MicroRNAsProteinsMoleculesTranscriptsGenesMiRNAsAbstractMaturationSequencesMiRNARibosomalMicroRNA precursor familyMoleculeInterferenceAmyloidEnzymesNucleicNucleotidesDegradationSubunitNucleolarRibonucleic acidChromatinDicerEscherichiaMolecularVitroSequenceSmallRNase IIIAbundantMRNA precursorsFunctionalRegulationNuclearTRNARolesSplicingMRNAsViralGene expressionGeneticEukaryoticCleavagePeptideRegulatory RNAsNeuronalNascentMultipotent neuralDouble-strandedMiceNucleotideGenomeMessengerNeural
MicroRNAs19
- MicroRNAs from this family are produced from the 3' arm of the precursor hairpin. (wikipedia.org)
- Functional mir-2 microRNAs come from the 3' arm of the precursors, and most of them have the same Drosha processing point. (wikipedia.org)
- Small, noncoding microRNAs (miRNAs) are transcribed as long precursors (pri-miRNAs) that are sequentially processed by the RNases Drosha/Pasha to form pri-miRNAs and by Dicer to form the mature miRNAs of ∼20-25 nucleotides. (pnas.org)
- MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory RNAs. (bio-medicine.org)
- MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, regulatory RNAs that are expressed in animals and plants and affect the translation or stability of target mRNAs. (bio-medicine.org)
- Scientists at the University of Eastern Finland and the University of Oxford have shown that small RNA molecules occurring naturally in cells, i.e. microRNAs, are also abundant in cell nuclei. (news-medical.net)
- We found an organ-specific distribution of canonical microRNAs (miRNAs) and endogenous small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), indicative of their tissue-specific biogenesis. (plantcell.org)
- Therefore, both arms of the precursor have the potential to produce functional mature microRNAs. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- We show that alternative mature products produced from the same precursor microRNAs have different targeting properties and therefore different biological functions. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- Recent studies have shown that precursor microRNAs can change the arm from which the dominant functional mature microRNA is produced. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- For that reason, one may expect that microRNAs from the same precursor have similar targeting properties. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- So far, the only studied case is the mir-100/10 family, for which we have shown that opposite arms of precursor microRNAs do not significantly share target genes [ 13 ]. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- He L, Hannon GJ (2004) Micrornas: small RNAs with a big role in gene regulation. (springer.com)
- Later on, these small regulatory RNAs were affiliated as microRNAs (miRNAs) and the regions in the mRNAs, as their target sites [ 3 , 4 ]. (mdpi.com)
- While microRNAs (miRNA) are known to regulate protein-coding gene expression principally through mRNA degradation, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can activate and repress genes by a variety of mechanisms at both transcriptional and translational levels. (frontiersin.org)
- Regulatory RNAs include microRNAs, small nucleolar RNAs, and bacterial small RNAs: Their role in regulation and modulation of gene expression is just beginning to be realised. (phys.org)
- microRNAs (miRNAs) are short (20-24 nt) non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in multicellular organisms by affecting both the stability and translation of mRNAs. (genecards.org)
- MicroRNAs are endogenous 19-23 nucleotide, small non-coding RNAs that modulate mRNA levels through decreased transcription or post-transcriptionally induced mRNA decay. (mdpi.com)
- MicroRNAs are short lengths of RNA, a chemical cousin of DNA. (medlineplus.gov)
Proteins17
- SR-related proteins and the processing of messenger RNA precursors. (nih.gov)
- The processing of messenger RNA precursors (pre-mRNA) to mRNA in metazoans requires a large number of proteins that contain domains rich in alternating arginine and serine residues (RS domains). (nih.gov)
- Not just RNA chains form in the mixtures, but also mixed molecules, made up of an RNA portion and a peptide chain (proteins are long peptide chains). (uni-stuttgart.de)
- The β-amyloid precursor proteins (βAPPs) are a family of glycosylated transmembrane proteins that include in their sequences the β-amyloid peptide, a major component of the characteristic amyloid deposits or senile plaques found in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients and aged Down's syndrome subjects. (csic.es)
- Harvard University's Office of Technology Development (OTD) and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health today announced the launch of Vesigen Therapeutics, a startup company that aims to overcome the challenge of delivering next-generation therapeutics, such as gene-editing complexes, RNA molecules, and other large proteins, to intracellular targets in specific tissues of interest. (news-medical.net)
- The 87K protein, together with proteins of 105,000 and 75,000 daltons, are translated from leftward transcribed (1-strand) messenger RNAs that are complementary to the viral genome between positions 11.2 and 31.5. (cshl.edu)
- Electron microscopic heteroduplex analysis has revealed a family of 1-strand RNAs that probably encode these proteins. (cshl.edu)
- Previous biochemical and structural studies of rotavirus replication suggest that selecting 11 distinct RNA segments must involve the RNAs forming complex interactions with proteins and other RNA molecules. (elifesciences.org)
- The locally accumulated antisense RNAs are assumed to recruit chromatin remodeling proteins through either RNA-RNA or DNA-RNA recognition rules and trigger heterochromatin formation for gene silencing. (jcancer.org)
- Inherently infectious and are immediate precursors to virus production (i.e., the nucleic acids are capable of generating infectious forms of a regulated virus by utilizing host polymerases but without the need for any additional exogenous factors [proteins, nucleic acids, etc. (cdc.gov)
- The regulation of gene expression mediated by miRNAs involves the processing of hairpin transcripts into ~22 nucleotide-long RNAs, association with Argonaute proteins which guide them to their target sites on mRNAs, and ultimately, repression of gene expression via mRNA degradation and/or translational inhibition. (mdpi.com)
- These versatile molecules, with complex secondary structures, may interact with chromatin, proteins, and other RNA to form complexes with an array of functional consequences. (frontiersin.org)
- Recognition of RNA by RNA processing enzymes and RNA binding proteins often involves cooperation between multiple subunits. (bireme.br)
- Sm and Sm-like proteins (LSm) are evolutionarily conserved families that function broadly in the processing of RNA. (nature.com)
- Fosrak was successful in identifying and experimentally validating predicted targets and associated proteins of small RNAs. (phys.org)
- Bacterial proteins and enzymes implicated in RNA metabolism and regulation were also strong points of investigation. (phys.org)
- The 2074 and 2116 nt mRNAs encode precursor proteins of 56350 and 57850 Da, respectively. (deepdyve.com)
Molecules15
- on considering ultraviolet light in the prebiotic synthesis of fundamental molecules of life from simpler precursor molecules. (sciencemag.org)
- Transcriptional regulation of expression levels of neural factors could be a critical mechanism to ensure the formation of the right niche, in response to environmental changes, whereas the key signaling molecules or pathways regulate niche factors required for the proliferation of neural precursor cells in adult brain are largely unknown. (nature.com)
- Scientists from the Institute of Organic Chemistry at the University of Stuttgart have found that under certain conditions spontaneous reactions take place between ribonucleotides and amino acids, leading to molecules that contain both ribonucleic acid (RNA) and peptide chains. (uni-stuttgart.de)
- Those Pre-miR miRNA Precursor Molecules and Anti-miR miRNA Inhibitors that affect the expression of the target gene represent miRNAs that directly or indirectly regulate the expression of that gene. (bio-medicine.org)
- Screening for miRNAs that affect a cellular process-- Cells are sequentially transfected with a collection of Pre-miR miRNA Precursor Molecules or Anti-miR miRNA Inhibitors and then assayed for a phenotype like cell cycle arrest or differentiation. (bio-medicine.org)
- Those Pre-miR miRNA Precursor Molecules or Anti-miR miRNA Inhibitors that induce the desired phenotype represent miRNAs that directly or indirectly participate in the cellular process being studied. (bio-medicine.org)
- These synthetic miRNAs are known as Pre-miR miRNA Precursor Molecules (patent pending). (bio-medicine.org)
- The entire collection of Pre-miR miRNA Precursor molecules and Anti-miR miRNA Inhibitors is cataloged in a searchable database accessible from http://www.ambion.com/techlib/resources/miRNA/index.html . (bio-medicine.org)
- Pre-miR miRNA Precursor Molecules and Anti-miR miRNA Inhibitors can be obtained one at a time to facilitate in-depth studies of single miRNAs or in groups to facilitate screening studies. (bio-medicine.org)
- In recent years, RNA molecules, with the ability to affect or turn off pathogenic genes, have become promising drug candidates in several areas. (news-medical.net)
- Viruses carry the instructions that determine their properties and behavior in molecules of DNA or RNA. (elifesciences.org)
- Primary microRNA transcripts are single-stranded RNA molecules that fold into hairpins, and are cleaved by two RNases producing an approximately 22-nucleotide RNA duplex [ 1 ]. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- miRNAs are short, 21-23 nucleotide-long, single stranded RNA molecules that bind to 3' untranslated regions (3' UTRs) of their target mRNAs. (mdpi.com)
- To broaden knowledge on the function and evolution of these molecules, a EU project investigated various classes of regulatory RNAs in different kingdoms. (phys.org)
- Dicer cuts (cleaves) precursor RNA molecules to produce miRNA. (medlineplus.gov)
Transcripts7
- Thus, one of the functions of eukaryotic RNase III is, as for the bacterial enzyme, to liberate monocistronic RNAs from polycistronic transcripts. (nih.gov)
- We have characterized the transcripts of the beta-globin gene in RNA isolated from rabbit bone marrow using the S1 mapping procedure of Berk and Sharp (1977). (nih.gov)
- Our results indicate that control of RNA degradation rates contributes significantly to the differentiation stage-dependent differences in abundance of transcripts and splice variants. (omicsdi.org)
- Using in situ hybridization histochemistry with [ 32 P]oligonucleotide probes, we studied the cellular localization of RNA transcripts for amyloid β-protein precursor (βAPP), growth-associated phosphoprotein-43 (GAP-43) and microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) in the mesostriatal system of normal (+/+) and weaver (wv/wv) mutant mice, which lose mesencephalic dopamine neurons. (elsevier.com)
- Here we used next-gen RNA-Seq to examine the expression of transcripts coding for GRP, NPPB, NMB, and other peptides in DRG, trigeminal ganglion, and the spinal cord as well as expression levels for their cognate receptors in these tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
- Surprisingly, the results also pointed to a partially extended conformation of newly synthesized precursor rRNA transcripts. (biomedsearch.com)
- Further expression analysis revealed that the induction of genes encoding alcohol dehydrogenase 3, metalloprotease FtsH, cysteine protease 1 precursor, phytepsin precursor (aspartic protease), and a 26S proteasome regulatory subunit was associated with the androgenic potential of microspores, whereas the induction of transcripts involved in signaling and cytoprotection was associated with stress responses. (tudelft.nl)
Genes11
- These experiments are consistent with the notion that the intervening sequences in the DNA of mouse beta-globin genes are transcribed into the mRNA precursor and are excised from the RNA by post-transcriptional events. (nih.gov)
- Without enzymes, there is no transcription, and without genes and RNA there are no enzymes. (uni-stuttgart.de)
- Many genes differentially expressed between proliferating and differentiated myoblasts demonstrate major differences in RNA decay rates. (omicsdi.org)
- Although it is reported that some plant miRNAs inhibit target mRNA translation [ 14 - 17 ] or direct DNA methylation of target genes [ 18 ], the majority of plant miRNAs, once loaded, guide RISCs to cleave their target RNAs, which are subsequently degraded. (biomedcentral.com)
- Additionally, a class of miRNA-like smRNAs, whose putative precursors can form short hairpins, potentially targets genes in trans. (plantcell.org)
- The first identifications of the endogenous short regulatory RNAs in Caenorhabditis elegans [ 1 ] and the 7-8 nucleotide-long motifs in the 3' untranslated regions (3' UTRs) of Drosophila melanogaster miRNAs [ 2 ] revealed that expression of genes are under control of small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) which bind to mRNAs and repress their expression post-transcriptionally. (mdpi.com)
- These critical features of pheromone precursor genes are conserved in other fungi. (asm.org)
- Pheromone precursor genes have been identified throughout the fungal kingdom. (asm.org)
- However, both classes of pheromone precursor genes have been identified in ascomycetes, while only one class of precursor genes ( Mfa -like) has been identified in basidiomycetes. (asm.org)
- In eukaryotes, there are three different forms of DNA-directed RNA polymerases transcribing different sets of genes. (ebi.ac.uk)
- Biologically, this implies that small RNAs are involved in the control of physiological responses , developmental checkpoints, disease-associated genes and virulence traits. (phys.org)
MiRNAs7
- The miRNAs function through imperfect base-pairing with hundreds of target mRNAs to trigger their degradation (or block their translation) by the RNA-induced silencing complex, RISC ( 12 ). (pnas.org)
- We are also interested in (3) protein-RNA complexes along the microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis pathway that mediate processing of primary miRNAs to their precursor counterparts, and processes associated with miRNA guide strand-mediated cleavage, translation inhibition or degradation of target RNAs. (mskcc.org)
- The mature ~21nt miRNAs are processed from hairpin precursor sequences by the Dicer enzyme. (wikipedia.org)
- The pri-miRNAs, which can be more than 1000 nt in length, contain an RNA hairpin in which one of the two strands includes the mature miRNA . (bio-medicine.org)
- In addition, PARE analysis revealed that differentially expressed miRNAs in the same family guide specific target RNA cleavage in a correspondingly tissue-preferential manner. (biomedcentral.com)
- B. distachyon miRNAs and target RNAs were experimentally identified and analyzed. (biomedcentral.com)
- miRNAs and some miRNA* regions were detected quite abundant short RNAs as expected, while other regions of precursors were found shorter RNAs or small fragments with fewer sequence counts. (springer.com)
Abstract1
- abstract = "Polyadenylated RNA extracted from anglerfish islets was translated in a wheat germ cell-free system containing [35S]methionine in the presence and absence of microsomal membranes prepared from a canine pancreas. (elsevier.com)
Maturation8
- An RNA-containing endonuclease that catalyzes the excision and maturation of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) from the rRNA primary transcript (pre-rRNA) in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius has been characterized. (sciencemag.org)
- The adult hippocampal neurogenesis, involving multiple key processes including proliferation and differentiation of neural precursors and maturation, migration and functional integration of newborn neurons into the existing neural network, is believed to be regulated by a specific neuro-microenvironment called neurogenic niche in SGZ 5 . (nature.com)
- for example, the RNA-binding protein LIN28 regulates the biogenesis of the let-7 miRNA family by inhibiting their maturation at both the pri-miRNA ( 13 , 14 ) and premiRNA ( 15 , 16 ) processing steps. (pnas.org)
- The variety of modifications found on La-associated RNAs is reviewed in detail and considered in the contexts of how La may bind the termini of structured RNAs without interfering with recognition by modification enzymes, and its ability to chaperone RNAs through multiple parts of their maturation pathways. (ingentaconnect.com)
- An imminent goal is to understand how the bipartite RNA binding, intracellular trafficking, and signal transduction activities of La are integrated with the maturation pathways of the various RNAs with which it associates. (ingentaconnect.com)
- The 87K precursor is processed curing virus maturation to the 55K terminal protein, possibly via a 62K intermediate form, by the virus-specified Ad2ts1 protease. (cshl.edu)
- CK1δ and CK1ε are components of human 40S subunit precursors required for cytoplasmic 40S maturation. (semanticscholar.org)
- In this study, we show that the human casein kinase 1 (CK1) isoforms δ and ε are required for cytoplasmic maturation steps of 40S subunit precursors. (semanticscholar.org)
Sequences13
- La also binds to 3′ extended precursors to human U1 and the yeast snRNAs ( 34 , 58 ) and to internal sequences of several viral RNAs, in some cases at sequences that lack poly(U) tracts ( 4 , 23 ). (asm.org)
- We have investigated the locations of the poly(A), the mRNA-specific sequences and the RNA sequences that are eventually cleaved from the 1860 nucleotide precursor of mouse beta-globin mRNA. (nih.gov)
- Biochemical and electron microscopic data demonstrate that there are two intervening RNA moieties in the precursor which separate the beta-globin mRNA sequences into three portions containing 480, 205 and 155 nucleotides. (nih.gov)
- At least one, and probably both, intervening RNAs occur within the coding portion of the mRNA sequences. (nih.gov)
- The recent identification of inconsistencies in published IL-16 cDNA nucleotide sequences led to the proposal that IL-16 is synthesized in the form of a large precursor protein (pro-IL-16). (pnas.org)
- Mir-2 hairpin precursor sequences are highly conserved, in particular in their 3' arm in which the first 10 nucleotides are identical to all family members. (wikipedia.org)
- The research group of Professor Clemens Richert was searching for reaction conditions inducing enzyme-free copying of RNA sequences. (uni-stuttgart.de)
- The kinetics of synthesis and turnover of animal cell nuclear precursor-mRNA fractions all of which, in the case of avian erythroblast RNA, are shown by specific complementary DNA hybridization to contain globin mRNA sequences, were analyzed by exponential polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. (meta.org)
- Additional hybridization to the region between coordinates 37.3 and 41 suggests that the RNA body is spliced to sequences mapping farther right in the genome. (cshl.edu)
- To identify the sites of these interactions, we have developed an RNA-RNA SELEX approach for mapping the sequences involved in inter-segment base-pairing. (elifesciences.org)
- The roughly 5 million distinct genome-matched sequences that resulted represent an extensive dataset for analyzing small RNA-guided cleavage events. (biomedcentral.com)
- It is often suggested that one of the sequences is degraded and the other is incorporated into the RNA-induced silencing complex. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- The contribution of the C5 protein subunit of ribonuclease P to specificity for precursor tRNA is modulated by proximal 5' leader sequences. (bireme.br)
MiRNA14
- Drosha cleaves primary miRNA (pri-mRNA) to release a hairpin-shaped precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA). (mskcc.org)
- The dominant mature miRNA sequence is processed from the 5' arm of the mir-9 precursor, and from the 3' arm of the mir-79 precursor. (wikipedia.org)
- The resulting precursor miRNA, or "pre-miRNA," is transported to the cytoplasm via a process that involves Exportin-5 [2- (bio-medicine.org)
- The pre-miRNA is further cleaved by Dicer to generate a short, partially double-stranded (ds) RNA in which one strand is the mature miRNA. (bio-medicine.org)
- The mature miRNA is taken up by a protein complex that is similar, if not identical, to the RNA Induced Silencing Complex (RISC) that supports RNA interference (RNAi) , and miRNA-bound complex functions to regulate translation. (bio-medicine.org)
- Similarly an in-depth global analysis of miRNA-mediated target cleavage using parallel analysis of RNA ends (PARE) data is lacking in B. distachyon . (biomedcentral.com)
- Here, we attempted to track detailed miRNA precursor metabolic products and gain further insight into pre-miRNA processing by completely analyzing high-throughput sequencing data. (springer.com)
- Highly expressed miRNA precursors could be entirely covered by various short RNAs and small RNA fragments with a hierarchical distribution. (springer.com)
- Generally, there were several quite abundant RNA classes from a given miRNA locus, which suggested dominant cleavage sites of Drosha and Dicer during pre-miRNA processing. (springer.com)
- An example of tracking miRNA precursor metabolic products based on high-throughput sequencing. (springer.com)
- The primary transcript is cleaved by the Drosha ribonuclease III enzyme to produce an approximately 70-nt stem-loop precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA), which is further cleaved by the cytoplasmic Dicer ribonuclease to generate the mature miRNA and antisense miRNA star (miRNA*) products. (genecards.org)
- The mature miRNA is incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which recognizes target mRNAs through imperfect base pairing with the miRNA and most commonly results in translational inhibition or destabilization of the target mRNA. (genecards.org)
- MIR769 (MicroRNA 769) is an RNA Gene, and is affiliated with the miRNA class. (genecards.org)
- MIR5589 (MicroRNA 5589) is an RNA Gene, and is affiliated with the miRNA class. (genecards.org)
Ribosomal2
- Non-isotopic mapping of ribosomal RNA synthesis and processing in the nucleolus. (biomedsearch.com)
- ribosomal precursor RNA, Proc. (ximicat.com)
MicroRNA precursor family1
- Page for mir-9/mir-79 microRNA precursor family at Rfam miRBase family page for mir-9 Kutty RK, Samuel W, Jaworski C, Duncan T, Nagineni CN, Raghavachari N, Wiggert B, Redmond TM (2010). (wikipedia.org)
Molecule5
- Taken together, these results represent the first therapeutic application of RNA interference to GEP, which is a promising target molecule for HCC treatment, as an approach for the suppression of HCC cell proliferation. (spandidos-publications.com)
- This mixed type of molecule is called peptidyl RNA. (uni-stuttgart.de)
- Since the condensation agent, an organic derivative of the molecule cyanamide, is also used in peptide synthesis, chemical engineer Helmut Griesser then mixed amino acids to the RNA building blocks. (uni-stuttgart.de)
- The miR-129 microRNA precursor is a small non-coding RNA molecule that regulates gene expression. (wikipedia.org)
- Several recent studies have already suggested a potential role for UDP-Glc in plant growth and development, and UDP-Glc has also been suggested as a signaling molecule, in addition to its precursor function. (frontiersin.org)
Interference3
- Addgene: A critical function for beta-amyloid precursor protein in neuronal migration revealed by in utero RNA interference. (addgene.org)
- RNA silencing, also known as RNA interference, is a conserved biological response to double-stranded RNA that regulates gene expression. (mskcc.org)
- Proneural expression of Mad-RNA interference (RNAi) or a Mad transgene with its Zw3/Gsk3-β phosphorylation sites mutated (MGM) generated wings with ectopic sensilla and chemosensory bristle duplications. (genetics.org)
Amyloid7
- Senescence-accelerated mice (SAMP8) serve as a model for Alzheimer's disease (AD) as they exhibit early loss of memory and increased amyloid precursor protein (APP) expression. (biologists.org)
- Familial AD (FAD), on the other hand, is associated with mutations in amyloid precursor protein (APP) on chromosome 21, apolipoprotein E gene on chromosome 19, presenilin-1 (PS1) on chromosome 14 (14q24.3) and presenilin-2 (PS2) on chromosome 1. (biologists.org)
- The amyloid precursor protein (APP) plays a central role in Alzheimer's disease, but its actions in normal development are not well understood. (biologists.org)
- Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a transmembrane protein that plays a key role in Alzheimer's disease. (biologists.org)
- Abnormal phosphorylation of amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) is a pathologic feature of Alzheimer's disease. (jneurosci.org)
- Alzheimer's disease (AD), the prevalent neurodegenerative disorder in humans later in life ( Hedera and Turner, 2002 ), is a multifactorial syndrome linked to abnormal metabolism of the transmembrane protein, amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) ( Selkoe, 2001 ). (jneurosci.org)
- There is evidence that the amyloid precursor protein (APP) plays an important role in neuronal growth and synaptic plasticity and that its increased expression following traumatic brain injury represents an acute phase response to trauma. (edu.au)
Enzymes8
- Cech TR (1987) The chemistry of self-splicing RNA and RNA enzymes. (springer.com)
- RNase III enzymes play central roles in RNA silencing by processing double-stranded RNA precursors into small RNA duplexes. (mskcc.org)
- Precise selection of cleavage sites by RNase III enzymes is critical, with Drosha and Dicer recognizing specific RNA structures and cleave a fixed distance away from that structural element. (mskcc.org)
- The blueprints of the enzymes are encoded in DNA and are transcribed with the aid of both RNA and enzymes. (uni-stuttgart.de)
- Earlier attempts to induce the formation of peptidyl RNAs in the absence of enzymes were largely unsuccessful. (uni-stuttgart.de)
- These results are consistent with synthesis of anglerfish islet glucagon in the form of a pre-prohormonal precursor (M(r) = 14,500) containing a leader sequence that is cotranslationally cleaved from the protein by enzymes associated with microsomal membranes to produce a smaller intermediate prohormonal precursor (M(r) = 12,500) of pancreatic glucagon (M(r) = 3500). (elsevier.com)
- The best substrate for these modifying enzymes is the RNase P cleavage product of the precursor RNA, which contains the mature tRNA sequence. (core.ac.uk)
- Most RNA polymerases are multimeric enzymes and are composed of a variable number of subunits. (ebi.ac.uk)
Nucleic1
Nucleotides8
- One of the two intervening RNA moieties contains 780 nucleotides. (nih.gov)
- The size of the smaller intervening RNA has not been determined precisely, but it is 125 nucleotides or less. (nih.gov)
- The largest mRNA-specific fragment is derived from the 3' terminus of the precursor, and contains the 3' terminal poly (A) and 330 mRNA-specific transcribed nucleotides. (nih.gov)
- One mir-2 microRNA in Drosophila, dme-miR-2a-2 , is two nucleotides offset with respect to the canonical products of other mir-2 precursors. (wikipedia.org)
- Certain nucleotides in precursor RNA of tRNA(Tyr) of Escherichia coli were modified in vitro with a preparation of partially purified E. coli enzyme containing ribothymidine- and pseudouridine-forming activity. (core.ac.uk)
- The world is divided into those who say it was RNA and those who say no because it is hard to make RNA nucleotides and conditions on the prebiotic Earth were not favorable for that," says Leslie Orgel, senior fellow and research professor at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in San Diego. (the-scientist.com)
- To determine whether the contacts formed by P RNA and C5 contribute independently to specificity or exhibit cooperativity or anti-cooperativity, we compared the relative / values for all possible combinations of the six proximal 5' leader nucleotides ( = 4096) for processing by the P RNA subunit alone and by the RNase P holoenzyme. (bireme.br)
- We observed that while the P RNA subunit shows specificity for 5' leader nucleotides N(-2) and N(-1), the presence of the C5 protein reduces the contribution of P RNA to specificity, but changes specificity at N(-2) and N(-3). (bireme.br)
Degradation7
- The response is mediated by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), which guide the sequence-specific degradation of cognate messenger RNAs (mRNAs). (mskcc.org)
- Steady-state RNA levels are a result of RNA synthesis and degradation. (omicsdi.org)
- The importance of transcription-factor mediated induction or repression of mRNA synthesis is well established, but the role and mechanisms of RNA degradation are less well understood. (omicsdi.org)
- We globally evaluated the RNA decay rates in proliferating and differentiated mouse myoblasts on whole-genome Affymetrix exon arrays, allowing for the assessment of directionality of RNA degradation and the detection of splice variant-specific differences in RNA decay rates. (omicsdi.org)
- RNA degradation has no apparent preferential directionality. (omicsdi.org)
- RNA degradation appears to affect the ratio of different splice variants. (omicsdi.org)
- We show that Lar7 has conserved RNA-recognition motifs, which bind telomerase RNA to protect it from exosomal degradation. (nature.com)
Subunit4
- RNA editing in the mitochondrion of Trypanosoma brucei extensively alters the adenosine triphosphate synthase (ATPase) subunit 6 precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) by addition of 447 uridines and removal of 28 uridines. (sciencemag.org)
- However, unlike the reaction with wild-type tRNA precursors, the reaction catalyzed by the holoenzyme with p4·5S as substrate has a much lower K m value than that catalyzed by M1 RNA with the same substrate, indicating that the protein subunit plays a crucial role in the recognition of p4·5S. (elsevier.com)
- Dequard-Chablat M, Riva M, Carles C, Sentenac A. RPC19, the gene for a subunit common to yeast RNA polymerases A (I) and C (III). (ebi.ac.uk)
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae RPC5 subunit (or RPC40) from RNA polymerases I and III. (ebi.ac.uk)
Nucleolar4
- Processing of a dicistronic small nucleolar RNA precursor by the RNA endonuclease Rnt1. (nih.gov)
- Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are intron encoded or expressed from monocistronic independent transcription units, or, in the case of plants, from polycistronic clusters. (nih.gov)
- A 159-nucleotide RNA with sequence and structural similarity to U3 small nucleolar RNAs of eukaryotes copurified with the endonuclease activity. (sciencemag.org)
- This has long been known for the highly abundant cytoplasmic RNAs, tRNAs, and rRNAs, but more recently it has become clear that is also the case for the small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs), which participate in pre-mRNA splicing, and the small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), which participate in rRNA processing and modification. (asm.org)
Ribonucleic acid2
- The idea that ribonucleic acid (RNA), because of its catalytic capability and multiple roles in protein synthesis, was the chemical that led directly to life is termed the RNA world hypothesis. (the-scientist.com)
- According to the RNA World hypothesis, ribonucleic acid (RNA) played a critical role in the origin of life. (elementsmagazine.org)
Chromatin1
- Position-dependent function of a B block promoter element implies a specialized chromatin structure on the S.cerevisiae U6 RNA gene, SNR6. (semanticscholar.org)
Dicer4
- Our long-term goals are to structurally characterize and mechanistically define events associated with (1) processing of long double-stranded RNAs into siRNAs by the endonuclease acvtivity of Dicer and (2) guide-strand-mediated cleavage of target RNAs by Argonaute, the key component exhibiting slicer activity, within the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). (mskcc.org)
- Dicer also participates in small interfering RNA (siRNA) production from long RNA duplexes. (mskcc.org)
- The mature microRNA is processed from the longer hairpin precursor by the Dicer enzyme. (wikipedia.org)
- Cytoplasmic RNase III enzyme, Dicer, in conjunction with TAR RNA-binding protein 2 binds to the pre‑microRNA and cleaves the terminal loop. (mdpi.com)
Escherichia2
- A study was made of the cleavage by M1 RNA and RNase P of a non-tRNA precursor that can serve as a substrate for RNase P from Escherichia coli, namely, the precursor to 4·5 S RNA (p4·5S). (elsevier.com)
- Peck-Miller, KA & Altman, S 1991, ' Kinetics of the processing of the precursor to 4·5 S RNA, a naturally occurring substrate for RNase P from Escherichia coli ', Journal of molecular biology , vol. 221, no. 1, pp. 1-5. (elsevier.com)
Molecular12
- Expression of Precursor RNA Processing Factor 31 (PRPF31) mRNA in Patients with Autosomal Dominant Retinitis Pigmentosa: A Molecular `Clue' for Incomplete Penetrance? (arvojournals.org)
- Nevertheless, their role in the molecular pathogenesis of pediatric B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia has not been extensively explored. (ugent.be)
- Our investigation of the molecular biology of IL-16 has therefore subsequently focused on the characterization of this initially elusive IL-16 precursor. (pnas.org)
- Whether serotonin or norepinephrine has a direct effect on adult hippocampal precursors, and the cellular and molecular identity of such a precursor population, therefore remains unknown. (jneurosci.org)
- This makes it likely that life did not start with a pure 'RNA world' but with a molecular world in which RNA as well as very short protein chains were formed. (uni-stuttgart.de)
- Three metabolically distinct size-fractions were characterized: (1) nascent precursor-mRNA (apparent molecular weight 5 to 20 x 10(6), approximate half-life 30 min), (2) intermediate-size precursor-mRNA (molecular weight 1 to 5 x 10(6), approximate half-life 3 hr), (3) small precursor-mRNA (molecular weight 0.5 to 1.5 x 10(6), half-life more than 15 hr). (meta.org)
- In molecular biology, miR-194 microRNA precursor is a small non-coding RNA gene that regulated gene expression. (wikipedia.org)
- Our findings elucidate the molecular basis underlying inter-segment interactions in rotaviruses, paving the way for delineating similar RNA-RNA interactions that govern assembly of other segmented RNA viruses. (elifesciences.org)
- When Gerald Joyce, a professor in the departments of chemistry and molecular biology at the Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla, Calif., spoke about the RNA world at the 36th American Society for Cell Biology Annual Meeting in December 1996 in San Francisco, 2,000 people attended! (the-scientist.com)
- However, the interdependent contributions of RNA and protein subunits to molecular recognition by ribonucleoproteins are relatively unexplored. (bireme.br)
- Eukaryotic RNA polymerases, whose molecular masses vary in size from 500 to 700 kDa, contain two non-identical large (>100 kDa) subunits and an array of up to 12 different small (less than 50 kDa) subunits. (ebi.ac.uk)
- A team of scientists at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) has determined a hierarchical set of criteria that explain how the molecular precursors of gene-regulating small RNAs are sorted by the cellular machinery. (phys.org)
Vitro5
- Mutations in both the guide RNA and the pre-mRNA editing site suggest that base-pairing interactions control the number of uridines deleted in vitro. (sciencemag.org)
- Next, integration of this lncRNA signature with RNA sequencing of BCP-ALL cell lines and lncRNA profiling of an in vitro model system of ETV6/RUNX1 knockdown, revealed that lnc-NKX2-3-1, lnc-TIMM21-5, lnc-ASTN1-1 and lnc-RTN4R-1 are truly regulated by the oncogenic fusion protein. (ugent.be)
- The in vitro effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on RNA and heme synthesis by embryonic mouse liver erythroid precursors was examined. (meta.org)
- In the present study, we investigated the effects of serotonin and norepinephrine on adult hippocampal precursors in vitro using the neurosphere assay. (jneurosci.org)
- Adipose precursor cells, said Marra and co-authors, have demonstrated an ability to differentiate in vitro into cartilage (chondrogenic), bone (osteogenic), fat (adipogenic) and muscle (myogenic) cell types. (bio-medicine.org)
Sequence15
- To increase the biostability of the siRNA, we also constructed a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) using an H1/TO promoter with the same sequence of GEP-siRNA1 (GEP-shRNA). (spandidos-publications.com)
- It is a long-standing mystery why cells use such a strategy, rather than simply terminating transcription at the end of the mature RNA sequence. (asm.org)
- The 3′-terminal CCC sequence of p4·5 S may be as important for cleavage of this substrate as the 3′-terminal CCA sequence is for cleavage of tRNA precursors. (elsevier.com)
- The determinant for the pheromone in E. faecalis FA2-2, designated cad , was found to encode a 309-amino-acid lipoprotein precursor with the last 8 residues of its 22-amino acid signal sequence representing the cAD1 moiety. (asm.org)
- Our new observation that the pAD1-encoded inhibitor peptide, iAD1, whose precursor is itself a signal sequence, is also dependent on Eep is consistent with the likelihood that such processing occurs at the amino terminus of the cAD1 moiety. (asm.org)
- This review includes a sequence Logo of the most conserved region of La and its refined modeling as an RNA recognition motif (RRM). (ingentaconnect.com)
- Of the two pseudouridines found in mature tRNA, one (in the TΨC sequence) can be formed in intact precursor RNA. (core.ac.uk)
- Here, we present direct experimental evidence of sequence-specific inter-segment interactions between rotavirus RNAs, taking place in a complex RNA- and protein-rich milieu. (elifesciences.org)
- Accurate mapping is performed using Bowtie, and short RNAs are not showed here if their sequence counts are less than 10. (springer.com)
- In fact, we can track detailed metabolic process with continuous lengths of short RNAs, but short RNAs more than 6 nt length always have fewer sequence counts. (springer.com)
- In situ mapping of the 5' leader sequence of the 5' external transcribed spacer together with transcription labeling indicated that transcription and the first steps in processing of precursor rRNA are spatially separated. (biomedsearch.com)
- The predicted MFA1 sequence showed 100% sequence identity to PPG2 of Sordaria macrospora and structural similarity (a carboxy-terminal CAAX motif) to many hydrophobic fungal pheromone precursors. (asm.org)
- DNA-directed RNA polymerases EC:2.7.7.6 (also known as DNA-dependent RNA polymerases) are responsible for the polymerisation of ribonucleotides into a sequence complementary to the template DNA. (ebi.ac.uk)
- The RNA synthesis process continues until a termination sequence is reached. (ebi.ac.uk)
- The 42 nt sequence, termed an auxon because it serves as an exon or intron, appears to undergo alternative splicing from the precursor mRNA by a process that is regulated by both nutritional and environmental signals. (deepdyve.com)
Small14
- Using the CAPSID program, we designed three small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting the GEP gene (GEP-siRNA1, 2 and 3) and examined their tumor regression and suppression effects on cell proliferation. (spandidos-publications.com)
- Almost all small eukaryotic RNAs are processed from transiently stabilized 3′-extended forms. (asm.org)
- This webinar will address a range of methods for optimizing small RNA library preparation. (genomeweb.com)
- Downregulation of JIP-3 by small interfering RNA impairs neurite extension and reduces the amount of localized pAPP. (jneurosci.org)
- U6 RNA is a member of a class of small abundant stable nuclear RNAs that are essential for splicing. (semanticscholar.org)
- One strand of the small RNA duplex is subsequently loaded onto the Argonaute protein to yield an active RNA-induced silencing complex. (mskcc.org)
- Small interfering RNA (siRNA) has shown tremendous potential for treating human diseases in the past decades. (news-medical.net)
- B. distachyon small RNAs were cloned and deeply sequenced from 17 libraries that represent different tissues and stresses. (biomedcentral.com)
- v) precursors for small ncRNAs. (jcancer.org)
- We report genomic landscapes of representative epigenetic modifications and their relationships to mRNA and small RNA (smRNA) transcriptomes in maize shoots and roots. (plantcell.org)
- Small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a hitherto unrecognised role in regulation of gene expression. (phys.org)
- To advance existing knowledge of the regulatory properties of small RNAs and explore potential applications in the prevention or cure of diseases, the EU-funded Function of small RNAs across kingdoms (Fosrak) project examined evolutionary aspects of these RNAs. (phys.org)
- This data is a challenge our prior perception of the roles of small RNAs in health and disease, and is expected to open up new avenues of designing treatment strategies. (phys.org)
- Small silencing RNAs: an expanding universe. (medlineplus.gov)
RNase III2
- We show that the snR190 and U14 snoRNAs from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae are co-transcribed as a dicistronic precursor which is processed by the RNA endonuclease Rnt1, the yeast ortholog of bacterial RNase III. (nih.gov)
- Pri-microRNA is then cleaved and processed by the RNase III enzyme, Drosha-DGCR8 (DiGeorge syndrome critical region 8), a microprocessor complex which results in ~70 nucleotide stem loop precursor microRNA (pre-microRNA). (mdpi.com)
Abundant2
- Adipose tissues, shown to be multipotent, have also been shown to be an abundant source of post-natal precursor cells that are relatively easy to isolate from fat tissue and in sufficient amounts to be injected immediately post-isolation," said Dr. Kacey Marra, lead author of a study published in the current issue of the journal Cell Transplantation (18:2). (bio-medicine.org)
- A putative pheromone precursor gene of Neurospora crassa , mfa-1 (which encodes mating factor a -1), was identified as the most abundant clone in starved mycelial and perithecial cDNA libraries. (asm.org)
MRNA precursors1
- Involved in polyadenylation of mRNA precursors. (rcsb.org)
Functional9
- Addition of recombinant Rnt1 to yeast extracts made from RNT1 disruptants induces the chase of dicistronic RNAs into mature snoRNAs, showing that dicistronic RNAs correspond to functional precursors stalled in the processing pathway. (nih.gov)
- Structural biology of RNA silencing and its functional implications. (mskcc.org)
- however, no stringent proof can be given that the two smaller nuclear precursor-mRNA fractions are direct physical precursors of functional mRNA. (meta.org)
- Moreover, because these studies relied on RNA sequencing of bulk cell populations, potential heterogeneity representing distinct functional subsets or intermediate states of differentiation may have been missed. (thehub.press)
- Chen J, Miao Z, Xue B, Shan Y, Weng G, Shen B. Long Non-coding RNAs in Urologic Malignancies: Functional Roles and Clinical Translation. (jcancer.org)
- However, both precursor arms may give rise to functional levels of mature microRNA and the dominant product may change from species to species, from tissue to tissue, or between developmental stages. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- Tampa, Fla. (June 16, 2009) To determine if guided fat (adipose) precursor cells (APCs) could improve nerve regeneration and functional recovery, researchers at the University of Pittsburgh (USA) used biodegradable nerve guides to transplant APCs into the injured peripheral nerves of laboratory rats. (bio-medicine.org)
- Previously thought to be non-functional transcriptional "noise," non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are now known to play important roles in many diverse biological pathways, not least in vascular disease. (frontiersin.org)
- Our results indicate functional compartmentalization of DFCs with respect to the synthesis and processing of precursor rRNA. (biomedsearch.com)
Regulation4
- The miR-9 microRNA (homologous to miR-79), is a short non-coding RNA gene involved in gene regulation. (wikipedia.org)
- Antisense RNAs are well suited for cis-regulation of their sense counterparts. (jcancer.org)
- For the viruses listed below, regulation is limited to positive strand RNA forms of the viral genome which can be translated into protein precursors for virus production. (cdc.gov)
- The experimental work carried out by project partners was geared toward an in-depth understanding of RNA-mediated regulation in a variety of chosen model organisms. (phys.org)
Nuclear4
- β-arr1 knockout (KO) mice show reduced neural precursor proliferation in subgranular zone (SGZ) which could be rescued by selective viral expression of β-arr1 but not its nuclear-function-deficient mutants under control of hGFAP promotor in DG. (nature.com)
- Taken together, our data suggest that β-arr1 mediated nuclear signaling regulates the production of excretive factors derived from niche astrocytes and expansion of neural precursors in DG, thus maintaining homeostasis of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. (nature.com)
- We further propose that β-arr1-mediated signaling in niche astrocytes enhances the mitotic expansion of neural precursors in adult hippocampus and this may involve nuclear β-arr1-mediated transcription of excretive niche factors, such as BMP2, from astrocytes in neurogenic niche. (nature.com)
- La protects RNAs from 3′ exonucleolytic digestion and also contributes to their nuclear retention. (ingentaconnect.com)
TRNA2
- The overall efficiency of cleavage of p4·5S by RNase P is similar to that of wild-type tRNA precursors. (elsevier.com)
- ALKBH1 is an RNA dioxygenase responsible for cytoplasmic and mitochondrial tRNA modifications. (bireme.br)
Roles2
Splicing5
- A tumor-associated fibronectin isoform generated by alternative splicing of messenger RNA precursors. (rupress.org)
- Splicing of the U6 RNA precursor is impaired in fission yeast pre-mRNA splicing mutants. (semanticscholar.org)
- Splicing of messenger RNA precursors. (springer.com)
- U snRNPs Alternative splicing Intronic micro RNA biogenesis d spliceosome,which are connected by thepre- mRNA . (psu.edu)
- Alternative splicing of a precursor-mRNA encoded by the Chlorella sorokiniana NADP-specific. (deepdyve.com)
MRNAs1
- Thus, guide RNAs are required for RNA editing and for the transfer of genetic information to pre-mRNAs. (sciencemag.org)
Viral4
- PHPC-02 is a phase II, randomized, placebo-controlled trial designed to investigate whether therapeutic immunization during highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) induces elevations of HIV-specific T cell precursors with high proliferative capacity (PHPC) in HIV-1-infected individuals, and whether the quantity of PHPC correlates with the viral load set point following analytical treatment interruption (ATI). (clinicaltrials.gov)
- The precursor of the 55K adenovirus terminal protein is an 87K protein that is covalently linked to viral DNA. (cshl.edu)
- We show that binding of the rotavirus-encoded non-structural protein NSP2 to viral ssRNAs results in the remodeling of RNA, which is conducive to formation of stable inter-segment contacts. (elifesciences.org)
- A cDNA copy of the viral genomes listed below would not be regulated because they would first need to be transcribed into RNA then translated into protein and therefore would not be an immediate precursor to virus. (cdc.gov)
Gene expression2
- RNA-sequencing reveals that β-arr1 KO DG astrocytes exhibit an aberrant gene expression profile of niche factors, including elevated transcription of Bmp2 . (nature.com)
- Overall, the project findings provided important insight into how regulatory RNAs are integrated into the general network of gene expression. (phys.org)
Genetic4
- Up to now the solution for this dilemma was presumed to be that a so-called 'RNA world' was first, in which RNA acted both as a genetic material and as biocatalyst. (uni-stuttgart.de)
- In today's protein synthesis (left-hand side of graphic), the peptide chain grows to a full-length protein by migrating from one charged transfer-RNA to the next, with one amino acid residue being added during each step according to the genetic code. (uni-stuttgart.de)
- pave the way for identifying the RNA-RNA interactions that govern how other segmented RNA viruses can package their genetic material. (elifesciences.org)
- The past 10 years have seen an unprecedented accumulation of evidence presenting RNAs as ubiquitous regulators rather than merely passive transmitters of genetic information . (phys.org)
Eukaryotic2
- Eukaryotic cells contain a large number of stable RNA species, nearly all of which are synthesized by posttranscriptional processing from larger precursors. (asm.org)
- Eukaryotic cells are also known to contain separate mitochondrial and chloroplast RNA polymerases. (ebi.ac.uk)
Cleavage1
- A motif within the U3 homolog is complementary to the region around the three cleavage sites in the pre-RNA substrate. (sciencemag.org)
Peptide2
- The nonisogenic E. faecalis strain V583 determinant encodes a homologous precursor protein, but it differs at two amino acid positions, both of which are located within the pheromone peptide moiety (positions 2 and 8). (asm.org)
- This explains why longer peptidyl RNAs were able to form, as this structural arrangement allows both the peptide chain and the RNA chain to grow simultaneously. (uni-stuttgart.de)
Neuronal2
- Self-renewing, multipotent neural precursor cells (NPCs) are capable of terminally differentiating into neuronal and glial lineages during development and in the adult nervous system ( 1 , 2 ). (pnas.org)
- These findings suggest that the activation of neurogenic precursors and stem cells via β 3 -adrenergic receptors could be a potent mechanism to increase neuronal production, providing a putative target for the development of novel antidepressants. (jneurosci.org)
Nascent2
- The CTD of human La recognizes the 5′ end region of nascent RNA in a manner that is sensitive to serine 366 phosphorylation. (ingentaconnect.com)
- some investigators have detected nascent RNA in the dense fibrillar components (DFCs) while others have localized transcription to the fibrillar centers (FCs). (biomedsearch.com)
Multipotent neural1
- Here we show that norepinephrine but not serotonin directly activates self-renewing and multipotent neural precursors, including stem cells, from the hippocampus of adult mice. (jneurosci.org)
Double-stranded2
- Genomes of rotaviruses (RVs), and other pathogens of the Reoviridae family, comprise nine to twelve double-stranded (ds)RNA segments, co-packaged into each infectious virion. (elifesciences.org)
- A group of 22-nucleotide siRNAs may originate from long-hairpin double-stranded RNAs and preferentially target gene-coding regions. (plantcell.org)
Mice2
- Here, we show that there was a significantly larger population of marginal zone precursor (MZ-P) B cells, defined as being IgM hi CD1d hi CD21 hi CD23 hi in the spleens of autoimmune BXD2 mice compared with B6 mice. (jimmunol.org)
- GFP expression in Zbtb46 gfp/+ mice recapitulated the cDC-specific expression of the native locus, being restricted to cDC precursors (pre-cDCs) and lymphoid organ- and tissue-resident cDCs. (rupress.org)
Nucleotide3
- The larger of the intervening RNAs is located next to the 480 nucleotide mRNA-specific fragment, and the smaller intervening RNA is located between the 205 and 155 nucleotide mRNA-specific fragments. (nih.gov)
- Nucleotide sugars are the key precursors for all glycosylation reactions and are required both for oligo- and polysaccharides synthesis and protein and lipid glycosylation. (frontiersin.org)
- Among all nucleotide sugars, UDP-sugars are the most important precursors for biomass production in nature (e.g., synthesis of cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectins for cell wall production). (frontiersin.org)
Genome2
- Only recently have we begun to appreciate the importance and complexity of the non-coding genome, owing in some part to truly significant advances in genomic technology such as RNA sequencing and genome-wide profiling studies. (frontiersin.org)
- RT "Genome-wide comparative in silico analysis of the RNA helicase gene RT family in Zea mays and Glycine max: a comparison with Arabidopsis and RT Oryza sativa. (genome.jp)
Messenger2
- Cell-free translation of enkephalin-precursor messenger RNA from bovine adrenal medulla and corpus striatum. (elsevier.com)
- In the first step of making a protein from a gene, another type of RNA called messenger RNA (mRNA) is formed and acts as the blueprint for protein production. (medlineplus.gov)
Neural4
- Here we show that β-arrestin 1 (β-arr1) in dentate gyrus (DG) regulates neural precursor proliferation. (nature.com)
- Recent work revealed that niche cells could regulate the properties of neural precursors through secretion of certain niche factors (environmental cues). (nature.com)
- As a well-known type of niche cells, astrocytes are also able to sustain neural precursors and believed to be a predominant source of many adhesive and soluble niche factors 8 . (nature.com)
- Similarly, systemic injection of the β-adrenergic receptor agonist isoproterenol not only results in enhancement of proliferation in the SGZ but also leads to an increase in the percentage of nestin/glial fibrillary acidic protein double-positive neural precursors in vivo . (jneurosci.org)