Role 5 untranslated regions. Medical search. Frequent questions

According to the current model, scanning ribosomes translate the 5′-most uORF (uORF1) and, under non-starvation conditions, reinitiate translation at downstream uORFs 2, 3, or 4 and subsequently dissociate from the mRNA, keeping GCN4 translation repressed. (nih.gov)
We have also investigated the roles of various eIFs, tRNAi and the 40S subunit in scanning the mRNA 5′ untranslated region and in accurately identifying the AUG initiation codon. (nih.gov)
They found that one round of amplification produced approximately 10 3 fold of the estimated amount of starting mRNA, and two rounds produced an approximately 10 5 fold increase. (genomicglossaries.com)
The 5' untranslated region plays a key role in regulating mRNA translation and consequently protein abundance. (bvsalud.org)
The current view of an mRNA is that of a central coding sequence (CDS) flanked by 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs). (imim.es)
CGG repeats, when expanded in the 5′ untranslated region of fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) mRNA, cause fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome. (immuquest.com)
First, we completed our studies on the roles of the domains of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF3 in promoting recruitment of mRNA and initiator tRNA to the ribosomal pre-translation initiation complex (PIC). (nih.gov)
Our data indicated that the mRNA entry channel arm of eIF3 as well as its b subunit play important roles in stabilizing binding of the initiator tRNA-containing eIF2 ternary complex to the PIC and in accelerating mRNA binding. (nih.gov)
The N-terminal domain of the a subunit of eIF3 plays an important role in stabilizing mRNA binding in the exit channel (Reference 1). (nih.gov)
In our studies of the role of the RNA-activated ATPase eIF4A in promoting mRNA recruitment to the PIC, we showed that the PIC itself activates the ATPase function of the factor over and above the stimulation provided by RNA. (nih.gov)
In addition, structures in the 5′-untranslated region (UTR) and body of the mRNA contribute in a non-additive manner to inhibiting recruitment of mRNAs to the PIC and in imposing a requirement for eIF4A. (nih.gov)
These data are in contrast to prevailing models for mRNA recruitment, which suggest that eIF4A's sole role is to unwind secondary structures in the 5′-UTRs of mRNAs. (nih.gov)
These molecules form perfect hybrids with edited mRNA sequences and possess nucleotide sequences at their 5'-ends that are complementary to the sequences of the mRNA's immediately downstream of the pre-edited regions. (bvsalud.org)

Genome sequences of DENV-2 and DENV-4 isolated from sylvatic settings (i.e., from nonhuman primates) occupied basal positions on phylogenetic trees of those serotypes, which suggested that each DENV serotype evolved separately in sylvatic settings before later, independent, cross-species transmission to humans in urban and semiurban settings ( 5 , 6 ). (cdc.gov)
Although HIV-1 based gene transfer vectors lack most of the viral coding sequences, it retains a small portion of the gag sequence, and also contains a 5′ splice donor site upstream of gag and frequently a 3′ splice acceptor site further downstream. (peerj.com)
Here, we describe a systematic genome-wide study of variants that create and disrupt human uORFs, and explore their role in human disease using 15,708 whole genome sequences collected by the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD) project. (johnshopkins.edu)
Called FARS-seq for short, it investigates the sequences and structures in HIV-1 that play an important role in dimerisation and genome packaging. (europa.eu)
Aided by FARS-seq, the team comprehensively identified sequences and structures within the 5′ untranslated region of HIV-1 messenger RNA that regulate the equilibrium between the two conformations. (europa.eu)
The possible hypoxia response element (HRE) sequences in 5' non-coding Region before ATG start codon of Sema4D were screened, followed by point mutagenesis and luciferase assay analysis. (jcancer.org)
Inference from large, rearranged immunoglobulin transcriptome data sets offers an opportunity to define the upstream regions (5'-untranslated regions and leader sequences). (lu.se)
Finally, based on the outcomes of the analysis, we define a set of testable hypotheses with respect to the placement of particular alleles in complex IGHV locus haplotypes, and discuss the evolutionary relatedness of particular heavy chain variable genes based on sequences of their upstream regions. (lu.se)

The researchers found many upstream open reading frames (uORFs) in the 5' untranslated region of circadian mRNAs, which is the part of RNA before the so-called "coding sequence" that gets translated by ribosomes into protein. (eurekalert.org)

Recent analyses of the mammalian transcriptome suggest that most of the genes express multiple alternative 5′-UTRs and inappropriate expression of these regions has been shown to contribute to the development of carcinogenesis. (silverchair.com)
a regulatory region that controls epigenetic imprinting and affects the expression of target genes in an allele- or parent-of-origin-specific manner. (insdc.org)
It was also demonstrated that USF1 directly binds to the promoter region of 2,492 genes, which may be involved in the viral progression and cell proliferation pathways. (spandidos-publications.com)
Promoter region motif analysis indicated that ETV5 has more binding motifs and genes than USF1 itself for USF1‑regulated DEGs, indicating that USF1 may indirectly modulate gene expression by regulating ETV5 expression in Huh7 cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
In summary, the results demonstrated that USF1 binds to the promoter region of thousands of genes and affects a large part of DEGs indirectly. (spandidos-publications.com)
As a TF, USF1 has a bidirectional regulatory function, being able to regulate gene expression by activating or suppressing the promoter region of target genes ( 5 , 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Polymorphisms in interferon-induced genes and the outcome of hepatitis C virus infection: roles of MxA, OAS-1 and PKR. (ox.ac.uk)
Interferon stimulates the expression of a number of genes encoding enzymes with antiviral activities, including myxovirus resistance-1 (MxA), 2-5-oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (OAS-1) and double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR). (ox.ac.uk)
We have now established a new data pre-processing procedure to eliminate artifacts caused by a 5'-RACE library generation process, reanalyzed a previously studied data set defining human immunoglobulin heavy chain genes, and identified novel upstream regions, as well as previously identified upstream regions that may have been identified in error. (lu.se)
The HOX family of genes plays a major role in embryogenesis and cell differentiation, including differentiation of hematopoietic cell lines. (medscape.com)
Some class I MHC genes encode nonclassical MHC molecules, such as HLA-G (which may play a role in protecting the fetus from the maternal immune response) and HLA-E (which presents peptides to certain receptors on natural killer [NK] cells). (msdmanuals.com)
Both polypeptide chains are encoded by genes in the HLA-DP, -DQ, or -DR region of chromosome 6. (msdmanuals.com)

The consensus sequence of the viral genome was obtained by using 3′ and 5′ random amplification of cDNA ends ( 11 , 12 ) and reverse transcription PCR of ≈1-kb overlapping regions of the genome. (cdc.gov)
Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD) Production Team & Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD) Consortium 2019, ' Characterising the loss-of-function impact of 5' untranslated region variants in 15,708 individuals ', Unknown Journal . (johnshopkins.edu)
Methylation of cytosine (5 mC) residues in CpG dinucleotides across the genome is an epigenetic modification that plays a pivotal role in the establishment of cellular identity by influencing gene expression during development [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The genome analysis showed a newly observed mutation in the 5′ untranslated region of a lagovirus, whose role remains unknown. (biomedcentral.com)
By investigating two of these receptors during infection by dengue and Zika viruses, scientists from the Institut Pasteur discovered that a precise region of the viral genome was recognized by a receptor known as RIG-I. Their discovery paves the way for the future development of vaccines for these diseases. (pasteur.fr)

Regions around 10 kb upstream and 1 kb downstream of Klf9 transcription start site contain conserved antioxidant response elements (AREs), which are binding sites for Nrf2. (wikipedia.org)
The research, titled "Circadian ribosome profiling reveals a role for the Period2 upstream open reading frame in sleep," to be published in PNAS , redefines our understanding of how translation and post-transcriptional processes influence the body's internal clock and its impact on sleep patterns. (eurekalert.org)
Several novel upstream region variants were validated, for instance by their segregation to a single haplotype in heterozygotic subjects. (lu.se)

5' RNA helicase. (colorado.edu)
however, a substitution in the 5′ untranslated region and a change in the potential p23/2C-like helicase cleavage site were observed. (biomedcentral.com)

While the role of transcription in these rhythms is well-established, a new study sheds light on the critical importance of post-transcriptional processes. (eurekalert.org)
Post-transcriptional regulation, via 5′-UTRs (5′-untranslated regions), plays an important role in the control of eukaryotic gene expression. (silverchair.com)
a transcriptional cis regulatory region that when located between an enhancer and a gene's promoter prevents the enhancer from modulating the expression of the gene. (insdc.org)
Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that the binding of USF1 to the Chitinase 3-Like 1 (Chi3L1) promoter region can enhance the transcriptional activity of Chi3L1. (spandidos-publications.com)
Primer extension and analysis of the 5 untranslated region of revealed the transcriptional start site, as well as a number of putative cold shock-responsive elements. (healthyconnectionsinc.com)

The Roles of the 5' and 3' Untranslated Regions in Human Astrovirus Replication. (unibe.ch)
Two of these protein receptors, RIG-I and MDA5, had previously been identified as playing a key role in the innate response against the replication of flaviviruses, a family of mosquito-borne viruses that includes dengue, yellow fever and Zika. (pasteur.fr)

It therefore follows that coding regions for proteins can function as both introns and exons. (peerj.com)
Sometimes additional numbers are added after a colon to identify allelic variants that encode identical proteins, and after another colon, other numbers are added to denote polymorphisms in introns or in 5' or 3' untranslated regions (eg, A*02:101:01:02, DRB1*03:01:01:02). (msdmanuals.com)

region on a DNA molecule involved in RNA polymerase binding to initiate transcription. (insdc.org)
Site(s) of transcription initiation and lengths of 5′- and 3′-untranslated regions were determined with 5′- and 3′-RACE. (elsevierpure.com)

17(5): e1008982, 2021 05. (bvsalud.org)

ii) identifying a higher-order assembly of initiation factors 1, 2, 3, and 5-the multifactor complex (MFC)-and elucidating its roles in PIC assembly and accurate start codon selection. (nih.gov)

These uORFs were associated with reduced ribosome binding in the main coding sequence and reduced reporter expression in a variety of circadian assays tested by the researchers suggesting a role for uORFs in shaping circadian protein expression. (eurekalert.org)
87(5): 1663-1667] Specifically, the investigators started by priming whole cerebellar RNA with a synthetic oligonucleotide containing a T7 RNA polymerase promoter sequence. (genomicglossaries.com)
Our study describes the sequence characteristics of 5' non-coding region of Sema4D, enhances our understanding of the regulatory mechanism of Sema4D and benefits the development of a possible anti-angiogenesis therapeutic strategy for malignancies. (jcancer.org)

We also showed that CREB binds to IGF-IR promoter region and identified the relevant CREB-binding site at the 5'-untranslated region fragment of IGF-IR promoter. (unical.it)

Despite the central role of sylvatic viruses in our understanding of evolution and emergence of human dengue ( 6 ), to our knowledge, there are no reports of continuous transmission of sylvatic strains of DENV in a truly sylvatic setting. (cdc.gov)
Using an RLR-purification technique in conjunction with high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis, "we demonstrated that a precise region of the genomes of the dengue and Zika viruses (known as the 5' untranslated region) was recognized by RIG-I," explains Nolwenn Jouvenet, a scientist in the Viral Genomics and Vaccination Unit at the Institut Pasteur and last author of the paper. (pasteur.fr)

Samples collected from 232 infected calves were phylogenetically classified based on the 5' untranslated region (5'UTR). (vetline.de)
Proben von 232 infizierten Kälbern aus den Bundesländern Tirol und Vorarlberg wurden einer phylogenetischen Analyse basierend auf der 5' nicht-translatierten Region (5'UTR) unterzogen. (vetline.de)
Further associations were found with a CGG trinucleotide repeat in the 5'UTR region of the PKR gene. (ox.ac.uk)

Our results also suggest that alternative 5′-UTRs can influence downstream splicing events, thereby perhaps affecting ERβ function. (silverchair.com)

[ 9 ] They discovered one low frequency single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the noncoding 5' untranslated (UTR) region of the gene RBM8A in 4 of the cases and another low frequency noncoding SNP in the first intron of the same gene. (medscape.com)

Although isolated case reports have shown that variants that create or disrupt uORFs can cause disease, genetic sequencing approaches typically focus on protein-coding regions and ignore these variants. (johnshopkins.edu)

A. RNA ligation is used to link the 5' and 3' termini, which circularizes the genomic RNAs, then we use RT-PCR to amplify the region across the junction that contains the UTR. (jcvi.org)
The CpG sites that constituted these two signatures differed in their functional genomic enrichment to regions with marks of active or repressed chromatin. (biomedcentral.com)

We have also shown that these alternative ERβ 5′-UTRs have a tissue-specific distribution and are differentially expressed between various normal and tumour tissues. (silverchair.com)
Associated regulatory elements may include differentially methylated regions and non-coding RNAs. (insdc.org)

The incidence of BC varies greatly with geographic region, but the death rates are less variable. (spandidos-publications.com)

Beyond the "desirable" morphological traits, undesirable "disease" syndromes may be associated with these genetic loci due to either multiple phenotypic sequelae of specific variants, or associated genetic variants carried within long regions of linkage disequilibrium. (frontiersin.org)
Although additional missense variants were described, their pathogenic role yet remains inconclusive. (uni.lu)

The movement of infected animals and the role of trade in alpine areas are a possible source for spreading the infection, thus hampering the progress of eradication. (vetline.de)

in the United States and Australia the 5-year survival rate is estimated to be 90%, whereas in South Africa it is 40% ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

For other ADAMTS proteases, substrates were discovered in vitro, but the role of these proteases and the consequences of substrate cleavage in vivo remains to be established. (encyclopedia.pub)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) serve a role in gene expression, primarily by interacting with messenger RNAs, and may be potential biomarkers for detecting cancer. (spandidos-publications.com)

Albers and colleagues applied high-throughput sequencing in 5 unrelated patients with TAR syndrome and the chromosome 1q21.1 deletion. (medscape.com)
[ 5 ] Subsequently, an interstitial microdeletion of chromosome 1q was identified in 30 patients with TAR syndrome. (medscape.com)

We analyzed the developmental expression and subcellular distribution of synapsin III in cultured mouse hippocampal neurons and its role in neurite elongation and synapse formation. (jneurosci.org)
In particular, results from our laboratory suggest that the expression of alternative 5′-UTRs plays a key role in determining the level of ERβ protein expression. (silverchair.com)
The aim of this study was to test for the molecular and functional expression of the non-gastric H + /K + ATPase ATP12A/ATP1AL1 in unstimulated and butyrate-stimulated (1 and 10 mM) human myelomonocytic HL-60 cells, to unravel its potential role as putative apoptosis-counteracting ion transporter as well as to test for the effect of the H + /K + ATPase inhibitor SCH28080 in apoptosis. (karger.com)
a DNA region that includes DNase hypersensitive sites located 5′ to a gene or gene cluster, and which confers high-level, position-independent, and copy number-dependent expression on that gene or gene cluster. (insdc.org)
Third, we identified subtype-specific differential methylation in promoter and enhancer regions that were strongly correlated with gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
Its activity and expression patterns have been previously revealed but its role in plants remains unknown. (hokudai.ac.jp)
In the present study, we document the expression of an additional ORF, MELOE-3, located in the 5′ region of meloe . (oncotarget.com)
In addition, these two binding sites play different roles in the regulation of Sema4D expression in HUVEC and Caco-2 cells. (jcancer.org)

Several studies have suggested distinct roles for synapsin I and synapsin II during neuronal development. (jneurosci.org)
We identified the eIF2α phosphatases in yeast and made key contributions to elucidating the mechanism whereby phosphorylated eIF2 inhibits its GDP-GTP exchange factor, eIF2B, defining the catalytic and regulatory subcomplexes of eIF2B and their distinct roles in binding phosphorylated or nonphosphorylated eIF2. (nih.gov)

The aim of the present work therefore was to explore the physiological role of AVP2;1 in Arabidopsis thaliana. (hokudai.ac.jp)
In this review, we will focus on how the signal transduction pathways, which play key roles in diverse physiological and pathological conditions, coordinate cellular processes through m 6 A. Given that m 6 A also controls signaling pathways through RNA modification or acting as a ligand, understanding the crosstalk between signal transduction networks and m 6 A RNA processing will provide us insights into the complex biological systems. (molcells.org)

RÉSUMÉ Une analyse documentaire des informations publiques disponibles a été entreprise afin de passer en revue les connaissances et les lacunes actuelles sur le coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient (MERS-CoV), notamment sur son origine, la transmission, les mesures de lutte efficaces et la prise en charge. (who.int)

AQP2 and AQP3 levels were progressively reduced to 5% of levels in control rats after 25 days of lithium treatment (129, 149). (artscolumbia.org)
p.Asp620Asn was detected in 5 familial and 2 sporadic PD cases and not in healthy controls, p.Leu774Met in 6 cases and 1 control, p.Gly51Ser in 3 cases and 2 controls. (uni.lu)

Sequencing and alignment of this region in 11 cancer cell lines and 4 normal cell lines were also performed, followed by cloning, mutation and luciferase assay analysis. (jcancer.org)

These results suggest that alternative 5′-UTRs may have an overall influence on ER activity and this may have important implications for our understanding of cancer biology and treatment. (silverchair.com)
Our results suggest an important biological role for DNA methylation in the differences between ALL subtypes and in their clinical outcome after treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
Histamine plays an important role in allergic responses and gastrointestinal acid secretion and is also a neurotransmitter. (elsevierpure.com)

CONCLUSIONS: Our study apart from identifying the p.Asp620Asn variant in familial cases also identified it in idiopathic Parkinson disease cases, and thus provides genetic evidence for a role of p.Asp620Asn in Parkinson disease in different populations worldwide. (uni.lu)

Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry (2014) 34 (5): 1507-1526. (karger.com)

Despite their role in public health, the origin of the 4 serotypes of dengue virus (DENV-1-DENV-4) that are the causative agents of what now is defined as dengue remains unclear. (cdc.gov)
unknown although bats and camels and better shape the global public health have been implicated ( 5 ). (who.int)

Secreted a disintegrin-like and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type 1 motif (ADAMTS) proteases play crucial roles in tissue development and homeostasis. (encyclopedia.pub)

The heavy chain consists of 2 peptide-binding domains, an immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain, and a transmembrane region with a cytoplasmic tail. (msdmanuals.com)
each chain has a peptide-binding domain, an Ig-like domain, and a transmembrane region with a cytoplasmic tail. (msdmanuals.com)

Although HSPA5 has been implicated in the stress response to environmental injury in several cell types, its role in the glomerular ER stress response is unknown. (bioone.org)

and play a role in synapse formation. (jneurosci.org)
Abstract Insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) overexpression may play a role in prostate cancer progression. (unical.it)
Semaphorin 4D (Sema4D) has been proven to be one of the hypoxia effectors regulated by hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1) in multiple cells, and play a role in angiogenesis like VEGF. (jcancer.org)

DNase_I_hypersensitive_site (SO:0000685): DNA region representing open chromatin structure that is hypersensitive to digestion by DNase I. (insdc.org)

Extreme differences in limb length define many of the dog breeds around the world, and the association between specific "short-legged" breeds and premature intervertebral disc degeneration has been documented since the early twentieth century [referenced in ( 4 , 5 )] Skeletal dysplasia is a general term describing abnormalities of growth and development of cartilage and/or bone and associated alterations in stature ( 6 , 7 ). (frontiersin.org)

A novel human coronavirus (SARS-associated coronavirus [SARS-CoV]) has been isolated from the oropharyngeal specimens of patients with SARS ( 4 , 5 ). (cdc.gov)

RIG-I Recognizes the 5' Region of Dengue and Zika Virus Genomes, Cell Reports , July 10, 2018. (pasteur.fr)
Solute carrier family 16 member 1 (also called MCT1) - SLC16A1 - transports lactate acid and protons across the cell membrane [ 5 , 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

BACKGROUND: Schools play a vital role in student health, and a collaborative approach may affect health factors such as physical activity (PA) and nutrition. (cdc.gov)

Small kinetoplastid mitochondrial RNA that plays a major role in RNA EDITING. (bvsalud.org)

Anatomy21

Organisms38

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs83

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment20

Phenomena and Processes99

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science4

MRNA13

Sequences8

MRNAs1

Genes12

Genome5

Upstream3

Helicase2

Transcriptional5

Replication2

Introns2

Transcription2

20211

Initiation1

Sequence3

Promoter region1

Viruses2

5'UTR3

Downstream1

Nucleotide1

UORFs1

Genomic2

Differentially2

Incidence1

Variants2

Infection1

Survival1

Vitro1

MicroRNAs1

Chromosome2

Expression8

Distinct roles2

Physiological2

Syndrome1

Control2

Analysis1

Important3

Genetic1

Cellular1

Public health2

Motif1

Cytoplasmic2

Response1

Play a role3

Site1

Differences1

Patients1

Cell2

Activity1

Plays a major role1