Rna duplexes single strand specific dna and rna endonucleases. Medical search. Frequent questions

The viral genome of positive-strand RNA viruses is infectious, as it produces infectious virus upon introduction into a cell. (bvsalud.org)
In this study, we tested the inactivation of the viral genome after RNA fragmentation or cDNA synthesis, using the Trinidad Donkey and TC-83 strains of VEEV. (bvsalud.org)
Our results imply that rare 6mA in the mammalian genome is introduced by RNA m 6 A machinery via a non-targeted mechanism. (nature.com)
In all cells, high-fidelity pathways repair DNA to maintain the integrity of the genome. (biomedcentral.com)
CRISPR-Cas9, an RNA-guided genome editing technology, is revolutionizing cell biology due to the ease and efficiency by which it enables genetic manipulation of mammalian cells. (stemcell.com)
Early attempts to apply CRISPR-Cas9 for genome editing in CD34 + HSPCs used plasmids for Cas9 and guide RNA (gRNA) expression, which resulted in low targeting efficiency and high toxicity. (stemcell.com)
To date, CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing approaches have relied on a cellular mechanism called homology-directed repair, which is triggered by double-strand breaks in DNA. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
This structure allows dsDNA to bind to specific regions of the genome, which can be used to target and inhibit the expression of specific genes. (inventiv.org)
Purine versus Pyrimidine exchange, or vice versa Estimate how often DNA polymerase makes a mistake, put this into perspective to typical plant genome size? (usadellab.org)
CRISPR genome editing is a technology that enables precise, intentional, and permanent changes in the DNA of living organisms. (idtdna.com)
These unusual DNA sequences were first found within the genome of E. coli in 1987 and are now known to be part of a bacterial adaptive defense mechanism against invading bacterial viruses (bacteriophages) [1] . (idtdna.com)
These repeats are short sequences separating viral DNA sequences that are integrated into the bacterial genome after a previous infection. (idtdna.com)
To apply CRISPR technology in the lab, researchers design a small RNA molecule , including a short sequence that matches a target sequence within a genome. (idtdna.com)
CRISPR technology relies on two components, a Cas nuclease and a guide RNA (gRNA), that are delivered into a cell to cut the cell's genome at a target location. (idtdna.com)
The gRNA is designed to match a target site in the genome that is next to a site called a protospacer-adjacent motif (see below) and guides the Cas enzyme where to precisely cut the genomic DNA. (idtdna.com)
Since the genome of an organism is fixed, chromosomal DNA may be isolated from almost any cell type in order to prepare genomic DNA. (biologydiscussion.com)
By digesting complex genomic DNA from an organism it is possible to reproducibly divide its genome into a large number of small fragments, each approximately the size of a single gene. (biologydiscussion.com)
Comparative analyses of the genome indicated that CRISPR and cas proteins work together, and prokaryotic cells have an acquired immune system similar to that of the RNA-interference (RNAi) seen in eukaryotic cells (7). (idcmjournal.org)
Firstly, the spacer sequences in the CRISPR system, which arise from the phage genome, were transcribed with small RNAs, known as crRNA that were responsible for guiding the cas proteins to the target DNA (9). (idcmjournal.org)
However, like all members of genus Dependoparvovirus , each pre-mRNA class contains an intron in the middle of the genome which, when excised, utilizes a single splice donor site and either one of two splice acceptor sites. (ictv.global)
The Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 system is the latest RNA-guided endonuclease tool in genome editing which allows for very specific genomic disruption and replacement. (mbpinc.net)
19 ] that proposed a number of criteria to unambiguously identify miRNAs (e.g. presence of miRNA and miRNA*, non-repetitive match to the genome, miRNA and miRNA* form a 2 nt overhang on the 3′ ends of the duplex) showed that the majority of identified miRNA types from unicellular protists might be explained by alternative means. (biomedcentral.com)
Epigenetics acts through two mechanisms: (1) modifications to chromosomal proteins that alter the 3D conformation of the genome and/or protein-DNA interactions and (2) chemical modification of the DNA strand itself ( Kondo, 2009 ). (frontiersin.org)
DNA methylation is considered a "soft" and potentially reversible change to the genome that can define or adapt to tumor biology and is functionally equivalent to genetic changes like mutation or deletion ( Kulis and Esteller, 2010 ). (frontiersin.org)
CRISPR RNA-guided endonucleases (RGENs) have rapidly emerged as a facile and efficient platform for genome editing. (cdc.gov)
Shortening of the 5'-terminus of the daughter strand, caused by the removal of the terminal RNA-primer and the subsequent incomplete replication of linear DNA molecules, is observed during the genome replication occurring upon cell fission. (actanaturae.ru)

As well as clearing of cellular RNA that is no longer required, RNases play key roles in the maturation of all RNA molecules, both messenger RNAs that carry genetic material for making proteins and non-coding RNAs that function in varied cellular processes. (wikipedia.org)
At least in plants, DNA regions that become de novo methylated can be defined by homologous RNA molecules in a process termed RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM). (degruyter.com)
Viroids are pathogenic circular, non-coding, single-stranded RNA molecules. (degruyter.com)
Viroids are non-encapsidated, single-stranded (ss), 250-400 nucleotide (nt)-long circular RNA molecules that do not encode proteins (1, 2). (degruyter.com)
Upon inoculation, mature Pospiviroidae RNA molecules enter the plant cell nucleus. (degruyter.com)
Single RNA molecules comprised of both crRNA and tracrRNA sequences. (idtdna.com)
Small non-protein-coding RNA molecules, composed of around 22 nucleotides, are commonly named as miRNAs ( 1 - 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
Dicer cleaves long dsRNA molecules into short, 21-22 nucleotide duplexes which are subsequently unwound by the RISC to yield mature siRNAs. (biomedcentral.com)
There will, of course, also be pairing of fragments derived from the same starting DNA molecules, termed re-annealing. (biologydiscussion.com)
RNA molecules can also be detected and manipulated through amplification via the use of reverse transcriptases (RT), which are RNA-dependent DNA Polymerases. (neb.com)
The proteins involved in homologous recombination have to work around other processes that go on inside the nucleus, such as the transcription of DNA in genes into RNA molecules. (elifesciences.org)
The genetic information in eukaryotic cells is stored in linear DNA molecules known as chromosomes [ 1 ]. (actanaturae.ru)
G-quadruplexes are secondary semi-stable folded structures found in our DNA and RNA which tend to assemble around guanine-rich sequences in the presence of cation molecules like potassium. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)

Compelling evidence now shows that AID travels with RNA polymerase II to deaminate actively transcribed DNA. (biomedcentral.com)
Specific functional analogies are drawn between several components of CASS and proteins involved in eukaryotic RNAi, including the double-stranded RNA-specific helicase-nuclease (dicer), the endonuclease cleaving target mRNAs (slicer), and the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. (biomedcentral.com)
They are usually generated from either exons or introns of both protein-coding and non-coding transcripts that are processed by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) [ 12 - 14 ]. (ijbs.com)
As DNA polymerase can't copy the ends, one way to maintain the ends is telomerase an enzyme using internal RNA as template. (usadellab.org)
As the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is the most common DNA amplification method in molecular biology, NEB's product portfolio features a large selection of polymerases geared towards this powerful method. (neb.com)
As the first company to sell Taq DNA Polymerase to the research market, the first to discover a PCR-stable, high-fidelity DNA polymerase, and the first to provide reagents for PCR performed in space , NEB has a long history of developing reliable and convenient PCR tools. (neb.com)
Instead of heat, these methods typically employ a strand-displacing DNA polymerase, like Bst DNA Polymerase, Large Fragment , to separate duplex DNA. (neb.com)

N 6 -deoxyadenosine methylation (6mA) is the most widespread type of DNA modification in prokaryotes and is also abundantly distributed in some unicellular eukaryotes. (nature.com)
Since then, he has been working as a postodoc in Dr. Wassenegger's lab (RLP AgroScience GmbH, AlPlanta) and his main field of interest is RNA-interference (RNAi) and RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) in plants. (degruyter.com)
His fields of research comprise RNA-mediated gene silencing processes with a focus on epigenetic phenomena, including studies on RNA-directed DNA methylation, the characterization of virus silencing suppressor proteins, the development of plant bioreactor platforms and viroid research. (degruyter.com)
In eukaryotes, DNA methylation refers to the addition of a methyl group to the fifth atom in the six-atom ring of cytosine residues. (degruyter.com)
The recruitment of this machinery results in the production of viroid-derived small RNAs (vd-sRNAs) that mediate RNA degradation and DNA methylation of cognate sequences. (degruyter.com)
Methylation of Adenine e.g. for the bacterial restriction system Why is DNA methylation (in eukaryotes) risky? (usadellab.org)
Carcinogenesis is accompanied by widespread DNA methylation changes within the cell. (frontiersin.org)
This allows DNA methylation cancer biomarkers to be suitable for early detection and also to have utility across a range of areas relevant to cancer detection and treatment. (frontiersin.org)
These properties make cancer-associated DNA methylation changes very attractive for development of cancer biomarker tests with substantive clinical utility. (frontiersin.org)
Across the patient journey from initial detection, to treatment and then monitoring, there are several points where DNA methylation assays can inform clinical practice. (frontiersin.org)
Cancer-associated DNA methylation changes can also be detected with accuracy in the cell-free DNA present in blood, stool, urine, and other biosamples. (frontiersin.org)
This review will summarize existing DNA methylation cancer biomarkers used in clinical practice across the application domains above, discuss what makes a suitable DNA methylation cancer biomarker, and identify barriers to translation. (frontiersin.org)
The best characterized chemical modification of DNA is the methylation of cytosine to 5-methylcytosine (5mC) that occurs almost exclusively in the context of a cytosine base linked by the DNA phosphate-backbone to guanosine, termed a CpG site. (frontiersin.org)

In addition, active RNA degradation systems are the first defense against RNA viruses and provide the underlying machinery for more advanced cellular immune strategies such as RNAi. (wikipedia.org)
Since then, she has been working as a postodoc in Dr. Wassenegger's lab (RLP AgroScience GmbH, AlPlanta) and her main field of interest is RNA-interference (RNAi) and viroid biology in plants. (degruyter.com)
From RNA interference (RNAi) to CRISPR, there are several methods that researchers can use to manipulate gene function, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. (technologynetworks.com)
RNA interference (RNAi) was the primary tool for disrupting gene expression (along with zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) and transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALENs)) but newer CRISPR-based technologies, including CRISPR knockout (CRISPRko) and CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) are viable options. (technologynetworks.com)
RNAi involves transferring a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) into a cell where it is cleaved and processed into smaller RNA fragments (21 nucleotides). (technologynetworks.com)
Importantly, RNAi-based knockdown is temporary, and effect duration is contingent upon RNA turnover (both for endogenous mRNA and exogenous RNAi modulators). (technologynetworks.com)
RNAi using dsRNA has been found to evoke a double-stranded RNA immune response in mammalian cells which can affect cell viability. (technologynetworks.com)
In contrast to RNAi, CRISPR-based gene manipulation requires a guide RNA and a programmable Cas endonuclease protein. (technologynetworks.com)
Achieving a mechanistic and experimental middle ground between CRISPR-mediated gene knockout, whereby gene expression is reduced at the DNA level, and RNAi, in which target knockdown is not permanent, is CRISPRi. (technologynetworks.com)
These companies are using a variety of approaches, including the use of RNA interference (RNAi), antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), and gene editing technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9. (inventiv.org)
A region of a dsRNA sequence with a length of 19 nucleotides or more is complementary enough to a target RNA nucleotide to trigger destruction by the RNAi mechanism. (inventiv.org)
Comparative-genomic analysis of CRISPR and cas genes leads to the hypothesis that the CRISPR-Cas system (CASS) is a mechanism of defense against invading phages and plasmids that functions analogously to the eukaryotic RNA interference (RNAi) systems. (biomedcentral.com)
miRNAs are the most common and best understood class of non-coding RNAs, but with ongoing research in the field of RNAi, differences and similarities in biogenesis and functionality of the different smRNA classes are becoming clearer [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

microRNAs (miRNAs) are a large class of small non-coding RNAs with a length of 21-23 nucleotides (nt) [ 11 ]. (ijbs.com)
Furthermore, these unnatural nucleotides developed by various groups have the ability to store and transcribe the information just like the natural DNA. (fortuneonline.org)
The genetic information of life on Earth have been conserved in natural nucleotides-A, G, C, T(U) forming two exclusive sets of base pairs A-T(U) & G-C, that complementing to the fundamental processes of DNA replication & RNA transcription by several polymerases and translation to functional proteins via ribosomal reactions. (fortuneonline.org)
Thus, while inculcating the UBPs in a DNA structure, their aromatic scaffolds must exhibit hydrophobic packing and must have hydrogen bond donor groups for the artificial nucleotides to interact with polymerases for their efficient incorporation in the non-template strand to bind with their UB partner in template strand [1-3]. (fortuneonline.org)

Guide RNAs (gRNAs) contain the target-specific sequence for guiding Cas9 protein to a genomic location. (idtdna.com)
We guarantee that predesigned Alt-R CRISPR-Cas9 guide RNAs will provide successful editing at the target site, when delivered as a ribonucleoprotein complex as described in the Alt-R Protocols, using Alt-R CRISPR-Cas9 guide RNAs (crRNA:tracrRNA duplex or sgRNA) and either Alt-R S.p. (idtdna.com)
Researchers supply cells with a template containing the desired sequence, make a targeted double-strand break with the Cas9 enzyme, and then wait to see whether homology-directed repair incorporates the template to reconnect the strands. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
First, they inactivated part of Cas9 so that it couldn't make the double-strand break. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
They then tethered Cas9 to an enzyme called cytidine deaminase that directly catalyzes conversion of C to U (essentially an equivalent of thymine, T), without DNA cleavage. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
The team again modified Cas9, this time so that it would create a nick in the nonedited, G-containing strand, while leaving the edited, U-containing strand intact. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
Following the discovery of the CRISPR-Cas system in prokaryotes, it was shown that S. pyogenes Cas9 nuclease could be directed by a gRNA (see description below) to cleave genomic DNA at target locations. (idtdna.com)
From the studies on the CRISPR-Cas9 system, in addition to the crRNA, a second small trans-activating CRISP RNA (tracrRNA) was discovered in 2011. (idcmjournal.org)
Both RNAs formed a duplex which directed the Cas9 to its target (10). (idcmjournal.org)
The Cas9 nuclease serves to unwind the genomic DNA duplex next to conserved protospacer adjacent motifs (PAMs) and homes in on its target sequence, which is recognized by a complementary single-guide RNA. (mbpinc.net)
Research studies have reported that an extended secondary DNA on the guide crRNA for Cas12a or a hairpin RNA structure added to the sgRNA for Cas9 increases the efficiency and specificity of gene editing. (biorxiv.org)
We found that as a CRISPRa activator, Un1Cas12f1 could induce gene expression with a comparable level to that of Cas12a and Cas9, while as a DNA cleavage editor, Cas12f1 exhibited similar properties to Cas12a, like high specificity and dominantly induced deletions over insertions, but with less activity. (biomedcentral.com)

In addition to template-complementary synthesis, many polymerases extend their duplex products by nontemplated nucleotide addition (NTA). (bvsalud.org)
In another embodiment, the present invention relates to a gene comprising a DNA sequence having at least a portion of the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1. (justia.com)
The present invention also relates to a DNA which hybridizes with a DNA having at least a portion of the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:1, and which codes for a protein having neurogenesis inducing activity. (justia.com)

RNase H is a non-specific endonuclease and catalyzes the cleavage of RNA via a hydrolytic mechanism, aided by an enzyme-bound divalent metal ion. (wikipedia.org)
Early in B- and T-cell development, site-specific cleavage and rejoining of V, D and J gene segments occurs to encode functional antigen receptors. (biomedcentral.com)
This toxicity can be avoided by switching to short interfering RNAs (siRNAs), which are truncated RNA duplexes that bypass the aforementioned dsRNA cleavage step, retain targeted gene silencing abilities of dsRNA, and do not trigger the deleterious immune response in mammalian cells. (technologynetworks.com)
Class 2 CRISPR/Cas (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR-associated proteins) systems, such as Cas12a (Cpf1, subtype V-A) and Cas13a (C2c2, subtype VI), are capable of nonspecific cleavage of ssDNA (single-stranded DNA) and RNA, respectively, in addition to successful gene editing. (biorxiv.org)
We speculate that chemical modifications of the crRNA can potentially change its nature of binding and subsequently alter this collateral cleavage due to conformational changes of the Cas12a dynamic endonuclease domain. (biorxiv.org)
Most regarded terminase enzymes possess a tiny subunit that particularly binds the viral DNA as well as the massive subunit with endonuclease activity for DNA cleavage and an ATPase activity that powers DNA packaging. (jak1inhibitor.com)

We offer 3 gRNA formats: crRNA:tracrRNA duplex, crRNA XT:tracrRNA duplex, and single guide RNA (sgRNA). (idtdna.com)
To be used with tracrRNA to form a functional gRNA duplex. (idtdna.com)
Note: If you have protospacer designs of your own, or designs from publications, use our design checker tool to assess their on- and off-targeting potential before ordering guide RNAs that are synthesized with using our Alt-R gRNA modifications. (idtdna.com)
This RNA molecule, known as guide RNA (gRNA) , binds to the Cas enzyme and guides it to the target sequence where editing will take place. (idtdna.com)
We find that single and double mismatches are tolerated to varying degrees depending on their position along the guide RNA (gRNA)-DNA interface. (cdc.gov)
To begin to define the specificity determinants of RGENs in human cells, we sought to perform a large-scale test in which we assessed the effects of systematically mismatching various positions within multiple gRNA/target DNA interfaces. (cdc.gov)
HIV-1 is composed of two copies of positive single-stranded genomic RNA (gRNA). (biomedcentral.com)

Similar to restriction enzymes, which cleave highly specific sequences of double-stranded DNA, a variety of endoribonucleases that recognize and cleave specific sequences of single-stranded RNA have been recently classified. (wikipedia.org)
The ArciTect™ sgRNA (single guide RNA) or ArciTect™ crRNA (CRISPR RNA) sequences can be designed using the CRISPR Design Tool once a target locus for editing is identified. (stemcell.com)
attempts to demonstrate virus-specific sequences in human tumors. (liverpool.ac.uk)
All archaeal and many bacterial genomes contain Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindrome Repeats (CRISPR) and variable arrays of the CRISPR-associated ( cas ) genes that have been previously implicated in a novel form of DNA repair on the basis of comparative analysis of their protein product sequences. (biomedcentral.com)
The term "repeats" refers to repetitive DNA sequences found in bacterial genomes. (idtdna.com)
The CRISPR sequences recognize the DNA of a newly invading virus, facilitating its destruction by the Cas enzyme. (idtdna.com)
These enzymes are the key to molecular cloning because of the specificity they have for particular DNA sequences. (biologydiscussion.com)
The telomeres consist of repeating sequences and a set of special proteins, which interact with these repeats and spatially organize them in a specific manner, resulting in the formation of the nucleoprotein complex known as telomeric heterochromatin [ 6 , 7 ]. (actanaturae.ru)

VEEV is a select agent and samples containing viral RNA are subject to additional regulations due to their infectious nature. (bvsalud.org)
eb viral dna in european burkitt lymphoma and immunoblastic lymphadenopathy with excessive plasmacytosis. (liverpool.ac.uk)
PCR analyses in applications such as genomic or viral DNA screening in human samples, T7E1 CRISPR mutation detection assays. (biosearchtech.com)
For example, murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV-68)-encoded miRNAs are located downstream of viral tRNAs and transcribed by RNA Pol III [ 2 ]. (ijbs.com)
The virus provided a convenient source of DNA for hybridization reactions and RNA extracted from adeno-infected cultured cells was a rich source of viral RNA. (brainkart.com)
The regions a, b, c and d of viral RNA hybridize, but the regions between these segments are missing from the RNA, and the DNA accordingly loops out. (brainkart.com)
9 , 10 In addition, chemically modified Cas12a guided-RNA has also been shown to facilitate improved gene correction in mammalian cells through both viral-and non-viral methods compared to the wild-type guide RNA. (biorxiv.org)
Extensive experiments have been performed on HIV-1 as well as other retroviruses, all suggesting that HIV-1 genetic recombination results from a "copy choice" mechanism i.e. the alternating use of two templates during the synthesis of a single viral DNA strand [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Ribonuclease (commonly abbreviated RNase) is a type of nuclease that catalyzes the degradation of RNA into smaller components. (wikipedia.org)
RNase L is an interferon-induced nuclease that, upon activation, destroys all RNA within the cell EC 3.1.26.5: RNase P is a type of ribonuclease that is unique in that it is a ribozyme - a ribonucleic acid that acts as a catalyst in the same way as an enzyme. (wikipedia.org)
It was anticipated that a specific RNA target for AID would soon be identified, and would in all likelihood be found to encode a master regulator in the form of a critical nuclease or transcription factor [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
siRNAs are produced from double-stranded RNAs of viruses and transposable elements, which are processed by the dicer nuclease, one of the essential components of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complexes (RISCs) [ 7 - 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Cas proteins have helicase and nuclease functions, hence their ability to unwind and cut the targeted DNA segments. (idcmjournal.org)
Since S1 nuclease digests single-stranded RNA and DNA and can act endonucleolytically, it removes all single-stranded or unpaired regions from RNA and DNA. (brainkart.com)
U2OS.EGFP cells caused by inactivating frameshift insertion/deletion (indel) mutations introduced by error prone non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) repair of nuclease-induced double-stranded breaks (DSBs) (Fig. 1a and Methods ). (cdc.gov)

Three classes of small RNAs (smRNAs) have been described, microRNAs (miRNAs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

It also digests double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-Dicer family of RNAse, cutting pre-miRNA (60-70bp long) at a specific site and transforming it in miRNA (22-30bp), that is actively involved in the regulation of transcription and mRNA life-time. (wikipedia.org)
When the RNA fragments complex with a complementary (target) mRNA sequence and an endogenous silencing complex, mRNA is fragmented, preventing its translation. (technologynetworks.com)
and a cDNA library, which represents the mRNA from a cell or tissue at a specific point of time. (biologydiscussion.com)
In contrast, however, cDNA libraries represent only mRNA being produced from a specific cell type at a particular time in the cell's development. (biologydiscussion.com)
Figure 5.13 RNA-DNA hybrid between a single-stranded fragment of ade-novirus DNA and hexon mRNA extracted from cells. (brainkart.com)
The RNA and DNA are not complementary at the 5' end of the mRNA. (brainkart.com)
Integration of smRNA and mRNA expression profiling identified a variety of processes that could be under microRNA control, e.g. protein modification, signaling, gene expression, and response to DNA damage. (biomedcentral.com)
Rather than isolate a single copy of the target DNA from a large number of cells, it is often more useful to generate multiple copies of a target from a single molecule of DNA or mRNA, via an in vitro amplification method. (neb.com)
Phages were isolated from a DCP1 cDNA sequence was amplified from C. DNA (PolyATtract mRNA Isolation Systems, Promega and ProtoScript First Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit, NEB). (itwontfailbecauseofme.com)

One of its functions is to cleave off a leader sequence from the 5' end of one stranded pre-tRNA. (wikipedia.org)
RNase PhyM is sequence specific for single-stranded RNAs. (wikipedia.org)
EC 3.1.27.3: RNase T1 is sequence specific for single-stranded RNAs. (wikipedia.org)
The template polyadenosine tract is recognized in a sequence-specific manner by five distinct domains. (bvsalud.org)
With sequence alignments and structure modeling to guide mutagenesis, we generated enzyme variants across motifs generally conserved or specific to RT subgroups. (bvsalud.org)
Somatic hypermutation alters variable region sequence, and switch recombination joins a new constant region (Cγ1) to the expressed variable region, producing an extrachromosomal DNA circle (bottom), which contains the deleted region. (biomedcentral.com)
The guide RNA complexes with the Cas endonuclease, is transported to the nucleus, and creates a DNA double-strand break (DSB) at a site pre-programmed in the targeting sequence of the guide RNA. (technologynetworks.com)
Most genetic diseases in humans are caused by point mutations-single base errors in the DNA sequence. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
Then cellular DNA repair mechanisms are activated, allowing genomic DNA sequence changes to occur, as described below. (idtdna.com)
This means that digesting genomic DNA with EcoRI, which recognizes the sequence 5′-GAATTC-3′, will produce fragments each of which is, on average, just over 4 kb. (biologydiscussion.com)
After transcription, and before translation, the RNA copy of the gene containing the sequence was cut and spliced to recover the intact uninterrupted gene. (brainkart.com)
Previous analysis of the salivary gland transcriptome of Culex quinquefasciatus showed the potential presence of an endonuclease with sequence similarities to shrimp, crab and two tsetse salivary proteins. (silverchair.com)
endonuclease (CuquEndo) produced in mammalian cells showed no sequence specificity for DNA substrate except that it only cleaves double-stranded DNA. (silverchair.com)
However,some nucleases showing little sequence specificity do recognize certain structural features of their respective DNA substrates other than ss/ds DNA. (silverchair.com)
For point of care and other diagnostic applications, sequence-specific isothermal amplification methods, that eliminate the need for thermocycling, have been particularly useful. (neb.com)
These single-stranded DNA 'tails' are then free to interact with an intact copy of the same DNA sequence from elsewhere in the cell's nucleus, which is used as a guide when repairing the damage. (elifesciences.org)
Author Manuscript genomic DNA sequence of interest that lies next to a protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) matching the sequence NGG5-12, 14 (Supplementary Fig. 1). (cdc.gov)
The sequence depth of MPSS allowed us to capture and quantify almost all the transcripts at a specific stage in the development of the grape berry. (biomedcentral.com)
The negative supercoiling of DNA can induce sequence-dependent conformational changes that give rise to local DNA structures and alternative DNA conformations such as cruciforms, A-DNA, left-handed DNA (Z-DNA), triplexes, four-stranded DNA (quadruplexes) and others [ 2 , 3 ]( ref )" But we don't really get into most of those other types here. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)

The invention is more specifically directed at compositions that contain double-stranded DNA (?dsRNA? (inventiv.org)
The invention is directed to compositions that contain double stranded RNA (?dsRNA? (inventiv.org)
Suppression of gene expression by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) has been demonstrated in a variety of systems including plants (post-transcriptional gene suppression) (Napoli et al. (inventiv.org)
1998). Double-stranded (dsRNA), which is more stable than ssRNA, has been shown to suppress gene expression in a variety of systems including plants (post-transcriptional gene suppression) (Napoli et al. (inventiv.org)

All organisms studied contain many RNases of two different classes, showing that RNA degradation is a very ancient and important process. (wikipedia.org)
RI is used in most laboratories that study RNA to protect their samples against degradation from environmental RNases. (wikipedia.org)
Since the DSB ends undergo nucleolytic degradation (resection) of their 5′-ending strands, we investigated the contribution of resection in this DSB-induced transcriptional inhibition. (elifesciences.org)

EC 3.1.26.12: RNase E is a ribonuclease of plant origin, which modulates SOS responses in bacteria, for a response to the stress of DNA damage by activation of the SOS mechanism by the RecA/LexA dependent signal transduction pathway that transcriptionally depresses a multiplicity of genes leading to transit arrest of cell division as well as initiation of DNA repair. (wikipedia.org)
We guarantee* our predesigned guide RNAs targeting human or mouse, rat, zebrafish, or nematode genes. (idtdna.com)
One of the most promising approaches is the use of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) to specifically target and inhibit the expression of genes. (inventiv.org)
A DNA library is a set of cloned fragments that collectively represent the genes of a particular organism. (biologydiscussion.com)
Particular genes can be isolated from DNA libraries, much as books can be obtained from conventional libraries. (biologydiscussion.com)
In parallel studies, genes encoding DNA-repair proteins specific for hyperthermophilic archea, were shown to be related to CRISPR, and were later defined as the cas (CRISPR-associated) genes (6). (idcmjournal.org)
In order to study or detect individual genes or specific DNA regions or mutations of interest, it is often necessary to obtain a large quantity of nucleic acid for study. (neb.com)
Here we show that in Saccharomyces cerevisiae a single DSB causes transcriptional inhibition of proximal genes independently of Tel1/ATM and Mec1/ATR. (elifesciences.org)
Previous research has reported that forming a double-strand break in the DNA reduces the levels of transcription for the genes that surround the break, but it was not clear how this occurred. (elifesciences.org)
In mammalian cells, inhibiting the transcription of genes around a double-strand DNA break depends on a signaling pathway that is activated whenever DNA damage is detected. (elifesciences.org)
One of the next challenges will be to see if the resection process makes any contribution to changes in the transcription of genes that surround a double-strand break in mammals as well. (elifesciences.org)
This indicates that these E. ictaluri phages, similarly to most dsDNA viruses, use a DNA packaging motor consisting of two nonstructural proteins encoded by adjacent genes. (jak1inhibitor.com)
Genomic genes with the Rev: RNA cation and Ran: GTP and has been to begin with Statistics coalescing missing of the RRE-Rev-CRM1-RanGTP pair to the AIM2 tunnel and the lipid of the export across the inflammatory interaction evolution. (evakoch.com)

DsDNA is a molecule that consists of two complementary strands of DNA that are bound together by hydrogen bonds. (inventiv.org)
DNA as a molecule is very long. (usadellab.org)
It is important to note that every copy of a given DNA molecule from a specific organism will give the same set of fragments when digested with a particular enzyme. (biologydiscussion.com)

The discovery of the elaborate and versatile systems of RNA silencing in eukaryotes is one of the pivotal advances in biology of the last decade [ 1 - 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Enzymes recognizing helical parameters such as groove width and flexibility(Dnase-I) or helical distortions caused by abasic sites (exonuclease III,HAP1), and enzymes specific for such structures as flap DNA (5′nucleases of eukaryotes and phage and eubacterial DNA polymerases) and four-way junctions (T4 endonuclease VII, RuvC) have been reported (reviewed by Suck, 1997 ). (silverchair.com)

These can change the localization of the nucloesomes with respect to the DNA Give ONE example of nucleosome remodelling complexes. (usadellab.org)
The CRISPR/Cas12a RNA-guided complexes have a tremendous potential for nucleic acid detection due to its ability to indiscriminately cleave ssDNA once bound to a target DNA. (biorxiv.org)
So, you can see how considering G-complexes make DNA look a lot more complicated. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
At actin there allow mainly specific NPs, far the host of complexes signalling Nursing Council pathway is to be. (evakoch.com)

Animal and plant genomes produce numerous small RNAs (smRNAs) that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally affecting metabolism, development, and epigenetic inheritance. (biomedcentral.com)

various biopsies from different european malignant lymphomas, two biopsies from nasopharyngeal carcinomas, and material from non-neoplastic lymph nodes were assayed for the presence of epstein-barr virus (ebv) dna by nucleic acid hybridization. (liverpool.ac.uk)
Our suite of DNA and RNA extraction and purification reagents yield high-quality nucleic acids, without burdening your team with lengthy protocols and complex workflows. (biosearchtech.com)
This phenomenon has been efficiently harnessed by SHERLOCK (Specific High-sensitivity Enzymatic Reporter unLOCKing) and DETECTR (DNA Endonuclease Targeted CRISPR Trans Reporter) to reliably detect nucleic acids. (biorxiv.org)
article{, title = {Comprehensive features of natural and in vitro selected GNRA tetraloop-binding receptors}, author = { C. Geary and S. Baudrey and L. Jaeger}, year = {2008}, date = {2008-01-01}, journal = {Nucleic Acids Res}, volume = {36}, number = {4}, pages = {1138-52}, abstract = {Specific recognitions of GNRA tetraloops by small helical receptors are among the most widespread long-range packing interactions in large ribozymes. (cnrs.fr)

Overall, this work introduces RNA fragmentation and cDNA synthesis as reliable methods for the inactivation of samples containing the genomes of positive-strand RNA viruses. (bvsalud.org)
This would result in many many mutations as plant genomes are easily in the range of 1,000,000,000 Bases (Gbases) Name some sources of mistakes which could eventually lead to mutations: tautomeric structures of DNA bases cell internal metabolites, e.g. reactive oxygen species external chemicals e.g. alkylation agents radiation e.g. (usadellab.org)
Therefore, very large genomes, such as human DNA, are usually digested with enzymes that produce long DNA fragments. (biologydiscussion.com)
The high similarity of some phage genomes that infect a single host species suggests that particular phage lineages may be stable in excess of time and over distant geographic locations. (jak1inhibitor.com)

It does not require any cofactors for its activity EC 3.1.26.4: RNase H is a ribonuclease that cleaves the RNA in a DNA/RNA duplex to produce ssDNA. (wikipedia.org)
In order to initiate HR, the DSB is resected, leaving a segment of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) that is coated first by RPA, then by RAD51 in order to facilitate homology search and invasion of the sister chromatid-a process known as strand exchange. (encyclopedia.pub)

Several retroelement and retroviral reverse transcriptases (RTs) support NTA and also template jumping, by which the RT performs continuous complementary DNA (cDNA) synthesis using physically separate templates. (bvsalud.org)
Further experiments with longer DNA fragments located DNA complementary to this RNA, but it was far away from the virus hexon gene (Fig. 5.14). (brainkart.com)

Once detected by the cell, blunt-ended DSBs are repaired by the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway, which is notorious for adding or removing stretches of DNA during repair. (technologynetworks.com)
PARP-1 is rapidly recruited and activated by DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). (nature.com)
Remarkably, inhibition of PARP-1 leads to hyperresected DNA DSBs. (nature.com)
PARP-1 acts as a highly sensitive sensor for DNA damage and rapidly produces PAR at newly generated DNA DSBs. (nature.com)
Double-strand breaks (DSBs) are the greatest threat to genomic integrity and can result from endogenous sources such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and replication stress or exogenous insults such as UV, ionizing radiation (IR), and chemotherapeutic compounds. (encyclopedia.pub)
In an HR-deficient context, DSBs that cannot be repaired by NHEJ must be channeled through error-prone homology-mediated pathways such as single-strand annealing (SSA) and alternative end-joining (Alt-EJ). (encyclopedia.pub)
Emerging evidence indicate that the mammalian checkpoint kinase ATM induces transcriptional silencing in cis to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) through a poorly understood mechanism. (elifesciences.org)
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are particularly dangerous for cells, since their inefficient or inaccurate repair can result in deletions and chromosomal translocations that can lead to cancer and/or severe developmental abnormalities in humans. (elifesciences.org)

EC 3.1.26.3: RNase III is a type of ribonuclease that cleaves rRNA (16s rRNA and 23s rRNA) from transcribed polycistronic RNA operon in prokaryotes. (wikipedia.org)

L1 spreads through a mechanism termed target-primed reverse transcription, in which the encoded enzyme (ORF2p) nicks the target DNA to prime reverse transcription of its own or non-self RNAs2. (bvsalud.org)
The dynamic turnover of PAR within seconds to minutes is executed by poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase, the main PAR-degrading enzyme, which possesses both endoglycosidic and exoglycosidic activities, thereby enabling a new round of DNA damage signaling 14 . (nature.com)
While our mag kits are based on proven, conventional magnetic beads, sbeadex kits use an innovative next-generation technology of double-coated magnetic beads that yield improved DNA quality and omit enzyme inhibiting organic solvents in the final eluate. (biosearchtech.com)
DNA from different organisms will, in general, give different sets of fragments when treated with the same enzyme. (biologydiscussion.com)
The DNA products resulting from restriction digestion to form sticky ends may be joined to any other DNA fragments treated with the same restriction enzyme. (biologydiscussion.com)
All these pairing are transient, owing to the weakness of hydrogen bonding between the few bases in the sticky ends, but they can be stabilized by use of an enzyme, DNA ligase, in a process termed ligation. (biologydiscussion.com)
This enzyme, usually isolated from bacteriophage T4 and called T4 DNA ligase, forms a covalent bond between the 5′- phosphate at the end of one strand and the 3′-hydroxyl of the adjacent strand. (biologydiscussion.com)
This enzyme was shown to be present in the saliva of female mosquitoes by allowing starved mosquitoes to probe DNA-containing agarose gel. (silverchair.com)
The final hydrolysis products of this enzyme, detected by ion exchange chromatography, yielded DNA fragments ranging form 8-12 base pairs. (silverchair.com)

We proposed previously that Cas proteins comprise a novel DNA repair system. (biomedcentral.com)
However, if the goal is the production of new or modified proteins, or the determination of tissue-specific expression of timing patterns, cDNA libraries are more appropriate. (biologydiscussion.com)
Change in the 3D structure of DNA is enacted via post-translational modifications of the histone proteins at the center of the simplest DNA structure, the nucleosome. (frontiersin.org)

Among them, an RNA-binding domain bends the template backbone to allow engagement of an RNA hairpin stem with the L1 ORF2p C-terminal segment. (bvsalud.org)

It is worth noting that all intracellular RNAs are protected from RNase activity by a number of strategies including 5' end capping, 3' end polyadenylation, formation of an RNA·RNA duplex, and folding within an RNA protein complex (ribonucleoprotein particle or RNP). (wikipedia.org)
A form of RNase P that is a protein and does not contain RNA has recently been discovered. (wikipedia.org)
Presumably, this process involves the interaction between the host's bromodomain-containing viroid RNA-binding protein 1 (VIRP1) and the viroid's TR domain (6). (degruyter.com)
One of the factors that appears to have a role in many of these pathways is human RAD52, a DNA repair protein that was previously considered to be dispensable due to a lack of an observable phenotype in knock-out mice. (encyclopedia.pub)
We find that phage populations with single target mutations depend on location of enriched phage mutations in early autophagy protein EPG-9 also result in abnormal accumulation of ATG-9 and the pre-autophagosomal structure. (itwontfailbecauseofme.com)
Cell autonomy and cell-specific voltaren online purchase rescues The ATG-9 phenotype in cla-1(ola285) (S4E Fig). For experiments using only immunofluorescence, embryos were arranged end to produce differing levels of trophozoite-stage parasites expressing an F-actin nanobody fused to green fluorescent protein Dendra2 at its C terminus. (itwontfailbecauseofme.com)

It was also recently shown that PARP-1 is a sensor of unligated Okazaki fragments during DNA replication 16 and cells deficient in ribonucleotide excision repair are sensitized to PARP inhibition 17 . (nature.com)
disorders of the DNA replication machinery. (nih.gov)
These viruses are defective, only undergoing productive replication in cells that are co-infected with another DNA virus, most commonly an adenovirus, which modifies the host environment in multiple ways that are essential to enable the AAV life cycle: by themselves AAVs are not associated with any known pathology. (ictv.global)
Under certain conditions, for example in the presence of DNA damaging agents, limited AAV replication can also be detected in the absence of helper viruses. (ictv.global)

AID is homologous to APOBEC1, a deaminase that edits a specific cytidine in the apolipoprotein B transcript to produce a nonsense codon that results in the expression of a truncated polypeptide [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, PARP-1 abrogation leads to increased DNA resection tracks and an increase of homologous recombination in cellulo. (nature.com)
Homologous recombination (HR) is considered the major error-free repair pathway in combatting endogenously generated double-stranded lesions in DNA. (encyclopedia.pub)
The resulting double-stranded break gets repaired by the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway, leading to a disruption in the open reading frame of the targeted gene. (mbpinc.net)
Therefore, the conversion of the DSB ends from double-stranded to single-stranded DNA, which is necessary to initiate DSB repair by homologous recombination, is responsible for loss of transcription around a DSB in S. cerevisiae . (elifesciences.org)
Homologous recombination' is one of the main mechanisms used by cells to repair DNA double-strand breaks. (elifesciences.org)

micrococal DNAase digestion, the nucleosme protects the DNA, then run the fragments on a gel If you digest chromosomal DNA with micrococal DNA and run them on a gel you get shortish fragments of around 170-200bp but also longer and much longer bands, where are these coming from? (usadellab.org)
base-pairing between sticky ends will result in the annealing of fragments that were derived from different starting DNA. (biologydiscussion.com)
After digestions, electrophoresis on neutral gels analyzes duplexes, and electrophoresis on alka-line gels denatures and analyzes the sizes of fragments. (brainkart.com)

We report cryo-electron microscopy structures of the complete human L1 ORF2p bound to structured template RNAs and initiating cDNA synthesis. (bvsalud.org)
Our cDNA synthesis method also inactivated the genomic RNA of eastern and western equine encephalitis viruses (EEEV and WEEV). (bvsalud.org)
This kit uses a single-tube system with non-toxic reagents that only requires vortex mixing to lyse the cells and prepare the RNA for cDNA synthesis. (biosearchtech.com)

These ae likely due to incomplete digestion How is DNA that has been wrapped around the histone further packaged? (usadellab.org)
The 10nm fiber is further packaged into a 30nm fiber requiring the linker histone H1 Sometimes "packed" chromosomal DNA needs to be accessed, how is this problem solved? (usadellab.org)
Histone modifications can lead to either tightly packed and inactive conformations or open and accessible DNA (termed heterochromatin and euchromatin respectively). (frontiersin.org)
download Dopamine in the Pathophysiology and Treatment involves a histone of endonucleases, receptor effects catalyzed in solar enzymes. (evakoch.com)

The market for methods, compositions, and compounds for the specific inhibition by double-stranded DNA of gene expression is a rapidly growing field in the biotechnology industry. (inventiv.org)
The market for methods, compositions, and compounds for the specific inhibition by dsDNA of gene expression is driven by the increasing demand for new and effective treatments for diseases that are caused by abnormal gene expression. (inventiv.org)
Several companies are currently developing methods and compounds for the specific inhibition by dsDNA of gene expression. (inventiv.org)

This cost-effective, rapid, and easy-to-use technology relies on Cas enzymes and guide RNAs that are derived from a naturally occurring mechanism in bacterial immune systems. (idtdna.com)
This bacterial immune system also involves Cas (CRISPR-associated) enzymes-naturally occurring bacterial enzymes that cut the DNA of invading viruses. (idtdna.com)
Bacterial and eukaryotic endonucleases (EC 3.1.30. (silverchair.com)

1990), fungi (quelling) (Romano and Marcino, 1992), and nematodes (RNA interference) (Fire et al. (inventiv.org)
1990), fungi (quelling) (Romano and Marcino 1992), and nematodes (RNA interference). (inventiv.org)

Specified endonuclease or exonuclease can recognize the antibody-stabilized mismatch-like structure and mark the exact modified sites for sequencing readout. (nature.com)
Figure 5.15 Endonuclease S1 is used to digest single-stranded regions of RNAand DNA, and exonuclease Exo VII is used to digest single-stranded DNA exonucleolytically. (brainkart.com)

The ssRNA(+), likely transferred into the nucleolus, is finally processed by a type III RNase and a DNA LIGASE into unit-length circular RNAs (8) ( Figure 1 ). (degruyter.com)

The choice of the particular type of gene library depends on a number of factors, the most important being the final application of any DNA fragment derived from the library. (biologydiscussion.com)
Whether you are performing your first cloning experiment or constructing multi-fragment DNA assemblies, NEB ® has the solution for you. (neb.com)

Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) is an Alphavirus in the Togaviridae family of positive-strand RNA viruses. (bvsalud.org)
Therefore, RNA isolated from cells infected with BSL-3 select agent strains of VEEV or other positive-strand viruses must be inactivated before removal from high-containment laboratories. (bvsalud.org)
X-ray and cryo-EM image reconstructions have been used to determine the structures of AAV variants 1-9 (sometimes called "serotypes" and including viruses from two different species, Adeno-associated dependoparvovirus A and Adeno-associated dependoparvovirus B ), recombinant AAV vectors carrying foreign genetic information (rAAVs), capsid mutants, or any of the above complexed with specific antibodies, glycans or other receptors, at high resolution. (ictv.global)

Both platforms require RNA-based reagents, and can lower gene expression, but they differ in more ways than they are similar. (technologynetworks.com)

Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project. (nih.gov)

MCM8- and MCM9 Deficiencies Cause Lifelong Increased Hematopoietic DNA Damage Driving p53-Dependent Myeloid Tumors. (nih.gov)

Predicted to contribute to single-stranded DNA helicase activity. (nih.gov)
Among all parvoviruses studied to date only the AAVs use a promoter at P19, which generates transcripts encoding truncated ancillary forms of the rep gene that lack the endonuclease but contain the helicase domain. (ictv.global)

TER is a non-coding RNA, and it contains the region which serves as a template for telomere synthesis. (actanaturae.ru)
Telomerase consists of two major components: reverse transcriptase (TERT) and telomerase RNA (TER), which contains the template domain for the telomere repeat synthesis [ 9 ]. (actanaturae.ru)

Members of the Pospiviroidae family replicate in the nucleus through double-stranded RNA intermediates, attracting the host RNA silencing machinery. (degruyter.com)
When PSTVd enters the plant cell, a specific signal seems to direct it into the nucleus. (degruyter.com)
The discovery by Berget and Sharp and by Roberts and co-workers that segments within newly synthesized messenger RNA could be eliminated before the RNA was exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm was a great surprise. (brainkart.com)

With isothermal amplification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA using RT-LAMP, the modified crRNAs were incorporated in a paper-based lateral flow assay that could detect the target with up to 23-fold higher sensitivity within 40-60 minutes. (biorxiv.org)

We found that modified DNA bases are prone to form a local open region that allows capture by antibody, for example, via a DNA breathing or base-flipping mechanism. (nature.com)
This mechanism requires enzymes to eat away at the end of one of the DNA strands on each side of the double-strand break. (elifesciences.org)

The cellular response to DNA damage involves an intricate network of enzymes responsible for sensing, signaling, and repairing damaged DNA, as well as the regulation of cell cycle checkpoints that collectively maintain genomic integrity 2 . (nature.com)
Cas enzymes are nucleases, enzymes which cut DNA or RNA. (idtdna.com)
Some enzymes cut straight across the DNA to give flush or blunt ends. (biologydiscussion.com)
Other restriction enzymes make staggered single-strand cuts, producing short single-stranded projections at each end of the digested DNA. (biologydiscussion.com)
These enzymes belong to the phosphodiesterase family and are capable of cleaving phosphodiester internal bonds within double-stranded (ds)or single-stranded (ss) DNA and RNA substrates. (silverchair.com)

Researchers develop a CRISPR-based technique that efficiently corrects point mutations without cleaving DNA. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)

Here we purified full-length L1 ORF2p and biochemically reconstituted robust target-primed reverse transcription with template RNA and target-site DNA. (bvsalud.org)
The process of switch recombination is activated and targeted by the transcription of switch (S) regions, guanine-rich, 2-10 kilobase stretches of DNA located just upstream of those constant regions that participate in switch recombination (Figure 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
Transcription of each S region is driven by a dedicated promoter that is responsive to specific transcription factors, which in turn are regulated by extracellular signals delivered by cytokines. (biomedcentral.com)
Instead, the experiments indicate that it is the resection of the DNA around a double-strand break to form single-stranded tails that inhibits transcription in budding yeast. (elifesciences.org)

This DNA extraction solution can rapidly and efficiently extract PCR-ready genomic DNA from many samples using a simple, one-tube protocol and non-toxic reagents. (biosearchtech.com)
Our high quality reagents are available for every workflow, including popular DNA assembly methods such as NEBuilder ® HiFi DNA Assembly and NEBridge ® Golden Gate Assembly . (neb.com)

It consists of two major components: telomerase RNA (TER) and reverse transcriptase (TERT). (actanaturae.ru)

EC 3.1.27.8: RNase V is specific for polyadenine and polyuridine RNA. (wikipedia.org)

However, the current CRISPR/Cas12a systems are limited to detecting DNA in a picomolar detection limit without an amplification step. (biorxiv.org)

Anatomy3

Organisms8

Chemicals and Drugs87

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment19

Phenomena and Processes58

Information Science3

Health Care2

Genome26

Molecules13

Polymerase7

Methylation13

RNAi13

Nucleotides4

Cas912

Nucleotide3

Cleavage6

GRNA7

Sequences8

Viral8

Nuclease7

SiRNAs1

MRNA9

Sequence19

DsRNA4

Degradation3

Genes13

Molecule3

Eukaryotes2

Complexes4

Post-transcriptionally1

Nucleic4

Genomes4

SsDNA2

Complementary2

DSBs8

Cleaves1

Enzyme9

Proteins3

Hairpin1

Protein6

Replication4

Homologous6

Fragments3

CDNA synthesis3

Histone4

Inhibition3

Bacterial3

Interference2

Exonuclease2

SsRNA1

Fragment2

Viruses3

Gene expression1

Encode1

Tumors1

Helicase2

Synthesis2

Nucleus3

Assay1

Mechanism2

Enzymes5

Mutations1

Transcription4

Reagents2

Telomerase1

RNAse1

Cas12a1