• Ca2+ is an essential requirement in membrane fusion, acting through binding proteins such as calmodulin (CaM). (umassmed.edu)
  • This gene encodes one of three calmodulin proteins which are members of the EF-hand calcium-binding protein family. (nih.gov)
  • Igarashi, M & Watanabe, M 2007, ' Roles of calmodulin and calmodulin-binding proteins in synaptic vesicle recycling during regulated exocytosis at submicromolar Ca 2+ concentrations ', Neuroscience Research , vol. 58, no. 3, pp. 226-233. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Afterwards, calmodulin and protein kinase C were discovered as modulator proteins of intracellular calcium signaling in hormonal action. (novapublishers.com)
  • The second major area of investigation is to understand the role of cytoskeleton proteins, desmin and vimentin in smooth muscle contraction and mitochondrial respiration. (jefferson.edu)
  • The heterochromatin-enriched HP1 proteins play a critical role in regulation of transcription. (cipsm.de)
  • Plastid-specific ribosomal proteins (PSRPs) have been proposed to play roles in the light-dependent regulation of chloroplast translation. (cipsm.de)
  • To date, three major classes of Ca 2+ -binding proteins, including calcium dependent protein kinases (CDPK), calmodulins (CaM) and CaM-like proteins (CaML) and calcineurin B-like proteins (CBL), have been characterized in higher plants [ 6 , 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Proteins isolated from Leghorn-hen and male Sprague-Dawley-rat differed in molecular weight and calcium-2+ (Ca2+) and calmodulin phosphorylation dependency. (cdc.gov)
  • Increased phosphorylation of brain, but not spinal cord, axolemmal proteins in the presence of added Ca2+ and calmodulin was observed in TOCP treated hens. (cdc.gov)
  • Calmodulin variant E140G associated with long QT syndrome impairs CaMKIIδ autophosphorylation and L-type calcium channel inactivation. (nih.gov)
  • In this study, we found that activation of D 4 receptors in PFC exerts a complex regulation of Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), a multifunctional enzyme critically involved in synaptic plasticity that is fundamental for cognitive and emotional processes. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The CaMKII (calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II) pathway regulates key cellular processes and functions throughout the body, including retinal ganglion cells in the eye. (newswise.com)
  • Yet the precise role of CaMKII in retinal ganglion cell health is not well understood. (newswise.com)
  • B ) Cartoon representation of activation of CaMKII by calcium:calmodulin (top) and proposed mechanism for spread of kinase activity (bottom). (elifesciences.org)
  • Central to these events is a molecule called Calcium-Calmodulin dependent Kinase II (CaMKII). (nlmfoundation.org)
  • Given the abundance of CaMKII in the brain it has been proposed that CaMKII plays a key role in storage of information. (nlmfoundation.org)
  • While scientists have known for a while that CaMKII plays a critical role in normal cardiac function, ours is the first study to identify O-GlcNAc as a direct activator of CaMKII with hyperglycemia. (dentistrytoday.com)
  • Through a series of experiments, Bers, his team, and their collaborators at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine show that the moderate to high blood glucose levels characteristic of diabetes caused a sugar molecule (O-linked N-acetylglucosamine, or O-GlcNAc) in heart muscle cells to fuse to a specific site on a protein known as calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, or CaMKII. (dentistrytoday.com)
  • CaMKII has important roles in regulating normal calcium levels, electrical activity, and pumping action of the heart, according to Bers. (dentistrytoday.com)
  • CaMKII plays a critical role in long-term potentiation (LTP), a well-established model for learning and memory through the enhancement of synaptic transmission. (bvsalud.org)
  • However, whether either type of phosphorylation plays any role in the synaptic enhancing action of CaMKII remains hotly contested. (bvsalud.org)
  • Suggestion of a role for protein phosphorylation in the regulation of intestinal active NaCl transport was found by studying the effects of low concentrations of promethazine on Ca 2+ -calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein phosphorylation of ileal microvillus membranes and on active ileal electrolyte transport. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Cohen, ME, Sharp, GWG & Donowitz, M 1986, ' Suggestion of a role for calmodulin and phosphorylation in regulation of rabbit ileal electrolyte transport: Effects of promethazine ', American Journal of Physiology - Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology , vol. 251, no. 5, pp. 14/5. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Calcium regulation in chloroplasts and the role of calcium-dependent phosphorylation of transketolase in carbon metabolism. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • It also has multiple phosphorylation sites for different cell signaling kinases, a central coiled-coil region, a C-terminal GAP domain and CALMODULIN binding domain. (bvsalud.org)
  • Possible role of endogenous protein phosphorylation in organophosphorus compound-induced delayed neurotoxicity. (cdc.gov)
  • Calcium (Ca 2+ ) signaling plays an important role in the regulation of many cellular functions. (frontiersin.org)
  • however, the minimal differences between structures cannot adequately describe CaM's role in the regulation of these channels. (rcsb.org)
  • This gene encodes a calmodulin- and actin-binding protein that plays an essential role in the regulation of smooth muscle and nonmuscle contraction. (wikipedia.org)
  • Calcium/Calmodulin Regulation des Proteinimports in Chloroplasten. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Cyclic AMP was a major molecule of interest, which played an important role as second messenger, contributing to signal transduction in the regulation of cellular function by peptide hormones. (novapublishers.com)
  • DNA methylation and histone modifications play a central role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression and cell differentiation. (cipsm.de)
  • Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) genome has nine genetic loci encoding calmodulin protein isoforms. (auburn.edu)
  • Endocytic trafficking dynamically regulates neuronal plasma membrane protein presentation and activity, and plays a central role in excitability and plasticity. (umassmed.edu)
  • Like that of the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), the binding of Ca(2+)-bound calmodulin (CaM) also regulates the activity of the inducible isoform (iNOS). (nih.gov)
  • Calcium-induced activation of calmodulin regulates and modulates the function of cardiac ion channels. (nih.gov)
  • Autophagy also regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis, highlighting its role in maintaining cellular homeostasis [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Calcium released by the intracellular stores binds to calmodulin, and Ca-CaM complex activates MLC kinase that subsequently phosphorylates MLC. (jefferson.edu)
  • A protein called calmodulin, that binds calcium ions, has an important role in the first of these pathways. (elifesciences.org)
  • Calmodulin Mutations in Human Disease. (nih.gov)
  • Mutations in the CASK gene affect the role of the CASK protein in brain development and function, resulting in the signs and symptoms of CASK -related intellectual disability. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) play a role in signal transduction by regulating intracellular cyclic nucleotide concentrations through hydrolysis of cAMP and/or cGMP to their respective nucleoside 5-prime monophosphates. (thermofisher.com)
  • Here, we resolved Ca 2+ -dependent and Ca 2+ -independent synaptic vesicle (SV) replenishment pathways, and found that syt 7 plays a selective and critical role in the Ca 2+ -dependent pathway. (elifesciences.org)
  • found that synaptotagmin 7 and calmodulin bind to each other to form a complex, which suggests that the calcium-dependent replenishment pathway is regulated by this complex. (elifesciences.org)
  • In human breast epithelial cells Wnt-5a activates the canonical b-catenin pathway as well as the non-canonical Ca2+/calmodulin and planar cell polarity (PCP) pathways. (lu.se)
  • The latter involves Src, the RhoGTPase Cdc42 and JNK and was shown to counteract the NFAT activation induced by the Ca2+/calmodulin pathway. (lu.se)
  • The conserved domain of this protein possesses the binding activities to Ca 2 + {\displaystyle {\text{Ca}}^{2+}} -calmodulin, actin, tropomyosin, myosin, and phospholipids. (wikipedia.org)
  • This inhibition is attenuated by calcium-calmodulin and is potentiated by tropomyosin. (hmdb.ca)
  • Interacts with actin, myosin, two molecules of tropomyosin and with calmodulin. (hmdb.ca)
  • These conclusions were, however, apparently contradicted by elegant experiments done on internally-perfused snail neurons, in which neither the injection of calmodulin, nor of the calmodulin-antagonist, trifluoperazine, were able to modify Ca-activated K currents ( Levitan and Levitan, 1986 ). (conicyt.cl)
  • We investigated the effects of calmodulin(CaM) antagonists, trifluoperazine(TFP) and tamoxifen(TMX), on TRA-8-induced apoptosis and tumorigenesis of TRA-8-resistant pancreatic cancer cells, and underlying mechanisms. (oncotarget.com)
  • Calcium-regulated processes in plant organelles: role of calmodulin in mitochondrial protein translocation. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) located at the mitochondrial outer membrane play a crucial role in regulating the metabolic and energetic functions of mitochondria and are primarily responsible for the ATP/ADP flux across the outer mitochondrial membrane. (jefferson.edu)
  • Calmodulin (CaM)-mediated Ca2+-induced inactivation is an ion channel regulatory mechanism that protects cells against the toxic effects of Ca2+ overload. (columbia.edu)
  • This gene provides instructions for making a protein called calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine protein kinase (CASK). (medlineplus.gov)
  • The same Glu (E) to Gln (Q) mutant series of CaM used previously [Stevens-Truss, R., Beckingham, K., and Marletta, M. A. (1997) Biochemistry 36, 12337-12345] to study the role of the Ca(2+)-binding sites in the activity of nNOS was used for these studies. (nih.gov)
  • Yeast-form-specific genes identified in Histoplasma capsulatum function in calcium/calmodulin signaling pathways and sulphur metabolism. (cdc.gov)
  • Our findings thus suggest that exposure to GWI-related agents may converge on similar targets with roles in inflammation, neurotransmitter and lipid metabolism, and detoxification which may have impacts on neurodegenerative-like disease and oxidative stress in Veterans with GWI. (cdc.gov)
  • Using pharmacological inhibition of various Ca 2+ -sensitive kinases, it was found that at least part of the autophagy that occurred during SOCE was due to activation of Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase-β (CaMKK-β, also known as CaMKK-2). (open.ac.uk)
  • 1983. Correlation of metal toxicity with in vitro calmodulin inhibition. (cdc.gov)
  • In addition to an essential role in regulating cell growth and differentiation, Ras signaling has more recently been linked to a wide range of neuronal functions including synaptic and behavioral plasticity (for review see Thomas and Huganir, 2004 ). (rupress.org)
  • have shown that another protein, synaptotagmin 7, also has a key role in the replenishment of synaptic vesicles, possibly as a sensor for calcium ions. (elifesciences.org)
  • For example, the replenishment of synaptic vesicles (SV) in the readily releasable pool (RRP), which can be exhausted during high frequency stimulation (HFS), plays a critical role in determining the rate and degree of short-term synaptic depression ( Wang and Kaczmarek, 1998 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • Members of the PDE1 family, such as PDE1A, are Ca(2+)/calmodulin (see CALM1)that are activated by calmodulin in the presence of Ca(2+) (Michibata et al. (thermofisher.com)
  • CHIN, E. R. Role of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinases in skeletal muscle plasticity. (unicamp.br)
  • Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) have been shown to play important roles in various physiological processes, including plant growth and development, abiotic and biotic stress responses and plant hormone signaling in plants. (biomedcentral.com)
  • On the other hand, these recent studies apparently also support the lack of involvement of calmodulin in the gating of the BK channels studied in Helix neurons by Levitan and Levitan (1986) . (conicyt.cl)
  • To address these issues, we revisited the role of IL in fear extinction using an optogenetic approach to activate (channelrhodopsin) or silence (halorhodopsin) IL neurons during the tones of extinction training or extinction retrieval. (jneurosci.org)
  • These results may be useful to understand the biological role of Ca 2+ in physiological processes. (frontiersin.org)
  • Calcium (Ca2+) plays a major role in numerous physiological processes. (columbia.edu)
  • The dopamine D 4 receptor in prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays a key role in normal mental functions and neuropsychiatric disorders. (aspetjournals.org)
  • After subsequent studies, regucalcin has been established to play a pivotal role in maintaining cell homeostasis and protecting it from disorders in various types of cells and tissues. (novapublishers.com)
  • Very recently, the sequencing of the genes that code for SK, IK and BK channels has allowed a definition of the mechanisms of channel gating and of the participation of calmodulin in it. (conicyt.cl)
  • This book will provide information regarding regucalcin that plays a pivotal role in cell homeostasis and disorder. (novapublishers.com)
  • Dysregulation of apoptosis of tumor cells plays an important role in the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer and their resistance to therapies [ 5 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • Time-resolved DEER EPR and solid-state NMR afford kinetic and structural elucidation of substrate binding to Ca(2+)-ligated calmodulin. (nih.gov)
  • However, their calcium-binding domain is restricted by calmodulin from metazoans. (mdpi.com)
  • In this study, we developed red GECI, called FRCaMP, using calmodulin (CaM) from Schizosaccharomyces pombe fungus as a calcium binding domain. (mdpi.com)
  • Although calmodulin (CaM) is the most abundant Ca 2+ -binding protein and has a submicromolar affinity for Ca 2+ , it is not the Ca 2+ sensor for vesicular fusion because this process requires Ca 2+ concentrations above 1 μM. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Macrophages play a significant role in many processes, such as the human immune function, parasite infection, and tissue remodeling by secreting cytokines and producing reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates. (frontiersin.org)
  • Ca 2+ -binding protein calmodulin (CaM) serves as a primary effector of calcium function. (frontiersin.org)
  • The small and highly expressed Ca 2+ -binding protein calmodulin (CaM) acts as a primary effector of calcium function ( Soderling and Stull, 2001 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • A clear understanding of the function of macrophages, as well as their role in pathogens and inflammatory response, will delineate the next steps in the treatment of intestinal inflammatory diseases. (frontiersin.org)
  • cDNA encoding calmodulin, a calcium sensor protein, (rEgCaM) may play an essential role in the biologic function of E granulosus as a calcium binding protein. (medscape.com)
  • The human brain is made up of many cells, each carrying out its function while maintaining its role in the larger context of groups of cells, thereby working side by side to perform specialized tasks that we attribute to behavior. (nlmfoundation.org)
  • It can also function as GTPASE-ACTIVATING PROTEIN (GAP) for RHEB GTPASE to activate mTORC1 independent of its role in the complex. (bvsalud.org)
  • Increment of calmodulin in proportion to enhancement of non-nicotinic responses after preganglionic stimulation of the dog cardiac sympathetic ganglia. (aspetjournals.org)
  • This requirement is likely to underlie at least in part the essential role of Ca2+/CaM in endosome fusion. (umassmed.edu)
  • Identifizierung und Charakterisierung von AFG1L1 einer dual-lokalisierten, Calmodulin-bindenden AAA+-ATPase aus A. thaliana. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Later experiments, in which six different calmodulin-inhibitory drugs were tested on the Ca-activated K conductance of human RBCs, showed that all were potent inhibitors of this conductance and that their effect showed a correlation coefficient of 0.98 with that found on RBC Ca-ATPase, a membrane enzyme known to be activated by calmodulin ( Lackington and Orrego, 1981 ). (conicyt.cl)
  • Recently, Np95 (also known as UHRF1 or ICBP90) has been found to interact with Dnmt1 and to bind hemimethylated DNA, indicating together with genetic studies a central role in the maintenance of DNA methylation. (cipsm.de)
  • Subtype Differences in the Interaction of HIV-1 Matrix with Calmodulin: Implications for Biological Functions. (nih.gov)
  • Voltage-dependent calcium channels (Ca(V)) open in response to changes in membrane potential, but their activity is modulated by Ca(2+) binding to calmodulin (CaM). (rcsb.org)
  • Calmodulin Interactions with Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels. (nih.gov)
  • Figure 1: General mechanisms of AF and role of ion channels for AF stabilization. (nature.com)
  • At the time, this seemed to tip the balance against a participation of calmodulin in these channels. (conicyt.cl)
  • The CD controls the catalytic activity of DAPK1, the ARD plays an important role in the recognition of CaM, and the remaining domains are involved in localization. (frontiersin.org)
  • The large number of macrophages in the intestinal tract, play a significant role in maintaining the homeostasis of microorganisms on the surface of the intestinal mucosa and in the continuous renewal of intestinal epithelial cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Macrophages are phagocytes found in tissues and maintain tissue homeostasis, regulate inflammation, and play a significant role in host protection. (frontiersin.org)
  • Non-canonical, β-catenin-independent Wnt signaling is proposed to have a multifunctional role in tumorigenesis, being either tumor supportive or suppressive depending on tumorstage and tumortype 9 . (nature.com)
  • To examine the role of protein kinase C as a chronic regulator of proximal tubule Na/H antiporter activity, the effect of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) on the Na/H antiporter was studied in cultured proximal tubule cells. (jci.org)
  • In a recent study published in the journal Brain Sciences , scientists examine the role of β-carotene in maintaining cognitive performance and mental health, either alone or in combination with other dietary components. (news-medical.net)
  • Forster resonance energy transfer studies of calmodulin produced by na" by Erik Hellstrand, Stephanie Kukora '04 et al. (haverford.edu)
  • We provide evidence that KRas translocation occurs through sequestration of the polybasic-prenyl motif by Ca 2+ /calmodulin (Ca 2+ /CaM) and subsequent release of KRas from the PM, in a process reminiscent of GDP dissociation inhibitor-mediated membrane recycling of Rab and Rho GTPases. (rupress.org)
  • The former maintains intestinal health, while the latter plays an important role in the occurrence of inflammatory reactions. (frontiersin.org)
  • In addition, the effects of macrophages in the occurrence and development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and their role in inducing fibrosis, activating T cells, reducing colitis, and treating intestinal inflammation were also reviewed in this paper. (frontiersin.org)
  • Both calcium- and Ca2+ sensitization- mediated contraction plays role in G-protein signaling during smooth-muscle contraction. (jefferson.edu)
  • The long-term goals of this project are to elucidate the role of GPCR mediated signaling in smooth muscle contraction and proliferation under pathophysiological conditions. (jefferson.edu)
  • Mitochondria and smooth muscle contraction: Role of desmin cytoskeleton protein. (jefferson.edu)
  • However, the role of each of the four Ca(2+)-binding sites of CaM in the activity of iNOS is unclear. (nih.gov)
  • These cells play a key role in early resistance to intestinal pathogens. (frontiersin.org)