Rna dependent rna. Medical search. Frequent questions

This is in contrast to typical DNA-dependent RNA polymerases, which all organisms use to catalyze the transcription of RNA from a DNA template. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] Viral/prokaryotic RNA-directed RNA polymerases, along with many single-subunit DNA-directed polymerases, employ a fold whose organization has been linked to the shape of a right hand with three subdomains termed fingers, palm, and thumb. (wikipedia.org)
Members of the conserved family of eukaryotic RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (Rdrs) synthesize double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) intermediates in diverse pathways of small RNA (sRNA) biogenesis and RNA-mediated silencing. (nih.gov)
This high rate of mutation comes from the lack of proofreading ability in RNA polymerases. (gzipwtf.com)
Do RNA-dependent polymerases share common ancestry? (unlv.edu)
The second portion of this thesis uses MEME and PROBE in an attempt to locate an ordered-series-of-motifs (OSM) among two groups of RNA-dependent polymerases, the large (L) protein from viruses in the order Mononegavirales and the reverse transcriptase (RT) protein from retroviruses and retroid agents. (unlv.edu)
This result also supports the hypothesis that all RNA-dependent polymerases do not share common ancestry. (unlv.edu)
Transcription in eukaryotes is carried out by three main RNA polymerases: Pol I, II, and III. (mdpi.com)
Reference: A new family of polymerases related to superfamily A DNA polymerases and T7-like DNA-dependent RNA polymerases. (neb.com)
These newly identified polymerases help in defining the minimal functional core of superfamily A DNA polymerases and related RNA polymerases. (neb.com)
RNA polymerases read the codes from specific areas of the DNA and transcribe the information into a mRNA copy of the DNA. (cdc.gov)

RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) or RNA replicase is an enzyme that catalyzes the replication of RNA from an RNA template. (wikipedia.org)
RdRp is an essential protein encoded in the genomes of most RNA-containing viruses with no DNA stage including SARS-CoV-2. (wikipedia.org)
RdRp differs from DNA dependent RNA polymerase as it works to catalyze the synthesis of an RNA strand complementary to a given RNA template, rather than using a DNA template. (wikipedia.org)
Translocation - once the active site is open, the RNA template strand is able to move by one position through the RdRp protein complex and continue chain elongation by binding a new NTP, unless otherwise specified by the template. (wikipedia.org)
Termination of the nascent RNA chain produced by RdRp is not completely known, however, it has been shown that RdRp termination is sequence-independent. (wikipedia.org)
Here we report the map-based cloning of mop1 , an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene (RDRP), most similar to the RDRP in plants that is associated with the production of short interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting chromatin 5 , 6 . (nature.com)
We propose that the mop1 RDRP is required to maintain a threshold level of repeat RNA, which functions in trans to establish and maintain the heritable chromatin states associated with paramutation. (nature.com)
Model for requirement of tandem repeats for RDRP amplification of RNA. (nature.com)
One of the key components of the replication machinery is the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, RdRp. (gla.ac.uk)
To identify putative inhibitors of the ZIKV RdRp protein 's RNA binding function, the present study applied an extensive in-silico drug discovery methodology . (bvsalud.org)
Our results open up the best way to fresh antiviral techniques for HCV and additional viruses that make use of an RdRp predicated on RNA buy (-)-Gallocatechin binding inhibition, that could end up being useful in human being, animal or vegetable viral infections. (conferencedequebec.org)
The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), or nonstructural 5B (NS5B) proteins, catalyzes HCV RNA replication, i.e. the formation of single-stranded positive-strand RNA genomes (4). (conferencedequebec.org)
Endogenous bornavirus-like L (EBLL) elements are inheritable sequences derived from ancient bornavirus L genes that encode a viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) in many eukaryotic genomes. (elsevierpure.com)

Some eukaryotes also contain RdRps, which are involved in RNA interference and differ structurally from viral RdRps. (wikipedia.org)
Viral RdRps were discovered in the early 1960s from studies on mengovirus and polio virus when it was observed that these viruses were not sensitive to actinomycin D, a drug that inhibits cellular DNA-directed RNA synthesis. (wikipedia.org)
The viral genome is composed of RNA, which enters the cell through receptor-mediated endocytosis. (wikipedia.org)
RNA synthesis can be performed by means of a primer-independent (de novo) or a primer-dependent mechanism that utilizes a viral protein genome-linked (VPg) primer. (wikipedia.org)
Rdr-dependent pathways of sRNA production are poorly characterized relative to Rdr-independent pathways, and the Rdr enzymes themselves are poorly characterized relative to their viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase counterparts. (nih.gov)
This virus belonging to Bunyaviridae family contains viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzing the biosynthesis of the RNA strands. (academicjournals.org)
The non-structural protein 5 (NS5) of dengue virus may be involved in host-pathogen interactions in addition to its core, essential functions - replicating and capping the viral RNA. (springernature.com)
It functions both as an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and an RNA-methyltransferase and is therefore essential for the replication of viral RNA. (springernature.com)
Endonuclease inhibitors interfere with viral RNA transcription and block virus replication in both influenza A and B viruses. (cdc.gov)
Stabilization of influenza virus replication intermediates is dependent on the RNA-binding but not the homo-oligomerization activity of the viral nucleoprotein. (ox.ac.uk)
The influenza virus nucleoprotein (NP) is believed to play a central role in directing a switch from RNA genome transcription to replication by the viral RNA polymerase. (ox.ac.uk)
Qualitative RT-PCR for HCV RNA Test to detect HCV RNA by amplification of viral genetic sequences. (cdc.gov)
Quantitative assays for HCV RNA Tests to detect HCV RNA concentration (viral load) by amplification of viral genetic sequences or by signal amplification. (cdc.gov)

RNA binding proteins recognize these sequences and assemble with their mRNA target into mRNPs. (europa.eu)
Y-Complex Proteins Show RNA-De. (uni-marburg.de)
A focused analysis of transcription factors that directly interact with the predicted DENV-NS5 interacting proteins was performed, followed by the identification of downstream genes that are differentially expressed after dengue infection using previously published RNA-seq data. (springernature.com)
Specialized cell structures called ribosomes are the cellular organelles that actually synthesize the proteins (RNA transcription). (cdc.gov)

The RNA replication process is a four-step mechanism, as described. (wikipedia.org)
One major drawback of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase replication is the immense error rate during transcription. (wikipedia.org)
As a consequence of inhibition of a target enzyme protein, namely, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase there is a probability of the prevention of virus replication in the host cells. (academicjournals.org)
Replication of many positive-sense RNA viruses occurs within intracellular membrane-associated compartments. (gla.ac.uk)
We use these data to propose models for the role of higher-order 3Dpol complexes as a dynamic scaffold within which RNA replication can occur. (gla.ac.uk)
DNA Polymerase has a higher fidelity than RNA polymerase because it is involved in replication. (justaaa.com)
However, both RNA binding and homo-oligomerization activities are essential for genome replication. (ox.ac.uk)

Violin plots show distribution of expression levels for ATP-dependent RNA helicase DHX8 (SMED30020946) in cells (dots) of each of the 12 neoblast clusters. (stowers.org)
Expression of ATP-dependent RNA helicase DHX8 (SMED30020946) in the t-SNE clustered sub-lethally irradiated X1 and X2 cells. (stowers.org)
The product Assay kit for Guinea pig Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX17(DDX17) (ELISA) is intended to be used for research purposes only. (rnagrade.com)
The product Assay kit for Guinea pig Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX17(DDX17) (ELISA) should be kept between two and eight degrees Celsius to ensure the retention of the stability and reactivity of the reagents included in the kit. (rnagrade.com)
A fragment of the Trypanosoma brucei ZC3H41 protein encompassing the ATP-dependent RNA helicase domain was successfully subcloned for expression in a bacterial system (Escherichia coli). (iucc.ac.il)
Izhaki-Tavor, LS & Dessau, M 2020, ' ATP-dependent RNA helicase domain of the ZC3H41 protein from Trypanosoma brucei: Expression, purification and crystallization ', Acta Crystallographica Section F:Structural Biology Communications , vol. 76, pp. 604-608. (iucc.ac.il)

G-quadruplexes have been shown to be involved in a range of processes including telomere stability and RNA transcription, splicing, translation and transport. (nature.com)
All organisms-bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes-have a transcription initiation factor that contains a structural module that binds within the RNA polymerase (RNAP) active-center cleft and interacts with template-strand single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) in the immediate vicinity of the RNAP active center. (osti.gov)
However, this transcription initiation-factor structural module occupies the path of nascent RNA and thus presumably must be displaced before or during initial transcription. (osti.gov)
In this paper, we report four sets of crystal structures of bacterial initially transcribing complexes that demonstrate and define details of stepwise, RNA-extension-driven displacement of the "σ-finger" of the bacterial transcription initiation factor σ. (osti.gov)
The main enzyme involved in transcription is RNA polymerase, which uses a single-stranded DNA template to synthesize a complementary strand of RNA. (gzipwtf.com)
We present a kinetic model for the sequence-dependent motion of RNA polymerase (RNAP) during transcription elongation. (psu.edu)
In our model, the kinetic rates for the reaction pathway, calculated based on the stabilities of the transcription elongation complex (TEC), necessarily lead to sequence-dependent NTP incorporation rates. (psu.edu)
These results suggest that NO contributes to L-LTP by stimulating guanylyl cyclase and cGMP-dependent protein kinase, which acts in parallel with PKA to increase phosphorylation of the transcription factor CREB. (jneurosci.org)

A. Travel of a relative or other care provider to my home to care for my child or dependent while I present my abstract and attend the RNA Society Annual Meeting. (rnasociety.org)
abstract = "The goal of this review is to present a unified picture of the relationship between ion binding and RNA folding based on recent theoretical and computational advances. (cmich.edu)
abstract = "Treatment with the stress agent prostaglandin A2 (PGA 2) induces expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21. (johnshopkins.edu)
ABSTRACT Treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in transfusion-dependent beta- thalassaemia major patients is complicated by existing hepatic siderosis and the fear of ribavirin- associated haemolysis. (who.int)

Reverse transcriptase (RT), also known as RNA-dependent DNA polymerase, is a DNA polymerase enzyme that transcribes single-stranded RNA into DNA. (gzipwtf.com)
However, when single-stranded RNA with a specific sequence was extended from the vertexes of RNA polygons, strong immune responses were detected. (uky.edu)
DENV belongs to the family Flaviviridae that comprises arthropod-borne, enveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses such as Zika, Japanese encephalitis and yellow fever among others. (springernature.com)

A prerequisite for rapid adaptations is efficient RNA turnover, with endonuclease RNase Y playing a crucial role in mRNA stability as well as in maturation. (uni-marburg.de)
We have applied a multipronged approach of loss-of-function studies, genome-wide mRNA and sRNA expression profiling, pathway analysis, target prediction, literature mining and network analysis to unravel YbeY-dependent molecular responses of E. coli exposed to hydroxyurea (HU). (biomedcentral.com)
Further applying a 'context likelihood of relatedness' algorithm, we reverse engineered the YbeY-dependent Hfq-dependent sRNA-mRNA network as well as YbeY-dependent Hfq-independent sRNA-mRNA network. (biomedcentral.com)
YbeY extensively modulates Hfq-dependent and independent sRNA-mRNA interactions. (biomedcentral.com)
Messenger RNA (mRNA) mediates the transfer of genetic information from the cell nucleus to ribosomes in the cytoplasm, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis. (gzipwtf.com)
N6-Methyladenosine (m 6 A), a predominant internal modification of RNA in mammalian cells, has been recognized as having a vital role in mRNA stability, export, translation, splicing, and decay [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
We found that the colon cancer cell lines HCT-116 and HCT-15 exhibited a confluence-dependent increase in CD26 mRNA and protein, associated with decreased expression of c-Myc, increased USF-1 and Cdx 2 levels, and unchanged HNF-1α expression. (nih.gov)
CD26 mRNA and protein levels increase in a confluence-dependent manner in colon carcinoma cell lines, with c-Myc acting as a repressor and Cdx2 acting as an enhancer of CD26 expression. (nih.gov)
Intrathecal applications of BC-1215 (a Fbxo3 activity inhibitor), Fbxl2 mRNA-targeting small-interfering RNA, and ω-conotoxin GVIA (a Ca V 2.2 blocker) attenuated RIM1α upregulation, enhanced RIM1α expression, and exhibited no effect on RIM1α expression, respectively. (jneurosci.org)
Binding experiments using either endogenous p21 mRNA or in vitro-labeled p21 transcripts revealed a specific PGA 2 -dependent association of the p21 mRNA with the RNA-binding protein HuR. (johnshopkins.edu)
RNA interference-based knockdown of HuR abundance further served to demonstrate the contribution of HuR-mediated p21 mRNA stabilization toward enhancing p21 expression after PGA 2 treatment. (johnshopkins.edu)
Collectively, our results indicate that PGA 2 stabilizes the p21 mRNA through an ERK-independent increase in cytoplasmic HuR levels and an ERK-dependent association of HuR with the p21 mRNA. (johnshopkins.edu)

In fact these same RdRps that are used in the defense mechanisms can be usurped by RNA viruses for their benefit. (wikipedia.org)

Three-train L-LTP was also blocked by inhibitors of guanylyl cyclase or cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG). (jneurosci.org)
Phosphorylation of the plant encoded, double-stranded (dsRNA)-dependent protein kinase (pPKR) is significantly enhanced over basal levels during early phases of virus and viroid infection. (elsevierpure.com)
Langland, J , Langland, L & Roth, D 1998, ' Differential localization and accumulation of the plant double stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase during virus infection ', Plant Physiology and Biochemistry , vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 395-400. (elsevierpure.com)

The structures reveal that-for both the primary σ-factor and extracytoplasmic (ECF) σ-factors, and for both 5'-triphosphate RNA and 5'-hydroxy RNA-the "σ-finger" is displaced in stepwise fashion, progressively folding back upon itself, driven by collision with the RNA 5'-end, upon extension of nascent RNA from ~5 nt to ~10 nt. (osti.gov)
The dengue virus (DENV) possesses an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (NS5) that replicates its RNA genome besides capping the nascent RNA to enhance stability. (springernature.com)

Genetic and functional diversification of small RNA pathways in plants. (nature.com)
Herr, A. J. Pathways through the small RNA world of plants. (nature.com)
Conceptual parallels exist between bacterial and eukaryotic small-RNA (sRNA) pathways, yet relatively little is known about which protein may recognize and recruit bacterial sRNAs to interact with targets. (biomedcentral.com)
Our work provides powerful chemical approaches for studying RNA m 5 C dioxygenases and mapping oxidative m 5 C modifications and reveals the existence of novel epitranscriptomic pathways for regulating RNA function. (princeton.edu)

Many eukaryotes also have RdRps and these are involved in RNA interference: these amplify microRNAs and small temporal RNAs and produce double-stranded RNA using small interfering RNAs as primers. (wikipedia.org)
SLN360 is designed to lower Lp(a) production by using RNA interference to silence messenger RNA transcribed from the LPA gene in liver cells. (medscape.com)

This lack of sensitivity suggested that there is a virus-specific enzyme that could copy RNA from an RNA template and not from a DNA template. (wikipedia.org)
We profile m 5 C dioxygenases in human cells including ALKBH1 and TET2 and show that ALKBH1 is the major hm 5 C- and f 5 C-forming enzyme in RNA. (princeton.edu)
We profile m5C dioxygenases in human cells including ALKBH1 and TET2 and show that ALKBH1 is the major hm5C- and f5C-forming enzyme in RNA. (princeton.edu)
This enzyme is able to synthesize a double helix DNA once the RNA has been reverse transcribed in a first step into a single-strand DNA. (gzipwtf.com)

Questions about RNA 2022? (rnasociety.org)

Specifically, it catalyzes synthesis of the RNA strand complementary to a given RNA template. (wikipedia.org)
From there, the RNA is able to act as a template for complementary RNA synthesis, immediately. (wikipedia.org)
The translation is the process of protein synthesis where the information on RNA is expressed in the form of polypeptide chains. (gzipwtf.com)
3 hr, and is reduced by inhibitors of PKA and of protein or RNA synthesis. (jneurosci.org)
Conversely, either NO or cGMP analogs paired with one-train tetanization produced late-phase potentiation, and the cGMP-induced potentiation was blocked by inhibitors of protein or RNA synthesis and an inhibitor of PKG, but not by an inhibitor of PKA. (jneurosci.org)
they inhibit bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, suppressing RNA synthesis. (msdmanuals.com)

The introns containing these large expansions are transcribed and indeed in patients the GGGGCC-repeat expansion is detectable by in situ hybridization in nuclear RNA foci 5 . (nature.com)
Cluster identity was assigned based on the top 10 marker genes of each cluster ( Table S2 ), followed by inspection of RNA in situ hybridization patterns. (stowers.org)

The development of therapies targeting messenger RNA has made possible significant lowering of lipoprotein(a). (medscape.com)

1-3 Even the simplest ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules have been observed to adopt an ensemble of configurations 4 and both experimental and computational studies have shown that a complex solution of cosolutes can have a profound effect on the relative populations of that ensemble. (aip.org)
HCV RNA Hepatitis C virus ribonucleic acid. (cdc.gov)
RNA Ribonucleic acid. (cdc.gov)

The results obtained from the present studies provide new insights into the broad screening of certain putative marker inhibitors of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase concomitant with their application in the relevant drug designing. (academicjournals.org)

A transcriptional arrest leads to a strong change in localization and dynamics of YmcA, YlbF and YaaT, supporting their involvement in global RNA degradation. (uni-marburg.de)
That is, RIM1α-facilitated Ca V 2.2 expression plays a role in the downstream signaling of Fbxo3-dependent Fbxl2 ubiquitination/degradation to promote spinal plasticity underlying the progression of nociceptive hypersensitivity following neuropathic injury. (jneurosci.org)

Furthermore, these results provide valuable insights into the distributions of water and ions near the RNA oligomer surface as a function of structural configuration. (aip.org)
In some cases, however, individual ions near the RNA may shed some of their surrounding waters to optimize their Coulombic interactions with the negatively charged ligands on the RNA. (cmich.edu)

RNA silencing genes control de novo DNA methylation. (nature.com)
Relative abundance profiles of bacterial populations measured by sequencing DNA or RNA of marker genes can widely differ. (doe.gov)
Advances in transcriptome sequencing allow for simultaneous interrogation of differentially expressed genes from multiple species originating from a single RNA sample, termed dual or multi-species transcriptomics. (biomedcentral.com)

NS5B21-enriched fractions had been selected utilizing a Bradford colorimetric assay, and HCV-NS5B21 purity was dependant on Coomassie-stained sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide electrophoresis gel (SDS-PAGE) evaluation. (conferencedequebec.org)
With the help of a new single molecule RNA transport assay from the purified components (McClintock et al. (biologists.com)

ADAR1 binds to dsRNA in both the canonical A-form and in the poorly defined Z-conformation (Z-RNA). (biorxiv.org)
Using ADAR1 Zα-domain mutant human cells and knock-in mice, we demonstrate that abrogated binding of ADAR1 to Z-RNA leads to reduced A-to-I editing of dsRNA structures formed by pairing of inversely oriented SINEs. (biorxiv.org)
This shows that the interaction between ADAR1 and Z-RNA restricts sensing of self-dsRNA and prevents AGS development. (biorxiv.org)

5,6 Characterization of RNA-solution interactions is thus essential to provide a comprehensive description of stable RNA configurations, especially when considering the complex mixture of ions, cosolutes, and crowding agents present in intracellular environments where RNA molecules fold. (aip.org)
In particular, we present a model describing how the association of magnesium ions is coupled to the tertiary structure folding of several well-characterized RNA molecules. (cmich.edu)
RNA molecules have emerged as promising therapeutics. (uky.edu)

G-rich sequences have a propensity for forming highly stable quadruplex structures in both RNA and DNA termed G-quadruplexes. (nature.com)
By contrast, canonical A-RNA structures consistently show the lowest accumulations for all ion species. (aip.org)
This model is developed in terms of the nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann (NLPB) equation, which provides a rigorous electrostatic description of the interaction between Mg 2+ and specific RNA structures, In our description, most of the ions surrounding an RNA behave as a thermally fluctuating ensemble distributed according to a Boltzmann weighted average of the mean electrostatic potential around the RNA. (cmich.edu)
Based on this model, we present a physical description of how Mg 2+ binds and stabilizes specific RNA structures to promote the folding reaction. (cmich.edu)
This model is developed in terms of the nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann (NLPB) equation, which provides a rigorous electrostatic description of the interaction between Mg2+ and specific RNA structures, In our description, most of the ions surrounding an RNA behave as a thermally fluctuating ensemble distributed according to a Boltzmann weighted average of the mean electrostatic potential around the RNA. (cmich.edu)
Based on this model, we present a physical description of how Mg2+ binds and stabilizes specific RNA structures to promote the folding reaction. (cmich.edu)

The short interfering RNA (siRNA) agent SLN360 was well tolerated and lowered lipoprotein(a) by up to 98% in volunteers without cardiovascular disease but with elevated Lp(a) in the small dose-ranging APOLLO trial. (medscape.com)

The organisms studied in dual-species transcriptomics experiments are present in different relative abundances and while the read proportions between the two organisms differ by system, most infection models, particularly biologically relevant models, have the total RNA content of the host vastly outnumbering microbe [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
characterized by detection of HCV RNA greater than or equal to 6 months after newly acquired infection. (cdc.gov)

Epitranscriptomic RNA modifications can regulate fundamental biological processes, but we lack approaches to map modification sites and probe writer enzymes. (princeton.edu)
Here we present a chemoproteomic strategy to characterize RNA 5-methylcytidine (m 5 C) dioxygenase enzymes in their native context based upon metabolic labeling and activity-based crosslinking with 5-ethynylcytidine (5-EC). (princeton.edu)
Thus, they provide a framework to understand the emergence of both DNA and RNA polymerization activity in this class of enzymes. (neb.com)
characterized by sustained disappearance of serum HCV RNA and normalization of liver enzymes. (cdc.gov)

A) Representative confocal images of C9-ALS patient-derived iPSCs that were differentiated to neurons (represented by MAP2, gray) showing colocalization between G4C2 RNA foci (green) with MATR3 (red) in diffuse form (yellow arrows). (figshare.com)

In the present investigation, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase sequence was retrieved from NCBI followed by its domain analysis to find out the effective part of the sequence later on 3D structure of the domain modeling by comparative homology modeling approach, including a thorough screening of the homologous sequences to domain by sequence alignment technique. (academicjournals.org)
Homology models of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase domain was finally taken into consideration to focus on the prediction of the specific ligand binding site by docking against antiviral drug Ribavirin, with an aid of AutoDock4.2. (academicjournals.org)

A Better Way to Find RNA Virus Needles in the Proverbial Database Haystacks Researchers combed through more than 5,000 data sets of RNA sequences generated from diverse environmental samples around the world, resulting in a five-fold increase of RNA virus diversity. (doe.gov)

A simulation-based approach to target Zika virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase with marine compounds for antiviral development. (bvsalud.org)

Data from in vitro translation experiments and transfection of melanoma cells with bicistronic vectors documented that MELOE-3 is exclusively translated by the classical cap-dependent pathway. (oncotarget.com)
Further, we map ALKBH1 modification sites transcriptome-wide using 5-EC-iCLIP and ARP-based sequencing to identify ALKBH1-dependent m 5 C oxidation in a variety of tRNAs and mRNAs and analyze ALKBH1 substrate specificity in vitro. (princeton.edu)

Bacteria are dependent on rapid alterations in gene expression. (uni-marburg.de)

Small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) play key roles in modulating gene expression in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. (biomedcentral.com)
In this section, we comprehensively analyzed the expression levels of fourteen m 6 A RNA methylation regulators and clinical factors in patients with HCC from the ICGC (International Cancer Genome Consortium, https://icgc.org/ ), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/ ), and TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas, http://cancergenome.nih.gov/ ) databases. (hindawi.com)
Our group's current research aims to develop and apply an on-demand, controllable gene expression technology, based on guide RNAs and a catalytically inactive Cas9, targeting the expression of GABA and CB1 receptors for the control of epileptogenesis. (lu.se)

Here, we used the approach of RNA nanotechnology to demonstrate that the immune response of RNA nanoparticles is size, shape, and sequence dependent. (uky.edu)
Here, we demonstrate that the RNA-binding activity of NP is necessary for stabilization of cRNA, whereas, surprisingly, homo-oligomerization of NP is not essential. (ox.ac.uk)

These differences, made apparent when calculating ribosomal RNA:DNA ratios, have been interpreted as variable activities of bacterial populations. (doe.gov)

The biochemical and biological phenotypes of RDRC subunit disruption reveal a previously unanticipated complexity of Rdr-dependent sRNA biogenesis in vivo. (nih.gov)

Most of the m 6 A RNA methylation regulators were confirmed to be differentially expressed among groups stratified by clinical characteristics and tissues. (hindawi.com)
We identified an m 6 A RNA methylation regulator-based signature (including METTL3, YTHDC2, and YTHDF2) that could effectively stratify a high-risk subset of these patients by univariate and LASSO Cox regression, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis indicated that the signature had a powerful predictive ability. (hindawi.com)
In summary, we demonstrated the vital role of m 6 A RNA methylation regulators in the initial presentation and progression of HCC and constructed a nomogram which would predict the clinical outcome and provide a basis for individualized therapy. (hindawi.com)

During the following so-called elongation phase, this nucleotidyl transfer reaction is repeated with subsequent NTPs to generate the complementary RNA product. (wikipedia.org)

YbeY-dependent sRNAs have central roles in modulating cellular response to HU stress. (biomedcentral.com)

Summary: The link from positive selection to one food energy-dependent base pair change and fixation of the mouse-model-to-human-specific EDAR V370A allele in populations on different continents attests to sympatric speciation at every level of examination that refutes the pseudoscientific nonsense of neo-Darwinian mutation-driven evolution. (rna-mediated.com)

Phosphodiester bond formation - two Mg2+ ions are present in the catalytically active state and arrange themselves in such a way around the newly synthesized RNA chain that the substrate NTP is able to undergo a phosphatidyl transfer and form a phosphodiester bond with the newly synthesized chain. (wikipedia.org)
Therefore the mutations remain in the newly synthesized RNA. (gzipwtf.com)

These can occur in both DNA and RNA and consist of stacks of planar layers of G-tetrad units, named G-quartets in which the G bases are arranged in a square cyclic pattern held together by eight hydrogen bonds ( Fig. 1a ). (nature.com)
3D RNA tetrahedron showed stronger immunostimulation than planar RNA triangle. (uky.edu)

Mutations in the Z-RNA binding Zα-domain of ADAR1 are common in AGS patients. (biorxiv.org)

Specifically, RNA polymerase builds an RNA strand in the 5′ to 3′ direction, adding each new nucleotide to the 3′ end of the strand. (gzipwtf.com)

In contrast, melanoma-restricted expression of IRES-dependent MELOE-1 may explain its high immunogenicity. (oncotarget.com)
Size, Shape, and Sequence-Dependent Immunogenicity of RNA Nanoparticle" by Sijin Guo, Hui Li et al. (uky.edu)
However, the literature on RNA immunogenicity has been controversial. (uky.edu)
These results suggest that the immunogenicity of RNA nanoparticles is tunable to produce either a minimal immune response that can serve as safe therapeutic vectors, or a strong immune response for cancer immunotherapy or vaccine adjuvants. (uky.edu)

RNA-Seq, Western blotting, qRT-PCR and flow cytometry were used to identify the underlying molecular mechanisms. (lu.se)

Monovalent salt solutions have strongly coupled interactions with biopolymers, from large polyelectrolytes to small RNA oligomers. (aip.org)
8,9 therefore, understanding the interactions of RNA oligomers with ions and solvent is important. (aip.org)

Using all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, we model a monovalent salt species (KCL) at high concentrations (0.1-3 m ) and calculate the equilibrium distributions of water and ions around a small tetraloop-forming RNA oligomer in a variety of structural arrangements: folded A-RNA (canonical) and Z-RNA (non-canonical) tetraloops and unfolded configurations. (aip.org)
Our findings show that all-atom molecular dynamics can describe the equilibrium distributions of monovalent salt in the presence of small RNA oligomers at KCL concentrations where ion correlation effects become important. (aip.org)
Concurrent with the accumulation of long transcripts, the vast majority of small (21 mer) DIRS-1 RNAs vanish in rrpC- strains. (scilifelab.se)
RNASeq reveals an asymmetric distribution of the DIRS-1 small RNAs, both along DIRS-1 and with respect to sense and antisense orientation. (scilifelab.se)

While it is clear, that RNA distribution patterns in neurons are created by active transport processes of mRNPs along microtubules, the essential enzymatic activities required are not known. (europa.eu)

For example, structural components of the ribosome are transcribed by RNA polymerase I. (gzipwtf.com)

Our work evaluates the mechanism involved in confluence-dependent CD26 expression in colon cancer. (nih.gov)

Organisms1

Chemicals and Drugs20

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Phenomena and Processes9

Information Science2

Polymerases11

RdRp13

Viral13

Proteins4

Replication7

Helicase6

Transcription8

Abstract4

Single-stranded3

MRNA12

Viruses1

Protein kinase3

Nascent2

Pathways4

Interference2

Enzyme4

20221

Synthesis6

Situ hybridization2

Messenger RNA1

Ribonucleic acid3

Inhibitors1

Degradation2

Ions near2

Genes3

Assay2

DsRNA3

Molecules3

Structures6

SiRNA1

Infection2

Enzymes4

Foci1

Homology2

Sequences1

Zika1

Vitro2

Bacteria1

Gene expression3

Demonstrate2

Bacterial1

SRNA1

Methylation3

Elongation1

Cellular1

Populations1

Newly synthesized2

Planar2

Mutations1

Strand1

Immunogenicity4

Mechanisms1

Interactions2

Small4

Neurons1

Ribosome1

Mechanism1