AromaticDioxygenaseCatalyze the cleavagePathwaySubstratesCatecholInhibitionDioxygenasesPurified to homogeneityOxidativeReactionHydrolysisStrainDegradation pathwaysCompoundsCleaveDerivativesAcidBacterialNADPHManganeseParticipatesResidueHydrolyticAntibioticsPenicillinsBoundOxidoreductasesTurnoverSubstrate specificityProteinsMoleculeCarbonFungiCatalyticNADHImmobilizationMolecularSolubleSynthesisMoleculesReactionsExtendDrugsAminoProteinClassBiphenylGeneStabilityWorking groupStructureActivityFoundProduceRepairProductPresent
Aromatic12
- The calcium sulfonate target substance is expected to be extensively metabolised (metabolism by cytochrome P450 enzymes, followed by omega- and beta-oxidation and cleavage of the aromatic ring and desulfonation) and to be eliminated mainly via the urine and also via the bile. (europa.eu)
- Laempe, D., Jahn, M. and Fuchs, G. 6-Hydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carbonyl-CoA dehydrogenase and 6-oxocyclohex-1-ene-1-carbonyl-CoA hydrolase, enzymes of the benzoyl-CoA pathway of anaerobic aromatic metabolism in the denitrifying bacterium Thauera aromatica . (enzyme-database.org)
- This enzyme has the previously undescribed ability to oxidise the monohydroxylated substrate salicylate (2-hydoxybenzoate) by a direct cleavage of the aromatic ring to 2-oxohepta-3,5-dienoate. (uni-stuttgart.de)
- They play a key role in the metabolism of organic compounds by increasing their reactivity or water solubility or bringing about cleavage of the aromatic ring. (biomedcentral.com)
- In the convergent mode, structurally diverse aromatic compounds are converted to one of a few aromatic ring cleavage substrates such as catechol, gent sate, protocatechuate and their derivatives [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Peripheral enzymes, particularly oxygenases and dehydrogenases, were found to transform structurally diverse substrates into one of these central intermediates by bringing about the hydroxylation of the aromatic nucleus (Fig. 2A ), and hence it is thought that bacteria have developed these enzymes to extend their substrate range [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- An aromatic compound ring cleavage enzyme of catechol 1,2-dioxygenase was detected but catechol 2,3-dioxygenase was not detected in 2C6-43 T . A fatty acid profile with anteiso-C 15: 0 , iso-C 15: 0 and C 16: 0 as the major components supported the affiliation of strain 2C6-43 T to the genus Georgenia. (elsevierpure.com)
- A group of compounds with three aromatic rings joined in linear arrangement. (lookformedical.com)
- Aromatic ring substitution with 2,3-dimethoxy-8,9-methylenedioxy or a 3-nitro group was found to exert beneficial effects on antiproliferative and Top1 inhibitory activities. (purdue.edu)
- The dimers, or bis(indenoisoquinolines), were decorated with the 2,3-dimethoxy-8,9-methylenedioxy aromatic ring substitution pattern on each monomer with the expectation of conferring high Top1 inhibitory activity. (purdue.edu)
- Contrary to expectation, the Top1 inhibitory activities of the new compounds were weaker than those for aromatic ring-unsubstituted analogues. (purdue.edu)
- Some of the enzymes which generate aromatic radicals that break down most prominent bacterial strains found were isolated and tax- the complex linkages present in lignin to compounds of lower onomically identified using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) se- molecular weight. (lu.se)
Dioxygenase11
- This enzyme is also called 2-aminosulfobenzene 2,3-dioxygenase. (wikipedia.org)
- The third enzyme in upper pathway is a 2,3-dihyroxybiphnyl dioxygenase involved in the ring meta-cleavage at the 1,2 position. (igem.org)
- A novel thermostable Mn(II)-dependent 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl 1,2-dioxygenase (BphC_JF8) catalyzing the meta-cleavage of the hydroxylated biphenyl ring was purified from the thermophilic biphenyl and naphthalene degrader, Bacillus sp. (muni.cz)
- Evidence that pcpA encodes 2,6-dichlorohydroquinone dioxygenase, the ring cleavage enzyme required for pentachlorophenol degradation in Sphingomonas chlorophenolica strain ATCC 39723. (ucdenver.edu)
- Here, an unusual ring-cleaving dioxygenase was identified in S. xenophaga BN6, which differed from all previously known extradiolic dioxygenases with respect to the size of the subunits and the structure of the holoenzyme. (uni-stuttgart.de)
- Another unusual ring-cleaving dioxygenase was discovered in the 6-aminonaphthalene-2-sulfonic acid-degrading bacterial strain Pseudaminobacter salicylatoxidans BN12. (uni-stuttgart.de)
- 2001). The ring-cleaving dioxygenase was purified to homogeneity and it was shown that the purified enzyme converted not only salicylate but also various substituted salicylates (e.g. 3-, 4- or 5-chloro or methyl salicylate). (uni-stuttgart.de)
- In this divergent mode, a metal-dependent dioxygenase channels these dihydroxylated intermediates into one of the two possible pathways: the meta -cleavage pathway or the ortho -cleavage pathway [ 7 - 9 ] (Fig. 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
- The enzyme protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase (3,4-PCD) catalyzes the ring cleavage of protocatechuate (PCA) in Acinetobacter baylyi. (uni-ulm.de)
- The dfdA1A2A3A4 gene cluster coding for a ring hydroxylating dioxygenase was located on a plasmid, and the dfdBC gene cluster coding for a ring-cleavage dioxygenase and a following hydrolase respectively was located on the chromosome. (inrae.fr)
- A gene cluster ( pdcEDGFCBA ) was identified in a 10.6 kb DNA fragment of a fosmid library, which cluster encoded the following enzymes involved in PNP degradation: PNP 4-monooxygenase (PdcA), p -benzoquinone (BQ) reductase (PdcB), hydroxyquinol (BT) 1,2-dioxygenase (PdcC), maleylacetate (MA) reductase (PdcF), 4-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde (4-HS) dehydrogenase (PdcG), and hydroquinone (HQ) 1,2-dioxygenase (PdcDE). (biomedcentral.com)
Catalyze the cleavage3
- Enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of -lactam rings in penicillins, cephalosporins, monobactams, and car- bapenems were first described by Abraham and Chain in 1940. (cdc.gov)
- A class of enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of C-C, C-O, and C-N, and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation. (lookformedical.com)
- Enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of a carbon-carbon bond by means other than hydrolysis or oxidation. (lookformedical.com)
Pathway4
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa utilize 4 - chlorobezoic acid as sole source of carbon and energy, degrading it through ortho ring cleavage pathway. (researchbib.com)
- In the second step of the upper pathway BphB enzymes catalyzes the conversion of dihidrodiol to dihydroxy compound. (igem.org)
- The enzyme, which participates in the anaerobic benzoyl-CoA degradation pathway in certain organisms, catalyses the addition of one molecule of water to the double bound of 6-oxocyclohex-1-ene-1-carbonyl-CoA followed by the hydrolytic C-C cleavage of the alicyclic ring. (enzyme-database.org)
- Identification of the para-nitrophenol catabolic pathway, and characterization of three enzymes involved in the hydroquinone pathway, in pseudomonas sp. (biomedcentral.com)
Substrates4
- In enzymology, a questin monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.43) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction questin + NADPH + H+ + O2 ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } demethylsulochrin + NADP+ + H2O The 4 substrates of this enzyme are questin, NADPH, H+, and O2, whereas its 3 products are demethylsulochrin, NADP+, and H2O. (wikipedia.org)
- The metal ligands and active site residues of extradiol dioxygenases are conserved although several amino acid residues found exclusively in enzymes which preferentially cleave bicyclic substrates are missing in BphC_JF8. (muni.cz)
- Oxygenases belong to the oxidoreductive group of enzymes (E.C. Class 1), which oxidize the substrates by transferring oxygen from molecular oxygen (O 2 ) and utilize FAD/NADH/NADPH as the co-substrate. (biomedcentral.com)
- Likewise, graduate students who receive their training in medicinal chemistry not only learn the art of organic synthesis as applied to rational design and synthesis of enzyme substrates and inhibitors (or receptor agonists and antagonists) for structure-activity relationship (SAR) analyses, but also gain an appreciation for biochemical screening and drug metabolism through their graduate coursework and potentially hands-on experience in the laboratory. (aspetjournals.org)
Catechol1
- They synthesized catechol 1, 2 - dioxygense enzyme which is unique its properties to transform catechol to cis, cis - muconic acid. (researchbib.com)
Inhibition5
- The enzyme is resistant to denaturation by various chelators and inhibitors (EDTA, 1,10-phenanthroline, H2O2, 3-chlorocatechol) and did not exhibit substrate inhibition even at 3 mM 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl. (muni.cz)
- The enzymes were extensively characterized for activity, specificity, and inhibition using a UV spectrophotometric assay. (rhea-db.org)
- Substitution on position 2 (2-hydroxylation) and substitution on position 5 (5-deoxygenation) increase bacterial inactivating enzyme system inhibition. (pharmacygyan.com)
- LCA, GLCA, and TLCA sulfonation is catalyzed by human liver cytosol, and SULT2A1 followed the substrate inhibition model with comparable apparent K m values (≤1 µ M). Each of the SERMs inhibited LCA, GLCA, and TLCA sulfonation with varying potency and mode of enzyme inhibition. (aspetjournals.org)
- ALA treatment resulted in suppression of angiogenesis in both tube formation and aortic ring assays and inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression and activation in both HuH7 and A549 cells. (usda.gov)
Dioxygenases3
- 2022). Intradiol ring cleavage dioxygenases from herbivorous spider mites as a new detoxification enzyme family in animals. (superpests.eu)
- In previous studies, we genetically and biochemically characterised three different ring-cleaving extradiolic dioxygenases from S. xenophaga BN6 and were able to demonstrate ring cleavage for a monohydroxylated aminosalicylate for the first time (Kuhm et al. (uni-stuttgart.de)
- In the course of these mutagenesis experiments, a change in the ring cleavage direction of extradiolic dioxygenases was demonstrated for the first time and the classical proximal ring cleavage of alkylpyrocatechins was modified to a distal ring cleavage mechanism (Riegert et al. (uni-stuttgart.de)
Purified to homogeneity1
- The native and recombinant BphC enzyme was purified to homogeneity. (muni.cz)
Oxidative1
- IDO1 is an intracellular heme-containing enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative cleavage of the indole ring of several important regulatory molecules like tryptophan, serotonin, and melatonin. (thermofisher.com)
Reaction3
- We also solved the structure of the enzyme bound to the reaction products, nicotinamide and ADP ribose, and the non-hydrolysable substrate analogue benzamide adenine dinucleotide (BAD). (nature.com)
- Each enzyme entry contains its common name and synonym, reaction in which enzyme is involved, family and subfamily, structure and gene link and literature citation. (biomedcentral.com)
- In June 2022, we were first to report cellularly active organocatalysts - OGG1 organocatalytic switches assist the enzyme in reaction turnover and diversification of substrate and product scope. (ki.se)
Hydrolysis1
- However, this interpretation ignores enzymes with complex biochemistry, where substrate hydrolysis is achieved by consecutive steps of replacement and cleavage. (ki.se)
Strain3
- Enzymes assembled from related degradation pathways into our host strain serve as the function part. (igem.org)
- The targeted replacement of this tryptophan residue in the P34O-I of strain S2 with a valine residue allowed the mutant form of the enzyme to turnover 4-sulfocatechol. (uni-stuttgart.de)
- These two gene clusters also conferred the activity of each enzyme to a host strain. (inrae.fr)
Degradation pathways2
- Further, the centralized degradation pathways mean synthesis of fewer degradative enzymes requiring less metabolic energy. (biomedcentral.com)
- However, the information relating to the PNP degradation pathways and their enzymes remain limited. (biomedcentral.com)
Compounds4
- The aerobes attack PCBs oxidatively , breaking open the carbon ring and destroying the compounds. (igem.org)
- This provided the first molecular biological evidence for the basis of the adaptation of enzymes to the turnover of sulphonated compounds foreign to nature (Contzen et al. (uni-stuttgart.de)
- Soil fungi were evaluated regarding their ability to degrade lignin-related compounds by producing the ligninolytic enzymes. (scielo.br)
- Compounds with a 5-membered ring of four carbons and an oxygen. (lookformedical.com)
Cleave1
- The A. fumigatus and N. crassa enzymes cleave NAD + and NADP + but not their reduced counterparts, NADH and NADPH. (nature.com)
Derivatives1
- For instance, certain DNA repair enzymes can reverse N-alkylation harm to DNA via a two-step mechanism, which requires an enzymatic oxidation of N-alkylated nucleobases (N3-alkylcytosine, N1-alkyladenine) to corresponding N-(1-hydroxyalkyl) derivatives (Fig. 4D). (icbinhibitor.com)
Acid5
- In the forth step BphD, a hydrolase, hydrolyzes the ring meta-cleavage yellow compound(HOPDA) to chlorobenzoic acid and 2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate. (igem.org)
- Although the enzyme binds its sugar substrate in a similar orientation to the structurally related 1,6-anhydro-N-acetylmuramic acid kinase (AnmK), it forms markedly fewer bonding interactions with the substrate. (rcsb.org)
- Dehydrogenation of phenanthrene-cis-9,10-dihydrodiol to produce the corresponding diol, followed by ortho-cleavage of the oxygenated ring, produced 2,2'-diphenic acid. (afpm.org.my)
- 2. Almost all tissues contain enzymes capable of breaking nucleoprotein down to nucleoside which can be oxidized to uric acid. (hotelsunshine.co.in)
- We have previously shown that apo-10'-lycopenoic acid, a derivative of lycopene through cleavage by carotenoid cleavage enzyme, inhibits tumor progression and metastasis in both liver and lung cancer animal models. (usda.gov)
Bacterial4
- Various bacterial pathogens release NADase enzymes into the host cell that deplete the host's NAD + pool, thereby causing rapid cell death. (nature.com)
- The C-6 and C-2 positions are targeted by bacterial inactivating enzymes, and the substitution of a methyl group at C-6 increases enzyme resistance. (pharmacygyan.com)
- Antibiotics with a β-lactam core target bacterial transpeptidases-enzymes necessary for cell-wall synthesis-and they block the formation of cross-bridges between adjacent peptidoglycan chains, leading to bacterial death. (lightsources.org)
- In β-lactam antibiotics, this resistance is driven primarily by bacterial enzymes called b-lactamases. (lightsources.org)
NADPH1
- The systematic name of this enzyme class is questin,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (hydroxylating, anthraquinone-ring-opening). (wikipedia.org)
Manganese1
- ICP-MS analysis confirmed the presence of 4.0 to 4.8 manganese atoms per enzyme molecule. (muni.cz)
Participates1
- This enzyme participates in benzoate degradation via hydroxylation. (wikipedia.org)
Residue1
- MSc Medical Biochemistry, Ph.D,. Next two steps are deamination and pentose residue cleavage (nucleosidation) â different order in adenine and guanosine degradation. (hotelsunshine.co.in)
Hydrolytic1
- These intermediates then undergo spontaneous hydrolytic release of an aldehyde in the ring NSC781406 nitrogen to straight create the original unmodified base. (icbinhibitor.com)
Antibiotics1
- These enzymes confer resistance to -lactam antibiotics on bacteria that produce them. (cdc.gov)
Penicillins1
- Examples of these drugs, which contain a β-lactam ring in their structure, include naturally occurring penicillins, and synthetic cephalosporins, monobactams, and carbapenems. (lightsources.org)
Bound2
- Researchers have now revealed the crystal structure, binding, and cleavage of moxalactam antibiotic bound to L1 metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) from the emerging pathogen Stenotrophomonas maltophilia using the U.S. Department of Energy's Advanced Photon Source (APS). (lightsources.org)
- The rationale for this substitution and the design process were aided by the X-ray crystal structures of an indenoisoquinoline and an indolocarbazole glycoside bound separately to the Top1-DNA cleavage complex. (purdue.edu)
Oxidoreductases1
- This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on paired donors, with O2 as oxidant and incorporation or reduction of oxygen. (wikipedia.org)
Turnover1
- Here, we are making great strides in reducing the necessary molecularity, dramatically increasing enzyme turnover. (ki.se)
Substrate specificity2
- This movement partially blocks access of the NAD substrate to the flavin adenine dinucleotide cofactor and changes the electrostatic environment of the active site, reflecting the switch of substrate specificity observed for the two forms of this enzyme. (rcsb.org)
- A 3-D homology model of BphC_JF8 provided a basis for understanding the substrate specificity, quaternary structure and stability of the enzyme. (muni.cz)
Proteins5
- In fact, endopeptidases are a class of protease belonging to a vast family of enzymes that breaks down proteins in ingested foods. (herbs2000.com)
- Enzymes are basically proteins which help reactions to occur faster than normal. (herbs2000.com)
- Such proteins include various enzymes like chymotrypsin, pepsin and trypsin. (herbs2000.com)
- Hormetic pathways activated by phytochemicals may involve kinases and transcription factors that induce the expression of genes that encode antioxidant enzymes, protein chaperones, phase-2 enzymes, neurotrophic factors and other cytoprotective proteins. (psychosocialsomatic.com)
- In these ways, neurohormetic phytochemicals such as resveratrol, sulforaphanes and curcumin might protect neurons against injury and disease by stimulating the production of antioxidant enzymes, neurotrophic factors, protein chaperones and other proteins that help cells to withstand stress. (psychosocialsomatic.com)
Molecule2
Carbon2
- The "" refers to the nitrogen's position on the second carbon in the ring. (cdc.gov)
- Scendesmus obliques is able to utilize naphthalene sulphonic acids as a sulfur source for their biomass with releasing the carbon ring into the medium. (omicsonline.org)
Fungi2
- Given the widespread occurrence of NADases and their prominent role in microbial infection mechanisms we wondered whether pathogenic fungi may also produce similar enzymes. (nature.com)
- In this work, we identify NADases on the surface of fungi and show that these enzymes are predominately found in pathogenic species. (nature.com)
Catalytic2
- Greater knowledge of the factors that contribute to the catalytic efficiency of LGK can be used to improve applications of this enzyme for levoglucosan-derived biofuel production. (rcsb.org)
- Further, the formation of this functionality temporally removes OGG1 enzyme copies from the catalytic cycle. (ki.se)
NADH1
- The systematic name of this enzyme class is 2-aminobenzenesulfonate,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (2,3-hydroxylating, ammonia-forming). (wikipedia.org)
Immobilization2
- and Enzyme Immobilization. (123dok.com)
- The nanocomposite material was then employed as scaffold for immobilization of tyrosinase enzyme (Tyr). (afpm.org.my)
Molecular2
- The molecular weight of enzyme was 55 kDa estimated by agrose gel electrophoresis. (researchbib.com)
- The enzyme has a molecular mass of 125+-10 kDa and was composed of 4 identical subunits (35 kDa). (muni.cz)
Soluble1
- Úã5{$v]eÙs çx JXåcø*î+T>B²þT ÿÿ Í°h Other mammals have the enzyme urate oxidase and excrete the more soluble allantoin as the end product. (hotelsunshine.co.in)
Synthesis1
- The research in this thesis is focused on the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of indenoisoquinolines that inhibit the human topoisomerase IB enzyme (Top1). (purdue.edu)
Molecules1
Reactions2
- To acquire about the unfavorable nature from the direct cleavage of the bond, a cascade of coupled reactions can be made use of. (icbinhibitor.com)
- During their training, medicinal chemists are also taught to apply physical and mechanistic organic chemistry concepts (e.g., valence electrons, resonance effects, acidity, nucleophilicity, electrophilicity, etc.) to rationalize the biochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions, and even understand the chemical basis for conversion of a substrate into product. (aspetjournals.org)
Extend1
- It has been suggested, that the excised base 8-oxoG can to some extend initiate the cleavage of the Schiff-base by β-elimination. (ki.se)
Drugs1
- At present, there are only two FDA-approved cancer chemotherapeutic drugs that target this enzyme. (purdue.edu)
Amino2
- They are the amino sugar part and the hexose ring in the center, which can be 2-deoxystreptamine or streptidine. (pharmacygyan.com)
- A class of amino acids characterized by a closed ring structure. (lookformedical.com)
Protein1
- This competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-like method, used competitive binding of free hyaluronan in the sample and biotin-labeled standard hyaluronan to hyaluronan binding protein in solid phase. (go.jp)
Class1
- In fact, prolyl endopeptidase is major and large cytosolic enzyme belonging to a separate serine peptidase class. (herbs2000.com)
Biphenyl1
- Anaerobes, on the other hand, leave the biphenyl rings intact while removing the chlorines. (igem.org)
Gene1
- 1995). For this enzyme, we first determined basic biochemical parameters and cloned the corresponding gene. (uni-stuttgart.de)
Stability2
- The kinetic properties and thermal stability of the native and recombinant enzyme were identical. (muni.cz)
- The fundamental chemical challenge for direct removal on the 5-methyl group from the pyrimidine ring is actually a higher stability of your C5 H3 bond in water below physiological situations. (icbinhibitor.com)
Working group1
- 2004). The crystal structure of the enzyme was elucidated in a collaboration with the working group of Prof. F. Briganti (University of Florence) (Matera et al. (uni-stuttgart.de)
Structure1
- The structure of the dimeric A. fumigatus enzyme revealed the presence of a Ca 2+ binding site whose occupancy partially regulates enzymatic activity. (nature.com)
Activity2
- Moreover, the enzymes lack both ADP-ribosyl cyclase and base exchange activity. (nature.com)
- The activity is unaffected by cleavage of the 3-hydroxyl, 4-hydroxyl, or both groups. (pharmacygyan.com)
Found1
- In addition to cleavage of NAD + to Nam and ADP-ribose, NADases found in animals act as ADP-ribosylcyclases, generating cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR), a potent intracellular Ca 2+ mobilizing agent 7 . (nature.com)
Produce3
- We introduce popular components involved in chemotaxis, quorum-sensing to regulatory parts, sense the environment signal, respond to move, accelerate growing and produce related degradation enzymes. (igem.org)
- For example, Streptococcus pyogenes and Mycobacterium tuberculosis produce enzyme toxins that trigger necrotic cell death of host macrophages by rapid NAD + depletion. (nature.com)
- Cytosine can be deaminated to uracil, and the double bond of the uracil ring is reduced to produce dihydrouracil. (hotelsunshine.co.in)
Repair2
- The cleavage of this group is the rate determining step in base excision repair initiation mediated by OGG1. (ki.se)
- and (4) design and test dimeric indenoisoquinolines that could potentially inhibit both Top1 and DNA repair enzyme tyrosyl DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1). (purdue.edu)
Product1
- Man does not have this enzyme so urate is the end product for us. (hotelsunshine.co.in)
Present1
- The enzymes harbour a tuberculosis necrotizing toxin (TNT) domain and are predominately present in pathogenic species. (nature.com)