Risks of passive smoking. Medical search. Frequent questions

This paper reviews the evidence that exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) increases the risk of heart disease death among persons who have never smoked (never-smokers). (nih.gov)
The annual number of heart disease deaths in the United States attributable to ETS is estimated, as is the individual risk of heart disease death for exposed never-smokers. (nih.gov)
The relative risk for never-smokers living with current or former smokers, compared with never-smokers living with nonsmokers, has ranged from 0.9 to 3.0 in nine studies. (nih.gov)
Assuming that the observed heart disease risk for those exposed to ETS is not an artifact of misclassification or confounding, approximately 35,000 to 40,000 deaths from ischemic heart disease among never-smokers and long-term former smokers are estimated to have occurred annually in the United States as a result of ETS exposure in the early 1980s. (nih.gov)
The group of non-smokers was then categorised according to the level of second-hand smoke they had been exposed to during childhood, as an adult at home, and as an adult at work. (science20.com)
Women who had never smoked were less likely to miscarry, have a stillborn child or an ectopic pregnancy than either current or former smokers, the data showed. (science20.com)
Compared with non-smokers, women who had ever smoked during their reproductive years were 16% more likely to miscarry, 44% more likely to have a stillborn child, and 43% more likely to have an ectopic pregnancy. (science20.com)
And these associations were also evident for non-smokers who had breathed in other people's cigarette smoke compared with non-smokers who had not been similarly exposed. (science20.com)
The longer the period of exposure, the greater was the risk for non-smokers. (science20.com)
A U.S. District Court decision has vacated several chapters of the EPA document 'Respiratory Health Effects of Passive Smoking: Lung Cancer and Other Disorders' that served as the basis for EPA's classification of secondhand smoke as a Group A carcinogen and estimates that ETS causes 3,000 lung cancer deaths in non-smokers each year. (ehso.com)
In recent years, there has been concern that non-smokers may also be at risk for some of these health effects as a result of their exposure ('passive smoking') to the smoke exhaled by smokers and smoke given off by the burning end of cigarettes. (ehso.com)
Not only do smokers possess high concentrations of NNK in their bodies, but animals treated with this compound develop the lung tumor that typifies smoking-related cancer in people. (sciencenews.org)
If smokers can't smoke on the way to work, at work, in stores, banks, restaurants, malls, and other public places, they are going to smoke less," complained Philip Morris Corporate Affairs Vice President Ellen Merlo in a speech to tobacco vendors. (sourcewatch.org)
Smokers cough is a common feature of smoking and is caused by chemicals within cigarette smoke. (medic8.com)
Long-term adult smokers often began smoking as young people - 80% began before the age of 20. (health.gov.au)
MYRTLE BEACH - Smokers will find it tougher to light up in some hotels, with more properties going completely smoke-free - some even banning it on room balcon. (wn.com)
For subjects with a history of smoking, we also applied the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence, and we evaluated the level of motivation to quit smoking among the current smokers. (who.int)
Although tobacco smoke has long sampleof300non-smokerhousewife period.Adequacyofantenatalcarewas beenlinkedtovariousdiseasesamong motherswhodeliveredinthelabour evaluateddependingonthenumber smokers,itwasnotuntil1964thatthis wardofAl-Yarmokhospital,Baghdad. (who.int)
COPD Cause: Why are non-smokers at the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? (indiatimes.com)
Of the two choices, it obviously makes better sense for smokers to smoke outside because the alternative of putting your cat out and smoking inside results in the smoke lingering in the home for a long time afterwards. (pictures-of-cats.org)
Smokers, who say they're being discriminated against in the drive to widen the smoke-free environment, try to couch the issue in terms of choice. (csmonitor.com)
As for heart disease, the British Heart Foundation suggests the increase in risk for active smokers is about 60 per cent. (spiked-online.com)
Passive smoking involves an exposure to the chemicals produced by cigarettes of roughly one or two per cent of that for active smokers, yet this whiff of smoke is supposed to increase the risk of heart disease by 25 per cent. (spiked-online.com)
The authors agree that young smokers give little or no thought to health risks or the problems of addiction. (sagepub.com)
Other risk factors for COPD are passive smoking (exposure of non-smokers to cigarette smoke from others), male gender, and working in a polluted environment. (health.am)
And while heavy smokers are at the highest risk, any amount of smoking is the wrong amount. (lcfamerica.org)
. Even individuals exposed to second hand smoke (passive smoking) like children or family members of the smokers tend to develop asthma attacks on continual exposure. (ayurvediccure.com)
Knowledge about the health hazards of passive smoking and support for the law, however, were relatively lower among smokers than non-smokers. (who.int)
Thirty-nine (22.9%) participants were either active or passive smokers. (who.int)

The report concludes that exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) -- commonly known as secondhand smoke -- is responsible for approximately 3,000 lung cancer deaths each year in nonsmoking adults and impairs the respiratory health of hundreds of thousands of children. (ehso.com)
The Environmental Protection Agency firmly maintains that the bulk of the scientific evidence demonstrates that secondhand smoke -- environmental tobacco smoke, or 'ETS' -- causes lung cancer and other significant health threats to children and adults. (ehso.com)
EPA's report ('Respiratory Health Effects of Passive Smoking: Lung Cancer and Other Disorders,' EPA/600/6-90/006F) was peer-reviewed by 18 eminent, independent scientists who unanimously endorsed the study's methodology and conclusions. (ehso.com)
Tobacco use is known to cause lung cancer in humans, and is a major risk factor for heart disease. (ehso.com)
Nonsmokers living with a smoker have an elevated risk of lung cancer. (sciencenews.org)
In the past, researchers have linked cigarette smoke to lung cancer in nonsmokers by finding noncarcinogenic cigarette compounds, including nicotine, in nonsmokers' blood or urine. (sciencenews.org)
Exposure to secondhand smoke can lead to lung cancer, acute and chronic coronary heart disease (CHD), and eye and nasal irritation in adults. (tobaccoatlas.org)
A couple's 30-a-day cigarette habit resulted in their pet dog contracting terminal lung cancer from passive smoking. (pictures-of-cats.org)
Passive smoking is said to increase the risk of lung cancer and heart disease by around 25 per cent (1). (spiked-online.com)
He notes a telling 2013 article published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute under the headline "No Clear Link Between Passive Smoking and Lung Cancer. (reason.com)
The article described a large prospective study of 76,000 women that "confirmed a strong association between cigarette smoking and lung cancer but found no link between the disease and secondhand smoke. (reason.com)
While "we don't want people to conclude that passive smoking has no effect on lung cancer," one of the researchers said, "this analysis doesn't tell us what the risk is, or even if there is a risk. (reason.com)
An expert quoted by the journal, University of Chicago oncologist Jyoti Patel, "said the findings were not new," adding: "Passive smoking has many downstream health effects-asthma, upper respiratory infections, other pulmonary diseases, cardiovascular disease-but only borderline increased risk of lung cancer. (reason.com)
In fact, smoking is linked to about 90% of lung cancer deaths. (cspas.ca)
How do you know if you are at risk for lung cancer? (lcfamerica.org)
Smoking, including cigarette, cigar, and pipe smoking, is thought to be responsible for 80% of all lung cancer diagnoses. (lcfamerica.org)

Several studies have shown a dose-response relationship and have controlled for other risk factors. (nih.gov)
Prior to this study, it was thought this type of cancer was caused by a feline leukaemia virus, but the results showed exposure to environmental factors, such as second-hand tobacco smoke, has devastating consequences for cats. (dailymail.co.uk)
Exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) was one of the leading risk factors for deaths globally in 2019, accounting for approximately 1.3 million deaths and contributing to 37 million Disability-Adjusted life years (DALYs), with 11.2% of the burden in children under the age of 5 years. (tobaccoatlas.org)
Environmental, demographic, and psychosocial risk factors for LRI were measured during home interviews. (unc.edu)
4 Those factors are different in mainstream and sidestream smoke (Jenkins et al. (nationalacademies.org)
Cardiovascular (CV) risk factors such as hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycaemia, obesity, hypertension, smoking, and aging promote vascular inflammation and endothelial activation [ 7 - 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
Controlling these factors reduces the risk of acute vascular complications and death from CVD [ 1 , 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
The control of the risk factors is the main cost-effective available measure for preventing major events associated to CVD [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
Risk factors for female infertility in an agricultur al region. (cdc.gov)
The major risk factors for chronic respiratory diseases include tobacco smoke and other forms of indoor air pollution, allergens, household chemicals and outdoor pollution. (who.int)
Other risk factors include exposure to indoor and outdoor air pollution and occupational dusts and fumes. (who.int)
After your medical history is documented, including your symptoms and risk factors (e.g. smoking), a physical examination will be carried out. (mediservice.ch)
And this of course, first begins, with raising awareness about risk factors and triggers of this progressive disease. (indiatimes.com)
If step one is being able to identify the risk factors of COPD, the next step is to identify your level of exposure by diagnosing the impact (if at all) they have had on your lungs. (indiatimes.com)
In any event, careful epidemiologists treat increases of risk of less than 100 per cent with scepticism, simply because there are so many potentially confounding factors that could distort the results. (spiked-online.com)
Far from being enormous effects, the risk factors widely stated for passive smoking are in fact very weak. (spiked-online.com)
Other factors such as sedentary lifestyle, less physical exercise, the habit of eating junk food and overall poor diet can lead to increased incidence of uncontrolled diabetes, hypertension and high cholesterol which are some of the major risk factors for heart disease," adds Dr Dora. (indiatimes.com)
Apart from risk factors such as unhealthy eating, work-related stress is emerging as a major cause for this condition among the youth. (indiatimes.com)
People should get checked on time, undertaken age-appropriate health checkups, and be aware of risk factors. (indiatimes.com)
Manage your risk factors such as high blood pressure, cholesterol, and diabetes. (indiatimes.com)
The area under the receiver operator curve for multivariate prediction models including these metabolites and traditional risk factors was 0.77 for rapid growth and 0.82 for overweight, compared with 0.69 and 0.69, respectively, for models using traditional risk factors alone. (nature.com)
Will the presence or absence of other risk factors for breast cancer influence the likely benefit or harm from a change in exposure to a given risk factor? (nationalacademies.org)
and assist researchers in accurately determining the cause of and risk factors for SIDS. (cdc.gov)
Because these criteria are often not met and because practices for case investigation vary in the United States, efforts to determine the cause of and risk factors for SIDS have been hampered. (cdc.gov)
A thorough history, including an assessment of the risk factors, and a careful examination of the oral cavity are the most important clinical tools in diagnosing oral lesions. (medscape.com)
To condense evidence about risk and protective factors for childhood asthma and/or wheezing disorders occurred in the first 1,000 days of life. (bvsalud.org)
Systematic reviews with meta-analysis, or meta-analysis of observational and interventional studies on risk or protective factors for childhood asthma/wheeze, emphasizing the period between the conception and two first years of age, were included. (bvsalud.org)
and neonatal hyperbilirrubinemia are risk factors for asthma/wheeze in childhood. (bvsalud.org)
Asthma prevalence has been increasing worldwide, not only due to the genetic background, but also mainly because of the effect of environmental risk factors. (bvsalud.org)
Questionnaires were used to collect data on demographics, symptoms, diagnoses, and potential risk factors. (who.int)

Methacrylaldehyde is also present in cigarette smoke. (wikipedia.org)
Cigarette smoke is a complex aerosol 2 consisting of thousands of chemicals (Cal EPA, 2005b). (nationalacademies.org)
Before the 1980s, most pediatricians thought that the amount of "side-stream" cigarette smoke contaminants absorbed by nonsmoking children was too small to be important. (medscape.com)
Benzene is also present in crude oil and gasoline and cigarette smoke. (cdc.gov)

Individuals who have schistosomiasis and sickle cell disease have an elevated risk of pulmonary hypertension, or high blood pressure within the lungs. (who.int)
According to a US study in the 1 July issue of AIDS , HIV-positive men are at a higher risk of abnormal pulmonary gas exchange than HIV-negative men. (aidsmap.com)
Smoking is associated with structural changes in the airways and pulmonary parenchyma, including upper airway mucosal gland hypertrophy and hyperplasia. (medscape.com)

CONCLUSIONS: Among pregnant women, active smoking, passive smoking, and alternative forms of tobacco consumption appear to be highly prevalent, and such women seem to possess little knowledge about the consequences of tobacco use. (who.int)
Conclusions: Passive smoking and associated risks were significantly reduced but not totally eliminated. (drugsandalcohol.ie)

Tobacco smoke exposure was measured as the mean number of cigarettes smoked per day in the infant's presence. (unc.edu)
In exposed newborns, a significant inverse relationship was noticed between birth weight and the number of cigarettes smoked by household members ( r = -0.27). (who.int)

While these 67 countries (34%) show best practice levels in comprehensive smoke-free bans, there are still 37% of countries, and 38% of the world population, with partial smoke-free ban environments. (tobaccoatlas.org)
The remaining 56 countries (29%) fail to comprehensively protect people from secondhand smoke by having complete absence of or minimal smoking bans. (tobaccoatlas.org)
Important considerations in evaluating the effects of secondhand smoke include the magnitude of exposure to it, 1 how exposure can be measured, and how exposure changes with the implementation of smoking bans. (nationalacademies.org)
It then summarizes the information available on secondhand-smoke concentrations and exposures before and after the implementation of smoking bans. (nationalacademies.org)
Children's health will be put at risk from passive smoking if the government bans smoking in all restaurants and bars, according to dramatic new research out today. (wn.com)
Following the House of Commons vote on Tuesday, smoking in any enclosed public space in England will now be banned, adding to bans already announced for Scotland and Northern Ireland. (spiked-online.com)
Even Milov acknowledges that the push for smoking bans sometimes got ahead of the science concerning the dangers of secondhand smoke. (reason.com)
American Nonsmokers' Rights Foundation the passage of smoking bans in bars. (who.int)
The effects of Sacramento, CA, California Department of taxes and bans on passive smoking. (who.int)

Secondhand smoke appears under a variety of names in the industry's internal documents, which refer to it variously as "indirect smoke," "passive smoke," "sidestream smoke" or "environmental tobacco smoke" (often abbreviated ETS). (sourcewatch.org)
For the purpose of this report, the committee defined secondhand smoke as a complex mixture that is made up of gases and particles and includes smoke from burning cigarettes, cigars, and pipe tobacco (sidestream smoke) and exhaled mainstream smoke (CDC, 2006). (nationalacademies.org)
About 85% of secondhand smoke is composed of sidestream smoke emerging from the burning tip of the cigarette and the remainder is exhaled in mainstream smoke (the smoke inhaled by a smoker when puffing on a cigarette) (Kritz et al. (nationalacademies.org)
3 Although the composition of sidestream and mainstream smoke are qualitatively similar, there are substantial quantitative differences in composition between mainstream and sidestream smoke because the chemicals emitted in tobacco smoke change with temperature, oxygen concentration, pH, and the extent of combustion. (nationalacademies.org)
For instance, the ratio of the mass of benzene emitted into sidestream smoke compared to that emitted into mainstream smoke is approximately 10, while the corresponding ratio for the 4-aminobiphenyl is 30, and that, for nicotine is approximately 2. (nationalacademies.org)
2004) reported that the amount of total PAH in sidestream smoke "was about tenfold higher compared with mainstream smoke. (nationalacademies.org)

Along with Professor Ann McNeill, Prof Britton leads the centre, which is a major international driver of new research, policy and practice to reduce the prevalence of smoking and the harm it causes through prevention of uptake of smoking, promotion of smoking cessation, and development of more effective harm reduction strategies for those currently unable to stop smoking. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Nelson DE, Davis RM, Chrismon JH, Giovino GA. Pipe Smoking in the United States, 1965- 1991: Prevalence and Attributable Mortality. (cdc.gov)
COPD is likely to increase in coming years due to higher smoking prevalence and aging populations in many countries. (who.int)
Increased prevalence of asthma today is the result of this passive smoking for prolonged period. (ayurvediccure.com)
Yoong J. Prevalence-based, Objective: To estimate the cost of smoking in disease-specific estimate of Singapore in 2014 from the societal perspective. (who.int)
A recently observed from tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS and malaria increase in smoking prevalence, particularly among combined. (who.int)
Overall SAF by gender in 2010 smoking prevalence in the light of this re-examination. (who.int)

Smoking tobacco is harmful at any age, but young people can become addicted to nicotine very quickly. (health.gov.au)
This chapter discusses the constituents of secondhand smoke and the measurement of exposure to secondhand smoke, beginning with measurement of airborne tracers of secondhand smoke and of its main biologic markers (or biomarkers)-the nicotine metabolite cotinine and metabolites of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK). (nationalacademies.org)
Nicotine is primarily in the particulate phase of mainstream smoke but predominantly in the vapor phase in secondhand smoke (Cal EPA, 2005a). (nationalacademies.org)
Secondhand smoke exposure and risk following the Irish smoking ban: an assessment of salivary cotinine concentrations in hotel workers and air nicotine levels in bars. (drugsandalcohol.ie)
Mulcahy, Maurice and Evans, David S and Hammond, SK and Repace, JL and Byrne, M (2005) Secondhand smoke exposure and risk following the Irish smoking ban: an assessment of salivary cotinine concentrations in hotel workers and air nicotine levels in bars. (drugsandalcohol.ie)
Additionally, a random sample (n = 20) of city centre bars stratified by size (range 400-5000 square feet), were tested for air nicotine concentrations using passive samplers before and after the ban. (drugsandalcohol.ie)
Main Outcome Measures: Salivary cotinine concentrations (ng/ml), duration of self reported exposures to secondhand smoke, air nicotine (microg/cubic metre). (drugsandalcohol.ie)
Different types of nicotine consumption pose different amounts of risk. (reason.com)
Unlike Milov, who tells the story of the anti-smoking movement mainly as a triumph of public-spirited citizens over conniving capitalists, Grier details the costs of that victory, including unjustified coercion, politicized science, and a fanatical refusal to admit that different kinds of nicotine consumption pose different levels of risk. (reason.com)
One of the main reasons people find it difficult to quit smoking is because they're addicted to nicotine. (cspas.ca)
There are all sorts of e-juice flavors available with varying nicotine levels, so if you're looking to quit smoking, you can switch to e-cigarettes and gradually reduce your intake until you're finally ready to kick the habit for good. (cspas.ca)
Health Sciences, products of combustion of organic materials and are not of nicotine is converted to cotinine, primarily by SoonChunHyang University, specific to tobacco smoke exposure. (cdc.gov)

infants are at a significantly higher risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). (tobaccoatlas.org)
We studied the association between two measures of passive smoking and the incidence of acute LRI in infants. (unc.edu)
Smoke absorption by the infants was measured by the urinary cotinine/ creatinine ratio. (unc.edu)
We conclude that infants reportedly exposed to tobacco smoke have an increased incidence of LRI. (unc.edu)
Urinary cotinine will not necessarily improve the validity of studies of the relationship of passive smoking to LRI in infants. (unc.edu)
further analyses by Scragg et al, however, found that bed sharing before death was a risk factor only among Maori infants. (bmj.com)
10 Asian infants were more likely to share the parents' bed but less inclined to be exposed to passive smoke than white infants. (bmj.com)

In bivariate analyses, reported tobacco smoke exposure and urinary cotinine were associated with LRI. (unc.edu)
Design, Setting, and Participants: Before and after the smoking ban a cohort of workers (n = 35) from a sample of city hotels (n = 15) were tested for saliva cotinine concentrations and completed questionnaires. (drugsandalcohol.ie)
Legislation for smoke-free workplaces and Smoking in the home: changing attitudes exposure than urine cotinine? (who.int)

OBJECTIVE: To examine the pattern of tobacco use and knowledge about tobacco-related diseases, as well as to identify popular types of electronic media, in pregnant women, in order to improve strategies for the prevention or cessation of smoking among such women. (who.int)
Educational programs that include information about the consequences of all forms of tobacco use, employing new and effective formats tailored to this particular population, should be developed, in order to promote smoking prevention and cessation among pregnant women. (who.int)
Many cases of COPD are preventable by avoidance or early cessation of smoking. (who.int)
Early recognition and treatment of small airway disease in people who smoke, combined with smoking cessation, may prevent progression of the disease. (health.am)
Smoking cessation in a hospital based practice - does it work? (ers-education.org)
How much does smoking cessation (SC) medications impacts on the income of the attendees of a smoking cessation clinic? (ers-education.org)
Implementing evidence-based health behaviour change in smoking cessation: what works? (ers-education.org)
Source: International Congress 2017 - Translating "evidence-based behaviour change" and "e-health" interventions into practice: what works in smoking cessation and smoking prevention? (ers-education.org)
Do healthcare professionals' smoking habits affect their interventions for smoking cessation in hospitalized patients? (ers-education.org)
Does short message service (SMS) increase adherence to smoking cessation clinic appointments and quitting smoking? (ers-education.org)
To reduce the risk of progression to oral cancer, smokeless tobacco use should be minimized, with cessation encouraged. (medscape.com)

5 https://www.who.int/fctc/en/ Assessed on 30 April 2019. (who.int)

None of the findings concerning the serious respiratory health effects of secondhand smoke in children were challenged. (ehso.com)
As part of its effort to address all types of indoor air pollution, in 1988, EPA's Indoor Air Division (now the Indoor Environments Division) requested that EPA's Office of Research and Development (ORD) undertake an assessment of the respiratory health effects of passive smoking. (ehso.com)
Heart disease, cancer, high blood pressure, respiratory diseases: these are just a few of the many health problems that smoking causes. (medic8.com)
Studies of the effects of passive smoking on lower respiratory illness (LRI) have relied on questionnaires to measure exposure. (unc.edu)
HIV has been identified as a risk factor for emphysema (damaged alveoli), expiratory airflow limitations, gas exchange abnormalities and respiratory symptoms. (aidsmap.com)
In children, ETS is associated with an increased risk of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs), such as bronchitis and pneumonia. (medscape.com)

The primary cause of COPD is tobacco smoke. (who.int)
The primary cause of COPD is exposure to tobacco smoke (either active smoking or second-hand smoke). (who.int)
COPD is not curable, but treatment can relieve symptoms, improve quality of life and reduce the risk of death. (who.int)
Smoking is by far the most important risk factor for the development of COPD. (mediservice.ch)
Passive smoking also increases the risk of developing COPD. (mediservice.ch)
In fact, recent studies show that half of COPD cases worldwide are caused by non-tobacco related risks, like air pollution, occupational exposure to fumes or gases, and passive smoke inhalation. (indiatimes.com)
1.Second-hand smoke: Being exposed to second-hand smoke also known as passive smoking can lead to COPD in adults. (indiatimes.com)
2.Chemical and fume exposure: Occupational exposure to dust, gas, and fumes is strongly linked to the risk of developing COPD. (indiatimes.com)
The leading cause of COPD is smoking, which can lead to the two most common forms of this disease, emphysema and chronic bronchitis. (health.am)
The COPD patient must stop smoking. (health.am)
Avoidance of smoking prevents COPD. (health.am)

Evidence shows persistent disparities in secondhand smoke exposure by ethnicity, education, and income level. (tobaccoatlas.org)

Since EPA's 1993 report which estimated the risks posed by ETS, numerous independent health studies have presented an impressive accumulating body of evidence that confirms and strengthens the EPA findings. (ehso.com)
It is widely accepted in the scientific and public health communities that secondhand smoke poses significant health risks to children and adults. (ehso.com)
In recent years, comparative risk studies performed by EPA and its Science Advisory Board have consistently ranked indoor air pollution among the top five environmental risks to public health. (ehso.com)
Organizations such as the American Heart Association , the American Lung Association and the American Cancer Society estimate that direct smoking kills about 400,000 people per year in the United States--or, if you use the World Health Organization's estimate, about 3 million people per year worldwide. (sourcewatch.org)
In its place, they set out to build a scientific case against the mounting body of evidence showing that nonsmokers also suffer adverse health effects from secondhand smoke inhaled in bars, restaurants and other public places. (sourcewatch.org)
Other consultants were writing books, one on environmental tobacco smoke and health, another "exposing the vagaries of medical truisms, including those relating to tobacco" as "a clever and entertaining way of suggesting that medical 'certainties' are frequently without genuine scientific basis. (sourcewatch.org)
Smoking is not only bad for human health, it can harm that of pets, too. (dailymail.co.uk)
Some people may not realise that smoking around their pets will affect the health of their animals. (dailymail.co.uk)
It remains in the air for hours after smoked tobacco has been extinguished and can cause or contribute to various adverse health effects in adults and children, even if exposed for a short time. (tobaccoatlas.org)
The World Health Organization (WHO) Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic 2021 (RGTE) presents smoke-free legislation information for 195 countries and as of 2020, 1.8 billion people in 67 countries are covered by complete smoke-free indoor public places, workplaces, and public transport. (tobaccoatlas.org)
Find out about the risks to your health and read our tips for saying 'no' to smokes. (health.gov.au)
Learn more about how smoking affects your health . (health.gov.au)
Smoking has been shown to affect mental health and thinking processes - reducing students' ability to learn and perform. (health.gov.au)
It provides helpful tips and distractions to overcome cravings, tracking systems to chart your progress and the facts to help you understand the impact smoking has on your health. (health.gov.au)
New evidence showing that secondhand smoke in outdoor areas also presents health risks (3) has elevated efforts to control tobacco use in outdoor spaces and recreational areas to protect people from exposure to secondhand smoke. (cdc.gov)
Finally, the likelihood of local policy adoption of smoking-related laws is higher when the local health community promotes the efforts (17). (cdc.gov)
The list of health problems associated with smoking was already long and detailed enough to make your skin crawl. (wn.com)
Government plans for a partial ban on smoking in public places in England would widen health inequalities, a report by MPs is expected to warn. (wn.com)
NEW DELHI: Differences between Ministries of Health and Information & Broadcasting have forced the Centre to defer its decision to implement the onscreen smoking ban from. (wn.com)
The common assumption that water pipe smoking is less dangerous to health is not substantiated by scientific data. (who.int)
The Task Group reviewed and revised the second draft of the criteria document and made an evaluation of the health risks from exposure to carbon monoxide. (inchem.org)
[ 13 ] Though counseling about the risks of passive smoking has now become commonplace, other findings about the effect of the environment on child health have not been incorporated as widely into practice. (medscape.com)
Flight attendants, in particular, lobbied strenuously for the ban, citing the ``passivesmoking'' health risks they run on long flights in a confined space. (csmonitor.com)
Smoking is a significant health risk - but the evidence that passive smoking is a significant danger is limited and contradictory. (spiked-online.com)
Health campaigners suggest that passive smoking causes around 1,000 deaths in the UK each year, although some alarmist studies put the figure much higher. (spiked-online.com)
Individual women, health care providers, advocacy organizations, and many other stakeholders are all eager to know what concrete steps can be taken to reduce the risk of breast cancer for an individual or the population, and when during the life course those actions might be most effective. (nationalacademies.org)
Reducing exposures to potentially carcinogenic substances in drinking water from groundwater sources seems to be a logical, health-protective action, even if the actual or perceived risk from the contaminants is small. (nationalacademies.org)
After years of intense publicity about the damages of smoking, it is generally believed that every teenager and adult in the U.S. knows that smoking is dangerous to health, thus decisions to smoke are informed choices. (sagepub.com)
Koop's "rather sweeping statements" on the subject in the preface to his 1986 report The Health Consequences of Involuntary Smoking , she notes, "gave way in the subsequent 300 pages to much more hedged and nuanced interpretations of scientific studies. (reason.com)
Although Milov leaves readers with the impression that the uncertainty was subsequently eliminated, Grier shows that the scientific case against secondhand smoke has never been as strong as activists and public health officials claimed. (reason.com)
But with all the negative health effects associated with smoking, it's only natural to wonder if using e-cigarettes is better than smoking for teens. (cspas.ca)
On the other hand, vaping does not carry the same health risks as smoking cigarettes. (cspas.ca)
It is understandable why many believe that vaping has benefits over smoking cigarettes - it reduces your risk of health problems caused by regular cigarettes, can save you money, and can reduce the risk of addiction for teens if used appropriately. (cspas.ca)
The Surgeon General of the U.S. Public Health Service issues a report stating that cigarette smoking is an important health hazard in the United States. (lcfamerica.org)
View this special news report that aired on the day the Surgeon General's Report on Smoking and Health was released to the public in 1964. (lcfamerica.org)
Public Health--National impact of tobacco smoking on individuals' cost of smoking in Singapore ranged from University of Singapore, health. (who.int)
Tobacco control activities should be tailored to local needs, with a focus on increasing awareness about the health hazards of passive smoking. (who.int)
The paper summarizes the main findings on The most commonly used sampling second phase, in July 2009, was to fur- the public's awareness of and support frames were household registry records ther prevent smoking inside all public for the new smoke-free legislation and of the MoH, which are updated an- places, including inside all restaurants, demonstrates application of the LQT nually by local health officials. (who.int)

However, lowering LDL levels is a common clinical practice to reduce oxidation and the risk of major events in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). (hindawi.com)
The risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases is also increased. (mediservice.ch)
Research in 2015 notes that losing 10% of your weight will significantly reduce your risk of cardiovascular disease. (healthline.com)
Both outdoor and indoor air pollution is an important risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases. (indiatimes.com)

Most children with asthma have allergic rhinitis, a major independent risk factor for asthma. (cdc.gov)
Studies of exposure to allergens and risk of asthma have yielded paradoxical results. (cdc.gov)
Exposure to some pets appears to increase the risk of asthma and wheezing in older children, yet lower the risk among young children [Apelberg et al. (cdc.gov)
Atopic conditions like hay fever, atopic dermatitis, allergic conjunctivitis belong to a class of allergic hypersensitivity that may even affect those organs that otherwise do not come in contact with allergens and becomes a risk factor for asthma development. (ayurvediccure.com)
Children with asthmatic parents are at 3 to 6 fold higher risk of developing asthma attacks. (ayurvediccure.com)
Finally, ETS is a risk factor for the development of asthma in children. (medscape.com)

Passive smoking is linked to a significantly increased risk of miscarriage, stillbirth and ectopic pregnancy, finds a large observational study, published online in Tobacco Control . (science20.com)
It is well known that smoking during pregnancy significantly increases the risks of miscarriage and birth complications. (science20.com)
But with vaping, there is no smoke involved and the risk of passive exposure is significantly eliminated. (cspas.ca)

The risk appears to be cumulative, with risk heightened in parallel with the length of time exposed to second hand smoke, the findings indicate. (science20.com)
What is less clear is whether passive smoking exerts similar effects, and if there are particularly critical periods of exposure to second hand smoke. (science20.com)
Also known as 'second hand smoke', there are dangers from breathing is someone else's smoke. (medic8.com)
Even if you're not smoking, being around your mates when they are smoking means you breathe in second-hand smoke. (health.gov.au)
The smoke is still in the house and when the pet comes back inside, he is still in danger of second hand smoke. (pictures-of-cats.org)
The ban on public smoking is justified as a measure to protect workers from second-hand smoke. (spiked-online.com)

identifying more cancer risks - such as radon and asbestos. (lcfamerica.org)

In essence: smoking damages your throat so if you are a smoker then think about giving up. (medic8.com)
Secondhand smoke (SHS) includes the smoke from the burning end of a cigarette or other smoked tobacco products such as pipes, cigars, etc., and the smoke exhaled by the smoker. (tobaccoatlas.org)
A retrospective cohort study in Baghdad, Iraq was conducted during February to August 2004 on a random sample of 300 non-smoker housewife mothers, interviewed 24 hours after delivery: 150 were not exposed to passive smoking at home and 150 were exposed. (who.int)
This is a real life story about a dog, which supports an argument that I put forward some years ago that cats and dogs are at risk of developing cancer through passive smoking if their owner is a heavy smoker. (pictures-of-cats.org)
an interesting but sad story, which I would consider to be fairly solid, first-hand evidence of an incidence of a companion animal dying of cancer through passive smoking as a result of her owner being a long-term, heavy smoker inside the home. (pictures-of-cats.org)

Tobacco smoke contains numerous chemicals some of which are known carcinogens that irritate the throat. (medic8.com)
If you inhale another person's smoke then you too are at risk of chemicals and toxins within that smoke which also increases your risk of throat cancer. (medic8.com)
Tobacco smoke contains harmful chemicals - breathing in even small amounts can damage your body. (health.gov.au)

4.Indoor air pollution: Chulhas and biogas are still widely used in different parts of the country and in poorly ventilated homes exposure to this smoke has proved to have detrimental damage to the lungs. (indiatimes.com)
An x-ray showed that Clover had dark shadows on her lungs indicating that smoking had caused her death. (pictures-of-cats.org)

Tobacco smoking has long been recognized as a major cause of death and disease, responsible for an estimated 434,000 deaths per year in the United States. (ehso.com)

If there is a risk from breathing other people's smoke, it is small. (spiked-online.com)

Despite its reported benefits, bed sharing has also been linked to an increased risk of the sudden infant death syndrome. (bmj.com)
8 A study of 92 cases and 100 controls in the District of Columbia found a threefold excess rate over the general population for bed sharing and the risk of the sudden infant death syndrome. (bmj.com)
9 A survey of Asian and white mothers by Faroqui et al did not support the hypothesis that bed sharing increased the risk of the sudden infant death syndrome. (bmj.com)

Will reducing or eliminating exposure in adulthood reduce a risk that has accrued from exposure at younger ages? (nationalacademies.org)

It is also referred to as passive smoking, environmental tobacco smoke, and tobacco smoke pollution. (tobaccoatlas.org)
Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke provides an excellent example. (medscape.com)
Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), or secondhand smoke, is increasingly recognized as the direct cause of lung disease in adults and children. (medscape.com)

Furthermore, prohibiting smoking in parks, on beaches, and in other outdoor recreation areas reduces tobacco litter (ie, cigarette butts) and its resulting toxins, which can be harmful (4), and discourages adults from modeling smoking, which may influence youth (5). (cdc.gov)
This important book reveals why the young start smoking and why, as adults, they regret having started. (sagepub.com)
This book presents a counter-view, based on a survey of several thousand young persons and adults, probing attitudes, beliefs, feelings, and perceptions of risk associated with smoking. (sagepub.com)
Grier argues, for example, that state and local governments should allow smoking among consenting adults in certain contexts, such as bars and restaurants that want to offer the option. (reason.com)
risk in relation to active cigarette smoking and young adults in Ukraine: a cross-sectional household exposure to secondhand cigarette study. (who.int)

The CDC typically uses BMI to measure a person's risk of obesity. (healthline.com)
Metabolomics may identify biological pathways predisposing children to the risk of overweight and obesity. (nature.com)
The metabolites identified here may assist in the identification of children at risk of developing obesity and improve understanding of mechanisms involved in postnatal growth. (nature.com)

The Fertility Risk Factor Study retrospectively examined agricultur al and residential exposures and the risk of female infertility. (cdc.gov)
However, the scientific community still has only limited understanding of which exposures might best be avoided and when, and which actions might have a long-term positive benefit in reducing risk for breast cancer. (nationalacademies.org)
Objective: To investigate whether the Irish smoking ban has had an impact on secondhand smoke (SHS) exposures for hospitality workers. (drugsandalcohol.ie)

Since 2000, local jurisdictions in California have enacted hundreds of policies and ordinances in an effort to protect their citizens from the harmful effects of secondhand smoke. (cdc.gov)

It is caused by long-term exposure to irritating gases or particulate matter, most often from tobacco smoking (active or passive). (aidsmap.com)
Half of the patients (50.3%) were exposed daily to vapors, dust, gases, or fumes and 58 (34.3%) were exposed to biomass smoke. (who.int)

Effect of smoking regulations in local restaurants environment: a pilot study: evaluating the Al-Delaimy WK (2002). (who.int)
approach was undertaken to estimate the smoking- was dated 2002. (who.int)

In efforts to pinpoint the reason, researchers have now found evidence of a potent tobacco-specific carcinogen in nonsmokers exposed to smoke at home. (sciencenews.org)
2nd hand smoke, or passive smoking, is formally declared a carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. (lcfamerica.org)

So, Kristin E. Anderson and her colleagues at the University of Minnesota's Comprehensive Cancer Center in Minneapolis focused on a nitrosamine known as NNK, which scientists believe plays a major role in smoking-induced lung cancers. (sciencenews.org)
Philip Morris would not retreat from its decades-long denial that direct smoking causes cancer until the year 1999. (sourcewatch.org)
Another hired expert had published a scientific paper showing that keeping pet birds was a bigger cancer risk than secondhand smoke. (sourcewatch.org)
Cats and dogs whose owners smoke are twice as likely to develop some types of cancer as those whose owners do not. (dailymail.co.uk)
But one of the biggest problems with smoking is cancer. (medic8.com)
Struggling with chance - A 1 in 14 million chance to win the lottery, a 5% risk of cancer, a 50:50 chance of heads on a coin - we deal with probabilities all the time, but do they actually mean anything? (maths.org)
T he committee was asked to consider the potential for evidence-based actions to reduce the risk of breast cancer. (nationalacademies.org)
Even when research strongly supports classifying an exposure as a risk factor for breast cancer, that research does not necessarily provide the information needed to determine the appropriate response to reduce risk. (nationalacademies.org)
Will changing one type of exposure lead to another that carries new and possibly as yet unrecognized risks for breast cancer, other diseases, or perhaps some other adverse economic or environmental outcome? (nationalacademies.org)
Finding ways to reduce risk and avert cases of breast cancer is a high priority for everyone concerned about this disease. (nationalacademies.org)
A typical action to reduce the potential cancer risk from using the contaminated ground water is to switch the consumer to an alternative source of potable water, such as a public water supply system. (nationalacademies.org)
In addition to oral lesions, smokeless tobacco users are at increased risk for stomach and pancreatic cancers, although the data regarding the risks for pancreatic cancer are mixed, with some studies showing a statistical association. (medscape.com)

Research also shows that the risks for CHD from passive smoking are essentially indistinguishable from active smoking. (tobaccoatlas.org)

ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess the relationship between birth weight and maternal exposure to passive smoking during pregnancy, and to investigate some other determinants of birth weight. (who.int)

This includes aged smoke that lingers after smoking ceases. (nationalacademies.org)
Smoking creates smoke that lingers in the air and can be inhaled by anyone nearby, often causing harm to people who don't even smoke. (cspas.ca)

Continuous exposure to passive smoking at childhood can increase the risk of heart attacks or strokes later in life, a new study says. (ibtimes.co.in)
In these cases, cholesterol levels usually start being elevated in childhood, increasing the risk of developing heart disease even earlier. (healthline.com)

Once the public realized that cigarettes were also killing nonsmokers, anti-tobacco activists would press forward with increasing success in their campaigns to ban smoking in public places. (sourcewatch.org)
Even worse than being restricted in public was the expectation that nonsmokers had to accommodate smoking guests in their own homes. (reason.com)

Research undertaken at the centre looks to investigate the effects of exposure before birth, smoking uptake and addiction in adolescence, methods of stopping smoking, and approaches to reduce the harm caused by addiction to tobacco. (nottingham.ac.uk)

Typically, people with lower educational attainment are less knowledgeable about SHS exposure risks. (tobaccoatlas.org)
Smoke-free laws apply to everyone, including young people, but they can differ by state or territory. (health.gov.au)
Smoking rates for young people are higher where parents or older siblings smoke. (health.gov.au)
Research shows, however, that even with parents who smoke, young people are less likely to smoke if their parents disapprove. (health.gov.au)
I don't know how many people are concerned about the effect passive smoking has on their companion animal. (pictures-of-cats.org)
Sadly though, I know many people who smoke inside with no regard for their children's safety, much less their pet's safety. (pictures-of-cats.org)
The house constantly smells like stale smoke, even if the people are not currently smoking. (pictures-of-cats.org)
Even if we were to take these figures at face value, a quick back-of-a-fag-packet calculation suggests that one in 60,000 people die each year because of passive smoking. (spiked-online.com)
This book includes the most objective, thorough and authoritative research to date on the critical question about whether young people fully understand the consequences of their decision to smoke at the time they start and whether they are able to make rational decisions about this vitally important decision. (sagepub.com)
3. What Do Young People Think They Know About the Risks of Smoking? (sagepub.com)
Clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) is a term that describes an event similar to a typical MS relapse in a person not previously diagnosed with MS. People who experience a CIS are at higher risk of developing MS, but not all go on to have MS. (va.gov)
After controlling for smoking status, people with better knowledge about passive smoking were over 5 times more likely to support the new law. (who.int)

As per research, traffic-related air pollution may increase the risk of developing heart diseases due to its effects on the good high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Exposure to toxic air for prolonged periods can also affect the vascular system. (indiatimes.com)

Nonoxidized LDL have a low affinity for macrophages, so they are not themselves a risk factor. (hindawi.com)
A key concept to remember when evaluating a particular risk associated with a particular factor is that an action that is aimed at eliminating the specific risk of concern may result in a substitution of one risk for another, or perhaps shifting risk from one group to another. (nationalacademies.org)
In diseases for which ETS has a known causal link or is a known risk factor, a population-attributable risk factor can be calculated. (medscape.com)

For all these reasons, securing outdoor smoke-free policy has become a recommended strategy by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for states and local jurisdictions (8), and California's tobacco control program likewise supports community policies to restrict outdoor area smoking (9). (cdc.gov)

Many of them are in their early teens and one out of every three children who begin to smoke will die prematurely because of their use of tobacco. (sagepub.com)
In 2-week-old children of mothers who smoke, increased lung compliance has been observed. (medscape.com)
Background: Given the increased risk of malnutrition in children with cleft lip and/or palate (CLP), determining their nutritional status is critical for preventing adverse surgical risks. (bvsalud.org)

Can exposure to passive smoke increase the risk of COVID infection? (centrichealthcare.org)
The use of tobacco may increase the risk of developing symptoms of serious nature as a result of COVID-19. (centrichealthcare.org)
Suffering from the common sleep disorder sleep apnea, can increase the risk of pneumonia, according to a new study from Taiwan. (ibtimes.co.in)

While the danger to humans of passive smoking is now well known, many pet owners do not realise the danger to their four legged friends, according to Val Mills, team leader of Buckinghamshire SmokeFree Support Service. (dailymail.co.uk)

The dangers of smoking have been well documented. (medic8.com)
In the past 2 decades, a growing body of scientific evidence has demonstrated the dangers of secondhand smoke (1,2). (cdc.gov)
I also know that genuinely good cat guardians are very aware of the dangers of passive smoking affecting their cat and take precautionary measures but perhaps they just stop. (pictures-of-cats.org)

Anatomy46

Organisms18

Diseases15

Chemicals and Drugs40

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment49

Psychiatry and Psychology13

Phenomena and Processes82

Disciplines and Occupations6

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture4

Humanities1

Information Science4

Health Care17

Smokers29

Lung cancer16

Factors30

Cigarette smoke4

Pulmonary3

Conclusions2

Cigarettes smoked2

Bans9

Sidestream smoke6

Prevalence7

Nicotine12

Infants7

Cotinine3

Cessation11

20191

Respiratory6

COPD11

Secondhand smoke exposure1

Health38

Cardiovascular4

Asthma6

Significantly3

Second-hand6

Asbestos1

Smoker5

Chemicals3

Lungs2

Deaths1

People's1

Sudden infant d3

Adulthood1

Environmental tobac3

Adults5

Obesity3

Exposures3

Effects of secondhand smoke1

Gases2

20022

Carcinogen2

Cancer12

Active1

Pregnancy1

Lingers2

Childhood2

Nonsmokers2

Methods1

People12

Pollution1

Factor3

Prevention1

Children3

Increase the risk3

Humans1

Dangers3