Risks predictor of cardiovascular disease than waist circumference. Medical search. Frequent questions

The aim of this study was to compare the strength of associations and discrimination capability of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) with cardiovascular disease risk in individuals with type-2 diabetes. (nih.gov)
Strengths of associations and discrimination statistics suggested that WHR was the best predictor of cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with type-2 diabetes and BMI the worst. (nih.gov)
The health risks associated with higher levels of central adiposity include type 2 diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. (wikipedia.org)
The syndrome has been implicated in an increased risk of stroke, coronary artery disease and Type 2 diabetes. (livescience.com)
Long-term NHS research has shown that weight gain and being overweight or obese are important risk factors for type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, certain types of cancers, and premature death. (aphapublications.org)
All of the above-mentioned disorders contribute to metabolic syndrome and are related to the development of type 2 diabetes and ischaemic heart disease. (hindawi.com)
High burden of chronic cardio-metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) have been reported in the Middle East and North Africa region. (biomedcentral.com)
Chronic cardio-metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) have a considerably higher overall disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in the Middle East and North Africa region (MENA) compared to their global estimates. (biomedcentral.com)
The authors suggested that steps should be taken to address components of the metabolic syndrome, such as waist circumference, in order to reduce the risk of developing the syndrome and related complications such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. (myhealthywaist.org)
These causes should all be targeted to reduce the risk of developing the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes [4]. (myhealthywaist.org)
Disease risk for type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and CVD. (healthjade.com)
They're twice as likely to develop type 2 diabetes-a major cause of death, heart disease, kidney disease, stroke, amputation and blindness-as those not overweight. (healthywomen.org)
And this increases your risk of developing life-threatening conditions such as heart disease, stroke, and Type-2 diabetes. (fit-and-well.com)
Depression may increase the risk of type 2 diabetes as a result of poor health behaviours. (scielo.org.za)
A higher risk of type 2 diabetes (the final and more manifest outcome of insulin resistance), hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia have been associated with the "apple" phenotype (4). (imsociety.org)

After adjustment, hazard ratio (95% CI) for WC were 1.10 (1.03-1.18) for cardiovascular events, 1.13 (1.03-1.24) for coronary events, and 1.08 (0.98-1.19) for cardiovascular deaths. (nih.gov)
A person's waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), occasionally written WtHR or called waist-to-stature ratio (WSR), is defined as their waist circumference divided by their height, both measured in the same units. (wikipedia.org)
More than twenty-five years ago, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) was first suggested as a simple health risk assessment tool because it is a proxy for 'harmful' central adiposity and a boundary value of 0.5 was proposed to indicate increased risk. (wikipedia.org)
The October 2022 NICE guidelines have suggested boundary values for WHtR (defining the degree of central adiposity) as follows: healthy central adiposity: waist-to-height ratio 0.4 to 0.49, indicating no increased health risks increased central adiposity: waist-to-height ratio 0.5 to 0.59, indicating increased health risks high central adiposity: waist-to-height ratio 0.6 or more, indicating further increased health risks. (wikipedia.org)
A number of studies have suggested that certain dietary factors as well as age, sex, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR), education and smoking may have an important link with CVD [6-8]. (who.int)
to identify cut-off points for waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) with better sensitivity, specificity and accuracy to distinguish overweight elderly people by sex, using three body mass index criteria as anthropometric references. (scielosp.org)
Different anthropometric measurements are used in clinical practice and in epidemiological studies to assess body adiposity, owing to their practicality and low cost, such as WC, BMI and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). (scielosp.org)
Schneider HJ, Klotsche J, Silber S, Stalla GK, Wittchen H-U. Measuring abdominal obesity: effects of height on distribution of cardiometabolic risk factors risk using waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio. (scielosp.org)
Waist size was even better at predicting heart disease risk than the commonly used measure of body mass index, or BMI, a ratio of height to weight. (livescience.com)
This has led to an increasing evidence for abdominal obesity indices such as waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) as predictors of CVD [ 16 , 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
Waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio are better predictors of cardiovascular disease risk factors in children than body mass index. (paediatricaindonesiana.org)
Waist circumference, waist- hip ratio and body mass index and their correlation with cardiovascular disease risk factors in Australian adults. (nsca.com)
Waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio as predictors of cardiovascular events: Meta-regression analysis of prospective studies. (nsca.com)
To analyse the relationship between the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and other body compositionÂ indicators in children aged 2-6 years at public childcare centres. (imed.pub)
Six reasons why the waist-to-height ratio is a rapid and effective global indicator for health risks of obesity and how its use could simplify the international public health message on obesity. (imed.pub)
Relation of body mass index and waist-to-height ratio to cardiovascular disease risk factors in children and adolescents: the Bogalusa Heart Study. (imed.pub)
Kuba VM, Leone C, Damiani D. Is waist-to-height ratio a useful indicator of cardio-metabolic risk in 6-10-year-old children? (imed.pub)
Waist-to-Height Ratio, a useful index to identify high metabolic risk in overweight children. (imed.pub)
Given that your Body Mass Index measurement can be misleading if you have different body types and shapes, scientists and researchers have invented a more accurate measurement of your body fat distribution by measuring your waist circumference (WC) and waist-hip ratio. (healthjade.com)
Another reason why waist-hip-ratio is important to your health is that your health is not only affected by excess body fat, but also by where the fat is located . (healthjade.com)
The waist hip ratio has been used as an indicator or measure of health and the risk of developing serious health conditions. (healthjade.com)
The Waist-Hip Ratio has been shown to be a better predictor of mortality and morbidity after certain surgery than body mass index (BMI) or body surface area. (healthjade.com)
The researchers found those who had a normal body mass index but central obesity - a high waist-to-hip ratio - had the highest cardiovascular death risk and the highest death risk from all causes. (healthjade.com)
We did a demographic history and examination looking at blood pressure, waist hip ratio and body mass index and investigations done included fasting blood glucose and total and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. (uwi.edu)
Body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio, and waist circumference are commonly used measures for estimating abdominal adiposity (6,7). (cdc.gov)
For that reason, he advises clinicians to measure not only waist circumference, which is recommended but not often done clinically, but also hip circumference to determine the waist-hip ratio (WHR). (medscape.com)
So in the case of a person with a BMI of 30 kg/m 2 and a normal waist circumference or waist-to-hip ratio with no other metabolic risk factors, "that person is probably not obese or overfat. (medscape.com)
Results: Mean values of WC, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) of boys were not different from those of girls. (scirp.org)
Furthermore, we explored the association between DXA-derived abdominal VF and several other indices for obesity: BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and DXA-derived total abdominal fat (AF), and SF. (elsevierpure.com)
The correlations between DXA-derived VF and BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and DXA-derived AF and SF ranged from poor to modest. (elsevierpure.com)
Your waist size and your Waist-to-Hip Ratio are indicators of how much body fat you have, and where it is stored. (fit-and-well.com)
For this reason, other indicators for body fat are necessary, and the Waist Circumference (WC), as well as the Waist-to-Hip ratio (WHR) have also been adopted as tools to more accurately identify individuals who are at a higher risk of developing obesity-related health complications. (fit-and-well.com)
The association of trunk fat with CVD risk was attenuated but remained significant even after adjusting for waist circumference or waist-to-hip ratio. (imsociety.org)
The percentage of adults aged 20 years or older with an unhealthy waist circumference increased from 5.6% in 1988-1994 to 7.6% in 2012, and the percentage with an unhealthy waist-to-height ratio increased from 27.2% in 1988-1994 to 33.7% in 2012. (medscape.com)
Offspring Study (total n=2874), to cross-sectionally study 242 cardiovascular disease-and metabolism-linked proteins in relation to FEV1, FVC (both % predicted) and FEV1/FVC ratio. (lu.se)

Metabolic syndrome is defined as a group of coexisting metabolic risk factors, such as central obesity, lipid disorders, carbohydrate disorders, and arterial hypertension. (hindawi.com)
The aim of our study was to demonstrate a correlation between waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI) in patients with metabolic syndrome in relation with hypertension, lipid disorders, and carbohydrate disorders. (hindawi.com)
The aim of our study was to demonstrate a correlation between waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI) in patients with metabolic syndrome in relation to hypertension, lipid disorders, such as atherogenic dyslipidaemia, and carbohydrate disorders, such as impaired fasting glucose or diabetes mellitus type 2. (hindawi.com)
In sub-Saharan Africa, hypertension followed by obesity was the commonly known cardiometabolic risk factors associated with the general adult population [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors such as obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia are common in patients with DM, placing them at increased risk for cardiac events [ 10 , 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
Objective To compare waist circumference, BMI, and skinfold thickness as potential risk factors for hypertension in adolescents. (paediatricaindonesiana.org)
Waist circumference as a predictor of pediatric hypertension among normal-weight Taiwanese children. (paediatricaindonesiana.org)
Circumference With Hypertension and Diabetes in African American Women, South Carolina, 2007-2009. (cdc.gov)
We used logistic regression models to test predictors of hypertension and diabetes. (cdc.gov)
After controlling for all variables, waist circumference was independently associated with a 5-fold risk in hypertension and diabetes in African American women. (cdc.gov)
Obesity is associated with hypertension and diabetes, which are risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) (1). (cdc.gov)
We hypothesize that the risk of hypertension and diabetes would be higher for women with larger waist circumference, independent of sociodemographic and health-related variables. (cdc.gov)
52.9 % were female with a mean age of 41.1, (SD = 10) years, merely 9.5 % benefited from in-job training on cardiovascular diseases or their risk factors, and 51.7 % had guidelines on the management of hypertension. (biomedcentral.com)
Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is the denomination proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) 42 , which designates a set of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), such as visceral obesity, dyslipidemia, high hypertension, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance 32 , which frequently are presented together. (bvsalud.org)
Sleep apnea, chronic kidney disease, obesity, or renal artery stenosis are other causes of secondary hypertension. (msdmanuals.com)
Because hypertension becomes so common with age, the age-related increase in BP may seem innocuous, but higher BP increases morbidity and mortality risk. (msdmanuals.com)

The dietary intake was identified from a simplified food questionnaire containing foods whose consumption is high or that present excessive risk of coronary heart disease in teenagers. (bvsalud.org)
Body mass index, waist circumference, and risk of coronary heart disease: a prospective study among men and women. (scielosp.org)
10. Coutinho T, Goel K, Corrêa De Sê D. ombining body mass index with measures of central obesity in the assessment of mortality in subjects with coronary disease: Role of ?normal weight central obesity. (medline.ru)
We aimed to investigate the gender difference in the association between changes in metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components with the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and coronary heart disease (CHD) among adult participants in the Tehran lipid and glucose study cohort. (biomedcentral.com)
After a median follow-up of 17.9 years, there were 291 cases of CVD (coronary heart disease [CHD], stroke, or the combination of both). (imsociety.org)
The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study is a prospective, multicenter cohort study designed to investigate trends and determinants of coronary heart disease risk factors in young adults. (medscape.com)

According to the 2005 IDF criteria, subsequently revised in 2009, abdominal obesity is identified as the waist circumference of ≥80 cm in women and ≥94 cm in men. (hindawi.com)
Evidence from the conducted studies has revealed that abdominal obesity (assessed based on the waist circumference) plays a very important role in the development of metabolic disorders and in the assessment of cardiovascular risk. (hindawi.com)
Lee CMY, Huxley RR, Wildman RP, Woodward M. Indices of abdominal obesity are better discriminators of cardiovascular risk factors than BMI: a meta-analysis. (imed.pub)
A waist measuring more than 35" would put you at risk of not only abdominal obesity, but also vascular, including cardiovascular, and metabolic, disease. (plantimize.com)
Of interest, measures of abdominal obesity were not independent predictors of prediabetes in adjusted models. (medscape.com)

In various studies, both elevated systolic blood pressure (≥ 140 mmHg) and elevated diastolic blood pressure (≥ 90 mmHg) have been shown to be associated with a risk of CVD. (who.int)
Multivariate analysis showed that waist circumference was a predictive factor for systolic blood pressure (OR 9.667), but not for diastolic blood pressure. (paediatricaindonesiana.org)

This study also showed that waist circumference was a better predictor of metabolic syndrome than directly measuring insulin sensitivity with an oral glucose tolerance test. (myhealthywaist.org)
This measure is supported by the World Health Organization (WHO) as both a more accurate assessment of obesity than BMI as well as a better predictor of cardiovascular risk (WHR ≥ 0.90 cm in men and ≥ 0.85 cm in women identifies significant metabolic risk, according to the WHO), said Heymsfield, of Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana. (medscape.com)

Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study was initiated in 1998 to determine the risk factors of arteriosclerosis among the urban population of Tehran and to develop population-based measures to control the rising trend of diabetes mellitus and dyslipidaemia. (who.int)
Introduction of primary prophylaxis in those people to limit the development of diabetes mellitus type 2 and cardiovascular diseases should be considered. (hindawi.com)
Those factors increase the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases of atherosclerotic etiology and diabetes mellitus type 2 [ 1 , 5 - 9 ], which are the main cause of premature deaths among most of the European and US population [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
The predictors included age, body mass index, waist circumference, use of antihypertensive medications, current smoking, and family history of cardiovascular disease and/or diabetes. (biomedcentral.com)
Several lifestyle intervention trials have highlighted the fact that increasing physical activity and adopting healthy eating habits can reduce body weight and waist circumference and lower the risk of developing diabetes in patients with impaired glucose tolerance. (myhealthywaist.org)
Rationale & Objective: Biomarkers of kidney disease progression have been identified in individuals with diabetes and underlying chronic kidney disease (CKD). (bvsalud.org)
Plain-Language Summary: For people with diabetes or kidney disease, several biomarkers have been shown to be associated with worsening kidney disease. (bvsalud.org)
Whether these biomarkers have prognostic significance in people without diabetes or kidney disease is less studied. (bvsalud.org)
Using the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study, we followed individuals without diabetes or kidney disease for an average of 15 years after biomarker measurement to see if these biomarkers were associated with the development of kidney disease. (bvsalud.org)
And a second study failed to show that taking low-dose aspirin helped prevent heart and artery disease among Japanese people with diabetes. (kinwrite.com)
NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Certain ethnic groups and women with lower socioeconomic status are at increased risk of developing diabetes while pregnant, research shows. (kinwrite.com)
Waist circumference and cardio metabolic risk: a consensus statement from Shaping America?s Health: Association for Weight Management and Obesity Prevention, NAASO, The Obesity Society, the American Society for Nutrition and the American Diabetes Association. (medline.ru)
Obesity is the major risk factor for metabolic syndrome and through it diabetes as well as cardiovascular disease. (elsevierpure.com)
This simple noninvasive method with virtually no radiation can therefore be used to measure VF in individual patients and help define diabetes and cardiovascular risk. (elsevierpure.com)
Moreover, other meta-analysis found that the presence of diabetes was associated with a 27% higher risk of stroke in women than in men [ 18 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
If one of these numbers is out of line, then doctors may be concerned, but if multiple of these metrics are out of whack, you're significantly more at risk of developing disorders like heart disease, diabetes, and stroke. (edensguthealth.com)
When your body reaches this state, you put yourself at greater risk of diabetes. (edensguthealth.com)
When you're beyond the healthy range in three or more of the above five factors, you have metabolic syndrome and are considered at significantly increased risk for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, stroke and all-cause mortality. (edensguthealth.com)
Background: Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of cardiovascular outcomes and type II diabetes. (natap.org)
That means that the shape of your body might predict whether or not you're at risk of developing problems such as high blood pressure, diabetes, and issues relating to high cholesterol like heart disease and other common vascular related diseases such as in your kidneys, or a health crisis incident, like a stroke or heart attack. (plantimize.com)
Diabetes mellitus (DM) may increase the risk of depression as a result of a sense of threat of debilitating complications or because of associated lifestyle changes. (scielo.org.za)
[4] Depression is also associated with physiological abnormalities, including activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, sympathoadrenal system and proinflammatory cytokines, which can induce insulin resistance and contribute to diabetes risk. (scielo.org.za)
[4] Furthermore, the sense of threat of debilitating complications and the lifestyle changes associated with management of diabetes may increase the risk of depression. (scielo.org.za)
Meta-research indicates that women who have suffered preeclampsia are at increased risk of CVD (9) and diabetes years after pregnancy (10). (imsociety.org)
evaluar los factores de riesgo del diagnóstico de enfermería Riesgo de glucemia inestable en ancianos con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. (bvsalud.org)
Nevertheless, even after adjustment for these differences, better fitness was independently associated with lower risk of developing incident prediabetes or diabetes. (medscape.com)
PD has been suggested as a possible risk factor for some of the components of MS, such as diabetes, obesity and dyslipidemia. (bvsalud.org)
A sensitivity analysis in EpiHealth revealed only minor changes after excluding individuals with known cardiovascular disease, diabetes or obesity. (lu.se)

Although significant reductions have occurred in the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) since the mid-1970s, this is still the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in many countries [1,2]. (who.int)
Among key findings are the effects of excess weight, even in normal BMI ranges, on the risk of chronic disease morbidity and mortality, the importance of limiting weight gain, and dietary, lifestyle, and genetic determinants of obesity, as well as gene-environment interactions. (aphapublications.org)
This has added significance in that peak VO2 is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. (villageclubs.com)
Both acute and long-term exposure to elevated levels of ozone in air are associated with negative health effects ranging from increased morbidity and mortality due to respiratory and cardiovascular disease (Crouse et al. (cdc.gov)

Risk factors for metabolic diseases and mortality are raised in these subjects. (wikipedia.org)
15. Banack H.R., Kaufman J.S. The obesity paradox: understanding the effectof obesity on mortality among individuals with cardiovascular disease. (medline.ru)
Some studies have even shown an inverse relationship between BMI and mortality ( 2 ) , meaning that people with a higher BMI may have a lower death risk than others who have a lower BMI. (fit-and-well.com)
Up to a 30% risk reduction has been noted for all-cause mortality in physical activity (1,2). (movingmedicine.ac.uk)
In addition, a recent systematic review of systematic reviews noted there is irrefutable evidence that routine physical activity reduces the risk for premature mortality and is an effective primary and secondary preventive strategy for at least 25 chronic medical conditions (4). (movingmedicine.ac.uk)
each 10 minutes of physical activity accumulated per day led to an approximately 10% relative risk reduction in mortality, up to 32% to 44% relative risk reduction at 150 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity per week, depending on the amount of vigorous activity as part of the physical activity. (movingmedicine.ac.uk)
2018). Long-term exposure to elevated levels of PM2.5 is associated with higher rates of mortality from a number of conditions ranging from cancer to cardiopulmonary disease (Dockery & Pope, 1994). (cdc.gov)

0.001) were the independent predictor of fasting serum log-NT-proBNP levels in elderly persons. (biomedcentral.com)

The study has 2 major components: phase 1, a cross sectional prevalence study of cardiovascular disease and associated risk factors, and phase 2, a prospective 20-year follow-up study [9]. (who.int)
Using Framingham risk scores, 61% of the subjects had elevated 10-year risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), with no significant difference in gender prevalence. (hindawi.com)
Objective: To determine the incidence and risk factors for metabolic syndrome in HIV-infected adults in the Nutrition for Healthy Living (NFHL) study (2000-2003) and prevalence relative to the findings of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (1999-2002). (natap.org)
The middle aged (30-49) patients, females (63.2%) had the highest prevalence of comorbidities and some of those with normal weight (35.6%) also had the highest prevalence of NCDs.Conclusion: Non-communicable diseases are common among people living with HIV. (bvsalud.org)

NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - A large waist circumference, which is known to raise the risk of cardiovascular disease, may also raise the risk of stroke or mini-stroke, researchers from Germany report. (kinwrite.com)

Although the receiver operating characteristic curve could not differentiate between anthropometric variables (P values 0.24), the relative integrated discrimination improvement statistic showed an enhancement in the discrimination capabilities of models using WHR for cardiovascular outcomes, except for cerebrovascular events. (nih.gov)
It revealed good discrimination between low- and high-risk populations for the combined outcomes. (biomedcentral.com)
In recent years, the mechanism(s) by which excess body weight produces adverse cardiovascular outcomes has attracted interest, with one potential pathway being the dysfunction of adipose tissue. (nature.com)
Secondary outcomes were the proportion of clients with elevated risk that had follow-up actions recorded. (frontiersin.org)
As the nation's largest chronic kidney disease (CKD) cohort, the KoreaN Cohort Study for Outcomes in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease (KNOW-CKD) was established to investigate the clinical course, risk factors for progression, and adverse outcomes of CKD. (krcp-ksn.org)
In order to broaden knowledge regarding the risk factors for CKD progression and adverse outcomes, the KoreaN Cohort Study for Outcomes in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease (KNOW-CKD) was established with the support of the Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) [ 4 ]. (krcp-ksn.org)
All the subjects being ethnic Koreans, the KNOW-CKD is expected to provide high-level evidence from Koreans on the clinical courses and clinical and biological factors for CKD progression and/or adverse outcomes, and diverse deficits related to CKD such as cardiovascular comorbidity, anemia, mineral metabolic derangements, quality of life (QOL), and health habits. (krcp-ksn.org)
These outcomes include myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and peripheral artery disease. (edensguthealth.com)
Second, in a separate analysis in our cohort, neither absolute viral load nor change in viral load was associated with C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of generalized inflammation that is associated with cardiovascular outcomes in the general population. (natap.org)

Abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue compartments: association with metabolic risk factors in the framingham heart study. (scielosp.org)
Elevated waist circumference, a crude anthropometric index of the absolute amount of visceral adipose tissue, better predicts the risk of developing the metabolic syndrome and related disorders than BMI. (myhealthywaist.org)
A preferential loss of visceral adipose tissue can improve cardiometabolic risk markers and insulin resistance variables. (myhealthywaist.org)
Waist circumference (WC) does not distinguish visceral from subcutaneous adipose tissue, and hence cannot accurately reflect levels of visceral adipose tissue [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Visceral fat (VF) rather than subcutaneous fat (SF) is the major predictor of adverse events. (elsevierpure.com)
Non-obese PCOS women may display a trend towards sub-clinical atherosclerosis due to visceral fat deposition, which is the principal predictor of this phenomenon in PCOS women ( 8). (imsociety.org)

We aimed to externally validate a non-laboratory risk assessment tool for the prediction of the chronic cardio-metabolic disorders in the Iranian population. (biomedcentral.com)
This model showed acceptable discrimination and good calibration for risk prediction of chronic cardio-metabolic disorders in short and long-term follow-up in the Iranian population. (biomedcentral.com)
Abdominal fat and the proportion of lean body mass haveÂ both beenÂ independently considered as risk factors leading to insulin resistance and to an increased risk of developing chronic diseases later in life. (imed.pub)
However, an increase in the waist circumference is accompanied by a disproportionately greater increase in fat mass compared to lean mass, which could indicate an additional risk factor for future chronic diseases. (imed.pub)
Instead, the success of your weight-management efforts should be evaluated not just by the number of pounds you lose, but by improvements in your chronic disease risk factors, such as reduced blood pressure, cholesterol and blood sugar levels, as well as by new, healthy lifestyle habits. (healthywomen.org)
We undertook cross-sectional analysis of 2,052 client records from 97 PHC centers to assess CVRA in Indigenous adults aged ≥20 years with no recorded chronic disease diagnosis (2012-2014). (frontiersin.org)
Highly preventable chronic diseases contribute most to the higher rate of poor health and premature death experienced by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. (frontiersin.org)
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing health burden worldwide, as well as in Korea [ 1 ]. (krcp-ksn.org)
Unlike other CKD cohort studies such as the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) of the United States [ 6 , 7 ] or the Chronic Kidney Disease Japan Cohort (CKD-JAC) of Japan [ 8 ], the KNOW-CKD study includes CKD at early stages (stages G1 and G2) as well as advanced stages, providing a platform on which to investigate the courses of early CKD over the long term. (krcp-ksn.org)
However, there has been a concomitant increase in new health problems in South Korea, such as higher rates of chronic disease. (biomedcentral.com)
Thus, preventing metabolic syndrome is important for managing chronic diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
Health-related physical fitness reduces the risk of chronic disease, promotes quality of life and has enormous economic benefits considering the global health care costs resulting from obesity. (researchsquare.com)
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment program has grown exponentially in Nigeria largely due to improved Antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen which has changed the course of HIV/AIDs by enabling patients to live longer, raising concern of the co-existence of HIV with other chronic illnesses, notably non communicable diseases (NCDs). (bvsalud.org)
Periodontal disease (PD) is a chronic infection that produces a local and systemic inflammatory response. (bvsalud.org)
Periodontitis is a chronic infectious disease affecting the world adult population, characterized by the loss of gingival insertion and bone resorption as a result of the infect ion by periodontal pathogens, such as Porphyiromonas gingivalis (Pg), Prevotella intermedia (Pi), Tannerella forsythia (Tf) and Aggregatibacter (Actinobacillus) actinomycetemcomintans (Aa) 13 . (bvsalud.org)

It has been suggested that high ABSI relates to a greater fraction of abdominal adipose tissue and appears to be a significant risk factor for premature death [ 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

However, abdominal adiposity may be more predictive of CVD risk than BMI. (cdc.gov)
Abdominal adiposity is a risk factor for obesity-related complications, and there is increasing evidence that abdominal adiposity may be a contributing factor to complications not related to adiposity at the waist (4,5). (cdc.gov)
An important related aspect is that, during the menopausal transition, women develop increased adiposity mainly at the waist. (imsociety.org)

The results suggest waist size "would be a good measurement to use in clinical settings if we want to identify those children who are most at risk for future health complications," he said. (livescience.com)

when considering subcutaneous fat, the study found a strong correlation with waist circumference (WC) ( r =0.87 and r =0.88) and with body mass index (BMI) ( r =0.88 and r =0.83) in women and men, respectively. (scielosp.org)
A child's waistline is the best predictor, in terms of body measurements, of his or her risk for heart disease later in life, according to a new study. (livescience.com)
High body mass index is still is a decent marker for long term risk, but it wasn't as good as waist circumference," said study researcher Michael Schmidt, of the University of Georgia. (livescience.com)
The study is one of the first to compare different body measurements and how well they predicted future disease risk. (livescience.com)
Waist circumference may be a superior predictor because it provides an indication of the amount of fat stored centrally in the body, Schmidt said.The researchers analyzed data from 2,188 Australians who took part in a health and fitness survey in 1985, when they were ages 7 to 9. (livescience.com)
Obesity has been identified as one of The present study was part of a large to assume any significant difference in the risk factors for the development cross-sectional survey performed in Cy- the characteristics of participants and and maintenance of eating disorder prus at 2 time periods, 2003 and 2010, non-participants since both in 2003 symptoms [5] and pathological body using 2 different cohorts. (who.int)
The surveys in both years Data collection common risk factors including diet- took place in elementary and secondary Informed consent was received from ing, body dissatisfaction, teasing and schools. (who.int)
Body mass index (BMI) being the most studied anthropometric index has been reported to be significantly related to CVD risk factors as demonstrated by several prospective and cross-sectional studies [ 13 - 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
Anthropometric measurements such as body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and skinfold thickness have been used as criteria to determine obesity in children and adolescents. (paediatricaindonesiana.org)
All subjects underwent blood pressure, waist circumference, tricep- and subscapular-skinfold thickness (TST and SST), body weight, and body height measurements. (paediatricaindonesiana.org)
9. Glasser N, Zellner K, Kromeyer-Hauschild K. Validity of body mass index and waist circumference to detect excess fat mass in children aged 7-14 years. (paediatricaindonesiana.org)
Although waist circumference and body mass index (BMI) are interrelated, waist circumference provides an independent prediction of risk over and above that of BMI. (healthjade.com)
13. Heymsfield S.B., Cefalu W.T. Does body mass index adequately convey a patient's mor-tality risk? (medline.ru)
There is growing evidence that early development of obesity increases cardiovascular risk later in life, but less is known about whether there are effects of long-term excess body weight on the biological drivers associated with the atherosclerotic pathway, particularly adipokines, inflammatory and endothelial markers. (nature.com)
The University of Pittsburgh conducted a study that showed people who logged more down time from work had a lower Body Mass Index and healthier waist circumference - two key predictors of overall good health. (carolinedowdhiggins.com)
Conclusion-- Working longer hours was significantly associated with larger waist circumferences and higher body mass index among male police officers working the midnight shift. (cdc.gov)
Author Manuscript body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference among female clean-room workers for electronic semiconductor production. (cdc.gov)
Most of the previous works studied the association of dyslipidemia with body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) [ 2 - 6 ], which are commonly considered as the valid measures of obesity [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
ABSI is an index of body composition based on waist circumference, BMI, and height [ 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The change in body fat distribution in addition to the increased total body fat, has an importance as predictor of cardiovascular risk factor in children [4,5]. (scirp.org)
This has a direct impact on your health and the risk of disease associated with being overweight or obese even if your Body Mass Index ( BMI ) tells you that you are on the safe side of being fat. (fit-and-well.com)
In this article, we will discuss how to measure your waist and hip, how to calculate your health risk based on those measurements, and also talk about the science behind body shapes (popular wisdom has identified pear, apple, and avocado shapes), and their relationship with health risks. (fit-and-well.com)
Body mass index (BMI) has been used as an indirect predictor for the risk of metabolic syndrome. (biomedcentral.com)
People who perceived themselves to be overweight for their body size had a higher risk for metabolic syndrome even if they have the same BMI. (biomedcentral.com)
Our findings suggest that the combination of body size perception and BMI is useful in predicting the risk of metabolic syndrome. (biomedcentral.com)
The risk of developing the syndrome is related to HIV, specific medications, and body fat. (natap.org)
This study aimed to determine the associations of health-related physical fitness with body mass index (BMI) distribution and overweight/obesity risk among adults aged 23-64 years in Taiwan. (researchsquare.com)
How do I tell my body shape, or just if my risk is elevated? (plantimize.com)
Cardiovascular health score was defined by the American Heart Association as a composite score of 7 key risk factors (smoking status, physical activity, diet, body mass index, blood pressure, total cholesterol, and fasting blood glucose) with 0 to 2 points for each factor. (unav.edu)
The expression of miR-221-3p was positively correlated with body weight, BMI and waist circumference, and negatively correlated with quantitative insulin sensitivity check index. (unav.edu)
25 kg/m2), no known cardiovascular disease (CVD), and for whom data was available on body composition, as determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). (imsociety.org)
After adjusting for confounding factors (i.e., demographics, lifestyle, clinical factors), neither whole-body fat mass nor fat percentage was found to be related to CVD risk. (imsociety.org)
After menopause, there is an increase in cardiovascular risk (CVR), basically due to the rise in body weight (2). (imsociety.org)
What role do body weight and fitness level play in the risk for prediabetes among adults? (medscape.com)
In addition we will address important areas of modern epidemiology such as the influence of early life factors on adult health and disease, but also the importance of the gene-diet-microbiota interaction for body function and health. (lu.se)

In the 1980s, diastolic blood pressure was determined as the main risk factor of CVD [3]. (who.int)
The aim of this study was to determine the predictors of diet and lifestyle-related CVD risk factors (total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides, blood glucose and systolic and diastolic blood pressure) in adults residing in an urban district of Tehran. (who.int)

It has been shown that elevated serum levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, total cholesterol and triglycerides, low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and abnormal blood glucose levels are the dominant risk factors for CVD [4,5]. (who.int)
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) refers to clustering of several cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors including central obesity, insulin resistance, high blood pressure (BP), reduced levels of serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and increased level of serum triglycerides (TG) [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Metabolic syndrome is generally diagnosed by five indicators: waist circumference, triglyceride level, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level, blood pressure, and fasting glucose level. (biomedcentral.com)
On the other hand, higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels reduce the risk of obesity and cardiovascular disease due to HDL's antioxidant activity and association with improved glucose metabolism. (edensguthealth.com)

At BMIs greater than or equal to 35, waist circumference has little added predictive power of disease risk beyond that of BMI. (healthjade.com)
Neck circumference is predictive of a risk of sleep apnea, and its serial measurement in the individual patient is clinically useful for risk stratification. (medscape.com)

Boundary values were first suggested for WHtR in 1996 to reflect health implications and were portrayed on a simple chart of waist circumference against height. (wikipedia.org)
WHtR is an indicator of 'early health risk': several systematic reviews and meta-analyses of data in adults of all ages, as well as in children and adolescents, have supported the superiority of WHtR over the use of BMI and waist circumference in predicting early health risk. (wikipedia.org)
Cross-sectional studies in many different global populations have supported the premise that WHtR is a simple and effective anthropometric index to identify health risks in adults of all ages and in children and adolescents. (wikipedia.org)
The optimum cut-off range of WrC to identify individuals at increased cardiometabolic risk was 17.5 to -17.8 cm for men and 16.0 to 16.7 cm for women while that of WHtR was 0.52 to 0.61 for men and 0.53 to 0.59 for women. (hindawi.com)
In a study among South African blacks, WHtR was found as a significant predictor for all cardiometabolic risk components after 5 years in an adult population [ 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
The application of WHtR provides an alternative anthropometric index of central obesity that avoids the limitations of WC because the inclusion of height into the index enhances the avoidance of any potential confounding of cardiometabolic risk by height [ 19 ]. (hindawi.com)
The use of WC and WHtR provides the advantage in that the indexes are good predictors of intra-abdominal fat deposition and are related to the development of cardiovascular risk factor [17-19] Previous reports have also indicated the trunk skinfold as the sensitive tool to detect metabolic abnormalities in children and adolescents [4,20]. (scirp.org)

It is used as a predictor of obesity-related cardiovascular disease. (wikipedia.org)
Waist circumference also assumes greater value for estimating risk for obesity-related disease at older ages. (healthjade.com)

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a complex pathology that combines several risk factors for cardiovascular disease. (bvsalud.org)

Waist circumference (WC) measurements were carried out in duplicate and the arithmetic mean was calculated. (bvsalud.org)
The quartiles of health-related physical fitness results were identified as the dependent variable in the multiple linear and multiple logistic regression analysis to determine the associations of the health-related physical fitness measurements with the BMI distribution and the overweight/obesity risk as well as the dose-response relationship. (researchsquare.com)
There are some differences among ethnicities though, Asians, generally, have lower waist circumference measurements, so to get a deeper assessment consider the following measures to go a bit further. (plantimize.com)
serial tracking of these measurements helps in estimating the clinical risk over time. (medscape.com)

Chen B, Li H. Waist circumference as an indicator of high blood pressure in preschool obese children. (imed.pub)
According to Mayo Clinic research in 2012, people who are of normal weight but have fat concentrated in their bellies have a higher death risk than those who are obese. (healthjade.com)
And what a problem: with all that eating, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that 68 percent of the nation is overweight or obese. (healthywomen.org)

Considerable attention has been given to waist circumference as a complementary (10) and, in some cases, superior (8) assessment to BMI. (cdc.gov)
Despite the importance of absolute cardiovascular risk assessment (CVRA) as a screening and early intervention tool, few studies have reported its use within the Australian Indigenous primary health care (PHC) sector. (frontiersin.org)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)

Metabolic syndrome is a collection of symptoms associated with cardiovascular disease , including high blood sugar, high blood pressure and low levels of "good" cholesterol. (livescience.com)
Although the scientific/physical benefits of Orthodox Christian fasting is not the greatest benefit or reason for doing so, its still a proven fact that being Orthodox lowers your cholesterol, risk for heart disease & cancer, boosts immunity, resets the bodies internal and external functions to default, energizes the organs and lowers chance of depression, stress and mental health. (johnsanidopoulos.com)
3] found that the best predictors of incident metabolic syndrome over a 5 year follow-up were waist circumference, HDL cholesterol, and proinsulin levels. (myhealthywaist.org)
For my patients, I usually recommend trying to burn 2000 kCal or more per week to see noticeable improvements in cholesterol levels to lower risk for heart disease. (villageclubs.com)
The incidence of metabolic syndrome decreases as well, which is a group of risk factors that increase the risk of heart disease, and includes increase waist circumference, glucose intolerance, elevated blood pressure, low good cholesterol (HDL) and high triglyceride levels. (villageclubs.com)
Overweight people are more likely to have high blood pressure, a major risk factor for heart disease and stroke, and high cholesterol, also a risk factor. (healthywomen.org)
While no consensus definition of metabolic health exists, generally, metabolic health is defined as having a waist circumference, cholesterol, blood sugar, blood pressure, and triglycerides all within a healthy range. (edensguthealth.com)
As discussed above, high cholesterol levels increase the risk of heart disease. (edensguthealth.com)
Other therapies have been associated with improvements in metabolic profiles, such as increases in HDL cholesterol (nevirapine and nelfinavir).33 In our cohort, lopinavir/ritonavir users had a higher risk of developing metabolic syndrome. (natap.org)

The mean T-score was significantly higher in the hysterectomized women, adjusting for age, waist circumference and sociodemographic factors. (uwi.edu)

A study among urban and rural settlers in a Ghanaian population found an increased cardiometabolic risk factors among urban settlers due to their increased sedentary and unhealthy dietary habits [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
However, the argument about the most effective anthropometric index associated with cardiometabolic risk factors among diabetics remains unresolved. (hindawi.com)

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether urine biomarkers of kidney health are associated with subclinical cardiovascular disease among men living with and without HIV. (bvsalud.org)
Objective: The aim of this study was to review the literature about the possible association between periodontal disease and metabolic syndrome and to identify the components of this syndrome that may contribute to this association. (bvsalud.org)

HONG KONG (Reuters) - A Japanese study conducted over 11 years has found that job stress can significantly increase the risk of stroke in men. (kinwrite.com)
Men with high strain jobs had a more than two-fold higher risk of total stroke than did men with low-strain jobs," the Japanese researchers wrote. (kinwrite.com)
However, while women in high-strain jobs appeared to have a higher risk of stroke than women with low-strain jobs, the difference was not statistically significant. (kinwrite.com)
NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - People who occasionally binge-drink may have a heightened long-term risk of suffering a stroke, even if they do not regularly drink heavily, a new study suggests. (kinwrite.com)
Researchers have known that while moderate drinking seems to lower the risk of heart disease and stroke, regular, heavy alcohol consumption has the opposite effect. (kinwrite.com)
WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Neither vitamin C nor vitamin E supplements cuts the risk of cardiovascular disease including heart attack and stroke in a U.S. study published on Sunday. (kinwrite.com)
If you are overweight, you are more likely to develop heart disease and stroke, the leading causes of death for both men and women in the United States. (healthywomen.org)

The table below incorporates both BMI and waist circumference in the classification of overweight and obesity, and provides an indication of disease risk. (healthjade.com)
Therefore, the successful prediction of future risk for overweight and obesity and subsequent weight management are important topics in Taiwan. (researchsquare.com)

Significantly, the lifestyle intervention program reduced waist circumference by 4.4 ± 5.2 cm and improved both glucose-insulin homeostasis variables and lipoprotein-lipid parameters associated with the metabolic syndrome. (myhealthywaist.org)
For CHD events, persistent high fasting plasma glucose was associated with greater risk in women than men with women-to-men RHRs of 1.62 (1.09-2.40). (biomedcentral.com)

The KNOW-CKD will eventually offer a prediction model for long-term consequences of CKD, such as the occurrences of end-stage renal disease, cardiovascular disease, and death, thereby enabling the identification and treatment of at-risk populations that require extra medical attention. (krcp-ksn.org)
Ahmad's team included Asians, Africans, and Non-Western groups, but when only western populations are considered, the risk goes up to 14% and 18% higher risk for men and women for every 4 inches (10 cm) increase in their waistline. (fit-and-well.com)
Improving Brain Health for Populations Disproportionately Affected by Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias. (cdc.gov)

To overcome these limitations, our study plans to use the large-scale population cohort data in ALSPAC, adopt advanced statistical methods and causal inference methods, systematically analyze the strength of the association and causal effects of maternal-related diseases between neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring, and explore possible mechanisms and intervention measures. (bristol.ac.uk)

It is very easy to measure your waist and your hip girth. (fit-and-well.com)
To measure your waist circumference, just take some measuring tape and wrap it all the way around your waist. (edensguthealth.com)

To see if black Jamaican postmenopausal women who had hysterectomy were at increased risk of osteoporosis. (uwi.edu)
The authors concluded that, in postmenopausal women with normal BMI, both elevated trunk and reduced leg fat increase the risk of CVD. (imsociety.org)

For CHD, women in MetS-developed group (1.86, 1.07-3.22) had higher risk than MetS-free group. (biomedcentral.com)
Change in MetS and its key components were associated with different risks for CVD events in both genders, with generally stronger associations in women than men. (biomedcentral.com)

Obesity is previously shown to be associated with increased rates of dyslipidemia and other cardiovascular risk factors [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Peak VO2 represents the highest rate of oxygen usage obtainable with maximum exercise, and is one of the best predictors of cardiorespiratory fitness. (villageclubs.com)
Cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular fitness were effective predictors of BMI distribution and overweight/obesity risk in Taiwanese adults. (researchsquare.com)

However, there are cumulative doubts about its role in predicting CVD risk factors. (hindawi.com)

According to World Health Organization guidance, the waist circumference is usually measured midway between the lower rib and the iliac crest. (wikipedia.org)
To review the contribution of the Nurses' Health Studies (NHS and NHS II) in addressing hypotheses regarding risk factors for and consequences of obesity. (aphapublications.org)
The NHS cohorts have contributed to our understanding of the risk factors for and consequences of obesity and made a lasting impact on clinical and public health guidelines on obesity prevention. (aphapublications.org)
Once a rarity, obesity is now epidemic, and major health organizations consider it a disease. (aphapublications.org)
Obesity rates have climbed across the decades despite increasing knowledge about obesity's health risks and strategies for prevention. (aphapublications.org)
It helps to define how cells respond to environmental signals and, ultimately, contributes to health or susceptibility to disease. (bristol.ac.uk)
The arm circumference as a public health index of protein-calorie malnutrition of early childhood. (imed.pub)
That's one reason some experts think waist circumference can be a better overall health measurement than BMI. (healthjade.com)
Research shows that people with "apple-shaped" bodies (with more weight around the waist) face more health risks associated with being overweight than those with "pear-shaped" bodies who carry more weight around the hips. (healthjade.com)
Anyone with risk factors for health problems must be concerned about extra weight. (healthywomen.org)
A host of studies have highlighted the potential cardiovascular-health benefits of taking a vacation, including: reducing the risk of heart disease, lower blood pressure, decreased depression, and less stress. (carolinedowdhiggins.com)
however, BMI may not be a reliable indicator of health risk across all racial and ethnic groups (6,8,9). (cdc.gov)
Around one-fifth of the health disparity is caused by cardiovascular disease (CVD). (frontiersin.org)
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), largely driven by the combined effect of several modifiable risk factors such as smoking and obesity, is the leading contributor accounting for one-fifth of the health gap ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
You're basing a definition of health on what someone looks like at that moment and what those various risk factors are. (medscape.com)
However, relatively limited information is available regarding the dose-response relationship between health-related physical fitness and obesity risk. (researchsquare.com)
Poor health behaviours associated with depression, such as smoking, physical inactivity and high caloric intake, may increase the risk of type 2 DM. (scielo.org.za)
Gore J, Denno B, Omura JD, Baumgart M, McGuire LC, O'Brien K. Promoting Healthy Aging to Reduce the Risk of Dementia: A Public Health Imperative. (cdc.gov)
The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between ideal cardiovascular health (Life's simple 7) and the odds of having short telomeres in a subsample of participants older than 55 years from the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) study. (unav.edu)
Conclusions: An inverse association between cardiovascular health score and short telomeres was found especially for men older than 55 years in the SUN population. (unav.edu)
Women's health behaviour change after receiving breast cancer risk estimates with tailored screening and prevention recommendations. (cdc.gov)

Setting & Participants: In the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) study, 948 participants were studied. (bvsalud.org)
Similar results were observed in a 2021 study , but waist circumference measures had to be combined with handgrip strength. (edensguthealth.com)

The use of complementary predictors could reduce the risk for inaccurate prediction of metabolic syndrome. (biomedcentral.com)

Boys with large waists were 5 times more likely, and girls 6 times more likely, to develop metabolic syndrome as young adults than those with smaller waists. (livescience.com)
Among our cohort of HIV-infected adults, the risk of developing metabolic syndrome was higher in those with a clinically relevant increase in viral load (≥0.5 log) in the previous 6 months. (natap.org)
However, the sit-and-reach test was partially related to BMI and overweight/obesity risk in adults. (researchsquare.com)
Characteristics of Asian American Family Caregivers of Older Adults Compared to Caregivers of Other Racial/Ethnic Groups: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2015-2020. (cdc.gov)

The factors that were significantly related to low BMD were hysterectomy status, age, waist circumference and being employed. (uwi.edu)
The 3MPKS test and relative hand grip strength were significantly negatively associated with BMI and overweight/obesity risk with a dose-response relationship in both men and women. (researchsquare.com)

In fact, some experts believe that weight is not the sole cause of the diseases associated with being overweight, but that the accompanying unhealthy foods and sedentary lifestyles also contribute to these diseases. (healthywomen.org)

Anatomy20

Organisms2

Diseases46

Chemicals and Drugs25

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment72

Psychiatry and Psychology11

Phenomena and Processes56

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena7

Technology, Industry, Agriculture8

Information Science7

Named Groups10

Health Care64

Geographicals30

Type-2 diabet15

Ratio35

Hypertension16

Coronary6

Abdominal obesity5

Systolic blood pr2

Better predictor2

Diabetes28

Morbidity4

Mortality7

Independent predictor1

Prevalence4

Large waist circumference1

Outcomes9

Visceral6

Chronic15

Adipose tissue1

Adiposity3

Complications1

Body35

Diastolic blood pr2

High-density lip4

Predictive2

WHtR7

Obesity-related2

Factors for cardiovascular disease1

Measurements4

Obese3

Assessment2

Centers for Diseas1

Cholesterol9

Sociodemographic1

Cardiometabolic risk2

OBJECTIVE2

Stroke7

Overweight and Obesity2

Glucose2

Populations3

Methods1

Measure your waist2

Postmenopausal women2

MetS2

Dyslipidemia1

Cardiorespiratory fitness2

Predicting CVD risk factors1

Health21

Study2

Prediction1

Adults4

Significantly2

Associated with being over1