• Environmental variables affecting tick densities at different spatial scales. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ixodes ricinus, the castor bean tick, is a chiefly European species of hard-bodied tick. (wikipedia.org)
  • I. ricinus is the largest of the three common species of Ixodes in the British Isles (the other two being I. canisuga, the British dog tick, and I. trianguliceps, the vole tick). (wikipedia.org)
  • A number of tick-borne diseases can be transmitted by I. ricinus to a variety of mammal hosts. (wikipedia.org)
  • The scientific name of the castor bean tick dates back to the starting point of zoological nomenclature, the 1758 tenth edition of Carl Linnaeus' Systema Naturae, where it appeared as Acarus ricinus. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Biology and Ecology of the Sheep Tick Ixodes ricinus" (PDF). (wikipedia.org)
  • Lastly, Since I. ricinus has a three-host life cycle, feeding once per life stage, each feeding is an opportunity for a tick to acquire microorganisms in addition to acquisition from the vegetation, where it spends most of its life [ 18 , 20 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • During the spring peak of questing tick density, a range of 2-30.3 infected ticks per 100 m 2 was observed. (archive.org)
  • The castor bean tick ( Ixodes ricinus ) transmits infectious diseases such as Lyme borreliosis, which constitutes an important ecosystem disservice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This emphasizes the complex ecology of I. ricinus and the relevance of environmental factors for tick abundance. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The castor bean tick (Ixodes ricinus) acts as vector for several infectious diseases (Lyme borreliosis, Tick-borne Encephalitis, Babesiosis etc.) that pose a risk to live stock and human health [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • While these earlier studies help to provide a general overview of the realized niche of I. ricinus , there is still a lack of large-scale studies, where the majority of environmental factors potentially driving tick abundance are evaluated simultaneously [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ixodes ricinus L.(Acari: Ixodidae), the most common European tick, is the main vector of various agents of medical and veterinary importance such as viruses (e.g. tick-borne encephalitis and looping-ill viruses), bacteria (i.e. (biologists.com)
  • In Central Europe, the main vector for TBEV is the hard tick Ixodes ricinus , which has three blood-feeding stages: larva, nymph, and adult. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The virus obtained from a tick Ixodes ricinus ex Caspian green lizard belongs to the Zausaev strain of the Siberian subtype (not to a strain of the European subtype highly distributed in the territories adjacent to the Caucasus). (gallotia.de)
  • So in Europe, the main tick species is Ixodes ricinus . (cdc.gov)
  • From 1999 to 2001, free-living I. ricinus ticks were collected on a monthly basis by flagging vegetation in these areas. (archive.org)
  • The density of Ixodes ricinus nymphs infected with Anaplasma phagocytophilum is one of the parameters that determines the risk for humans and domesticated animals to contract anaplasmosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Principal component analysis indicated that the density of A. phagocytophilum -infected nymphs (DIN) was higher in forest sites with high availability of red and fallow deer, and to a lesser degree roe deer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ixodes ricinus has a life-cycle consisting of three mobile ontogenetic stages (larvae, nymphs and adults), into which it develops immediately after a successful blood meal from vertebrate hosts [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The behaviour of Ixodes ricinus nymphs was recorded in 10-day experiments using computer-assisted video-tracking, in the absence of any host stimuli. (biologists.com)
  • In this sense, a study investigating the effects of land-use type on acarological hazard for Ixodes ricinus and on its infection rate found a positive effect of climate on relative abundance of questing nymphs, while no differences were observed among land-use categories. (fmach.it)
  • However, when considering the density of infected nymphs (DIN), the effect of land-use emerged with the natural habitats having the highest DIN values for B. burgdorferi s.l., the urban habitats the highest ones for A. phagocytophilum, while for Rickettsia spp. (fmach.it)
  • The proportions in which symbionts occurred in populations of I. ricinus were highly variable, but geographically close study sites expressed similar proportions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • There was no correlation between nymphal density and infection prevalence as well as between adult density and infection prevalence, but there was a correlation between density of ticks and density of infected ticks. (archive.org)
  • Therefore, a specific combination of climatic conditions and certain rodent and deer densities resulted the principal determinants of the TBEv incidence. (fmach.it)
  • It is, however, still unclear which host species form the main reservoir for A. phagocytophilum and therefore contribute most to the density of infected ticks. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Pierre André Latreille split the new genus Ixodes from Linnaeus' Acarus (which at that time contained all known ticks and mites), and I. ricinus was chosen as the type species. (wikipedia.org)
  • Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that crop species can effect on weed species density. (innspub.net)
  • Here, food availability promoted the density of mice, while favoring revisitation patterns of roe deer and interspecific competition among rodents' species. (fmach.it)
  • Nevertheless, Little is known about how microorganisms, other than pathogenic agents, are acquired and propagated in I. ricinus ticks. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The geographic spread and density of I. ricinus infected with A. phagocytophilum are important determinants of the disease risk [ 9 , 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We analyze a large set of environmental factors as potential drivers of I. ricinus abundance. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We surveyed the abundance of I. ricinus, plant community composition, forest structure and soil properties and compiled data on landscape structure, macroclimate and habitat properties. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Many drivers had, on their own, either a moderate or small explanatory value for the abundance of I. ricinus , but combined they explained a substantial part of variation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study stresses the need to further evaluate the interaction between climate change and ecosystem management on I. ricinus abundance. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In response to these changing conditions a detailed understanding of I. ricinus abundance patterns is necessary to predict and reduce exposure risk to TBDs and adjoining monetary expenses for humans. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here, we identify a set of relevant drivers of I. ricinus abundance to shed light on its realized niche. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The infection rates of all vertically transmitted symbionts differed between the study sites, and none of the symbionts was present in all tested ticks suggesting a facultative association with I. ricinus . (biomedcentral.com)
  • This suggests that geography-related factors affect the infection rates of vertically transmitted symbionts in I. ricinus . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Then, a comparative analysis of the relative density and infection of ticks at individual workplaces was done. (lodz.pl)
  • Ixodes ricinus is found across Europe and into neighbouring parts of North Africa and the Middle East, extending as far north as Iceland and as far east as parts of Russia. (wikipedia.org)
  • The extensive spatial and climatic gradient ranging from southern France to Estonia and central Sweden covers a extensive part of the I. ricinus distribution range. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Understanding which factors determine the spatial and temporal distribution of I. ricinus infected with A. phagocytophilum is needed for risk assessments and for formulating possible intervention strategies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • No significant positive correlation was found between the relative density of ticks and the frequencies of infections with B. burgdorferi , A. phagocytophilum and B. microti . (lodz.pl)
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  • The influence of seasonal weather changes may produce slight variations in color, odor and density. (etja.pl)
  • Hedgehogs have been found in higher densities in urban compared to rural areas. (mdpi.com)
  • Here, we explored the bacterial communities of I. ricinus across its developmental stages and six geographic locations by the 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, combined with quantification of the bacterial load. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Its northern limit seems to be determined by environmental factors, including temperature, since a series of mild winters in Scandinavia coincided with an expansion northwards in the range of I. ricinus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Destined For Density™ Caffeine + Biotin Peptide Shampoo Apimties sutei. (inbeauty.lt)
  • I. ricinus is most frequent in habitats where its hosts are plentiful, including woodlands, heaths and forests. (wikipedia.org)
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  • Day after day, the hair is more resistant and the hair gains in density. (lazartigue.com)
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  • Ixodes ricinus has a three-host lifecycle, which usually takes 2-3 years to complete, although it can take from 1 to 6 years in extreme cases. (wikipedia.org)
  • To find a blood meal, I. ricinus first climbs onto low vegetation to quest for a passing vertebrate host. (biologists.com)
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  • Treatments were corn ( Zea mays L.), sunflower ( Helianthus annus L.), common beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L. var 1 and Phaseolus vulgaris L. var 2), castor bean ( Ricinus communis L.), chicken pea ( Cicer arientinum L.), and Lallemantia ( Lallemantia iberica L.). Sampling of weed density in each plot was done in four times. (innspub.net)