astrocyte cells is reasonable to attain, there are inherent difficulties in the generation of primary neuronal cultures. (tulane.edu)
  • Next, we examined the role of microglia during CNS injury using an in vitro slice paradigm that eliminated blood-borne monocytes and other serum factors before injury. (umaryland.edu)
  • However, the extant evidence in humans stems from neuroimaging methods that have relied on group analyses without much knowledge about the profile of neurophysiological engagement within localized neuronal populations at the individual brain level. (mit.edu)
  • Hence, it has remained unclear if the overlap of two functions in the PPC is the product of averaging, or they truly stem from a common profile of activity within the same neuronal populations in the human PPC. (mit.edu)
  • We show that neuronal populations expressing melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) and cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) display a dose-dependent sensitivity to QA. (lu.se)
  • In contrast, neuronal populations expressing orexin, oxytocin, vasopressin as well as tyrosine hydroxylase in the A13 area are resistant to QA-induced toxicity. (lu.se)
  • We demonstrate that the R6/2 transgenic mouse model expressing a short fragment of mutant HTT displays hypothalamic neuropathology with discrete loss of the neuronal populations expressing orexin, MCH, CART, and orexin at 12 weeks of age. (lu.se)
  • There was no effect of hypothalamic injections of QA on the neuronal populations expressing orexin, MCH, CART or oxytocin in neither HD mouse model. (lu.se)
  • In conclusion, we find no support for a role of excitotoxicity in the loss of hypothalamic neuronal populations in HD. (lu.se)
  • The extensive lengths of neuronal processes necessitate efficient mechanisms for communication with the cell body. (nature.com)
  • While it isn't clear on what theoretical basis neuronal responses involved in perceptual processes can be segregated into a "neuronal noise" versus a "signal" component, and how such a proposed dichotomy could be corroborated empirically, a number of computational models incorporating a "noise" term have been constructed. (wikipedia.org)
  • Our findings indicate that IFNAR1 plays a pivotal role in both sex-dependent and independent processes of neuronal injury and behavioral impairment triggered by HIV-1. (biomedcentral.com)
  • With whole-cell recording from single neurons, we found that ACh inhibited excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) while elevating neuronal firing in a dose-dependent manner. (springer.com)
  • To achieve that goal , we performed a long-term (98 d) characterization of both homogeneous (only excitatory or inhibitory neurons ) and heterogeneous (mixed neuronal types) cultures with controlled E/I ratios (i.e. (bvsalud.org)
  • Pathogenicity of lupus anti-ribosomal P antibodies: role of cross-reacting neuronal surface P antigen in glutamatergic transmission and plasticity in a mouse model. (umassmed.edu)
  • Our findings reveal a novel type of activity-dependent plasticity acting on the timing of neuronal maturation and functional integration of newly generated neurons along the longitudinal axis of the adult hippocampus. (jneurosci.org)
  • Manipulating H3.3 dynamics in both embryonic and adult neurons confirmed its essential role in neuronal plasticity and cognition. (mssm.edu)
  • Numerous genes modulated in this moment involve in neuronal survival or death. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • In order to target Sp1 or its regulated genes in the treatment of brain injury, several points about the functional role of Sp1 in brain neuronal injury still need to be further addressed. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • We will use cDNA array and chromatin immunoprecipitation/next generation sequence (ChIP-NGS) assay to screen the Sp1-regulated genes under brain injury condition, and further address the functional role of those genes in neuron protection. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • In addition, dysregulation of neuronal migration also contributes to the folding defects in the cortical midline region. (frontiersin.org)
  • Although a number of polarity regulators involved in this process have been identified, our understanding of the intracellular mechanisms underlying neuronal polarization still remains fragmentary. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Neuronal loss in the hippocampus, regarded as one of the basic pathological mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment, can result from Focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. (medindia.net)
  • The underlying mechanisms of selective vulnerability of certain neurons in HD are not fully understood, but excitotoxicity has been proposed to play a role. (lu.se)
  • We show that human and chimpanzee cells differentiate in a similar man¬ner and that the difference in interspecies protein abundance is higher than transcript-level differences, suggesting that post-transcriptional mechanisms play a role in the difference between human and chim¬panzee brain development. (lu.se)
  • Taken together, our results suggest that post-transcriptional mechanisms play an important role in the brain both during development and in the adult brain. (lu.se)
  • The requirement of Sin1 in cell survival, and in particular in neuronal survival, has not been established due to the early embryonic lethality of mice with a targeted deletion of the Sin1 gene. (bl.uk)
  • The role of Sin1 in regulating cell survival was evaluated in fibroblasts and cortical neurons. (bl.uk)
  • Gene-expression analysis of Sin1 knockout cortical neurons demonstrated an important down-regulation of transcription factors, cytoskeletal proteins and components of signalling pathways involved in neuronal survival, aiding to uncover the mechanism by which Sin1 promotes neuronal survival. (bl.uk)
  • Taken together, the results presented in this study show a key role of the scaffold protein Sin1 in regulating neuronal survival. (bl.uk)
  • Knockdown of microRNA (miRNA) miR-7 can rescue abnormal brain morphology in Gli3 knockout mice by recovering progenitor specification, neuronal production and migration through a counter-balance of the Gli3 activity. (frontiersin.org)
  • The L1 protein plays a role in the movement (migration) and organization of neurons and the outgrowth of axons, which are specialized extensions of neurons that transmit nerve impulses. (medlineplus.gov)
  • It regulates neuronal migration and microtubule function. (bvsalud.org)
  • We also analyzed the role of Akt, Erk and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling cascades and showed a requirement for these pathways in motoneurons axon outgrowth and neuronal development. (curie.fr)
  • The genetic mutation is theorized to cause an imbalance between free radical production and removal, resulting in the subsequent neuronal degeneration and neurotransmitter decline. (medscape.com)
  • Can the transplants reform damaged neuronal circuitry? (lu.se)
  • In contrast to antiapoptosis action, administration of Li + did not prevent neuronal cell necrosis by excitotoxicity or free radicals. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • A role for oxidative stress in the etiology of myriad neuropathologies is well accepted. (scientificarchives.com)
  • There are a wide range of neuropathologies in which oxidative and nitrooxidative stress play a predominant role in the etiology of the disease [ 1 - 3 ]. (scientificarchives.com)
  • This mechanism may play a role in the etiology of AD. (iospress.com)
  • Collectively, these results suggest an important function for let-7 family miRNAs in regulation of human neuronal development and raise implications for understanding the complex molecular etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders, such as T21, where let-7c gene dosage is increased. (nih.gov)
  • Implementations have been inspired by stereotypical neuronal responses like tuning curves in the visual system, where, for example, ON/OFF cells fire or not depending on the contrast in their receptive fields. (plos.org)
  • Single neurons demonstrate different responses to specific neuronal input signals. (wikipedia.org)
  • Following a clinical billet with the U.S. Coast Guard, Dr. Casey held leadership roles during disaster responses to the World Trade Center terrorist attack and to Hurricane Katrina. (cdc.gov)
  • This neuronal computation is aided by several voltage-gated channels present in the axon hillock and other neuron regions. (jove.com)
  • The presence of neuronal noise (or more specifically synaptic noise) confers to neurons more sensitivity to a broader range of inputs, it can equalize the efficacy of synaptic inputs located at different positions on the neuron, and it can also enable finer temporal discrimination. (wikipedia.org)
  • Shane Grealish: Cell Replacement Therapy for Parkinson's Disease: The Importance of Neuronal Subtype, Cell Source and Connectivity for Functional Recovery. (lu.se)
  • Through understanding functional recovery in terms of neuronal subtype and connectivity, the work presented in this thesis aims to bring the prospect of CRT closer to the clinic, I also describe the generation of a very promising alternative cell source that could rival fetal tissue. (lu.se)
  • Third, what are the functional roles of an important chaperone, sigma receptor regulated by Sp1 under brain injury condition. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Here, we employ recent developments in stem cell biology to show that hsa-let-7c mediates important regulatory epigenetic functions that control the development and functional activity of human induced neuronal cells (iNs). (nih.gov)
  • Spike-based functional connectivity and image-based deep learning analysis further confirmed all the above.Significance.Healthy neuronal activity is controlled by a well-defined E/I balance whose alteration could lead to the onset of neurodevelopmental disorders like schizophrenia or epilepsy . (bvsalud.org)
  • The aim of this thesis was to understand how particular factors such as neuronal content, placement and cell source, affect functional outcome after transplantation into the rodent brain. (lu.se)
  • While a similar inflammatory response has not been demonstrated in neuronal cells, neurological symptoms occur in nearly 20 percent of Lyme disease patients, and cognitive impairment is often a part of this scenario. (tulane.edu)
  • I therefore deduce that microtubules are actively involved in the process of axon formation and that local microtubule stabilization in one neuronal process is a physiological signal specifying neuronal polarization. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • However, whether the timing of maturation of newborn DGCs can be regulated by changes that occur within a physiological range of neuronal activity remains unknown. (jneurosci.org)
  • Electrical signaling in cochlear efferents is driven by an intrinsic neuronal oscillator. (ohsu.edu)
  • To establish a possible causal relation between microtubule dynamics and axon formation I assessed the effects of specific pharmacological alterations of microtubule dynamics on neuronal polarization. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • During neuronal development, the formation of the axon is the initial step in breaking cellular symmetry and the establishment of neuronal polarity. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • In my studies, I addressed the role of microtubule dynamics in initial neuronal polarization. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • To this end I aimed to investigate the following issues: 1) How do microtubule dynamics and stability change during initial neuronal development? (uni-muenchen.de)
  • This polarized distribution of microtubule stability was confirmed by testing the resistance of neuronal microtubules to pharmacologically induced depolymerization. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • By manipulating specific regulators of neuronal polarity, SAD kinases and GSK-3beta, I analyzed a possible relation between a polarization of microtubule stability and neuronal polarity. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • In summary, my data allow the following conclusions: 1) Microtubule stability correlates with the identity of a neuronal process. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • To reconcile robust computations with variable neuronal activity, we here propose a conceptual change of perspective by employing variability of activity as the basis for stimulus-related information to be learned by neurons, rather than merely being the noise that corrupts the mean signal. (plos.org)
  • Another byproduct of oxidative stress that has been understudied in neuroscience, however, is oxidative DNA damage and the role of that damage in affecting neuronal function. (scientificarchives.com)
  • Some investigators have shown in experiments and in models that neuronal noise is a possible mechanism to facilitate neuronal processing. (wikipedia.org)
  • Through this study, we will clarify the role and mechanism of Sp1 and sigma receptor in the brain injury animal models, the expected results will benefit the therapeutic study of brain injury in the future. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • He studies the role of infra-slow sigma power oscillations in sensory processing during sleep, using acoustic stimulations. (unil.ch)
  • Here, we describe a novel mechanistic role for HIRA (histone cell cycle regulator) and proteasomal degradation-associated histone dynamics in the regulation of activity-dependent transcription, synaptic connectivity, and behavior. (mssm.edu)
  • The homolog fission yeast provides a crucial role in cell growth when experiencing extreme Ca2+ conditions. (prospecbio.com)
  • The protein also plays a role in the formation of the protective sheath (myelin) that surrounds certain neurons and the formation of junctions between nerve cells (synapses), where cell-to-cell communication occurs. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The L1CAM gene mutations that cause this condition lead to an L1 protein that cannot facilitate cell-cell adhesion or participate in various neuronal functions. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Transport to the nucleus may involve specific protein-to-protein interactions that occur in certain cell types only, possibly explaining the selective neuronal vulnerability present in patients with HD. (medscape.com)
  • A Central Role for Neuronal AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) and Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) in High-Protein Diet-Induced Weight Loss. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • In contrast, IFNAR1-deficiency, independent of sex, limits damage to neuronal dendrites, microgliosis, and activation of p38 MAPK and restores ERK activity in the HIVgp120tg brain. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Despite such accumulation, H3.3-containing nucleosomes remain highly dynamic-in a modification-independent manner-to control neuronal- and glial-specific gene expression patterns throughout life. (mssm.edu)
  • Classical models of neuronal networks therefore map a set of input signals to a set of activity levels in the output of the network. (plos.org)
  • It is unclear whether these cells also play a neuroprotective role. (northwestern.edu)
  • In affected patients, neuronal degeneration initiates in the striatum and progresses to the cerebral cortex, following a pattern that correlates to clinical progression of HD. (medscape.com)
  • 1990. A review on biochemical roles, toxicity and interactions of zinc, copper and iron: IV. (cdc.gov)
  • Electroencephalographic recordings from the developing human brain are characterized by spontaneous neuronal bursts, the most common of which is the delta brush. (elifesciences.org)
  • Voluntary exercise enhanced network activity only in the temporal region and, in turn, accelerated neuronal development. (jneurosci.org)
  • Those previous works involving a pathological condition or a specific alteration in GABA signaling showed that neuronal development is sensitive to altered activity. (jneurosci.org)
  • However, the regulatory role of human let-7c (hsa-let-7c) in human neuronal development has yet to be examined. (nih.gov)
  • It is an EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX serine protease that plays an important role in the development of the central nervous system. (bvsalud.org)
  • In this work , by performing a long-term study of hiPSCs-derived neuronal networks obtained from healthy human subjects , we demonstrated the feasibility of a robustin vitromodel which can be further exploited for investigating pathological conditions where the E/I balance is impaired. (bvsalud.org)
  • We used the immediate early gene product, Fos, as a marker for neuronal activity to pinpoint the earliest brain regions involved in the initiation and maintenance of soman-induced convulsions. (umaryland.edu)
  • As a result, IFNs play a major role as the first line of host defense against HIV in the brain [ 23 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The RAS (renin-angiotensin system) is the part of the endocrine system that plays a prime role in the control of essential hypertension. (hindawi.com)
  • However, understanding exactly how such molecular and cellular actions of ACh translate into modulation of the network activity of neuronal ensembles in vivo has been challenging, in part due to the vast complexity of native circuits. (springer.com)
  • Gilson M, Dahmen D, Moreno-Bote R, Insabato A, Helias M (2020) The covariance perceptron: A new paradigm for classification and processing of time series in recurrent neuronal networks. (plos.org)
  • Role of flaxseed in the relationship between gut microorganisms and mammary gland microRNAs has been uncovered by a new study. (medindia.net)
  • Since HIV-1 activates the type I interferon system, which signals via interferon-α receptor (IFNAR) 1 and 2, this study investigated the potential role of IFNAR1 in HIV-induced neurotoxicity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This group was retested to confirm important role in the pathophysiology of their blood lipid status before participating several vascular diseases, including athero- in the study. (who.int)