tRNA
- Transfer RNA (tRNA) , small molecule in cells that carries amino acids to organelles called ribosomes , where they are linked into proteins . (britannica.com)
- By 1960 the involvement of tRNAs in the assembly of proteins was demonstrated by several scientists, including American biochemist Robert William Holley , who also developed techniques to separate different transfer RNAs from cells and determined the composition of the tRNA that incorporates the amino acid alanine into protein molecules. (britannica.com)
- Transfer RNA (tRNA) carries individual amino acids into the ribosome for assembly into the growing polypeptide chain. (britannica.com)
- A transfer RNA (abbreviated tRNA and formerly referred to as sRNA , for soluble RNA ) is an adaptor molecule composed of RNA , typically 76 to 90 nucleotides in length, that serves as the physical link between the mRNA and the amino acid sequence of proteins. (wikipedia.org)
- tRNA does this by carrying an amino acid to the protein synthetic machinery of a cell ( ribosome ) as directed by a three-nucleotide sequence ( codon ) in a messenger RNA (mRNA). (wikipedia.org)
- If the tRNA's anticodon matches the mRNA, another tRNA already bound to the ribosome transfers the growing polypeptide chain from its 3' end to the amino acid attached to the 3' end of the newly delivered tRNA, a reaction catalyzed by the ribosome. (wikipedia.org)
- While transcription-associated mutagenesis (TAM) has been demonstrated for protein-coding genes, its implications in shaping genome structure at transfer RNA (tRNA) loci in metazoans have not been fully appreciated. (pnas.org)
- Transfer RNA, or tRNA, is responsible for decoding another type of RNA, messenger RNA or mRNA, in order to carry out the process of protein synthesis. (reference.com)
- There are three types of RNA, or ribonucleic acid, which carry out this function: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). (reference.com)
- An anticodon is part of a transfer RNA molecule abbreviated tRNA for short. (reference.com)
- Here we will examine the structures of transfer RNA and seryl-tRNA synthetase, as well as the interactive complex they form with eachother during translation. (kenyon.edu)
- Although in the modern system protein enzymes play the sole role in tRNA aminoacylation, in the primitive translation system RNA molecules could have catalysed aminoacylation onto tRNA or tRNA-like molecules. (nih.gov)
- The RNAs involved began to be known as transfer RNAs (tRNAs), and the activating enzymes came to be known as aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. (asmscience.org)
- This approach, together with RNA synthesis, for investigation of the sequence-dependent aminoacylation of RNA oligonucleotides in vitro has proved most useful for studying aminoacyl tRNA synthetases-tRNA recognitions in vivo. (asmscience.org)
- In large model axons, such as the goldfish Mauthner axon and the squid giant axon, axoplasmic RNA includes the main cytoplasmic species, that is, tRNA, rRNA, and mRNA. (thefreelibrary.com)
- short-chain RNA molecules present in cells in at least 20 varieties, each variety is capable of combining with a specific amino acid (see aminoacyl-tRNA). (thefreedictionary.com)
- When a molecule of transfer RNA is linked to the amino acid corresponding to its anticodon it becomes aminoacyl-tRNA. (thefreedictionary.com)
- tRNA-ALA is a mitochondrial noncoding gene that produces the nucleic acid adaptor molecule transfer RNA (tRNA). (cags.org.ae)
- The compounds are formed from amino acids, ATP and transfer RNA, a reaction catalyzed by aminoacyl tRNA synthetase. (curehunter.com)
- Computer artwork of the double helix of tRNA (transfer ribonucleic acid), formed by spiralling paired strands of sugar phosphates, linked by nucleotide base pairs. (sciencephoto.com)
- Posttranscriptional modifications of transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are critical for all core aspects of tRNA function, such as folding, stability, and decoding. (nih.gov)
- Specifically, this tRNA is responsible for the transfer of the amino acid leucine to its correct position during mitochondrial protein translation. (cags.org.ae)
- This complex consists of the ribonuclease Z (RNase Z, green and pink) enzyme bound to a transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule (orange and blue). (sciencephoto.com)
- tRNA is RNA that transfers a specific active amino acid to a growing polypeptide chain at the site of protein synthesis during gene translation. (sciencephoto.com)
- Computer model showing the molecular structure of a ribonuclease Z (RNase Z, blue) enzyme bound to a transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule (red). (sciencephoto.com)
- Of the thousands of RNAs so far identified, transfer RNA (tRNA) is the most direct intermediary between genes and proteins. (phys.org)
- Like many other RNAs (ribonucleic acids), tRNA aids in translating genes into the chains of amino acids that make up proteins. (phys.org)
- In order to successfully add its amino acid to the end of a growing protein, tRNA must also accurately read a coded segment of messenger RNA, which gives instructions for the exact sequence of amino acids in the protein. (phys.org)
tRNAs
- Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are a central component for the biological synthesis of proteins, and they are among the most highly conserved and frequently transcribed genes in all living things. (pnas.org)
- Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are essential to protein synthesis across all of life. (pnas.org)
- Among them, a set of RNA sequences, referred to as flexizymes (Fxs), discovered in our laboratory are able to charge amino acids onto tRNAs. (nih.gov)
- a ) RNA pool for in vitro selection of catalytic precursor tRNAs. (nih.gov)
- The tRNAs (with their amino acids attached) translate the sequence of codons in messenger RNA into a sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide. (thefreedictionary.com)
ribonucleic
- RNase is a type of nuclease that catalyses the degradation of RNA (ribonucleic acid) into smaller components in preparation for other genetic processes. (sciencephoto.com)
soluble
- The fundamental concept arose that the specificity in protein synthesis was primarily governed by the loading of every amino acid onto a "cognate" soluble RNA by an enzyme specific for that amino acid. (asmscience.org)
Anticodon
- The anticodon region is where the anticodon triplet base-pairs with the codon triplet of the messenger RNA. (kenyon.edu)
- a kind of RNA that carries an anticodon (three nucleotide bases) and a specific amino acid. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Each anticodon is complementary to a specific codon in the messenger RNA. (thefreedictionary.com)
- At the end of one arm is an ANTICODON , complementary to the codon for an amino acid in MESSENGER RNA . (thefreedictionary.com)
- One of the arms of the cloverleaf, the 'anticodon arm', contains the anticodon with three bases complementary to the codon on MESSENGER RNA . (thefreedictionary.com)
synthesis
- A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying histidine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis. (jove.com)
- Which enzyme is responsible for RNA synthesis? (reference.com)
- RNA synthesis is performed by an enzyme called RNA polymerase. (reference.com)
- Synthesis begins when the RNA polymerase approaches the promoter gene, produces a single-str. (reference.com)
- These results suggested that the increased rate of synthesis, delivery, or both, of [[H.sup.RNA to the axon perfusate was mediated by the release of one or more neurotransmitters from the depolarized axon that activated receptors in the glial plasma membrane. (thefreelibrary.com)
- One of a class of RNA molecules that transport amino acids to ribosomes for incorporation into a polypeptide undergoing synthesis. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Transfer RNA carries amino acid groups to ribosomes for protein synthesis. (sciencephoto.com)
rRNA
- messenger RNA (mRNA) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). (britannica.com)
adaptor
- Also called adaptor RNA . (thefreedictionary.com)
alanine
- Peaks attributable to dihydrouracil and the methyl groups of the methylated bases are detected in the spectra of unfractionated transfer RNA and alanine transfer RNA. (sciencemag.org)
genome
- Subsequently, in a poorly understood process, the viral RNA genome is transferred directly across an endosomal membrane, and into the host cell cytoplasm, to initiate infection. (asm.org)
aminoacylation
- The RNA origin of transfer RNA aminoacylation and beyond. (nih.gov)
Origin
- The above data have led us to question the cellular origin of axonal and presynaptic RNAs, often located at considerable distances from the neuronal soma. (thefreelibrary.com)
vitro
- Even though such RNA enzymes so far are not identified from known organisms, in vitro selection has generated such RNA catalysts from a pool of random RNA sequences. (nih.gov)
- d ) Doped RNA pool for in vitro selection of the second generation of prototype flexizyme. (nih.gov)
- f ) Doped RNA pool for in vitro selection of dFx, eFx and aFx that recognize aromatic leaving groups. (nih.gov)
NaCl
- I use upward capillary transfer with NaCl/NaOH-containing transfer buffer, stack of paper towels and 400g weight above it. (protocol-online.org)
- The temperature dependence of the areas under the proton magnetic resonance spectra of unfractionated yeast transfer RNA in 1.0 molar NaCl is a consequence of salt-induced aggregation and does not constitute a monitor of the melting of secondary molecular structure. (sciencemag.org)
observations
- The implications of these observations for the mechanism of RNase-protected RNA transfer in picornaviruses are discussed. (asm.org)
membrane
- After overnight transfer of RNA from formaldehyde-containing agarose gel to the nitrocellulose membrane I always observe a "blind" spot at the middle of membrane with bromfenol blue lanes at the edges. (protocol-online.org)
- It means that the transfer of RNA samples loaded to the central gel pockets is not so effective as for "side" samples (it was confirmed both by DIG-labeling system and using of radiolabeled probes: samples at the edges of membrane looked much brighter than samples loaded to the 3-4 pockets located at the middle of gel). (protocol-online.org)
specific
- The 5′-leader ribozyme recognizes a specific amino acid and self-charges to the 3′-end of RNA. (nih.gov)
known
- The presence of RNA in axons has been known for nearly 40 years (1). (thefreelibrary.com)
function
- What is the function of transfer RNA? (reference.com)
- Biosynthesis and function of posttranscriptional modifications of transfer RNAs. (nih.gov)
form
- In total, 651 subtomographic volumes were aligned, classified, and averaged to obtain detailed pictures, showing both the conversion of virus into its expanded form and the passage of RNA into intact liposomes. (asm.org)
data
- The transfer RNA data matches our earlier data," Caetano-Anollés said. (phys.org)