Mechanistically, an enzyme that catalyzed the following reaction would be a transferase: X g r o u p + Y → t r a n s f e r a s e X + Y g r o u p {\displaystyle Xgroup+Y{\xrightarrow[{transferase}]{}}X+Ygroup} In the above reaction, X would be the donor, and Y would be the acceptor. (wikipedia.org)
a molecule of RNA is the catalyst for the peptidyl transferase reaction that takes place on the ribosome. (bartleby.com)
The demonstration that ribosomal peptide synthesis is a ribozyme-catalyzed reaction makes it almost certain that there was once an RNA World" (Orgel Leslie E. 2004). (bartleby.com)
Subunit2
The small subunit forms the mRNA-binding machinery and decoding center, the large subunit performs the main ribosomal catalytic function in the peptidyl-transferase center. (enzyme-database.org)
However, it is notable that in ribosomal RNA, many of the post-translational modifications occur in highly functional regions, such as the peptidyl transferase center and the subunit interface, implying that they are important for normal function. (wikidoc.org)
Catalytic1
Catalytic diversity of extended hammerhead ribozymes. (colorado.edu)
Ribosomal1
Rychlik, I., Cerná, J., Chládek, S., Zemlicka, J. and Haladová, Z. Substrate specificity of ribosomal peptidyl transferase: 2′(3′)- O -aminoacyl nucleosides as acceptors of the peptide chain on the amino acid site. (enzyme-database.org)
Systematic1
Systematic names of transferases are constructed in the form of "donor:acceptor grouptransferase. (wikipedia.org)
Enzyme2
In 1953, the enzyme UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase was shown to be a transferase, when it was found that it could reversibly produce UTP and G1P from UDP-glucose and an organic pyrophosphate. (wikipedia.org)
In this case, an amino acid chain is the functional group transferred by a peptidyl transferase. (wikipedia.org)
Mechanism1
Another example of historical significance relating to transferase is the discovery of the mechanism of catecholamine breakdown by catechol-O-methyltransferase. (wikipedia.org)
Functional2
A transferase is any one of a class of enzymes that catalyse the transfer of specific functional groups (e.g. a methyl or glycosyl group) from one molecule (called the donor) to another (called the acceptor). (wikipedia.org)
Group" would be the functional group transferred as a result of transferase activity. (wikipedia.org)
Activity3
Three examples of these reactions are the activity of coenzyme A (CoA) transferase, which transfers thiol esters, the action of N-acetyltransferase, which is part of the pathway that metabolizes tryptophan, and the regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), which converts pyruvate to acetyl CoA. (wikipedia.org)
Earliest discoveries of transferase activity occurred in other classifications of enzymes, including beta-galactosidase, protease, and acid/base phosphatase. (wikipedia.org)
This same action by the transferase can be illustrated as follows: methylamine + L-glutamate ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } NH3 + N-methyl-L-glutamate However, other accepted names are more frequently used for transferases, and are often formed as "acceptor grouptransferase" or "donor grouptransferase. (wikipedia.org)
Steps1
Others bred RNA enzymes, or ribozymes, that could conduct the steps of translation, phosphorylate other polymers, join molecules together, or break them apart. (bartleby.com)
Activities1
Examples of in vitro -selected ribozymes with activities at acid pH have recently been documented. (biomedcentral.com)
Translation1
Transferases are also utilized during translation. (wikipedia.org)
Ribosome6
Their study has now resulted in an atomic resolution structure that proves that the peptidyl transferase of the ribosome, the site where peptide bonds form, is composed entirely of rRNA. (nih.gov)
As has long been suspected, the ribosome is a ribozyme. (nih.gov)
Ribozyme (catalytic RNA) is present in ribosome and joins the amino acids together by peptide bond formation to form protein chains. (worksheetsbag.com)
Peptide bond formation occurs in the peptidyl transferase centre present in the larger sub-unit of ribosome. (worksheetsbag.com)
However, no proteins are proximate to the amino acid transferase center of the ribosome - the catalytic function of ribosomes is actually carried out by the RNAs, dubbed ribozymes. (cureffi.org)
[3] A few RNA molecules called ribozymes catalyze reactions, with an important example being some parts of the ribosome . (wikidoc.org)
Reactions2
Transferases are involved in myriad reactions in the cell. (wikipedia.org)
Three examples of these reactions are the activity of coenzyme A (CoA) transferase, which transfers thiol esters, the action of N-acetyltransferase, which is part of the pathway that metabolizes tryptophan, and the regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), which converts pyruvate to acetyl CoA. (wikipedia.org)
Proteins1
Serganov, A. & Patel, D. J. Ribozymes, riboswitches and beyond: regulation of gene expression without proteins. (nature.com)
Important1
Some of the most important discoveries relating to transferases occurred as early as the 1930s. (wikipedia.org)
Form1
Systematic names of transferases are constructed in the form of "donor:acceptor grouptransferase. (wikipedia.org)