• The right bundle branch, a direct continuation of the penetrating bundle of His, originates distal to the attachment of the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve with the membranous septum and surfaces on the right ventricular septum just below the papillary muscle of the conus. (medscape.com)
  • Authorized by Federal law for use in patients under 19 years of age for correction or reconstruction of the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract (RVOT) in the following congenital heart malformations: Pulmonary Stenosis, Tetraogy of Fallot, Truncus Arteriosus, Transposition with Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD), Pulmonary Atresia. (medtronic.com)
  • Perimembranous ventricular septal defects (VSDs) are located in the left ventricle outflow tract beneath the aortic valve. (medscape.com)
  • When tissue forms on the right ventricular septal surface (often thought to be tricuspid valvular in origin), it is termed an aneurysm of the membranous septum. (medscape.com)
  • Ventricular septal defects (VSDs) occur when any portion of the ventricular septum does not correctly form or if any of components do not appropriately grow together. (medscape.com)
  • Independent of the type of ventricular septal defect (VSD), the hemodynamic significance of the VSD is determined by two factors: the size of the defect and the resistance to flow out of the right ventricle, including the pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and anatomic right ventricular outflow obstruction. (medscape.com)
  • Subacute bacterial endocarditis prophylaxis for unrepaired ventricular septal defects is not recommended. (medscape.com)
  • Residual or recurrent ventricular septal defect also occurs in patients with prior tetralogy of Fallot repair. (acponline.org)
  • A ventricular septal defect causes a loud systolic murmur that obliterates the S 2 and is often associated with a palpable thrill. (acponline.org)
  • A displaced apical left ventricular impulse and mitral diastolic flow rumble would suggest a hemodynamically important ventricular septal defect causing volume overload. (acponline.org)
  • Left ventricular anatomy in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: beyond basal septal hypertrophy. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The LV remodelling pattern in oHCM consisted not only of basal septal hypertrophy but a combination with LV lengthening, apical dilatation, and LVOT inward remodelling. (ox.ac.uk)
  • CONCLUSIONS: LV anatomy underpinning oHCM consists of basal septal hypertrophy, apical dilatation, LV lengthening, and LVOT inward remodelling. (ox.ac.uk)
  • By contrast, the papillary muscles of the RV are comparatively small, numerous, unbalanced, and arise from both ventricular septal and free walls. (nih.gov)
  • For patients with TGA, ventricular septal defect (VSD) and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction/pulmonary stenosis (PS), the Rastelli operation, REV procedure and modified Nikaidoh procedure have been developed, and these procedures were observed favorable with long-term result and survival rate 4 , 5) . (e-cep.org)
  • Tetralogy of Fallot Tetralogy of Fallot consists of 4 features: a large ventricular septal defect, right ventricular outflow tract obstruction and pulmonic valve stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, and over-riding. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Prenatal detection of membranous ventricular septal aneurysm requires clinical, morphological and functional evaluation, as the spectrum of a congenital ventricular out-pouching is vast and complex. (fortuneonline.org)
  • Congenital membranous ventricular septal aneurysm (VSA) is a rare cardiac malformation that counts for less than 0.3 % of all congenital heart diseases with an equal distribution between the sexes [1,2]. (fortuneonline.org)
  • Based on fetal echocardiography distinguishment of the different conditions causing a membranous ventricular septal protrusion is often challenging, in particular in the setting of various clinical presentations and prenatal imaging [3,5,6]. (fortuneonline.org)
  • We describe the first case of a prenatal detection of a congenital membranous VSA bulging from the left ventricle towards the right atrium, associated with a tricuspid atresia with concordant ventriculo-arterial connection and a ventricular septal defect. (fortuneonline.org)
  • Ventricular morphology was mainly defined by a dominant left ventricle (LV) and a rudimentary right ventricle (RV) with a large unrestrictive ventricular septal defect (VSD) (4.7 mm). (fortuneonline.org)
  • In cases of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM), the systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve apparatus results in an obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT), which is known as the SAM [systolic anterior motion] phenomenon. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Dynamic obstruction of the left-ventricular outflow tract is a rare condition. (biomedcentral.com)
  • AIMS: Obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (oHCM) is characterized by dynamic obstruction of the left ventricular (LV) outflow tract (LVOT). (ox.ac.uk)
  • In approximately 25% of patients there is a narrowing (obstruction) of the left ventricular outflow tract. (uni-saarland.de)
  • Outside cardiac ultrasound was interpreted to show right ventricular dilatation and dysfunction, and suggested a paravalvular pulmonic leak. (massgeneral.org)
  • These patients are also at risk of developing ventricular arrhythmias, which result primarily from dilatation and dysfunction of the right ventricle. (acponline.org)
  • Methods and Results We enrolled 24 patients with Marfan syndrome aged 8 to 19 years to participate in a 6-month physical activity intervention, excluding those with ventricular dysfunction or prior history of aortic surgery. (stanford.edu)
  • Surgical relief of the right outflow tract obstruction using a transannular patch (TAP) can lead to pulmonary regurgitation (PR), which may lead to progressive right ventricular (RV) dilatation and dysfunction with age. (thoracickey.com)
  • This may lead to dilatation (widening) of the right ventricle, dysfunction and aneurysm formation. (uni-saarland.de)
  • RV remodeling was defined RV dysfunction and/or dilatation. (authorea.com)
  • PR may contribute to development of right ventricular (RV) dilatation and eventually RV dysfunction-induced heart failure (HF), but in most cases, pulmonary hypertension contributes to this complication much more significantly. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Palpitation is the most frequent symptom and is caused by ventricular arrhythmias. (medscape.com)
  • Exercise can induce ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. (medscape.com)
  • This may lead to a dynamic compression of the left vessel wall during increased heart activity - myocardial ischemia may occur and trigger ventricular arrhythmias. (uni-saarland.de)
  • Aortic valve stenosis Supravalvar aortic stenosis Coarctation of the aorta Hypoplastic left heart syndrome Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy A ventricular outflow tract obstruction means there is a limitation in the blood flow out of either the right or left ventricles of the heart, depending on where the obstruction is. (wikipedia.org)
  • 11% of first degree relatives had a cardiovascular malformation and these included not only aortic valve problems but also dilatation of the ascending aorta, coarctation of the aorta and problems in the development of blood venous return from the lung. (childheartspecialist.com)
  • However, as congenital aneurysms of the membranous part of the ventricular septum have been reported to be associated with other cardiac anomalies, such as outflow tract obstructions, coarctation of the aorta, or even with chromosomal abnormalities or genetic syndromes, hemodynamic disturbance may occur in the postnatal period [9-12]. (fortuneonline.org)
  • This can lead to cardiac hypertrophy, dilatation of the heart, and ultimately heart failure in some cases. (wikipedia.org)
  • Electrocardiogram reveals left ventricular hypertrophy when an obstruction is severe. (grandkitesurfing.com)
  • Right ventricular hypertrophy can be seen if pulmonary arteries are narrowed. (grandkitesurfing.com)
  • In basic, there's an obstruction to ahead flow which will increase afterload, and if untreated, can result in hypertrophy, dilatation, and eventual failure of the left ventricle. (grandkitesurfing.com)
  • The clinical phenotype ranges from severe presentations at a young age to lack of left ventricular hypertrophy in genotype-positive individuals. (bsl.nl)
  • Left ventricular systolic function was preserved. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Large VSDs (defined as defect size equal to or greater than the diameter of the aortic annulus) typically have left heart dilatation and pulmonary artery hypertension with normal left ventricular systolic function. (medscape.com)
  • The tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) as an echocardiographic index to assess right ventricular (RV) systolic function has not been investigated thoroughly in pediatric patients and adolescents with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) after surgical repair. (thoracickey.com)
  • The Contegra ® Conduit offers a natural alternative for reconstruction or replacement of the natural right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT). (medtronic.com)
  • The Contegra ® Conduit is an integrated valved conduit for reconstruction or replacement of the natural right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) or replacement of a failed homograft or composite pulmonary conduit in patients. (medtronic.com)
  • The pulmonary annulus and the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) may be narrowed as well. (medscape.com)
  • This functional perspective is based on measuring forward flow, by LVOT velocity-time integral measurement, in the LVOT or right ventricle outflow tract (RVOT), which will allow us to measure variables related to perfusion (preload, afterload and contractility). (springeropen.com)
  • It penetrates the central fibrous body at the attachment of the tendon of Todaro, runs between the membranous septum and the muscular septum, and bifurcates at the crest of the muscular ventricular septum. (medscape.com)
  • Defects may extend into adjacent portions of the ventricular septum. (medscape.com)
  • Normal closure of the ventricular septum occurs through multiple concurrent embryologic mechanisms that help to close the septum's membranous portion: (1) downward growth of the conotruncal ridges forming the outlet septum, (2) growth of the endocardial cushions forming the inlet septum, and (3) growth of the muscular septum forming the apical and midmuscular portions of the septum. (medscape.com)
  • The ventricular septum is complete by 6 weeks' gestation. (medscape.com)
  • VSDs are typically classified according to the location of the defect in 1 of the 4 ventricular components: the inlet septum, trabecular septum, outlet/infundibular septum, or membranous septum. (medscape.com)
  • Morphologically it is characterized by an abnormal localized protrusion or "out-pouching" of the membranous part of the ventricular septum with or without a paradoxical systolic expansion that nearly always stays intracardiac [3,4]. (fortuneonline.org)
  • Depending on the disease severity, ventricular ectopics may be isolated or may result in nonsustained/sustained ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, and sudden cardiac death. (medscape.com)
  • Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction can occur at the valvular, subvalvular, or supravalvular level. (grandkitesurfing.com)
  • 9. Presence at screening of any hemodynamically significant valvular stenosis or regurgitation, except mitral or tricuspid regurgitation secondary to left ventricular dilatation, or the presence of any hemodynamically significant obstructive lesion of the left ventricular outflow tract. (who.int)
  • The pathology of CHD is characterized by plaque-like deposition of fibrous tissue on valvular cusps, leaflets, papillary muscles, chordae, and ventricular walls. (karger.com)
  • Pulmonic valvular stenosis (PVS) is a form of right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (RVOTO). (medscape.com)
  • We observed a severely impaired left ventricular function due to a combination of a thrombotic LVOT obstruction and distinctive mitral regurgitation in a 56-year-old Caucasian, female patient after massive transfusion with aggressive procoagulant therapy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This moves the mitral valve nearer to the LV outflow tract, worsening obstruction. (grandkitesurfing.com)
  • Additional congenital heart lesions (eg, muscular right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, pulmonary valve stenosis, pulmonary venous obstruction, persistent elevation of PVR, mitral stenosis) can restrict shunting, possibly leading to right-to-left shunting at the VSD, depending on the ultimate resistance balance between the systemic and the total right-sided resistances. (medscape.com)
  • The known common causes of left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction include hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM), dehydration, sepsis, cardiac surgical treatment after valve repair, and Takotsubo cardiomyopathy [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVD/ARVC) have a wide range of presentations, ranging from being asymptomatic to biventricular failure and/or sudden cardiac death. (medscape.com)
  • Congenital ion channel diseases (long QT or short QT syndromes, Brugada syndrome, catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia) are a group of rare cardiac arrhythmia syndromes caused by genetic changes in certain ion channels in the heart muscle. (uni-saarland.de)
  • The aim of this study was to test the feasibility of the assessment of right ventricular (RV) volumes and function using real-time three-dimensional (3D) transesophageal echocardiographic (TEE) imaging in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. (thoracickey.com)
  • Right ventricular (RV) dimensions and function are known to be of diagnostic and prognostic importance in patients with cardiac diseases, particularly in subjects undergoing cardiac surgery. (thoracickey.com)
  • Diagnosis of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy. (medscape.com)
  • Circumstances of death and gross and microscopic observations in a series of 200 cases of sudden death associated with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy and/or dysplasia. (medscape.com)
  • Saguner AM, Brunckhorst C, Duru F. Arrhythmogenic ventricular cardiomyopathy: a paradigm shift from right to biventricular disease. (medscape.com)
  • Prospective evaluation of relatives for familial arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia reveals a need to broaden diagnostic criteria. (medscape.com)
  • Clinical and genetic characterization of families with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy provides novel insights into patterns of disease expression. (medscape.com)
  • Spectrum of clinicopathologic manifestations of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia: a multicenter study. (medscape.com)
  • Penetrance of mutations in plakophilin-2 among families with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy. (medscape.com)
  • Even so, the dispute considering Brugada syndrome as an independent entity or forming part of the spectrum of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy is still controversial. (bvsalud.org)
  • A right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (RVOTO) may be due to a defect in the pulmonic valve, the supravalvar region, the infundibulum, or the pulmonary artery. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this condition, the anterior leaflet (cusp) moves towards the LVOT and obstructs the outflow tract. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The aim of this article is to show a simple algorithm based on left ventricle outflow tract (LVOT) velocity-time integral for differential diagnosis in hemodynamic shock proposed by the Spanish Critical Care Ultrasound Network Group. (springeropen.com)
  • This causes severe pulmonary valve regurgitation, which is confirmed by the presence of a diastolic murmur that increases with inspiration, a parasternal impulse (right ventricular enlargement), and elevated central venous pressure. (acponline.org)
  • Chapters are devoted to specific conditions and feature detailed descriptions of how to perform a variety of appropriate reparative surgical techniques involving complex anatomy, reoperative surgery, and unique techniques to this speciality, enabling the reader to develop a deep understanding of how to successfully resolve situations such as left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, anomalous pulmonary venous return, and anomalous origin of the coronary arteries. (nshealth.ca)
  • Single-sheath mechanical dilatation from left subclavian venous entry side in superior vena cava, right atrium (RA) and ventricle (RV) was really challenging. (peertechzpublications.com)
  • Physical examination was notable for a harsh right ventricular outflow tract conduit murmur and a short diastolic murmur consistent with pulmonic regurgitation. (massgeneral.org)
  • The murmur of aortic regurgitation does not vary with respiration and is best heard in the second left intercostal space and down the left sternal border and would not cause right ventricular enlargement with a parasternal impulse. (acponline.org)
  • Hence, dilatation of the LV does not pull the LV papillary muscles apart, whereas dilatation of the RV does pull the RV muscles apart, favoring the development or exacerbation of tricuspid regurgitation. (nih.gov)
  • Less invasive option to treat pulmonary valve regurgitation for patients with a native or surgically-repaired right ventricular outflow tract. (mpo-mag.com)
  • Late tricuspid regurgitation and right ventricular remodeling after tricuspid annulop. (authorea.com)
  • In more severe cases with left ventricular involvement, patients may present with biventricular congestive heart failure that may mimic dilated cardiomyopathy. (medscape.com)
  • Growth of Right Ventricular Outflow Tract after "REV" Operation in Complex Congenital Heart Dise. (jchestsurg.org)
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is defined by the presence of increased ventricular wall thickness or mass in the absence of loading conditions (hypertension, valve disease) sufficient to cause the observed abnormality. (nih.gov)
  • The aortic and pulmonic valves develop from the outflow tract of the endocardial cushion, also believed to have neural crest cell migration from the brachial crest during development. (medscape.com)
  • Pulmonic Stenosis Pulmonic stenosis (PS) is narrowing of the pulmonary outflow tract causing obstruction of blood flow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery during systole. (msdmanuals.com)
  • On external inspection of the aortic root, no apparent aneurysm is visible, suggesting therefore that most of the aneurysmal dilatation occurs hidden under the right ventricular outflow tract and the adjacent part of the right atrium Fig ( 2 ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The chest radiograph demonstrates features of right heart enlargement with a prominent right heart border (right atrium) and absence of the retrosternal air space (right ventricular enlargement). (acponline.org)
  • We present the case of a 61-year-old woman with a large tumoral infiltration extending from the pelvis throughout the inferior vena cava inferior to the right atrium, protruding into the right ventricle and right ventricular outflow tract. (puppyreading.com)
  • Use of three-dimensional echocardiography for evaluation of outflow obstruction in congenital coronary heart disease. (grandkitesurfing.com)
  • BACKGROUND:Prompted by a cluster of observations concerning ascending aortic pathology in elite rugby players, we assessed over 150 asymptomatic predominantly retired players with echocardiography, aiming to document the prevalence and severity of ascending aortic dilatation and/or anterior aortic effacement, both 'risk factors' for potentially catastrophic aortic complications. (puppyreading.com)
  • Currently used two-dimensional (2D) echocardiographic RV assessment is challenging because of the peculiar morphology of this ventricular cavity. (thoracickey.com)
  • A left ventricular outflow tract obstruction could additionally be as a end result of a defect within the aortic valve, or a defect situated on the subvalvar or supravalvar stage. (grandkitesurfing.com)
  • Abnormal aortic dilatation and effacement were associated with a longer duration of competitive rugby participation and elite status, respectively. (puppyreading.com)
  • CONCLUSIONS:Ascending aortic dilatation with abnormal anterior effacement is exceedingly common in asymptomatic retired elite rugby players. (puppyreading.com)
  • One of the common features of HLHS is that the outlet valve from the left ventricle (the aortic valve) and the area just beneath (the left ventricular outflow tract) are very poorly developed and simply too small to work. (childheartspecialist.com)