MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression inside the cell. (frontiersin.org)
This review focuses on the mechanisms by which vesicle-free miRNAs are secreted from neuroendocrine cells and will discuss potential functions of vesicle-free miRNAs and how vesicle-free miRNAs regulate cell-to-cell communication. (frontiersin.org)
60% of human protein-coding genes, mostly by binding to the 3′- untranslated region (3′UTR) of the target mRNAs ( 5 ) and, therefore, miRNAs affect gene expression networks of a variety of biological processes including development, apoptosis, proliferation, and metabolism ( 1 , 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
RNA polymerase II mainly transcribes microRNA genes as primary miRNA transcripts (pri-miRNAs) that contain 5′cap and 3′poly(A) tails ( 28 ). (frontiersin.org)
Drosha, RNase III, and DGCR8, the RNA-binding protein, further process pri-miRNAs into stem-loop structured precursor miRNAs (pre-miRNAs) of ~70 nt ( 29 ). (frontiersin.org)
After pre-miRNAs are transported to the cytoplasm, RNase III Dicer and TRBP (transactivation-response RNA-binding protein) cleave them into double-stranded miRNA duplexes of ~22 nt ( 30 , 31 ). (frontiersin.org)
In recent years, emerging studies have highlighted the critical role of these pathways and their regulation by microRNAs (miRNAs) in cancer invasion and metastasis. (intechopen.com)
MiRNAs, short (18-24 nucleotides) non-coding RNAs, are derived from long transcripts pri-miRNAs and pre-miRNAs [ 26 - 30 ].By targeting 3' untranslated regions (3'UTRs) of cognate mRNAs, miRNAs post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression and induce translational repression [ 29 , 30 ]. (intechopen.com)
To date, 1527 human miRNAs have been identified (Sanger miRBase 18 http://www.miRbase.org/index.shtml), forming less than 1% of all human genes, potentially regulating more than 10% of all protein coding genes [ 1 ]. (intechopen.com)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous short non-coding RNA molecules that can post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression and play a critical role in gonadal differentiation as well as early development of animals. (peerj.com)
Research on the sex-biased expression of miRNAs in avian gonads are limited, and little is known about M. undulatus . (peerj.com)
In conclusion, this work is the first report of sex-biased miRNAs expression in the budgerigar, and provides additional sequences to the avian miRNAome database which will foster further functional genomic research. (peerj.com)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are all non-coding RNAs that play vital role in post-transcriptional regulation of various animals and plants ( Bartel, 2009 ). (peerj.com)
MiRNAs appear to target about 60% of the genes of humans and other mammals. (brainwritings.com)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, endogenous noncoding RNAs composed of 18-23 nucleotides (nt) that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression by targeting the 3'-untranslated regions of mRNAs [ 1 - 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Colorectal cancer Core tip: MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a key class of gene ex-pression regulators, have emerged as crucial players in various biological processes such as cellular prolifera-tion and differentiaprolifera-tion, development and apoptosis. (123dok.net)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in the initiation and progression of NSCLC. (ajmb.org)
Small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) mainly consist of microRNAs (miRNAs) and small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) 8 . (ajmb.org)
miRNAs can post-transcriptionally regulate the expression of myriad of different target genes including more than 30% of protein coding genes 9 , thereby managing an extensive spread of biological functions such as cellular proliferation 10 , apoptosis 11 and differentiation 12 . (ajmb.org)
miRNAs may function as tumor suppressors or oncogenes, thus dysregulated expressions participate in cancer development and progression 16,17 . (ajmb.org)
A large number of studies have demonstrated that the synergistic collaboration of a number of microRNAs (miRNAs), their growth factors and their downstream agents is required for the initiation and completion of pathogenesis in the liver. (wjgnet.com)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that have been termed "master regulators of the genome" given their significance in post-transcriptional gene regulation, and roles in a multitude of normal and disease processes. (amegroups.org)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs, typically 21-23 nucleotides long, that function in post-transcriptional gene regulation typically through translation inhibition and/or mRNA degradation ( 1 ). (amegroups.org)
Since their discovery in Caenorhabditis elegans , miRNAs have been extensively investigated as master regulators of gene expression in a variety of animal, plant, and human models. (amegroups.org)
MiRNA expression is frequently altered during cancer development, associated with dysregulated expression of a plethora of different miRNAs, their biogenesis or processing proteins, such as DROSHA and DICER1 ( 1 ). (amegroups.org)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in most cancers. (biomedcentral.com)
MRNAs1
Some snoRNAs could be processed to produce molecules like miRNA which drive post-translational gene silencing on complementary mRNAs 20-22 . (ajmb.org)
Pathway6
Here, we report that the microRNA miR-1 regulates the autophagy pathway through conserved targeting of the orthologous T re-2/ B ub2/ C DC16 (TBC) Rab GTPase-activating proteins TBC-7 and TBC1D15 in Caenorhabditis elegans and mammalian cells, respectively. (elifesciences.org)
This miRNA - miR-218-5p - plays an important role in regulating the pathway involved in follicle regeneration, and could be a candidate for future drug development. (brainwritings.com)
The changes in the G1-to-S cell cycle pathway showed that 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 down-regulates the genes influencing the G1-to-S phase transition. (biomedcentral.com)
The present study demonstrates how pathway analysis can be combined with network analysis to perform an integrated analysis of transcriptomics and microRNA-omics data. (biomedcentral.com)
In the present study, we will combine pathway- and network-based methods to decipher the regulatory action of 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 in prostate cancer cells on mRNA and microRNA level. (biomedcentral.com)
The mirtron pathway generates microRNA-class regulatory RNAs in Drosophila. (sdbonline.org)
Methylation1
METHODS: The correlation between RNA m5C methylation, m5C writer NOP2/Sun RNA methyltransferase family member 2 (NSUN2) and EGFR-TKIs resistance was determined in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines and patient samples. (bvsalud.org)
Molecules1
Promising regulatory molecules in this respect are small non-coding RNAs, like microRNAs, which regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. (biomedcentral.com)
Protein2
A potential cancer therapy strategy is provided by using antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) to perturb the interaction between RNA and protein. (bvsalud.org)
The more general pathways were merged into one network and then extended with known protein-protein and transcription factor-gene interactions. (biomedcentral.com)
Regulation5
in this way, vesicle-free miRNA may regulate cell-to-cell communication including the regulation of gene expression and cellular signaling. (frontiersin.org)
Real-time PCR assays further revealed that the expression of the mRNA of GRB2, RNF115, and AATF decreased significantly with the down-regulation of NSUN2 in HCC cells. (bvsalud.org)
Network algorithms were used to (1) identify active network modules and (2) integrate microRNA regulation in the network. (biomedcentral.com)
Adding microRNA regulation to the network enabled the identification of gene targets of significantly expressed microRNAs after 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
Until recently, it was unknown how sexual differences in the behavior, physiology, and development of organisms are regulated by differential gene expression. (peerj.com)
Identification of novel Drosophila neural precursor genes using a differential embryonic head cDNA screen. (sdbonline.org)
Biological3
RNA structures have widespread and crucial functions in many biological regulations, however, the functions of RNA structures in regulating cancer drug resistance remain unclear. (bvsalud.org)
RNA modification affects many biological processes and physiological diseases. (bvsalud.org)
MicroRNAs, a key class of gene expression regulators, have emerged as crucial players in various biological processes such as cellular proliferation and differentia-tion, development and apoptosis. (123dok.net)
Pathways1
Transcriptome analysis revealed that a major function of the hypermethylated genes participated in the phosphokinase signaling pathways, such as the Ras and PI3K-Akt pathways. (bvsalud.org)
Inflammatory1
In addidifferentia-tion, microR-NAs are coming to light as crucial regulators of innate and adaptive immune responses, and their abnormal expression and/or function in the immune system have been linked to multiple human diseases including inflammatory disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease, and cancers. (123dok.net)
NSCLC5
CONCLUSIONS: Our study reveals a critical function of aberrant RNA m5C modification via the NSUN2-YBX1-QSOX1 axis in mediating intrinsic resistance to gefitinib in EGFR-mutant NSCLC. (bvsalud.org)
Here, the psoralen analysis of RNA interactions and structures method (PARIS) is used to establish the higher-order RNA structure maps of EGFR-TKI resistant and sensitive cells of NSCLC. (bvsalud.org)
Measuring miRNA expression levels could provide a potential approach for the diagnosis of NSCLC. (ajmb.org)
Our goals were to examine miR-223, miR-212, miR-192, miR-3074, SNORD33 and SNORD37 expression levels in tissue and sputum of NSCLC patients and cancer free subjects for molecular diagnosis of NSCLC. (ajmb.org)
Methods: Relative expressions of miR-223, miR-212, miR-192, miR-3074, SNORD33 and SNORD37 were examined with quantitative real-time RT-PCR assay in tissue and sputum obtained from 17 NSCLC patients and 17 controls. (ajmb.org)
Target4
RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), RNA bisulfite sequencing (RNA-BisSeq) and m5C methylated RNA immunoprecipitation-qPCR (MeRIP-qPCR) were performed to identify the target gene of NSUN2 involved in EGFR-TKIs resistance. (bvsalud.org)
Furthermore, the regulatory mechanism of NSUN2 modulating the target gene expression was investigated by functional rescue and puromycin incorporation assays. (bvsalud.org)
Integrated RNA-seq and m5C-BisSeq analyses identified quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase 1 (QSOX1) as a potential target of aberrant m5C modification. (bvsalud.org)
Six of the nine differentially expressed microRNAs target genes in the extended network, including CLSPN , an important checkpoint regulator in the cell cycle that was down-regulated, and FZD5 , a receptor for Wnt proteins that was up-regulated. (biomedcentral.com)
Small2
In the current study, we sequenced two small non-coding RNA libraries made from the gonads of adult male and female budgerigars using Illumina paired-end sequencing technology. (peerj.com)
Recently, new and unexpected functions of other types of small ncRNAs have been discovered and investigators found that snoRNA expression in cancers is as variable as miRNA expression 19 . (ajmb.org)
Regulatory1
Integrating the effects of nutritional compounds at the gene expression level with information about the regulatory level can shed a new light on their action mechanism. (biomedcentral.com)
Humans2
98% of RNA transcripts in humans are non-coding ( 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
Due to the exclusivity of language to humans, no single animal model is sufficient to study the complete behavioral effects of these genes. (comparative-cognition-and-behavior-reviews.org)
Induce1
Further, we found that the cytokine interferon-β (IFN-β) can induce miR-1 expression in mammalian cells, reducing TBC1D15 levels, and safeguarding against proteotoxic challenges. (elifesciences.org)
Embryonic1
RNA structure formation in YRDC 3' UTR suppresses embryonic lethal abnormal vision-like 1 (ELAVL1) binding, leading to EGFR-TKI sensitivity by impairing YRDC translation. (bvsalud.org)
MiRNA expression2
Turnover of mature miRNA is needed for rapid changes in miRNA expression profiles. (brainwritings.com)
The measurement of altered miRNA expression in sputum samples manifested the potential noninvasive approach for detection of lung cancer. (ajmb.org)
Modification3
BACKGROUND: RNA 5-methylcytosine (m5C) modification plays critical roles in the pathogenesis of various tumors. (bvsalud.org)
However, the function and molecular mechanism of RNA m5C modification in tumor drug resistance remain unclear. (bvsalud.org)
The 5-methylcytosine (m5C) modification regulates the progression of multiple tumors. (bvsalud.org)
Mechanism2
Our study reveals an unprecedented mechanism through which the RNA structure switch modulates EGFR-TKI resistance by controlling YRDC mRNA translation in an ELAVL1-dependent manner. (bvsalud.org)
Our aim was to investigate the role and mechanism of microRNAs in glioblastomas that could contribute to the diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of glioblastoma patients. (biomedcentral.com)
Markers1
EMT is an embryologically conserved genetic program by which epithelial cells down regulate intercellular tight junctions, loose polarity, express mesenchymal markers, and manifest a migratory phenotype [ 1 ]. (intechopen.com)
Human3
Genes associated with human speech and language disorders provide some insights, originating with the FOXP2 transcription factor, a mutation in which is the source of an inherited form of developmental verbal dyspraxia. (comparative-cognition-and-behavior-reviews.org)
Scientific emerging evidences suggest the potential involvement of altered miRNA expressions in the pathogenesis of human cancers 13-15 . (ajmb.org)
Glial and neuronal functions of the Drosophila homolog of the human SWI/SNF gene ATR-X (DATR-X) and the jing zinc-finger gene specify the lateral positioning of longitudinal glia and axons. (sdbonline.org)
Genetic1
The nature of imperfect binding specificity means that a single miRNA can regulate a large number of mRNA targets involved in complex cellular processes, thereby tightly controlling genetic networks during development and in response to stress ( Pocock, 2011 ). (elifesciences.org)
Cancer3
In this study, we performed an integrative network-based analysis using a publicly available data set studying the role of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 (1,25(OH) 2 D 3 ) in prostate cancer cells on mRNA and microRNA level. (biomedcentral.com)
Moreover, after 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 treatment the gene expression in several cancer-related processes was down-regulated. (biomedcentral.com)
The extendable network-based tools PathVisio and Cytoscape enable straightforward, in-depth and integrative analysis of mRNA and microRNA expression data in 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 -treated cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Targets1
Furthermore, we predicted and demonstrated that Retinoid Acid Receptor-Related Orphan Receptor Alpha (RORA) is one of the targets of gga-miR-155, and the gga-miR-155 regulated the proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis and invasiveness of MSB1 cells by targeting RORA. (biomedcentral.com)
Affects1
2011 ) clearly showed that 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 can modulate gene and microRNA profiles in LCNaP cells and affects processes involved in cell cycle arrest, calcium ion homoeostasis and phosphoinositide-mediated signalling. (biomedcentral.com)
Role1
In this review, we discuss our current understanding of microRNAs with a focus on their role and mode of action in regulating the immune system during inflammation and carcinogenesis. (123dok.net)
Drosophila1
Downregulation of the host gene jigr1 by miR-92 is essential for neuroblast self-renewal in Drosophila . (sdbonline.org)
Growth1
Hair growth depends on the health of dermal papillae (DP) cells, which regulate the hair follicle growth cycle. (brainwritings.com)
Show1
Our results show RNA structural regions are enriched in untranslation regions (UTRs) and correlate with translation efficiency (TE). (bvsalud.org)
Results1
RESULTS: RNA m5C hypermethylation and NSUN2 were significantly correlated with intrinsic resistance to EGFR-TKIs. (bvsalud.org)