Rna primer. Medical search. Frequent questions

Enzyme Primase synthesizes short stretches of RNA primers for replication. (geneticeducation.co.in)
The primers are synthesized by a DNA dependent RNA polymerase enzyme called primase-the product of the dna G gene in E. coli . (blogspot.com)
About once every second, primase catalyzes the synthesis of a short RNA primer using this single-stranded DNA as a template. (blogspot.com)
Primase adds an RNA primer to help initiate DNA replication. (varsitytutors.com)

So the RNA primer provides a single-stranded complementary strand with a free 3'-OH end for DNA polymerase. (geneticeducation.co.in)
Once the RNA primer finds the complementary location, DNA polymerase starts strand elongation by adding nucleotides. (geneticeducation.co.in)
After successful completion of replication, another polymerase with an exonuclease activity finds the RNA primer, removes it and fills the gap with complementary nucleotides. (geneticeducation.co.in)
A set of DNA primers (forward and reverse primers) has been used for the amplification of sense and complementary antisense strands during PCR. (geneticeducation.co.in)
The RNA-primed synthesis of DNA demonstrating the template function of the complementary strand parental DNA . (online-sciences.com)
In Caenorhabditis elegans , RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRPs) are used for the small RNA-guided production of additional small RNAs 8 that are complementary to terminally modified mRNA fragments 9 . (nature.com)
Placement of the primer tRNA(Lys)3 involves binding of its 3'-terminal 18 nt to a complementary region of genomic RNA termed PBS. (neb.com)
These RNA primers are complementary to the lagging strand template. (blogspot.com)
The synthesis of DNA from an RNA template, via reverse transcription, results in complementary DNA (cDNA). (handlebar-online.com)
Reverse transcription is the synthesis of a complementary DNA sequence from an RNA template using reverse transcriptase, which is an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. (medscape.com)
Finally, nucleotides complementary to the target DNA are added extending each primer by the thermostable DNA polymerase. (medscape.com)

Note that both primers are synthesized by the same polymerase enzyme. (geneticeducation.co.in)
A long noncoding RNA from humans appeared to help the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase work better in a mouse model of phenylketonuria, the disorder characterized by reduced activity of that enzyme. (the-scientist.com)
This enzyme reduces background ligation because it can only use adenylated primers (4-5). (neb.com)
200 units is defined as the amount of enzyme required to give 80% ligation of a 31-mer RNA to the pre-adenylated end of a 17-mer DNA Universal miRNA Cloning Linker (#S1315) in a total reaction volume of 20 µl in 1 hour at 25°C. (neb.com)
is a DNA poly enzyme that transcribes single stranded RNA into double stranded DNA. (flashcardmachine.com)
The Luna WarmStart RT Enzyme Mix is supplied at 20X concentration and contains Luna WarmStart Reverse Transcriptase as well as Murine RNase Inhibitor to aid in preventing RNA degradation (see also template preparation in product manual). (neb.com)
Perform cDNA synthesis Reverse transcription reactions involve three main steps: primer annealing, DNA polymerization, and enzyme deactivation. (handlebar-online.com)
Reverse-transcriptase enzyme was used to convert extracted RNA into cDNA using reverse transcriptase cDNA synthesis kit (MMLV RT 1st-Strand cDNA synthesis kit, Korea) following the protocol provided by the manufacturer. (bvsalud.org)

A cell uses an RNA primer to conduct replication. (geneticeducation.co.in)
RNA primers play a crucial role during the initiation of replication. (geneticeducation.co.in)
Now the question is, why do we need RNA polymerase during replication? (geneticeducation.co.in)
Detailed replication investigation suggests that two types of RNA primers have been used. (geneticeducation.co.in)
Another reason is that no DNA polymerase can synthesize DNA primer (as they do not have a free 3' OH end) and thus only an RNA primer exists for a cell for replication initiation. (geneticeducation.co.in)
RNA-catalyzed RNA replication is widely believed to have supported a primordial biology. (elifesciences.org)
However, RNA catalysis is dependent upon RNA folding, and this yields structures that can block replication of such RNAs. (elifesciences.org)
To address this apparent paradox, we have re-examined the building blocks used for RNA replication. (elifesciences.org)
The triplets cooperatively invaded and unraveled even highly stable RNA secondary structures, and support non-canonical primer-free and bidirectional modes of RNA synthesis and replication. (elifesciences.org)
Triplet substrates thus resolve a central incongruity of RNA replication, and here allow the ribozyme to synthesise its own catalytic subunit '+' and '-' strands in segments and assemble them into a new active ribozyme. (elifesciences.org)
This is accomplished by making short pieces of RNA at the replication fork. (blogspot.com)
Since the replication fork advances at a rate of about 1000 nucleotides per second, one primer is synthesized for approximately every 1000 nucleotides that are incorporated. (blogspot.com)
Most DNA replication events from the heavy strand origin are prematurely terminated, forming a persistent RNA-DNA hybrid, which remains annealed to the parental DNA strand. (nih.gov)
Based on our findings, we propose a model for primer formation at the origin of heavy strand DNA replication. (nih.gov)
Small RNAs include microRNA (miRNA), siRNA, tRFs, piRNA, and rasiRNAs, which regulate gene expression in a wide range of processes such as viral replication and host immune response. (hindawi.com)

The removal of the RNA primer allows DNA ligase to ligate the DNA-DNA nick between the new fragment and the previous strand. (wikipedia.org)
T4 RNA Ligase 2, truncated (T4 Rnl2tr) specifically ligates the pre-adenylated 5´ end of DNA or RNA to the 3´ end of RNA. (neb.com)
T4 Rnl2tr is expressed from a plasmid in E. coli, which encodes the first 249 amino acids of the full length T4 RNA Ligase 2. (neb.com)
Unlike the full length ligase, T4 Rnl2tr cannot ligate the phosphorylated 5´ end of RNA or DNA to the 3´ end of RNA. (neb.com)
Unlike the full length ligase, T4 Rnl2 truncated is unable to adenylate the 5´ end of the substrate, and as a result it cannot ligate the phosphorylated 5´ end of RNA or DNA to the 3´ end of RNA (1-3). (neb.com)
An E. coli strain that carries the cloned truncated T4 RNA Ligase 2 gene. (neb.com)
1X T4 RNA Ligase Reaction Buffer supplemented to 10% (w/v) PEG MW 8000, 20 pmol of 5´-FAM labeled RNA, and 40 pmol preadenylated DNA linker. (neb.com)

A 10 to 18 nucleotides long primer for the leading strand synthesis and an 8 to 10 nucleotide-long RNA primer for the synthesis of Okazaki fragments at the lagging strand. (geneticeducation.co.in)
The free 3´ hydroxyl group of the primer acts as an accepter for the first deoxyribonucleotide in the newly formed DNA strand. (online-sciences.com)
DNA polymerase ε removes the primers of Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand. (online-sciences.com)
All organisms-bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes-have a transcription initiation factor that contains a structural module that binds within the RNA polymerase (RNAP) active-center cleft and interacts with template-strand single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) in the immediate vicinity of the RNAP active center. (osti.gov)
Catalyzes RNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of a DNA strand by one deoxynucleotide at a time. (cathdb.info)
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and Moloney murine leukemia virus enzymes prefer to cleave the RNA strand one nucleotide away from the RNA-DNA junction. (cathdb.info)
When RNA is copied, one strand acts as a template, and a replicase ribozyme would accurately guide which letters are added to the strand under construction. (elifesciences.org)
Synthesis of the leading strand also begins with an RNA primer, but only one primer is required to initiate synthesis of the entire strand. (blogspot.com)
The human mitochondrial transcription machinery generates the RNA primers needed for initiation of heavy strand DNA synthesis. (nih.gov)
Transcription from the light strand promoter is prematurely terminated at positions 300-282 in the mitochondrial genome, which coincide with the major RNA-DNA transition points in the D-loop of human mitochondria. (nih.gov)
On a lagging strand Rna attract DNA bases in pieces. (brainscape.com)
First strand synthesis: First, one anneals an oligo dT primer onto the 3′ polyA tail of a population of mRNAs. (handlebar-online.com)

It is a class of enzymes belonging to RNA polymerase enzymes. (geneticeducation.co.in)
The enzymes that make copies of the DNA or RNA genomes of viruses - nucleic acid polymerases - can be placed into two broad categories depending on whether or not they require a primer, a short piece of DNA or RNA, to get going. (virology.ws)
These data suggest that FECR1 circular RNA acts as an upstream regulator to control breast cancer tumor growth by coordinating the regulation of DNA methylating and demethylating enzymes. (biomedcentral.com)
Some of the enzymes which generate aromatic radicals that break down most prominent bacterial strains found were isolated and tax- the complex linkages present in lignin to compounds of lower onomically identified using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) se- molecular weight. (lu.se)

This is a secondary reaction to the RNA 5'-end directed cleavage 13-19 nucleotides from the RNA end performed by EC 3.1.26.13. (cathdb.info)
2. RNA 5'-end directed cleavage 13-19 nucleotides from the RNA end. (cathdb.info)
3. DNA 3'-end directed cleavage 15-20 nucleotides away from the primer terminus. (cathdb.info)
The primers are only a few nucleotides in length. (blogspot.com)
DNA POLYMERASE : adds DNA nucleotides to the RNA Primer at the start of each DNA to be replicated. (brainscape.com)
Initially, DNA is taken from the clinical specimen, as well as certain sequence-specific oligonucleotide primers, thermostable DNA polymerase, nucleotides, and buffer. (medscape.com)

DNA polymerase III catalyzes synthesis of DNA in the 5′ → 3′ direction by extending each short RNA primer. (blogspot.com)

Taq Pol also needs a free 3' OH end which is provided by the DNA primers for initiating temperature-dependent DNA amplification. (geneticeducation.co.in)
2. Use of Index Primer: Prepare the reaction system according to the library construction manual Chinese the library amplification system (as shown in the table below), and the reaction procedure is set according to the procedure in the library construction manual. (yeasen.com)
For example, although the presence of RNA amplification correlates with reported cases of persistent RNA silencing, most induced silencing dissipates within a few generations (reviewed in ref. 7 ). (nature.com)
The optional QuantiNova Internal Control RNA can be used to test successful reverse transcription and amplification. (qiagen.com)
The kit also provides protocols for extracted RNA and direct amplification from cultured cells, even down to a single cell. (qiagen.com)
Here we report a method to identify SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) virus RNA from purified RNA or cell lysis using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) using a visual, colorimetric detection. (medrxiv.org)
Here we describe a molecular diagnostic approach for SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and simple visual detection of amplification for potential use in rapid, field applications. (medrxiv.org)
Hepatitis C RNA: Testing for HCV RNA by reverse-transcriptase ¬polymerase-chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification of the 5' noncoding region was performed on anti-HCV positive samples. (cdc.gov)
Sequence-specific, single primer amplification and detection of PCR products for identification of hepatitis viruses. (cdc.gov)
Un test immuno-enzymatique et une amplification en chaîne par polymérase ont été réalisés. (who.int)
The mean (SD) age of patients with (PCR) amplification of 5'-UTR with genotype 1a was 49.3 (SD 15.6) years netic groups (designated genotypes 1 nested primers (Artus Qiagen GmbH). (who.int)

Each primer is extended from its 3′ end by DNA polymerase I to form an Okazaki fragment, as shown in the Figure. (blogspot.com)

Blanchard, CL & Anderson, BJ 1998, ' Detection of Single Nucleotide Variations in Viral RNA Populations by Primer Extension ', Plant Molecular Biology Reporter , vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 33-40. (edu.au)
Rapid, sensitive and precise probe-based qPCR detection and quantitation of target RNA targets. (neb.com)
One-Step RT-qPCR provides a convenient and powerful method for RNA detection and quantitation. (neb.com)
Currently, there are three basic types of tests to determine if an individual has been infected with SARS-CoV-2: viral nucleic acid (RNA) detection, viral antigen detection, and detection of antibodies to the virus. (medscape.com)
Included topics are (i) absolute and relative quantification of DNA/RNA, (ii) limit of detection, (iii) optimization of PCR, (iv) primer/probe design, (v) contamination and quality control, (vi) validation of PCR methods (vii) sample preparation (DNA/RNA), (viii) understanding and relieving PCR inhibition (pre-PCR processing), and (ix) forensic DNA analysis. (lu.se)

This technique should prove very useful for the genetic analysis of characteristics that are determined by single nucleotide variations in viral RNA genomes. (edu.au)
The average molecular weight of a nucleotide in RNA is 325 g/mole. (flashcardmachine.com)

DNA polymerase can not perform de novo synthesis, meaning, it can't replicate a single-stranded DNA directly unlike RNA polymerase. (geneticeducation.co.in)
The use of short RNA primers gets around the limitation imposed by the mechanism of DNA polymerase, namely, that it cannot initiate DNA synthesis de novo . (blogspot.com)

NuGEN Technologies today announced that the United States Patent and Trademark Office has issued US Patent No. US 9,650,628 describing the Single Primer Target Enrichment Technology (SPET) which enables targeted nucleic acid analysis by next generation sequencing (NGS). (rna-seqblog.com)

Ltd. specializes in primer synthesis, extraction columns DNA and RNA & PCR reagents. (biosciregister.com)

Bits of the transcriptome once believed to function as RNA molecules are in fact translated into small proteins. (the-scientist.com)
RNA was reverse-transcribed to obtain the cDNA and then proceeded with PCR using specific primers for the Notch signaling pathway molecules (Notch1, Jagged-1, Jagged-2 and, Hes1) as well as stem cell marker (Nanog). (bvsalud.org)

The recently discovered long noncoding RNAs seem to boost the production of specific proteins in the cell by interacting with RNA-binding proteins, researchers find. (the-scientist.com)
Scientists discover transcripts from the same gene that can express both proteins and noncoding RNA. (the-scientist.com)
We present a method enabling simultaneous, ultra-high throughput single-cell barcoding of millions of cells for targeted analysis of proteins and RNAs. (nature.com)
However, some scientists think that before life adopted DNA and proteins, it relied primarily on RNA. (elifesciences.org)
Yet, some RNA strands can also fold to form ribozymes, 3D structures that could have guided life's chemical processes the way proteins do now. (elifesciences.org)
All life on Earth today uses a triplet RNA code to make proteins from DNA, and these experiments showed how RNA triplets might have helped RNA sustain early life forms. (elifesciences.org)
Analysis of the pattern of proteins or messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in histological tissue sections is a cornerstone in biomedical research and diagnostics.This typically involves the visualization of a few proteins or expressed genes at a time. (lu.se)

In a single tube, RNA is first converted to cDNA by a reverse transcriptase, and then a DNA-dependent DNA polymerase amplifies the cDNA, enabling quantitation via qPCR. (neb.com)

Researchers scour the genome for micropeptides encoded within RNAs presumed to function in a noncoding capacity. (the-scientist.com)
The conversion of the single-stranded RNA genome into double-stranded DNA by virus-coded reverse transcriptase (RT) is an essential step of the retrovirus life cycle. (neb.com)
The initial PCR reaction amplifies a region of the HCV genome (External primers). (cdc.gov)

Here we report that a minimal combination of cis- regulatory sequences can support permanent RNA silencing of a single-copy transgene and its derivatives in C. elegans simply upon mating. (nature.com)
This stable silencing requires components of the small RNA pathway and can silence homologous sequences in trans . (nature.com)
The Luna Probe One-Step RT-qPCR Kit (No ROX) is optimized for real-time quantitation of target RNA sequences using hydrolysis probes. (neb.com)
The nested PCR primers used to isolate HCV sequences were designed and manufactured within CDC. (cdc.gov)

Scientists discover a novel antibacterial molecule that targets a vital RNA regulatory element. (the-scientist.com)
Is a RNA molecule thats shape allows it to catalyze a chemical reaction. (flashcardmachine.com)
For early life to be built on RNA, though, this molecule must have had the ability to make copies of itself. (elifesciences.org)

However, this transcription initiation-factor structural module occupies the path of nascent RNA and thus presumably must be displaced before or during initial transcription. (osti.gov)
In this paper, we report four sets of crystal structures of bacterial initially transcribing complexes that demonstrate and define details of stepwise, RNA-extension-driven displacement of the "σ-finger" of the bacterial transcription initiation factor σ. (osti.gov)

3'-end directed exonucleolytic cleavage of viral RNA-DNA hybrid. (cathdb.info)
Also, viral infection has proved to have a great impact on cellular small RNA expression and gene expression [ 9 - 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
The HCV RNA was isolated and sequenced either to determine the genotype of the isolated virus or to determine the viral quasispecies diversity within an infected individual. (cdc.gov)

DNA polymerases require the presence of a primer (i.e. oligonucleotide of RNA with free 3´ hydroxyl group), a template (i.e single-stranded DNA), and deoxyribonucleotides (d ATP , d CTP, d GTP, and d TTP) in order to function. (online-sciences.com)

Nat Rev Dis Primers 9(1):17, 2023. (msdmanuals.com)

QuantiNova RT-PCR Kits (real-time RT-PCR kits) enable sensitive quantification of RNA targets by real-time one-step PCR using SYBR Green I or sequence-specific probes. (qiagen.com)
The QuantiNova Multiplex RT-PCR Kit enables fast and reliable quantification of up to 5 RNA targets in a single tube by multiplex real-time RT-PCR. (qiagen.com)
Reverse transcriptase (RT) PCR is PCR performed on RNA targets. (medscape.com)

DNA primers are widely used in in vitro applications like- PCR or DNA sequencing. (geneticeducation.co.in)
We report RNA-catalysed RNA synthesis on structured templates when using trinucleotide triphosphates (triplets) as substrates, catalysed by a general and accurate triplet polymerase ribozyme that emerged from in vitro evolution as a mutualistic RNA heterodimer. (elifesciences.org)

However, the mere presence of small RNAs (Supplementary Table 1 ) or terminally modified mRNA fragments 9 does not result in indefinite RNA silencing. (nature.com)
CircRNAs are newly discovered noncoding RNAs formed through the alternative splicing of premessenger RNA (mRNA). (hindawi.com)

Noncoding RNAs and microproteins, once considered genomic noise, are turning out to be critical to the progression of some types of cancer. (the-scientist.com)

Recovery is also observed in most cases when double-stranded RNA is used to silence the same coding sequence in different regulatory contexts that drive germline expression. (nature.com)

Due to these reasons, and the lack of exonuclease activity of Taq DNA polymerase, PCR needs DNA primers and not RNA primers, though it is also a process of DNA synthesis. (geneticeducation.co.in)

This duplication is a chemical reaction that could be driven by an 'RNA replicase' ribozyme. (elifesciences.org)
Yet, although ribozymes can be made to copy straight RNA templates this way, folded RNA templates - including the replicase ribozyme itself - impede copying. (elifesciences.org)
In this apparent paradox, a ribozyme needs to fold to copy RNA, but when folded, is itself copied poorly. (elifesciences.org)
Biochemical techniques were used to engineer a ribozyme that copies RNA strands by adding letters not one-by-one, but three-by-three. (elifesciences.org)
Using three-letter 'triplet' building blocks, this new ribozyme can copy various folded RNA strands, including the active part of its own sequence. (elifesciences.org)

Small RNAs are important regulators that modulate development, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of organisms [ 15 , 16 ]. (hindawi.com)

Using this CasIP assay, we identified FECR1, a FLI1 exonic circular RNA that binds to the FLI1 promoter and epigenetically activates FLI1 in breast cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)

Samples found to be negative for HCV RNA were extracted a second time by the same procedure with an additional incubation at 50 degrees Celsius for 45 minutes with 25 units of reverse transcriptase (Boehringer Mannnheim, Inndianapolis) and 10 units of RNAsin (Boehringer Mannnheim). (cdc.gov)
The temperature and duration of these steps vary by primer choice, target RNA, and reverse transcriptase used. (handlebar-online.com)
By positioning histological sections on arrayed reverse transcription primers with unique positional barcodes, we demonstrate high-quality RNA-sequencing data with maintained two-dimensional positional information from the mouse brain and human breast cancer. (lu.se)

Importantly, an RNA primer is highly prone to degradation by nuclease activity and thus has a very short lifespan. (geneticeducation.co.in)

abstract = "A method for identifying and differentiating between two highly similar sequence variants in the cucumber mosaic virus RNA 5 population is described. (edu.au)

What is responsible for holding the two strands together in the "stems" of RNA? (flashcardmachine.com)
Like DNA, strands of RNA contain genetic data. (elifesciences.org)
RNA strands are made of four different letters attached to each other in a specific order. (elifesciences.org)
For example, these triplets work together to bind tightly to RNA strands and unravel structures that block RNA copying. (elifesciences.org)

The technique is based on the use of different primers with 3′ terminal mismatches for primer extension analysis. (edu.au)
High-throughput RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis have led to the identification of several novel circRNAs that exhibit biological characteristics and regulatory functions [ 6 , 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
RT-PCR analysis of testes RNA from mutant animals using exon 27-specific primers did not detect transcripts. (jax.org)
At each passage, the cells were counted, photographed using an inverted phase-contrast microscope (Carl Zeiss Microscopy, LLC, Thornwood, NY, USA) and cyro-preserved in cyrovial tube for further culture and later for RNA analysis. (bvsalud.org)
The course covers PCR-based DNA/RNA analysis from sampling to evaluation of results, with a specific focus on real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). (lu.se)

We demonstrate that this method can be applied to multi-modal protein and RNA analyses. (nature.com)

They can be synthesized artificially and have a long shelf life compared to RNA primers. (geneticeducation.co.in)
this has led scientists to try to artificially create RNA replicase ribozymes that could copy themselves. (elifesciences.org)

Thus, FLI1 drives tumor metastasis not only through the canonical oncoprotein pathway, but also by using epigenetic mechanisms mediated by its exonic circular RNA. (biomedcentral.com)

sequence-specific internal cleavage of RNA. (cathdb.info)

The terminology 'Primer' is well-known among life science and molecular biology students. (geneticeducation.co.in)

The reaction proceeds in three steps: removal of the RNA primer, synthesis of replacement DNA, and sealing of the adjacent DNA fragments. (blogspot.com)

The primer provides a site for the polymerization to begin. (online-sciences.com)

An RNA primer is a short and single-stranded RNA sequence. (geneticeducation.co.in)
Here we introduce mating as a simple approach to reproducibly initiate RNA silencing of a single-copy transgene that can last for hundreds of generations. (nature.com)
these form the preinitiation complex, which with RNA poly II bind to and read single stranded DNA gene template. (flashcardmachine.com)

We have prepared an amazing comparative table that shows the differences between RNA primers and DNA primers. (geneticeducation.co.in)

We will also discuss some common differences between RNA and DNA primers. (geneticeducation.co.in)
To avoid potential confounding by sample-to-sample differences in the quality and yield of RNA preparations, or by interindividual differences in trans -acting factors that influence the expression of CYP2A13 , we determined the relative expression of variant and wild-type (WT) CYP2A13 alleles in RNA samples from heterozygotes. (aspetjournals.org)

Requires a RNA or DNA primer. (cathdb.info)

The expression levels of RNA of hsa_circ_0046060, mmu_circ_0002819, and miR-338-3p were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). (hindawi.com)

Hieff NGS® RNA Lib Prep 384 CDI Primer for Illumina is a dedicated linker primer kit for RNA library construction of the Illumina high-throughput sequencing platform, divided into 2 Sets, each Set contains the PE adapter used in the second-generation sequencing library and 8 of i5 Index Primer and 12 of i7 Index Primer. (yeasen.com)

The structures reveal that-for both the primary σ-factor and extracytoplasmic (ECF) σ-factors, and for both 5'-triphosphate RNA and 5'-hydroxy RNA-the "σ-finger" is displaced in stepwise fashion, progressively folding back upon itself, driven by collision with the RNA 5'-end, upon extension of nascent RNA from ~5 nt to ~10 nt. (osti.gov)

This test was additionally verified using RNA samples purified from respiratory swabs collected from COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China with equivalent performance to a commercial RT-qPCR test while requiring only heating and visual inspection. (medrxiv.org)
Additionally, small amounts of input RNA are required. (medscape.com)

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