Rna virus infections. Medical search. Frequent questions

No statistically significant differences were identified in the by a positive nucleic acid amplification test (e.g., reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction), possible Zika virus infection during pregnancy proportions of children with differing evidence of Zika virus based on presence of serologic evidence of a Zika virus infection, or serologic evidence of an unspecified flavivirus infection. (cdc.gov)
It is indicated for treatment of Zaire ebolavirus in adults and children, including neonates born to a mother who is reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positive for Zaire ebolavirus infection. (medscape.com)
In each infection, several RNAs transcribed by RNA polymerase III (Pol3) specifically engaged RLRs, particularly the family of Y RNAs. (pasteur.fr)
After cellular uptake, it is phosphoribosylated and recognized as a substrate for the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and can cause chain termination or lethal mutagenesis [ 1 , 4 ]. (springer.com)
Retrospective laboratory evaluation of the detection rate of CHIKV infection by real-time Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) on urine. (clinicaltrials.gov)
The antiviral drug favipiravir inhibits the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of RNA viruses [ 1 ]. (springer.com)

Presumably, favipiravir is inserted into the newly synthesized SARS-CoV-2 RNA chain, which caused a detrimental effect on the viral replication. (springer.com)
SARS-CoV-2 RNA has been identified in the eye up to 22 days post onset of self-reported symptoms. (canada.ca)

In abstract, it seems that the absence to date of maternal-fetal transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus throughout the COVID-19 pandemic is just like different coronaviruses, and can be per the acute rarity of steered or confirmed circumstances of intrauterine transmission of different respiratory RNA viruses. (hudsen.org)
Data were from an international collaboration of nine prospective cohorts studying acute HCV infection (InC(3) study). (ox.ac.uk)
In this study, the scientists studied the immune responses induced by infection with the dengue and measles viruses, which cause acute infections, and also the HIV virus, which causes chronic infection. (pasteur.fr)
Hepatitis viruses constitute a major public health problem because of the morbidity and mortality associated with the acute and chronic consequences of these infections. (cdc.gov)
Terms and Abbreviations Used in This Publication Acute hepatitis C Newly acquired symptomatic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. (cdc.gov)
detectable in persons with acute, chronic, and resolved infection. (cdc.gov)
This notion is supported by the finding that bats tolerate many viral infections some of which have spread to humans causing zoonoses such as Ebola, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/90288 ) and reflects updated guidance from professional organizations that recommend treatment for acute HCV infection. (cdc.gov)
Estimations of SARS-CoV-2 reactive memory B cells post-acute infection have led to the isolation of a novel neutralizing mAb. (uvm.edu)
HHV-6, which can produce acute infection in CD4 + T lymphocytes, causes roseola infantum , a febrile illness that affects young children. (medscape.com)
7 These NHPs were cynomolgus macaques used The World Health Organization (WHO) Rapid Risk As- for preclinical research, drug development, disease sessment of Acute Public Health Events Manual 14 was modelling, experimental infections, and biological used for this risk assessment. (who.int)
This surveillance system was useful in identifying the variable endemicity of acute HAV infection in different regions and for better understanding the epidemiology of HBV and HCV infection. (who.int)

Researchers at the University of North Carolina School of Medicine are conducting studies that utilize blood donations from individuals who have been diagnosed with or potentially exposed to mosquito-borne viruses as part of ongoing dengue and Zika research and vaccine development. (news-medical.net)
Malaria and dengue are endemic in similar tropical regions, and therefore, may result in the possibility of co-infection. (who.int)
Concurrent infections of malaria and dengue are when both the diseases occur simultaneously in an individual. (who.int)
Since there are similarities in the clinical characteristics between these two infections, diagnosis of malaria and dengue co-infections might be either misdiagnosed or misinterpreted as mono-infections. (who.int)
This point out the high level of co-infection with malaria amongst patients with severe symptoms who tested positive for Dengue Fever, and has implications on the approach for vector control and surveillance activities. (who.int)
Importantly, this "recognition pocket" is found not only in RVF virus but also in the envelope proteins of other viral families transmitted by arthropods, such as the dengue, Zika and chikungunya viruses, which have caused major worldwide epidemics in recent years. (pasteur.fr)
Through this investigation we have uncovered a central role for ER remodeling proteins in regulating virus replication and assembly for several flaviviruses, including dengue virus, Zika virus and West Nile virus. (tigem.it)
33 Antigen detection assays are not available for MVEV, but have been used for JEV and Dengue fever virus. (mja.com.au)
Aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, non-steroidal should be avoided until dengue can be discarded to reduce the risk of hemorrhage.When traveling to countries where the Zika virus or other viruses transmitted by mosquitoes have been reported, the recommendation is to use insect repellent, long sleeves and pants, and stay in places with air conditioning or window and door fitted with insect screens. (bvsalud.org)
Yellow fever (the prototype virus of the Flaviviridae family), dengue, Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS), and hemorrhagic fever with renal failure syndrome (HFRS) are discussed in separate chapters (see Differentials). (medscape.com)

In a recent study published in the journal iScience , French and US research teams investigated the innate immune mechanisms used by the body in response to RNA viruses. (pasteur.fr)

Studies with EBOV and MeV demonstrate that the matrix protein is involved in early infection events, as inhibits viral replication. (uky.edu)
We also show that a nanobody (a single-domain antibody) that interferes with FluPol A dimerization inhibits the synthesis of vRNA and, consequently, inhibits virus replication in infected cells. (nature.com)
Fig. 4: Nb8205, which binds FluPol A at the dimer interface, inhibits cRNA to vRNA replication and virus growth. (nature.com)
This prevents viral replication and inhibits normal cell ribosome function, killing both the virus and the host cell if the response is active for a sufficient amount of time. (wikidoc.org)
The drug inhibits the HBV receptor (NTCP receptor) on the hepatocyte surface and prevents the infection of healthy cells and viral spread within the liver. (prnewswire.com)
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a leading cause of respiratory tract infections in infants, inhibits type I interferon (IFN)-dependent signalling, as well as IFN synthesis. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Overall, our work uncovers the contribution of endogenous RNAs to antiviral immunity and demonstrates the importance of this pathway in HIV-1 infection. (pasteur.fr)
This mechanism could trigger immunity against viruses before they become detectable. (pasteur.fr)
They showed that the same type of endogenous RNA is involved in triggering innate immunity for different infections, which indicates that this mechanism has been highly conserved during evolution to protect against viral infections. (pasteur.fr)
The scientists hypothesize that by recognizing endogenous RNA, the cell is able to keep one step ahead of the infection and induce immunity before the virus has replicated enough to be detected directly. (pasteur.fr)
Anti-HBs appear after exposure to HBsAg and is a marker for immunity following infection or as a result of vaccination. (cdc.gov)
I'm interested in how viruses engage with these pathways with respect to cellular antiviral immunity, to develop novel avenues for therapeutic intervention. (gla.ac.uk)
My research focuses on companion animal virology and immunology with a view to understanding disease pathogenesis, correlates of immunity to infection and the development of novel approaches to the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of viral diseases. (gla.ac.uk)
Resistance depends on the efficient sensing of the infection and mounting of antiviral responses that involve programmed death of infected cells, suppression of viral replication, inflammation and the establishment of adaptive immunity. (frontiersin.org)
The MDA5 protein plays an important role in innate immunity, the body's early, nonspecific response to foreign invaders (pathogens) such as viruses and bacteria. (medlineplus.gov)
however, the immune response to HBV vaccine is lower in patients with HIV infection than in uninfected patients, and postvaccination HBsAg must be tested to document immunity. (medscape.com)
All patients with HBV/HIV coinfection must be assessed for hepatitis A virus (HAV) immunity and vaccinated if negative. (medscape.com)

Other viruses within the NNS RNA virus order include the deadly Ebola, Hendra, and Nipah viruses (EBOV, HeV, and NiV), as well as the re-emerging measles virus (MeV). (uky.edu)
ELISA for the detection of previously detected in E. helvum bats antibodies of antibodies to Ebola viruses. (cdc.gov)
Long- bats, is required to further investigate term survival of an urban fruit bat sero- positive for Ebola and Lagos bat viruses. (cdc.gov)
Ebola Res- ton virus infection of pigs: clinical signifi - the spleens. (cdc.gov)
Fruit bats as reservoirs of Ebola virus. (cdc.gov)
It has shown an efficacy of 97.5% in preventing infection among 90,000 individuals in an active Ebola virus outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. (medscape.com)
Patients who have died of Ebola virus disease should be buried promptly and with as little contact as possible. (medscape.com)
Nucleoside analogue inhibitors of the cell-encoded enzyme S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAH) have been shown to inhibit Zaire ebolavirus replication in adult BALB/c mice infected with mouse-adapted Ebola virus. (medscape.com)
Smith and colleagues found that in rhesus macaques infected with a lethal dose of Ebola virus, treatment with interferon beta early after exposure led to a significant increase in survival time, though it did not reduce mortality significantly. (medscape.com)
[ 33 ] These findings suggest that early postexposure interferon-beta therapy may be a promising adjunct in the treatment of Ebola virus infection. (medscape.com)
Equine IgG containing high-titer neutralizing antibodies to Ebola virus protected guinea pigs and baboons but was not effective in protecting infected rhesus monkeys. (medscape.com)
In May 1995, these diseases came to worldwide attention with an outbreak of Ebola virus near the city of Kikwik, Zaire. (medscape.com)
Ebola virus. (medscape.com)
There have been five documented outbreaks of Ebola Reston virus (RESTV) in animals epidemiologically linked to the Philippines. (who.int)
Ebola Reston virus (RESTV) is one of the six virus has been hypothesized that ongoing, undetected RESTV species of the Ebola virus in the family Filoviridae. (who.int)
natural infection of Ebola virus in NHPs. (who.int)

Knowledge gaps exist with regard to the mechanisms of viral replication within hepatocytes and disease progression during chronic infection. (lancs.ac.uk)
Conclusions: High-throughput sequencing has shed new light on the pathways that may regulate HCV replication and associated pathology during chronic infection. (lancs.ac.uk)
In the life cycle of NNS viruses, viral proteins assume multi-functional roles to optimize their replication and spread. (uky.edu)
The modified virus fluoresces when it is replicating, allowing researchers to monitor the replication of viruses in thousands of cells at a time. (wikipedia.org)
One of the antiviral drugs investigated by Cameron (T-1106) causes virus replication to pause and reverse, preventing efficient replication. (wikipedia.org)
dsRNA could be formed by RNA replication intermediates, by secondary structures in RNA genomes or antigenomes, or by both. (ox.ac.uk)
During an infection, viral RNA is introduced into the cell cytoplasm so that it can be read and translated into proteins needed for viral replication. (pasteur.fr)
To counter this replication, human cells express cytoplasmic RIG-I-like receptors, which serve as the first line of defense against viral infections. (pasteur.fr)
Many human viruses utilise or suppress ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like pathways during infection, enhancing their replication. (gla.ac.uk)
Our study provides high-resolution structures of medically relevant FluPol A , as well as insights into the replication mechanisms of the viral RNA genome. (nature.com)
Interferons assist the immune response by inhibiting viral replication within host cells, activating natural killer cells, increasing antigen presentation to lymphocytes, and inducing the resistance of host cells to viral infection. (wikidoc.org)
Specifically, we are interested in uncovering common strategies used by positive-strand RNA viruses to facilitate virus replication or limit host responses to infection. (tigem.it)
In HHV-1 and HHV-2 oral infections, viral replication within the oral epithelium may cause lysis of epithelial cells, with vesicle formation. (medscape.com)
Prior to the initiation of ART, all patients who test positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) should be tested for hepatitis B virus (HBV) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) using a quantitative assay to determine the level of HBV replication. (medscape.com)

Individuals with persistent HCV and detectable HCV RNA during early chronic infection (one year [±4 months] postinfection) were included. (ox.ac.uk)

Infection during pregnancy with Zika virus, a mosquito- (range = 19-73 months), and 33 (30.3%) children with an ASD borne flavivirus, can cause birth defects and neurodevelop- diagnosis also had a family member with an ASD diagnosis. (cdc.gov)
2016-March 31, 2018, to women with laboratory evidence ranged from 1.3% to 4.6% among children aged 4 years ( 3 ) of Zika virus infection during pregnancy. (cdc.gov)
In Puerto Rico, any child who fails a standardized autism- ticipating site for the Autism and Developmental Disabilities specific screening, regardless of Zika virus exposure, receives a Monitoring Network to conduct ASD surveillance among standardized evaluation at Puerto Rico Children with Special children aged 4 and 8 years. (cdc.gov)
She is involved in developing clinical guidance for healthcare providers caring for pregnant women and women of reproductive age with possible exposure to Zika virus. (cdc.gov)
Dr. Oduyebo is also involved with the US Zika Pregnancy Registry, and provides technical assistance to support state, tribal, local and territorial health departments collecting information about pregnancy and infant outcomes following laboratory evidence of confirmed or possible Zika virus infection during pregnancy. (cdc.gov)
Dr. Berry-Bibee is a practicing OB-GYN and a guest researcher at the CDC, currently serving on CDC's Zika Virus Emergency Response on the Pregnancy and Birth Defects Task Force Contraception Access Team. (cdc.gov)
Researchers, led by scientists at the University of Colorado School of Medicine, have found basic molecular processes used by the Zika virus to "hijack" the cells that it infects and potentially how it makes molecules that are directly linked to disease. (news-medical.net)
The first of five early stage clinical trials to test the safety and ability of an investigational Zika vaccine candidate called the Zika Purified Inactivated Virus (ZPIV) vaccine to generate an immune system response has begun at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Clinical Trial Center in Silver Spring, Maryland. (news-medical.net)
In a study that could one day help eliminate the tragic birth defects caused by Zika virus, scientists from the Florida campus of The Scripps Research Institute have elucidated how the virus attacks the brains of newborns, information that could accelerate the development of treatments. (news-medical.net)
A Biosecurity Research Institute study has found important results in the fight against Zika virus: Culex mosquitoes do not appear to transmit Zika virus. (news-medical.net)
For the first time, abnormal brain development following a Zika infection during pregnancy has been documented experimentally in the offspring of a non-human primate. (news-medical.net)
Stopping the explosive spread of Zika virus - which can lead to birth defects in babies born to infected mothers - depends on genetic insights gleaned through new tools and models. (news-medical.net)
The sudden emergence of the Zika virus epidemic in Latin America in 2015-16 has caught the scientific world unawares. (news-medical.net)
Saint Louis University's Center for Vaccine Development is studying an investigational vaccine for yellow fever, a potentially deadly disease that is spread by the same mosquito that transmits Zika virus. (news-medical.net)
The rapid development of a safe and effective vaccine to prevent the Zika virus (ZIKV) is a global priority, as infection in pregnant women has been shown to lead to fetal microcephaly and other major birth defects. (news-medical.net)
This pocket is also found in other human pathogenic viruses transmitted by different mosquitoes, such as the Zika and chikungunya viruses. (pasteur.fr)
A viral disease transmitted by the bite of Aedes mosquitoes infected with Zika Virus. (bvsalud.org)
The Zika virus is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito of the genus Aedes , mainly Aedes aegypti . (bvsalud.org)
Transmission associated with blood transfusion is possible, since the RNA of Zika virus was identified in asymptomatic blood donors during a current surge. (bvsalud.org)
There is strong evidence of a possible association of infection by Zika virus in pregnant women in Brazil and the occurrence of microcephaly in newborn infants. (bvsalud.org)
About 1 in 5 people infected with the Zika virus become symptomatic. (bvsalud.org)
Based on the typical clinical features, differential diagnosis for infection by Zika virus is widespread. (bvsalud.org)
There is no vaccine and no specific antiviral treatment available for the condition of the Zika virus. (bvsalud.org)
The fact that the species of Aedes mosquitoes that transmit the Zika virus are found throughout the world, it is likely that the outbreak from spreading to other countries. (bvsalud.org)

This publication shows that some immune receptors that detect the presence of viral RNA are also activated by RNA produced by our cells, potentially enabling cells to react more quickly to infection. (pasteur.fr)
Investigating the presence of viral RNA and the associated inflammatory response in skin biopsies from vaccinated volunteers, this research contributes to understanding the potential connection between rash occurrence and a tetravalent neutralizing antibody response. (uvm.edu)

Parainfluenza virus and human metapneumovirus can produce symptomatic maternal infections however don't trigger intrauterine fetal an infection. (hudsen.org)
Studies that enrolled ≥ 65-year-old patients who had symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and were treated with favipiravir are discussed here. (springer.com)
Children under 6 months of age, persons with immune deficiencies or on immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory therapies, persons with allergies to egg proteins, thymus disorders, malignant neoplasms, transplant recipients, and persons with symptomatic HIV infection should not get the Yellow Fever vaccine. (iamat.org)
Data from studies were extracted into evidence tables on risk of infection, severity of disease and mortality and organized by asymptomatic, pre-symptomatic, symptomatic, recurrent or reinfection, as well as culture versus RT-PCR and sample source (e.g. respiratory, fecal, etc. (canada.ca)

The present study aimed to explore the regulation of gene expression during chronic HCV infection in liver biopsy samples. (lancs.ac.uk)
One of these newly uncovered roles for viral matrix proteins involves the regulation of viral RNA synthesis. (uky.edu)
Besides their canonical roles in translation, tRNAs also originate tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNAs with regulatory functions ranging from translation regulation to gene expression control and cellular stress response. (mdpi.com)
In the canonical model, IFN regulation, after RNA virus infection, is conducted by IRF-3 and IRF-7. (biomedcentral.com)
RNA epitranscriptomics: Regulation of infection of RNA and DNA viruses by N 6 -methyladenosine (m 6 A). (bvsalud.org)

Y RNAs are conserved endogenous RIG-I ligands across RNA virus infection and are targeted by HIV-1. (pasteur.fr)
Here, we characterize the landscape of endogenous ligands that engage RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) upon infection by different RNA viruses. (pasteur.fr)
It was previously believed that these receptors were only sensitive to viral RNA, but this new study shows that cells are capable of producing endogenous RNA molecules that are also able to activate the receptors. (pasteur.fr)
The structure of this endogenous RNA mimics viral RNA so that it can be recognized by RIG-I receptors. (pasteur.fr)
The results of the study also show that endogenous RNAs are always present in cells but that they do not normally bind to RIG-I receptors and are only detected after the onset of a viral infection. (pasteur.fr)
The detailed mechanisms have not yet been elucidated, but it seems that the presence of the virus interferes in certain cellular biochemical pathways that determine the immunogenicity of endogenous RNAs, in other words their ability to trigger an immune response. (pasteur.fr)
When the cell is infected, it modifies processes that lead to the expression of endogenous RNAs, making them capable of binding to RIG-I receptors. (pasteur.fr)
It is therefore an active process in which the host reacts to viral presence in its cells and uses endogenous RNA to induce an immune response. (pasteur.fr)

Antiviral RNA interference responses induced by Semliki Forest virus infection of mosquito cells: characterization, origin, and frequency-dependent functions of virus-derived small interfering RNAs. (ox.ac.uk)
RNA interference (RNAi) is an important mosquito defense mechanism against arbovirus infection. (ox.ac.uk)
In particular, the RNA interference (RNAi) pathways are of notable significance for the control of viral infections. (mdpi.com)

In the sylvatic cycle , Yellow Fever is transmitted by mosquitoes that bite infected monkeys passing the infection to humans living in or visiting jungle areas. (iamat.org)
In the intermediate or savannah cycle , the infection is transmitted to humans via mosquitoes that bite infected monkeys or other humans living or working in jungle border areas in Africa. (iamat.org)
Rift Valley fever virus, transmitted by mosquitoes, is responsible for outbreaks in livestock in Africa and can also be fatal in humans. (pasteur.fr)
The virus also causes severe disease in humans who come into contact with contaminated animals or who are bitten by infected mosquitoes, resulting in severe encephalitis and hemorrhagic fever that can prove fatal. (pasteur.fr)
These results suggest that the innate immune response to viruses differs significantly between pangolins and other mammals, including humans. (frontiersin.org)
Nonetheless, many other viral infections can affect the oral cavity in humans, either as localized or systemic infections. (medscape.com)
Chlamydia are bacteria that cause disease in humans, including sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and infections of the eyes and respiratory tract. (msdmanuals.com)
Nonhuman primates and humans are probably the main reservoirs of the virus, and anthroponotic transmission (man-vector-man) occurs during outbreaks. (bvsalud.org)
Although RESTV has been identified in humans, there was no death or illness attributed to the infection. (who.int)
Although three filoviruses have been identified in result in the emergence of more pathogenic viruses in animals in Asia, 3,4 RESTV is the only filovirus isolated humans and/or livestock. (who.int)

Further, we found that HIV-1 triggered a VPR-dependent downregulation of RNA triphosphatase DUSP11 in vitro and in vivo, inducing a transcriptome-wide change of cellular RNA 5′-triphosphorylation that licenses Y RNA immunogenicity. (pasteur.fr)

Because of the high rate of asymptomatic infection with these viruses, information about the prevalence of these diseases is needed to monitor prevention efforts. (cdc.gov)
Most infections are asymptomatic - persons do not exhibit symptoms. (iamat.org)

The RNA molecules bind to these receptors, triggering defense mechanisms in the innate immune system to tackle the infection. (pasteur.fr)
This research offers new keys to understanding RNA virus infections and the innate immune response to them. (pasteur.fr)
Previous research has shown that infection with coronaviruses activates an innate immune response upon sensing of viral RNA by interferon-induced with helicase C domain 1 (IFIH1), also known as MDA5. (frontiersin.org)

For most NNS RNA viruses, the attachment protein is important for the tethering of a viral membrane to host cells, while the fusion protein is responsible for the membrane merger of the virus and host. (uky.edu)
One of the key players during the course of infection is the matrix protein (M). The matrix protein has been identified as a master regulator of viral infection with most studies focusing on its roles in late-stage infection, during assembly and budding of viral progeny. (uky.edu)
Interestingly, some recent studies show that the matrix protein has other critical roles in viral infection such as immune modulation and host cell translation antagonism. (uky.edu)
Phosphorylation of the plant encoded, double-stranded (dsRNA)-dependent protein kinase (pPKR) is significantly enhanced over basal levels during early phases of virus and viroid infection. (elsevierpure.com)
We now show that virus infection differentially effects pPKR protein levels. (elsevierpure.com)
However, ribosome-associated pPKR protein levels from virus infected tissues decreased approximately 4-fold relative to levels in extracts from mock inoculated tissues. (elsevierpure.com)
Langland, J , Langland, L & Roth, D 1998, ' Differential localization and accumulation of the plant double stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase during virus infection ', Plant Physiology and Biochemistry , vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 395-400. (elsevierpure.com)
In the homologous protein of the chikungunya virus, the scientists pinpointed one of the residues of the recognition pocket as amino acid 226. (pasteur.fr)
Likewise, Z-DNA-binding protein (ZBP1), which senses both Z-DNA and Z-RNA, has been lost during the evolution of pangolins. (frontiersin.org)
Stimulation of TLRs (Toll-Like Receptors) by a pathogen induces activation of signal transduction cascades, which leads to translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) to the nucleus [ 1 ], activation of interferon regulatory factors 3/7 (IRF3/7) and/or activator protein-1 (AP-1), which cooperate to induce transcription of various cytokines such as alpha/beta interferon (IFN-α/β) to counteract infection [ 2 - 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition to mechanistically delineating the functions of Atlastins in flavivirus infection, we uncovered a novel role for one member of this protein family in cellular retrograde vesicle trafficking. (tigem.it)
In particular, the protein recognizes a molecule called double-stranded RNA (a chemical cousin of DNA), which certain viruses, including rhinovirus, RSV, and the flu virus, have as their genetic material or produce when they infect cells and copy (replicate) themselves. (medlineplus.gov)
When the MDA5 protein recognizes pieces of viral RNA inside the cell, it helps turn on the production of immune system proteins called interferons. (medlineplus.gov)
Deficiency of MDA5 protein activity reduces interferon production in response to RNA-containing viruses. (medlineplus.gov)

During the infectious cycle, viral surface glycoproteins play critical roles in establishing infection. (uky.edu)
As an Honorary Consultant in Infectious Diseases, my research focuses on the epidemiology of influenza and other respiratory viruses in the UK and sub-Saharan Africa including COVID-19. (gla.ac.uk)
Species that tolerate infections can carry a high burden of infectious agents, and therefore may be important reservoirs for transmissions to other species. (frontiersin.org)
HHV-4, also known as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), causes the primary infection infectious mononucleosis , and it is implicated in various diseases, such as African Burkitt lymphoma , other immunoproliferative disorders, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. (medscape.com)

Despite their public impact, there are currently very limited available FDA-approved therapeutics and antivirals against NNS RNA viruses. (uky.edu)
To study the mechanism of action of ribavirin-based antivirals, Cameron developed an analytical assay that could monitor whether ribavirin could incorporate into viral RNA. (wikipedia.org)
However, it is a last-resort medication to treat the novel or re-emerging influenza viruses that are resistant to certain antivirals, like oseltamivir [ 1 ]. (springer.com)

Sensing of Y RNAs was dependent on their mimicking of viral secondary structure and their 5′-triphosphate extremity. (pasteur.fr)

Enterovirus infections affect many parts of the body and may be caused by any of several different viral strains. (msdmanuals.com)

They may be primary or recurrent infections. (medscape.com)
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and the influenza (flu) virus may also cause recurrent infections in affected individuals. (medlineplus.gov)

However, influenza A virus (IAV) infection releases virulent pneumococci from biofilms in vitro and in vivo. (lu.se)

Therefore, tolerance to infections has evolved as an alternative response of many hosts to specific pathogens ( 6 , 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
Exposure to hepatitis viruses has long been recognized as an occupational risk for health care personnel (HCP), and recommendations previously were established for managing occupational exposures to bloodborne pathogens, including hepatitis C virus (HCV) ( 1 ) (Supplementary Figure, https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/90288 ). (cdc.gov)
Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can result in immunosuppression, allowing opportunistic pathogens to cause disease. (medscape.com)

This agreement marks a significant step forward in Atriva's commitment to combating severe RNA virus infections through innovative host-cell-targeting therapies. (bigcountryhomepage.com)
Together, we aim to address the urgent medical need for safe and effective therapies for patients suffering from severe RNA virus infections. (bigcountryhomepage.com)
MDA5 deficiency is a disorder of the immune system (immunodeficiency) that leads to recurrent, severe infections of the lungs and airways (respiratory tract) beginning in infancy. (medlineplus.gov)
A lack of the important early immune response stimulated by interferons leads to severe viral infections in infants with MDA5 deficiency. (medlineplus.gov)

Improved understanding of natural history of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA levels in chronic infection provides enhanced insights into immunopathogenesis of HCV and has implications for the clinical management of chronic HCV infection. (ox.ac.uk)
Developing high throughput methods for generating and analysing virus genomic sequences from clinical samples. (gla.ac.uk)
This report establishes new CDC guidance that includes recommendations for a testing algorithm and clinical management for HCP with potential occupational exposure to hepatitis C virus (HCV). (cdc.gov)
Health care providers can use this guidance to update their procedures for postexposure testing and clinical management of HCP potentially exposed to hepatitis C virus. (cdc.gov)
Herpesviruses establish latent permanent infections in their hosts, although clinical signs of disease may not be detected. (medscape.com)
Treatment of HIV infection may improve the virologic, histologic, and clinical evolution of chronic HBV infection. (medscape.com)

Scientists from the Institut Pasteur and the CNRS, working with the University of Göttingen, have characterized the mechanism used by the virus to insert one of its envelope proteins into the host cell membrane, thereby enabling it to infect the cell. (pasteur.fr)
Scientists in the Structural Virology Unit (Institut Pasteur/CNRS) directed by Félix Rey, in collaboration with the University of Göttingen, characterized the mechanism used by the virus to insert one of its surface proteins into the host cell membrane and drive fusion. (pasteur.fr)
This study offers a further illustration of the power of comparative analyses of viruses that appear very distant, such as bunyaviruses, alphaviruses and flaviviruses, which can result in highly significant findings and reveal shared mechanisms of action ," commented Félix Rey, Head of the Structural Virology Unit (Institut Pasteur/CNRS), where the study was carried out. (pasteur.fr)

We applied high-throughput RNA-Seq technology to provide a more complete overview of the interactions between HCV and the host. (lancs.ac.uk)

Qualitative determination of the human antibody directed against hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) in human serum or plasma is measured using direct solid-phase enzyme immunoassay with the anti-HCV screening ELISA. (cdc.gov)
characterized by sustained disappearance of serum HCV RNA and normalization of liver enzymes. (cdc.gov)
Urine and serum samples from patients with confirmed CHIKV infections from an endemic area (Aruba) and from ITM will be analyzed. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Endpoints: diagnostic sensitivity of CHIKV RT-PCR on urine samples in patients with a confirmed CHIKV infection, comparison of analytical sensitivity (based on Ct-values) with RT-PCR on serum, positivity rates of RT-PCR urine samples over time Ethical issues: Informed consent will be obtained from study participants. (clinicaltrials.gov)
In 1917, a 12-year-old with features suggestive of MVEV infection recovered after receiving immune serum. (mja.com.au)
The laboratory diagnosis is usually performed by testing the plasma or serum to detect the virus, viral nucleic acid or virus specific immunoglobulin M and neutralizing antibodies. (bvsalud.org)

Cells therefore have defense mechanisms that they trigger themselves to ward off infection. (pasteur.fr)

Cameron developed a microfluidic device that allowed him to simultaneously monitor thousands of cells infected with viruses. (wikipedia.org)
Interferons (IFNs) are natural proteins produced by the cells of the immune system of most vertebrates in response to challenges by foreign agents such as viruses , parasites and tumor cells. (wikidoc.org)
Interferons are produced by a wide variety of cells in response to the presence of double-stranded RNA , a key indicator of viral infection. (wikidoc.org)
As the original cell dies from the cytolytic RNA virus , these thousands of viruses will infect nearby cells. (wikidoc.org)
X-chromosome Inactivation silences one X-chromosome in female cells, and this process is initiated and maintained by the long noncoding RNA Xist. (upenn.edu)
RVF virus spreads in its host by fusing with cell membranes so that it can proliferate and infect other cells. (pasteur.fr)
Understanding the mechanism used by these viruses for insertion in the cell membrane paves the way for the development of therapeutic agents that target the "pocket" involved in the fusion of viral and cell membranes with the aim of preventing pathogenic arboviruses from entering host cells. (pasteur.fr)
Our lab employs complementary expertise in molecular virology and cell biology to investigate mechanisms at the interface between viruses and their host cells. (tigem.it)
Oxidant tone regulates RANTES gene expression in airway epithelial cells infected with respiratory syncytial virus. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Differential response of dendritic cells to human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus. (microbiologyresearch.org)
[ 5 , 6 ] In a localized primary infection, the virus penetrates the mucosal epithelium and invades the cells of the basal layer, where the viral DNA inserts into the host DNA. (medscape.com)
We used whole-transcriptome shotgun sequencing (RNA-seq) to compare the S. pneumoniae transcriptome in biofilms, bacteria dispersed from biofilms after exposure to IAV, febrile-range temperature, or ATP, and planktonic cells grown at 37°C. Compared with biofilm. (lu.se)
We used whole-transcriptome shotgun sequencing (RNA-seq) to compare the S. pneumoniae transcriptome in biofilms, bacteria dispersed from biofilms after exposure to IAV, febrile-range temperature, or ATP, and planktonic cells grown at 37°C. Compared with biofilm bacteria, actively dispersed S. pneumoniae, which were more virulent in invasive disease, upregulated genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism. (lu.se)

RNA viruses, which include influenza viruses , SARS-CoV-2 (which causes COVID-19 ) and HIV , are one of the major threats that the immune system has to deal with. (pasteur.fr)
Favipiravir (Avigan™, T-705, 6-fluoro-3-hydroxy-2-pyrazinecarboxamide) was approved in Japan in 2014 against emerging influenza viruses. (springer.com)

This dissertation encompasses original research on adaptive immune responses triggered by natural viral infections caused by NoV and SARS-CoV-2, as well as an exploration of the rash side effect associated with the TV003 DENV vaccine through the detection of viral RNA. (uvm.edu)
11 It is also possible that prior immunisation with yellow fever virus or JEV vaccine may induce cross-reactive antibodies. (mja.com.au)

In summary, this dissertation seeks to address knowledge gaps in the field of immune responses to three distinct RNA viruses, offering insights into the adaptive immune processes triggered by natural viral infections and vaccination, and their implications for the emergence of viral variants. (uvm.edu)

Although initially thought to be solely a membrane anchor, the transmembrane domains of several viruses have been shown to be important for the functionality of fusion proteins. (uky.edu)
The matrix proteins of many enveloped viruses have been shown to associate in high order oligomers to form a grid- like array underneath the plasma membrane, where they can induce membrane curvature to allow for the budding of viral particles. (uky.edu)
Using a limited number of proteins, viruses can subvert host cell processes to suit their needs, often resulting in a complete reorganization of cellular membrane compartments. (tigem.it)
Our current work is focused on evaluating the roles host membrane proteins have in facilitating positive-strand RNA virus infection. (tigem.it)

This study assessed factors associated with HCV RNA levels during early chronic infection in a population with well-defined early chronic HCV infection. (ox.ac.uk)

In addition, NHANES provides the means to better define the epidemiology of other hepatitis viruses. (cdc.gov)

He went on to demonstrate that ribavirin works by creating extreme mutation within viruses that forces them into genetic melt down. (wikipedia.org)
Scientists have identified a new "multicomponent" virus -- one containing different segments of genetic material in separate particles -- that can infect animals, according to research published today in the journal Cell Host & Microbe. (news-medical.net)
Qualitative RT-PCR for HCV RNA Test to detect HCV RNA by amplification of viral genetic sequences. (cdc.gov)
Quantitative assays for HCV RNA Tests to detect HCV RNA concentration (viral load) by amplification of viral genetic sequences or by signal amplification. (cdc.gov)
Another subset of viruses has DNA as their genetic material. (medlineplus.gov)
The presence of RESTV in pigs poses a possibility of genetic evolution of the virus. (who.int)

characterized by detection of HCV RNA greater than or equal to 6 months after newly acquired infection. (cdc.gov)

HPV infections have received particular attention in recent years, as high-risk strains have been linked to some cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma. (medscape.com)
Treatment of HBV infection alone without addressing the HIV infection will lead to emergence of HIV strains that are resistant to nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI). (medscape.com)

Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a widespread pathogen and is a NNS RNA virus. (uky.edu)
HMPV results respiratory tract infections and is particularly dangerous for preterm infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. (uky.edu)

New immunization strategies have been developed to eliminate the spread of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) in the United States. (cdc.gov)

Afin de définir l'épidémiologie de la maladie, une surveillance sentinelle a été mise en place en 2001 dans cinq hôpitaux de différentes régions du pays. (who.int)

The 12 distinct enveloped RNA viruses that cause most viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) cases are members of 4 families: Arenaviridae, Bunyaviridae, Filoviridae, and Flaviviridae. (medscape.com)

Microorganisms are tiny living creatures, such as bacteria and viruses. (msdmanuals.com)
Bejel, yaws (frambesia), and pinta are infections caused by Treponema , which are spiral-shaped bacteria called spirochetes. (msdmanuals.com)

Potential mechanisms of fetal safety from maternal viral infections are additionally mentioned. (hudsen.org)
Infections usually become less frequent with age in people with MDA5 deficiency, as the body's immune system matures and develops other mechanisms for fighting viruses. (medlineplus.gov)

Here we used deep sequencing of viRNAs and bioinformatic analysis of RNA secondary structures to gain insights into the characteristics and origins of viRNAs. (ox.ac.uk)
Chapter IV provides insights into the etiology of the rash induced by live attenuated DENV vaccines and challenge viruses. (uvm.edu)

Our work places the ER remodeling system as a central component for flavivirus infection and spread. (tigem.it)

Urban demographic expansion, deforestation and agricultural settlements in peri-urban areas, are known causes of the increase in the probability of concurrent infection of these two diseases. (who.int)
Diseases caused by RNA VIRUSES. (bvsalud.org)

Further, the level of cytosolic-associated pPKR capable of binding to dsRNA declined during early TMV infection events suggesting that vital dsRNA's bind to pPKR in the cytosol during initial phases of pathogenesis. (elsevierpure.com)
The production of virus-derived small interfering RNAs (viRNAs) from viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is a key event in this host response. (ox.ac.uk)

Studying virus entry using a multidisciplinary toolkit encompassing basic virology, computational/mathematical analysis, structural biology, and advanced microscopy. (gla.ac.uk)

Factors associated with hepatitis C virus RNA levels in early chronic infection: the InC3 study. (ox.ac.uk)
Distribution of HCV RNA levels during early chronic infection was compared by selected host and virological factors. (ox.ac.uk)
In conclusion, this study demonstrated that IFNL4 rs12979860 CC genotype, male sex, HIV co-infection and HCV genotype G2 are associated with high HCV RNA levels in early chronic infection. (ox.ac.uk)

An immune receptor normally known for identifying viral RNA is also capable of binding to cellular RNA to induce immune defenses. (pasteur.fr)
My group apply the techniques of elecrton-cryomicroscopy and image analysis to the study of viruses, providing an exciting opportunity to visualise the process of virus infection at cellular scale and at macromoleculr resolution. (gla.ac.uk)

Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules contain various post-transcriptional modifications that are crucial for tRNA stability, translation efficiency, and fidelity. (mdpi.com)

Anatomy2

Organisms19

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs16

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Phenomena and Processes10

Information Science1

Polymerase6

SARS-CoV-2 RNA2

Acute12

Dengue10

Response to RNA viruses1

Inhibits6

Immunity11

Ebola16

Replication14

Detectable1

Zika24

Presence of viral2

Symptomatic4

Regulation5

Endogenous8

Interference3

Humans10

Immunogenicity1

Asymptomatic2

Innate3

Protein14

Infectious4

Antivirals3

Mimicking of viral1

Enterovirus1

Recurrent infections2

Vitro and in vivo1

Pathogens3

Severe4

Clinical6

Institut Pasteur3

High-throughput1

Serum6

Defense1

Cells13

Influenza viruses2

Vaccine2

Immune responses1

Proteins4

Chronic HCV infection1

Epidemiology1

Genetic6

Detection1

Strains2

HMPV2

Immunization1

20011

Distinct1

Bacteria2

Mechanisms2

Insights2

Flavivirus infection1

Diseases2

DsRNA2

Virology1

Early chronic infection3

Cellular2

Molecules1