• The RNA world is a hypothetical stage in the evolutionary history of life on Earth, in which self-replicating RNA molecules proliferated before the evolution of DNA and proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • If the RNA world existed, it was probably followed by an age characterized by the evolution of ribonucleoproteins (RNP world), which in turn ushered in the era of DNA and longer proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Overall, our data suggest that butyrate can reduce the expression of inflammatory genes not only by transcriptional regulation, but also by post-transcriptional regulation via inhibition of mRNA stabilizing proteins. (metu.edu.tr)
  • Regulation of gene expression by proteins and small RNAs. (otago.ac.nz)
  • In contrast to messenger RNAs (mRNA), they are not translated into proteins. (sciencedaily.com)
  • This modification of the microRNA expression profile is essential to the inhibition of the expression of transcription factors (proteins that activate or inhibit gene expression) that have a repressive effect on GnRH expression. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Repressor proteins are coded for by regulatory genes. (proteopedia.org)
  • The SpeedMill PLUS is a highly efficient homogenization system for various starting materials used for the subsequent isolation and purification of DNA, RNA or proteins. (environmental-expert.com)
  • This balance is maintained by the combinatorial activity of transcription factors and chromatin proteins that dictate the transcription of coding gene networks instructing fate choice decisions. (upenn.edu)
  • Elucidate the structure, dynamics and functions of intrinsically disordered proteins and protein regions (IDPs/IDRs) and their biological regulation by Post-translational modifications. (upstate.edu)
  • Tsotakos N, Phelps DS, Yengo CM, Chinchilli VM, Floros J. Single-cell analysis reveals differential regulation of the alveolar macrophage actin cytoskeleton by surfactant proteins A1 and A2: implications of sex and aging. (psu.edu)
  • The DNA that makes up genes contains the instructions to synthesise proteins, but it's wrong to think that, for a given gene, these instructions are always the same for all parts of the organisms . (evolutionnews.org)
  • His findings have far reaching consequences for our understanding of how RNA-binding proteins and metabolites regulate gene expression, RNA processing and innate immunity. (ed.ac.uk)
  • Fast Fenton footprinting: a laboratory-based method for the time-resolved analysis of DNA, RNA and proteins. (nyu.edu)
  • Polycomb Group (PcG) of proteins compact chromatin keeping genes in a repressed state. (chicagobiomedicalconsortium.org)
  • This process is mediated by a complex molecular machinery known as the spliceosome, which enables the production of multiple and functionally distinct proteins from single genes. (lu.se)
  • MicroRNA is a type of RNA, a chemical cousin of DNA, that attaches to a protein's blueprint (a molecule called messenger RNA) and blocks the production of proteins from it. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Programmable DNA binding proteins have emerged as an exciting platform for engineering synthetic transcription factors for modulating endogenous gene expression 5 - 11 . (cdc.gov)
  • Genetic testing encompasses a broad range of laboratory tests performed to analyze DNA, RNA, chromosomes, proteins, and certain metabolites using biochemical, cytogenetic, or molecular methods or a combination of these methods. (cdc.gov)
  • These data define a regulatory mechanism for the difference in amounts of VP6 and NSP1 and provide evidence for post-transcriptional control of rotavirus gene expression mediated by the translational efficiency of individual viral mRNAs. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Here we present a computational approach called exon-intron split analysis (EISA) that measures changes in mature RNA and pre-mRNA reads across different experimental conditions to quantify transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. (nature.com)
  • Furthermore, changes in post-transcriptional regulation can be predicted from differences between exonic and intronic changes. (nature.com)
  • EISA reveals both transcriptional and post-transcriptional contributions to expression changes, increasing the amount of information that can be gained from RNA-seq data sets. (nature.com)
  • Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules contain various post-transcriptional modifications that are crucial for tRNA stability, translation efficiency, and fidelity. (mdpi.com)
  • In an article he contributed to a volume issued in honor of Nobel-laureate physiologist Albert Szent-Györgyi, he explained that the primitive Earth's environment could have produced RNA molecules (polynucleotide monomers) that eventually acquired enzymatic and self-replicating functions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Molecular Biology introduces you to the structure and function of molecules, including DNA and RNA, which allow genes to be expressed and be maintained from one generation to the next. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • MicroRNAs are small, non-coding RNA molecules involved in the regulation of gene expression. (nih.gov)
  • This project aimed to identify novel RNA modifications as functional elements of RNA molecules. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Many non-coding sequences produce RNA molecules that regulate gene expression by turning them on and off. (evolutionnews.org)
  • Mechanisms of regulation of gene expression by structured RNA molecules and RNA-protein complexes. (nyu.edu)
  • Testing regulatory RNAs and small-molecules as novel therapeutic agents. (nyu.edu)
  • RNA molecules with conserved catalytic cores but variable peripheries fold along unique energetically optimized pathways. (nyu.edu)
  • Using Analytical Ultra Centrifugation to measure global structural changes during equilibrium folding of RNA molecules. (nyu.edu)
  • FANTOM5 extends the third and fourth FANTOM atlases by including 4,721 human and 5,127 mouse genes, focusing on primary cells, cell lines and tissues, but that's not all: "The atlas also detected signals from the promoters of short RNA primary transcripts, and long non-coding RNAs . (evolutionnews.org)
  • Students will understand the basis of genome maintenance and gene expression, and appreciate the concept of mutation at the level of the genotype and how this manifests at the phenotypic level. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • In the last 30 years, the discovery of mutations in various parts of the genome in patients with disorders of puberty has made it possible to identify some genes involved in this process. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In terms of diagnosis, the study carried out by Vincent Prévot's team in Lille shows the interest of analysing DNA segments from which microRNAs are transcribed, as well as the genome segments that encode their binding sites on the target genes. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The majority of the human genome has the capacity to be transcribed and the majority of the non-protein-coding transcripts made by RNA Polymerase II are enriched in the nucleus. (portlandpress.com)
  • The gradual conversion from endosymbiont to organelle during the course of evolution has clearly been accompanied by a dramatic reduction in genome size as the chloroplasts lost most of their genes to the nucleus. (frontiersin.org)
  • The research team performed additional experiments to detect where in the mouse genome the AAV vector delivered the corrected gene and how that related to any cancer development. (nih.gov)
  • In many mice that developed liver cancer, the AAV vector targeted a region of the mouse genome called Rian, near a gene called Mir341 that codes for a microRNA molecule. (nih.gov)
  • Most of the AAV integrations that caused liver cancer landed in a gene that is not found in the human genome, which suggests that the cancers we observed after AAV gene therapy may have been a mouse-specific phenomenon. (nih.gov)
  • Current bioinformatic pipelines for high-throughput studies like whole genome sequencing, RNA-seq, ChIP-seq, and single cell RNA-seq are limited in their ability to map repetitive elements of the genome like ribosomal DNA. (upenn.edu)
  • Recent work by the international ENCODE (Encyclopedia of DNA Elements) Project (1, 2) suggested that a large percentage of non-coding DNA, which makes up an estimated 95% of the human genome, has a function in gene regulation. (evolutionnews.org)
  • studies on cell cycle regulation and genome instability. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Although analyses that give information on the expression of a few genes provide insight and have been responsible for a large proportion of the bacterial pathogenesis literature currently available, our ultimate goal is to understand expression changes across the whole genome. (cdc.gov)
  • The additional information generated by whole genome studies goes far beyond that derived by characterizing in isolation more genes and gene products, because analysis of the whole genome allows complete regulatory networks to be identified and characterized. (cdc.gov)
  • A second group of methods, which includes DNA microarrays and proteomics, have advantages that overcome the limitations implicit in signature-tagged mutagenesis and in vivo expression technology, namely, the ability to directly measure expression (gene or protein) levels on a true genome-wide scale, but their application to analysis of bacterial pathogens during real infections is still in its infancy. (cdc.gov)
  • New systems processing of numerous and different kinds of signals, math- must capture the specific biological mechanisms of opera- ematical and computational methods are required to model tion and distributed regulation at work within the genome. (lu.se)
  • Achieving systematic, genome-scale perturbations within intact biological systems is important for elucidating gene function and epigenetic regulation. (cdc.gov)
  • To date, various genome-scale loss-of-function screening methods have been developed, including approaches employing RNA interference 1 , 2 and the RNA-guided endonuclease Cas9 from the microbial CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat) adaptive immune system 3 , 4 . (cdc.gov)
  • MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs transcribed from our DNA. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Regulation of gene expression, e.g. expression of the GnRH gene, by microRNAs is therefore considered "epigenetic" regulation. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Research conducted in mice by Vincent Prévot's team shows that birth induces a radical change in the expression of microRNAs in the hypothalamic GnRH neurons. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Indeed, in the absence of microRNAs, the expression of transcription factors that inhibit GnRH expression increases, and leads to the extinction of GnRH synthesis in the brain, leading to the arrest of sexual maturation, absence of puberty, and complete sterility in adult individuals. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The roles of immunomodulatory elements such as microRNAs, which alter gene expression, and regulatory T cells (Tregs), which suppress T cell-mediated responses, in TDI sensitization are unknown. (cdc.gov)
  • MicroRNAs, as their name implies, are small RNAs that provide an essential regulation of gene expression by controlling translation of protein expressing messenger RNAs. (rvc.ac.uk)
  • In this article the researchers describe their identification of important individual microRNAs and relevant genes they regulate to control regulatory T cell development. (rvc.ac.uk)
  • MicroRNAs are short non-coding RNAs with important functions in the regulation of gene expression in healthy and diseased tissues. (lu.se)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs responsible for posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. (lu.se)
  • In this work, RVC researchers set about to understand microRNA regulation of helper T cells development. (rvc.ac.uk)
  • MicroRNA-15b/16 Enhances the Induction of Regulatory T Cells by Regulating the Expression of Rictor and mTOR. (rvc.ac.uk)
  • To optimally utilize the biological and clinical information that is contained in microRNA expression levels, tools for their accurate and cost-effective quantification are needed. (lu.se)
  • Along with the reorganization of epigenetic and transcriptional networks, somatic cell reprogramming brings about numerous changes at the level of RNA processing. (nih.gov)
  • Epigenetic and RNA-mediated mechanisms. (lu.se)
  • More so, our results show that the epigenetic regulation of TE transcription is dynamically regulated throughout life (Paper II), upon the beginning of neuroinflammation (Paper III), and in a disease-driving polymorphic TE insertion (Paper IV). (lu.se)
  • orthogonal exPeriMental changes and pathways induced by EGE investigated the impact of aSSeSSMent of ePigenetic environmental factors in cancer causation, both current H. pylori infection and driver geneS and their link to underpinning studies of etiology e , pigenetic memory of past (eradicated) environMental carcinogenS carcinogen evaluation, and prevention. (who.int)
  • To provide a general introduction to the molecular basis of genetics, how genes are maintained from one generation to the next and how their expression is regulated in various systems. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • Both genetics and environmental factors influence the expression of asthma, and not all asthma is the result of a specific immune response to allergen. (cdc.gov)
  • Further concept of RNA as a primordial molecule can be found in papers by Francis Crick and Leslie Orgel, as well as in Carl Woese's 1967 book The Genetic Code. (wikipedia.org)
  • One version of the hypothesis is that a different type of nucleic acid, termed pre-RNA, was the first one to emerge as a self-reproducing molecule, to be replaced by RNA only later. (wikipedia.org)
  • Using the Caco-2 cell line, which undergoes spontaneous re-differentiation when grown past confluency, we observed a loss of VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule 1) mRNA expression, while ICAM-1 (intercellular cell adhesion m. (metu.edu.tr)
  • Recent studies have highlighted examples of chromatin regulation via RNA matchmaking, a term we use broadly here to describe intermolecular base-pairing interactions between one RNA molecule and an RNA or DNA match. (portlandpress.com)
  • A gene, the basic unit of heredity, is a segment of DNA containing all the information necessary to synthesize a polypeptide (protein) or a functional RNA molecule. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A gene is a segment of DNA that provides the code to construct a protein or RNA molecule. (msdmanuals.com)
  • We have hypothesized that butyrate may regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally through global effects on the expression or cytoplasmic trans location of RBPs. (metu.edu.tr)
  • Research in the Paralkar Lab spans the spectrum from human patient sample studies and mouse models to cutting-edge molecular biology tools, high-throughput sequencing approaches, and novel computational algorithms, all with the goal of gaining insight into how the transcription of coding genes and noncoding ribosomal DNA genes is regulated in hematopoietic stem cells, myeloid progenitors, and in leukemia. (upenn.edu)
  • We applied high-throughput RNA-Seq technology to provide a more complete overview of the interactions between HCV and the host. (lancs.ac.uk)
  • Therefore it is not surpris- pansion of biological understanding from the analysis of in- ing that the advent of high-throughput genomic and pro- dividual genes to the analysis of systems of genes (and pro- teomic technologies is drawing a growing interest from the teins). (lu.se)
  • Current data indicate that pausing is particularly enriched at genes in signal-responsive pathways. (nature.com)
  • These genes fell into distinct regulatory pathways including immune response, antigen processing and interferon*stimulated genes (ISGs). (lancs.ac.uk)
  • The major goal of my laboratory is to understand the roles of RNA-related pathways in human biology and disease. (ed.ac.uk)
  • He discovered a number of factors and mechanisms that regulate production of miRNAs (short non-coding RNAs that control physiological and pathological gene expression pathways). (ed.ac.uk)
  • Two of these genes, arginase 1 and eotaxin 1 are the focus of continuing investigations in mouse models of asthma regarding differences in mechanistic pathways depending on the allergen. (cdc.gov)
  • Array studies provide candidate genes to identify common mechanistic pathways in the effector phase, as well as mechanistic pathways unique to individual allergens. (cdc.gov)
  • There are a limited number of mechanisms that enable dynamic regulation in yeast, and fewer still that are appropriate for application in an industrial setting. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Microorganisms possess a variety of mechanisms for modulating gene expression levels according to changes in their environment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MICR 335 will provide a fundamental knowledge of the mechanisms that bacteria use to sense their environment and adapt their gene expression to optimise their growth and survival. (otago.ac.nz)
  • in some cases, there are clear examples of direct RNA-mediated chromatin regulation mechanisms stemming from these interactions, while others have yet to be determined. (portlandpress.com)
  • We have investigated potential mechanisms of regulation of rotavirus gene expression by functional evaluation of two differentially expressed viral mRNAs. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • In the ever-evolving field of molecular biology, scientists are continually exploring the intricate mechanisms that govern gene expression and regulation. (environmental-expert.com)
  • The Goodell Lab focuses on the basic mechanisms that regulate hematopoietic stem (HSC) cells, and how their mis-regulation leads to leukemia development. (chicagobiomedicalconsortium.org)
  • Together, these developments suggest great potential for the wide applicability of these platforms for better-performing eukaryotic gene regulation, and more sophisticated, customizable reprogramming of cellular activity. (caltech.edu)
  • Pausing provides a mechanism to tune these key genes to cellular and external regulatory cues. (nature.com)
  • Pausing provides a point of regulation that is distinct from Pol II recruitment and initiation, and this may facilitate the integration of multiple cellular signals. (nature.com)
  • This gene may be involved in several cellular functions including growth, migration, aggregation and anti-inflammation in multiple cell types. (cancerindex.org)
  • Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) forms the majority of cellular RNA, and its transcription in the nucleolus by RNA Polymerase I from ribosomal DNA (rDNA) repeats accounts for the bulk of all transcription. (upenn.edu)
  • We studied CO2-sensitive tRNA modification and its association with Warburg effect, and found dynamic regulation of tRNA modification by sensing cellular metabolic status. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Cellular RNAs are regulated at multiple stages, including transcription, RNA maturation and degradation. (nature.com)
  • Besides their canonical roles in translation, tRNAs also originate tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNAs with regulatory functions ranging from translation regulation to gene expression control and cellular stress response. (mdpi.com)
  • The He lab identified a core complex comprised of two subunits: METTL3 and METTL14, and an accessory factor WTAP, which mediates cellular m6A RNA methylation. (chicagobiomedicalconsortium.org)
  • Cellular RNA methylation level can have profound impacts on normal cell differentiation and cancer cell proliferation. (chicagobiomedicalconsortium.org)
  • RNA splicing is a major nexus of gene expression regulation, shaping cellular identity during development, frequently altered in human cancers. (lu.se)
  • One of the challenges in studying abiogenesis is that the system of reproduction and metabolism utilized by all extant life involves three distinct types of interdependent macromolecules (DNA, RNA, and protein). (wikipedia.org)
  • The lactose ("lac") repressor controls the expression of bacterial enzymes involved in the metabolism of of the sugar lactose. (proteopedia.org)
  • The nomenclature of different promoter-associated RNA polymerase II (Pol II) species is explicitly defined in an effort to provide consistency in future literature. (nature.com)
  • Recent years have witnessed a sea change in our understanding of transcription regulation: whereas traditional models focused solely on the events that brought RNA polymerase II (Pol II) to a gene promoter to initiate RNA synthesis, emerging evidence points to the pausing of Pol II during early elongation as a widespread regulatory mechanism in higher eukaryotes. (nature.com)
  • This stably repressed state is linked with a loss of gene priming for transcription through the exclusion of PRC1 (Ring1B) and RNA polymerase II complexes at bivalent, lineage-inappropriate genes upon trophoblast lineage commitment. (cnrs.fr)
  • Bacterial RNA maturation. (otago.ac.nz)
  • Individual small RNAs are responsible for controlling the expression of gonadoliberin or GnRH (Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone), a neurohormone that controls sexual maturation, the appearance of puberty, and fertility in adults, new research shows. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Through this role in regulating the activity (expression) of genes, the Dicer protein is involved in many processes, including cell growth and division (proliferation) and the maturation of cells to take on specialized functions (differentiation). (medlineplus.gov)
  • RNA-seq experiments generate reads derived not only from mature RNA transcripts but also from pre-mRNA. (nature.com)
  • Indeed, FANTOM5's survey of 95 percent of protein-coding genes found near universal coverage by promoters, based on the first few bases of RNA transcripts. (evolutionnews.org)
  • We use these engineered Cas9 activation complexes to investigate sgRNA targeting rules for effective transcriptional activation, demonstrate multiplexed activation of 10 genes simultaneously, and upregulate long intergenic non-coding RNA (lincRNA) transcripts. (cdc.gov)
  • Genes are contained in chromosomes in the cell nucleus and mitochondria. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The 23rd pair, the sex chromosomes (X and Y), determines a person's sex as well as containing other functional genes. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Genes are arranged linearly along the DNA of chromosomes. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Each gene has a specific location (locus), which is typically the same on each of the 2 homologous chromosomes. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Some genes occur in multiple copies that may be next to each other or in different locations in the same or different chromosomes. (msdmanuals.com)
  • High concentrations of fermentable carbon sources repress gene expression from galactose promoters (GAL) via a carbon catabolite repression mechanism [ 7 ], and galactose utilisation genes are not activated during growth on sucrose [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This means that cheap, fermentable sugars such as glucose or sucrose cannot be used during a production phase when the GAL promoters are used to achieve dynamic regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Core, L. J., Waterfall, J. J. & Lis, J. T. Nascent RNA sequencing reveals widespread pausing and divergent initiation at human promoters. (nature.com)
  • From DNA to RNA: the structure and function of the gene, promoters and terminators. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • a plastid-encoded bacterial-type RNA polymerase (PEP) and a nuclear-encoded phage-type RNA polymerase (NEP), which recognize distinct types of promoters. (frontiersin.org)
  • The PEP enzyme recognizes the -10 and -35 cis -elements, similar to those found in bacterial promoters whereas the NEP enzyme recognizes the YRTA-motif, which can also be found upstream of several genes with PEP promoters indicating that these genes can be transcribed by both polymerases ( Pfannschmidt and Liere, 2005 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • A number of studies have uncovered RNA processing factors that modulate the efficiency of the reprogramming process. (nih.gov)
  • However, a comprehensive evaluation of the involvement of RNA processing factors in the reprogramming of somatic mammalian cells is lacking. (nih.gov)
  • Pol II pausing and release occur at a point when 5′ end RNA processing and phosphorylation of the Pol II carboxy-terminal domain occurs. (nature.com)
  • We speculate that by coupling RNA processing to the status and activity of Pol II itself, the cell ensures that nascent RNA is properly protected from degradation and efficiently matures into a functional mRNA. (nature.com)
  • See also Transcription and RNA Processing . (proteopedia.org)
  • Gracjan's main research interests are associated with regulation of gene expression, RNA processing and innate immune response to RNA viruses. (ed.ac.uk)
  • eling require a broad range of signal processing approaches, Two salient goals of functional genomics are to screen for including signal representation relevant to transcription and key genes and gene combinations that explain specific cel- system modeling using nonlinear dynamical systems. (lu.se)
  • More- ing with the global understanding of functional genomics, over, signal processing is based on a holistic view of regu- with special emphasis on genomic regulation. (lu.se)
  • EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing dynamical modelling of gene networks. (lu.se)
  • Lis, J. Promoter-associated pausing in promoter architecture and postinitiation transcriptional regulation. (nature.com)
  • Transcription in eukaryotes is carried out by three main RNA polymerases: Pol I, II, and III. (mdpi.com)
  • While riboswitches have generally allowed for versatile and modular regulation, so far their dynamic ranges of output gene modulation have been modest, generally at most 10-fold. (caltech.edu)
  • The RNA Technology and Bioinformatics Group within the RNA Bioscience Initiative develops new molecular and bioinformatic methods to analyze RNA sequence, diversity, nascent transcription, structure, and localization. (cuanschutz.edu)
  • Cutting-edge RNA technologies and computational methods fuel new discoveries, advancing the field of RNA biology across disciplines. (cuanschutz.edu)
  • Materials and methods: RNA was isolated from liver biopsies from patients who were chronically infected with HCV. (lancs.ac.uk)
  • Mitra, S. ( 2014 ) Methods in Molecular Biology, Vol. 1086 (RNA Folding - Methods and Protocols), Chapter 16: 265-288. (nyu.edu)
  • Methods for gene identification and analysis of gene structure: cloning, PCR, restriction mapping, in situ hybridisation, DNA sequencing. (lu.se)
  • Methods for analysis of gene expression: microarray, hybridisation, promoter analyses. (lu.se)
  • Gene technology: basic and applied molecular genetic methods. (lu.se)
  • However, we now have a number of methods that allow identification of genes critical for survival in a host as well as methods that allow direct measurement of gene expression during interaction with a host. (cdc.gov)
  • Two of these methods, signature-tagged mutagenesis and in vivo expression technology, do not directly measure gene expression and do not allow true genomic-scale analysis, but they have been devised to identify genes necessary for pathogens during real infections. (cdc.gov)
  • The advent of new methods to obtain large-scale surveys of various mathematical structures, such as systems of differen- gene expression in which transcript levels can be determined tial equations, graphical networks, stochastic functional re- for thousands of genes simultaneously has facilitated the ex- lations, and simulation models. (lu.se)
  • Different statistical methods with varying selection criteria resulted in identification of similar candidate genes. (cdc.gov)
  • Benchmarking Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Protocols for Cell Atlas Projects. (crossref.org)
  • In general, these protocols aim to enrich for mature mRNA by selection of polyadenylated RNA or by depletion of ribosomal RNA. (nature.com)
  • Although pausing has been connected to extremely rapid and synchronous activation of genes, pausing is also highly associated with constitutively expressed genes that encode signalling and transcription factors. (nature.com)
  • The linear sequence of the A, T, C, and G bases in what is called coding DNA determines the particular protein that a short segment of DNA, known as a gene, will encode. (evolutionnews.org)
  • Regulation of actin dynamics and analysis of genomic influences on actin function. (upstate.edu)
  • This study is different from most genomic studies, in that it examined gene promoter sites as a measure of function. (evolutionnews.org)
  • adequately represent genomic regulation for diagnosis and Historically, it has been within the domain of signal therapy. (lu.se)
  • After 4 weeks of conversion, we performed global analyses of RNA and protein levels by RNA-sequencing and mass spectrometry. (lu.se)
  • In the somatic tissues, the stem cells expressed telomerase-associated RNA, but no proliferation activity. (nih.gov)
  • A Comprehensive Mouse Transcriptomic BodyMap across 17 Tissues by RNA-seq. (crossref.org)
  • Little is known however about how rRNA transcription is regulated and fine-tuned across normal and malignant tissues, and whether this regulation can be targeted for leukemia treatment. (upenn.edu)
  • Central to this investigation is an understanding of what gene products are required and expressed during a natural infection and how this expression changes over time (from initial colonization to causation of disease and spread of the pathogen to new hosts) and space (in different cells or tissues within the host). (cdc.gov)
  • Distinct signals that act through diverse targeted transcription factors can regulate different steps in the transcription pathway and provide a highly modulated transcriptional response at individual genes. (nature.com)
  • The Paralkar Lab has identified that key hematopoietic and leukemic transcription factors bind to rDNA and regulate rRNA transcription, and we are interested in understanding how the binding of cell-type-specific transcription factors regulates the activity of Polymerase I and the transcription of rRNA in normal hematopoiesis, and how this regulation is co-opted in leukemia to drive abundant ribosome biogenesis. (upenn.edu)
  • Alterations in expression of putative miR-210 transcription factor targets were observed in the dLN during TDI sensitization. (cdc.gov)
  • Each repressor targets a specific co-regulated group of genes by recognizing a specific sequence of DNA, called the operator in bacteria . (proteopedia.org)
  • Validation of these gene targets was carried out in liver biopsies and tissue culture cells. (lancs.ac.uk)
  • A dynamic RNA loop in an IRES affects multiple steps of elongation factor-mediated translation initiation. (nyu.edu)
  • Strategies for gene therapy and production of medicines via genetically-modified organisms (expression vectors and viral vectors). (lu.se)
  • However, it is difficult to capture the complexity of transcript isoform variance using these libraries, and large cDNA sequences are often difficult to clone into size-limited viral expression vectors. (cdc.gov)
  • 2017. Long noncoding RNAs and sulforaphane: a target for chemoprevention and suppression of prostate cancer. . (oregonstate.edu)
  • Our switch devices do not depend on special input protein activity, and can be tailored to respond to any input protein to which a suitable RNA aptamer can be developed. (caltech.edu)
  • However, transfection of replicon-bearing cells with a 3D(pol) aptamer RNA resulted in inhibition of GFP expression and maintenance of normal cell morphology, whereas a control aptamer RNA had little effect. (whiterose.ac.uk)
  • Cas9 nuclease can be converted into an RNA-guided DNA binding protein (dCas9) via inactivation of its two catalytic domains 12 , 13 and then fused to transcription activation domains. (cdc.gov)
  • One basic problem is how a decrease in tRNA levels, by downregulating Pol III efficiency, influences the expression pattern of protein-coding genes. (mdpi.com)
  • There are a limited number of molecular tools available for implementing dynamic regulation in yeast, with most being inadequate for industrial application. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The corrected gene delivered by AAV is the most effective therapy we have developed so far to treat MMA," said Charles Venditti, M.D., Ph.D., senior author and investigator in NHGRI's Genetic and Molecular Biology Branch. (nih.gov)
  • Examples of high molecular environmental factors are known to influence the development weight occupational allergens include proteases used in the and expression of asthma, and a vast array of triggers of asthma detergent industry, laboratory animal allergens, and ovalbumin have been identified. (cdc.gov)
  • Gene mutations: missense versus nonsense mutations, insertions, deletions and frameshifts. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
  • Children with ADAR1 mutations develop fatal Aicardi-Goutières syndrome characterized by aberrant interferon expression. (cancerindex.org)
  • Finally, it seems appropriate to consider the "sodium channel syndrome" (mutations in the gene of the α subunit of the sodium channel, SCN5A gene) as a single clinical entity that may manifest in a wide range of phenotypes, to thus have a better insight on these cardiac syndromes and potential outcomes for their clinical treatment. (bvsalud.org)
  • DICER1 syndrome is caused by mutations in the DICER1 gene. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Most of the gene mutations involved in DICER1 syndrome lead to an abnormally short Dicer protein that is unable to aid in the production of miRNA. (medlineplus.gov)
  • many people who have mutations in the DICER1 gene do not develop abnormal growths. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Genes are the "code" for building the biological elements that form an organism. (evolutionnews.org)
  • One of the most promising techniques to optimise cell factory performance is to control the expression/repression of relevant genes using dynamic regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Analysis of the GnRH gene in humans shows that analogous phenomena might occur in our own species. (sciencedaily.com)
  • They conducted research on mice with a rare disease similar to one in humans, hoping their findings may eventually help improve gene therapy for humans. (nih.gov)
  • Humans have about 20,000 to 23,000 genes depending on how a gene is defined. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Using bioinformatics analyses of publicly available microarray data as well as colon cancer cell lines treated with sodium butyrate, we have observed that butyrate treatment led to a general reduction in expression of several (but not all) RBPs and inhibition in the cytosolic translocation of HuR, a well-known stabilizing RBP. (metu.edu.tr)
  • Protein enzymes may have come to replace RNA-based ribozymes as biocatalysts because their greater abundance and diversity of monomers makes them more versatile. (wikipedia.org)
  • Functional analysis of ISG15 indicated that depleting mRNA levels resulted in increased HCV RNA abundance. (lancs.ac.uk)
  • Butyrate is a SCFA that was reported to alter the mRNA stability of inflammatory genes by increasiing the expression of the RNA binding protein (RBP) Tristetraprolin (TTP). (metu.edu.tr)
  • Functional states of the sodium channel (closed, open, and inactivated) and their structure help to understand the cardiac regulation processes. (bvsalud.org)
  • Central to this movement is an ap- damental issues of expression-based functional genomics. (lu.se)
  • Even so, the evidence for an RNA world is strong enough that the hypothesis has gained wide acceptance. (wikipedia.org)
  • The concurrent formation of all four RNA building blocks further strengthened the hypothesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • The phrase "RNA World" was first used by Nobel laureate Walter Gilbert in 1986, in a commentary on how recent observations of the catalytic properties of various forms of RNA fit with this hypothesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • The properties of RNA make the idea of the RNA world hypothesis conceptually plausible, though its general acceptance as an explanation for the origin of life requires further evidence. (wikipedia.org)
  • Array data are intended to provide candidate genes for hypothesis generation and further experimentation. (cdc.gov)
  • The change in distribution of gene 5 mRNA in polyribosome gradients in response to treatment with low concentrations of cycloheximide suggested that gene 5 is a poor translation initiation template compared with gene 6 mRNA. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Tsotakos N, Silveyra P, Lin Z, Thomas N, Vaid M, Floros J. Regulation of translation by upstream translation initiation codons of surfactant protein A1 splice variants. (psu.edu)
  • One of the most critical components of cells, the ribosome, is composed primarily of RNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here, we used data from a large number of studies carried out in three mammalian species, mouse, chimpanzee and human, to uncover consistent changes in gene expression upon reprogramming of somatic cells. (nih.gov)
  • We further identify genes and processes in which splicing changes are observed in both human and mouse. (nih.gov)
  • Through the centre, we have access to human islets from which we have investigated the miRNA-profile and together we perform large-scale RNA-sequencing studies in human islets that has given us the opportunity to investigate other non-coding RNAs such as the lncRNAs and their role in beta cell function. (lu.se)
  • Without appropriate regulation by miRNA, genes are likely expressed abnormally, which could cause cells to grow and divide uncontrollably and lead to tumor formation. (medlineplus.gov)