Ribosome eukaryotic initiation factor 3. Medical search. Frequent questions

eIF2 is a heterotrimer consisting of an alpha (also called subunit 1, EIF2S1), a beta (subunit 2, EIF2S2), and a gamma (subunit 3, EIF2S3) subunit. (wikipedia.org)
This causes eIF2-GDP to be released from this 48S complex and translation begins after recruitment of the 60S ribosomal subunit and formation of the 80S initiation complex. (wikipedia.org)
Initiation begins with the assembly of a pre-initiation complex (PIC) in which the small ribosomal subunit is joined by several protein initiation factors (eIFs). (vassar.edu)
PERK, (a component of the integrated stress response) then phosphorylates the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit −α (eIF2α), which results in global translational arrest. (encyclopedia.pub)
EIF3J is a labile subunit that binds to the eIF-3 complex via EIF3B. (expasy.org)
Belongs to the eIF-3 subunit D family. (expasy.org)
Figure 3: Interactions between the 40S subunit and ABCE1 in the post-splitting state. (nature.com)
In starvation conditions, the reinitiating ribosomes bypass uORFs 2-4 and reinitiate at GCN4 instead, owing to lowered availability of the ternary complex (TC)-comprised of initiation factor 2 (eIF2), GTP, and initiator Met-tRNAi-which binds to the small (40S) ribosomal subunit to assemble a 43S preinitiation complex (PIC). (nih.gov)
We have also investigated the roles of various eIFs, tRNAi and the 40S subunit in scanning the mRNA 5′ untranslated region and in accurately identifying the AUG initiation codon. (nih.gov)
PDCD4 is composed of two MA3 domains that share similarity with the single MA3 domain present in the eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF) 4G, which serves as a scaffold protein to assemble several initiation factors needed for the recruitment of the 40S ribosomal subunit to an mRNA. (biomedcentral.com)
Although the bacterial 30 S ribosomal subunit can identify the initiation codon through base-pairing between the 3′-end of its16 S ribosomal RNA subunit and the Shine-Dalgarno sequence upstream of the initiation codon, the 40 S ribosomal subunit of the eukaryotic 80 S ribosome requires several translation initiation factors (eIFs) for its binding to an mRNA and to identify the initiation codon [ 1 - 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
While eIF4E binds to the 5′-cap structure, eIF4A is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that hydrolyzes ATP in order to unwind secondary structure present in the 5′-leader of an mRNA that would otherwise inhibit 40S subunit scanning during its search for the initiation codon [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In most metazoans, GCN2 is one of the four known kinases that phosphorylate eukaryotic initiation factor 2, α subunit (eIF2α) to inhibit translation initiation [ 19 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Found in eukaryotes, this protein is a subunit of a high molecular weight complex involved in 5'cap recognition and the binding of mRNA to ribosomes. (expasy.org)
Poxviruses' early transcription factor 70 Kd subunit which acts with RNA polymerase to initiate transcription from early gene promoters. (expasy.org)
Y10b labels large and small subunit of ribosomes in eukaryotic cells. (uiowa.edu)
Kinetic pathway of 40S ribosomal subunit recruitment to hepatitis C virus internal ribosome entry site. (uiowa.edu)
Hepatitis C virus internal ribosome entry site - Protein translation of most eukaryotic mRNAs requires association of Met tRNA, several eukaryotic initiation factors, and GTP with the 40S ribosomal subunit. (academic.ru)
Translation initiation begins when the small subunit of the ribosome attaches to the cap and moves to the translation initiation site. (vcell.science)
To begin initiation, the small subunit of a ribosome attaches to the mRNA. (vcell.science)
After the first tRNA moves into place, the large subunit of the ribosome attaches to the small subunit. (vcell.science)
crystal structure of the eukaryotic 40s ribosomal subunit in complex with initiation factor 1. (berkeley.edu)
Met-tRNAi binds to the 40S subunit as a ternary complex (TC) with the GTP-bound form of the initiation factor eIF2. (nih.gov)
Three other factors, eIF1, eIF1A, and eIF3, also bind to the 40S subunit and promote the loading of the TC. (nih.gov)
GDP dissociates from the PIC, and eIF1A and a second GTPase factor, eIF5B, coordinate joining of the large ribosomal subunit to form the 80S initiation complex. (nih.gov)

EIF5B (Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 5B) is a conserved eukaryotic translation factor that mediates association of the 40S and 60S ribosomal subunits during eukaryotic translation initiation, and modulates the cell cycle progression by regulating the translation of upstream open reading frames (uORF)-containing mRNAs such as p27 and p21 [ 3 ]. (techscience.com)
We use ribosome profiling to monitor the effects of specific mutations to the eIF3 complex and investigate the features of the specific mRNAs most sensitive to these mutations. (vassar.edu)
In eukaryotic cells, many messenger RNAs (mRNAs) possess upstream open reading frames (uORFs) in addition to the main coding region. (mcw.edu)
Translational control of mRNAs is mediated in part by eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E). (ecu.edu)
Under these conditions only certain mRNAs such as those encoding activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) are translated, in order to maintain functions important for cell survival. (encyclopedia.pub)
mRNA cap-binding component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex, a complex required for several steps in the initiation of protein synthesis of a specialized repertoire of mRNAs. (expasy.org)
The eIF-3 complex specifically targets and initiates translation of a subset of mRNAs involved in cell proliferation, including cell cycling, differentiation and apoptosis, and uses different modes of RNA stem-loop binding to exert either translational activation or repression. (expasy.org)
In the eIF-3 complex, EIF3D specifically recognizes and binds the 7-methylguanosine cap of a subset of mRNAs. (expasy.org)
mRNA cap-binding component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex, which is involved in protein synthesis of a specialized repertoire of mRNAs and, together with other initiation factors, stimulates binding of mRNA and methionyl-tRNAi to the 40S ribosome. (expasy.org)
The eIF-3 complex specifically targets and initiates translation of a subset of mRNAs involved in cell proliferation. (expasy.org)
Ribosome profiling revealed that the deletion of EIF4A1 , but not EIF4A2 , rendered the translation of TOP mRNAs resistant to mTOR inactivation. (biorxiv.org)
Currently, the 5'UTR remodeling and activation remain structurally and mechanistically uncharacterized for eukaryotic mRNAs. (illinois.edu)
however, mRNAs encoding a subset of factors important for error-free replication and chromosome segregation, including TIPIN, PLK2 and PLK3, remain at low abundance. (babraham.ac.uk)
Axonal ribosomes and mRNAs associate with fragile X granules in adult rodent and human brains. (uiowa.edu)

Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 2 (eIF2) is an eukaryotic initiation factor. (wikipedia.org)
eIF2 mediates the binding of tRNAiMet to the ribosome in a GTP-dependent manner. (wikipedia.org)
Once the initiation phase has completed, eIF2 is released from the ribosome bound to GDP as an inactive binary complex. (wikipedia.org)
eIF2 is an essential factor for protein synthesis that forms a ternary complex (TC) with GTP and the initiator Met-tRNAiMet. (wikipedia.org)
Finally, with the help of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) eIF2B, the GDP in eIF2 is exchanged for a GTP and the ternary complex reforms for a new round of translation initiation. (wikipedia.org)
eIF2 is a heterotrimer of a total molar mass of 126 kDa that is composed of the three sub-units: α (sub-unit 1), β (sub-unit 2), and γ (sub-unit 3). (wikipedia.org)
Furthermore, low concentration of ternary complex allows the expression of GCN4 (starved condition), which, in turn, results in increased activation of amino acid synthesis genes Since eIF2 is essential for most forms of translation initiation and therefore protein synthesis, defects in eIF2 are often lethal. (wikipedia.org)
Early accomplishments of the SNCGE in this area include discovering the novel regulatory mechanism that induces translation of GCN4 mRNA via small upstream ORFs (uORFs) in the mRNA leader by phosphorylation and inhibition of eIF2 by the kinase Gcn2, now understood to regulate expression of key transcription factors (Atf4 and Atf5) in mammals and implicated in learning and memory. (nih.gov)
We identified the eIF2α phosphatases in yeast and made key contributions to elucidating the mechanism whereby phosphorylated eIF2 inhibits its GDP-GTP exchange factor, eIF2B, defining the catalytic and regulatory subcomplexes of eIF2B and their distinct roles in binding phosphorylated or nonphosphorylated eIF2. (nih.gov)
TC abundance is reduced in starved cells by phosphorylation of eIF2α by Gcn2, converting eIF2 from substrate to inhibitor of its guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) eIF2B. (nih.gov)
PERK phosphorylates eIF2, which blocks the binding of the initiator Met-tRNA to the ribosome leading to its inactivation, and thus to a rapid reduction of translational initiation and repression of global protein synthesis. (russnewton.com)

The mTOR signaling complex 1 (mTORC1) helps maintaining protein synthesis through phosphorylation of at least two direct targets, eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4E-binding proteins (4E-BPs) and ribosomal protein S6 kinases (S6Ks) [ 3 ] that regulate the activity of EIF4F, a heterotrimeric complex required for the cap-dependent ribosome recruitment phase of translation initiation. (biomedcentral.com)
In this fundamental process of life, the ribosome builds proteins according to the information encoded on the mRNA. (en-academic.com)
Three arms exist in the ER stress response: the protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), and inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) pathways, where each of the sensor proteins is a membrane protein ( Figure 1 ). (encyclopedia.pub)
We uncovered the functions of ABCE proteins Rli1/ABCE1 and Arb1 in PIC assembly and ribosome biogenesis, and identified the tRNA methyltransferase Gcd10/Gcd14, which contributed to the discovery of the TRAMP-mediated RNA surveillance pathway. (nih.gov)
The expression model of translational initiation factor, ribosomal proteins and SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein complex related genes suggested an important role for translational and post-translational network in anthocyanin biosynthesis. (biomedcentral.com)
The poly (A) tail first binds to a large number of poly (A) binding proteins (PABP), and then recruits eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4G), increasing the affinity of poly (A) to the 5'Cap structure, and finally the poly (A) tail and the 5'Cap structure meet end-to-end to form a circular mRNA. (cobetter.com)
Met-tRNAi Functions in Directing the Scanning Ribosome to the Start Site of Translation, and the ribosomes translate RNA into proteins that are then folded.If that folding goes wrong, for example because of a DNA mutation, a translation error, too much or too little of some chemicals or chemicals replacing amino acids, (partly)unfolded proteins remain in the RER. (russnewton.com)
Professor Jin and her lab propose that structured 5'UTRs can facilitate translation initiation via sequential remodeling: the 5'UTR undergoes sequential conformational changes that are facilitated by RNA binding proteins and translational factors, which ultimately leads to recruitment of the ribosome for translation of the mRNA. (illinois.edu)
At present, initial data from Professor Jin's lab suggests that unique interactions between the 5'UTR, associated proteins and the ribosome lead to formation of transcript-specific translation machinery important for cell physiology. (illinois.edu)
Melanoma also frequently exhibits enhanced activation of receptor tyrosine kinases like epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and MET, as well as BRAF and small G proteins such as Ras [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Some defense proteins such as beta-glucosidase aggregating factor were strongly down regulated and may be regulated directly by opaque2 . (biomedcentral.com)
The substantial reduction in synthesis of α-zeins results in smaller, less numerous protein bodies and a concomitant increase in non-zein endosperm proteins [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

We show that fission yeast Sum1, which is structurally related to known eIF3 subunits in other species, is essential for translation initiation, whereas its overexpression results in reduced global translation. (ox.ac.uk)
The eIF-3 complex is also required for disassembly and recycling of post-termination ribosomal complexes and subsequently prevents premature joining of the 40S and 60S ribosomal subunits prior to initiation. (expasy.org)
The essential ATP-binding cassette protein ABCE1 splits 80S ribosomes into 60S and 40S subunits after canonical termination or quality-control-based mRNA surveillance processes. (nature.com)
Proanthocyanidins are condensed products of these flavan-3-ol subunits [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
This process involves several key molecules including mRNA, the small and large subunits of the ribosome, tRNA, and finally, the release factor. (vcell.science)

Active mTORC1 phosphorylates the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein-1 (4E-BP1) and 40S ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) to promote protein synthesis [ 3 , 4 ]. (springer.com)
Our data show that the distinct protein interactions of these highly homologous translation factor paralogs shape protein synthesis during mTORC1 inhibition and provide a unique example of the repressive role of a universal translation activator. (biorxiv.org)
Although eIF4A is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that binds the MA3 domain of eIF4G to promote translation initiation, binding of eIF4A to the MA3 domains of PDCD4 inhibits protein synthesis. (biomedcentral.com)
Following transcription and processing of an mRNA, the ribosome is responsible for performing protein synthesis. (biomedcentral.com)
Protein factors uniquely required during the initiation phase of protein synthesis in GENETIC TRANSLATION. (ucdenver.edu)
The goal of our research group is to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the initiation phase of protein synthesis in eukaryotic organisms. (nih.gov)

GAPDH ( gpd-3 ) mRNA translation was not affected. (ecu.edu)
Recent evidence links synaptic plasticity and mRNA translation, via the eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF2K) and its only known substrate, eEF2. (nature.com)
In the brain, mRNA translation is a critical cellular mechanism, providing tailored responses to the different demands of general homeostasis and synaptic plasticity, and is regulated in both its initiation and elongation phases [ 6 ]. (nature.com)
Disrupting the initiation of eukaryotic mRNA translation, including the rate-limiting recruitment of the 40S ribosome via the eIF4F complex, has been shown to have anti-immunogenic, anti-oncogenic and anti-cachectic effects25C27. (sdfca.org)

43S PIC assembly is believed to be stimulated by the initiation factors eIF1, eIF1A, and the eIF3 complex according to in vitro experiments. (wikipedia.org)
The largest and most complex of the eIFs is eIF3, which participates in each phase of translation initiation yet remains poorly understood. (vassar.edu)
To investigate the role of eIF3 in translation initiation, we employ ribosome profiling, which enables us to learn the position of each translating ribosome on every mRNA in living cells. (vassar.edu)
Accumulating evidence suggests that some initiation factors, including eukaryotic initiation factor 3 (eIF3), linger on the early elongating ribosome, forming an eIF3-80S complex. (mcw.edu)
Stress-induced de- O -GlcNAcylation promotes eIF3 retention on the elongating ribosome and facilitates activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) reinitiation. (mcw.edu)
Sum1, a component of the fission yeast eIF3 translation initiation complex, is rapidly relocalized during environmental stress and interacts with components of the 26S proteasome. (ox.ac.uk)
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF3) is a multisubunit complex that plays a central role in translation initiation. (ox.ac.uk)
Sum1 is associated with the 40S ribosome and interacts stably with Int6, an eIF3 component, in vivo, suggesting that Sum1 is a component of the eIF3 complex. (ox.ac.uk)
These data indicate a functional link between components of the structurally related eIF3 translation initiation and 26S proteasome complexes. (ox.ac.uk)
First, we completed our studies on the roles of the domains of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF3 in promoting recruitment of mRNA and initiator tRNA to the ribosomal pre-translation initiation complex (PIC). (nih.gov)

The ribosome can only bind the capped mRNA after binding the initiator tRNA. (academic.ru)
The methionine is transferred to the A-site amino acid, the first tRNA exits, the ribosome moves along the mRNA, and the next tRNA enters. (vcell.science)
As elongation continues, the growing peptide is continually transferred to the A-site tRNA, the ribosome moves along the mRNA, and new tRNAs enter. (vcell.science)
After the first tRNA has attached to the peptidyl site, a second tRNA enters the complete ribosome and attaches to its complementary mRNA codon in the aminoacyl site. (vcell.science)
No longer bearing an amino acid, the tRNA from the peptidyl site leaves the ribosome. (vcell.science)
The ribosome moves along the mRNA again, and another charged (with its amino acid) tRNA fills the aminoacyl site. (vcell.science)
When bound, the methionine initiator tRNA associates with the eIF-2/40S ribosome complex, bringing along with it the mRNA to be translated. (openstax.org)

A key element regulating the elongation phase is the eukaryotic elongation factor (eEF2) pathway [ 8 ]. (nature.com)
The human ortholog of MEF2 is the Elongation Factor Gene (EF-G) 2, which has previously been shown to play a specific role in mitochondrial ribosome recycling. (prolekarniky.cz)

UTRs form secondary structures that ultimately affect protein expression, 5' UTRs play an important role in translation initiation, while 3' UTRs help to maintain mRNA stability. (cobetter.com)
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF) 4A - a DEAD-box RNA-binding protein - plays an essential role in translation initiation. (biorxiv.org)

Reduced SMO-dependent expression of Gli1 was demonstrated in both Tsc1 −/− and Tsc2 −/− cells, and we found that Tsc1 is required for TGF-β induced phosphorylation of SMAD2/3 and subsequent expression of the HH signaling effector and transcription factor GLI2. (springer.com)
Protein expression of cleaved cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase caspase-3(cleaved caspase-3), B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2), and AR as well as the phosphorylation level of mTOR protein were detected by Western blot. (bvsalud.org)
Phosphorylation of Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 2 by Heme-Regulated Inhibitor Kinase-Related Protein Kinases in Schizosaccharomyces pombe Is Important for Resistance to Environmental Stresses. (en-academic.com)
Mitogenic stimulation leads to binding and activation of a complex composed of MTOR and RPTOR, leading to phosphorylation and release of RPS6KB1 and binding of EIF4B to eIF-3. (expasy.org)
In 4T1 breast cancer cells, short-term starvation resulted in increased phosphorylation of the stress-sensitizing Akt and S6 kinases, increased oxidative stress, caspase-3 cleavage, DNA damage, and apoptosis. (kingdomfasting.com)

The mammalian ER stress response consists of three arms: the inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1), protein kinase R (PKR)-like ER kinase (PERK), and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) pathways. (encyclopedia.pub)
Under normal conditions, BiP binds to the lumenal domains of Ire1α, Ire1β and PERK (Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3), and prevents their homodimerization transport to the Golgi apparatus. (russnewton.com)

Furthermore, TSC1 was demonstrated to be required for the proper activation of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-SMAD2/3 pathway in HeLa cells [ 11 ]. (springer.com)
These findings have helped to illuminate the molecular mechanism of TC recruitment and assembly of 43S PICS at an early stage of the initiation pathway. (nih.gov)
Members of the NnMYB and NnbHLH transcription factor families were presumed to play a role in the metabolic flux in the anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin biosynthetic pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
With regard to the anthocyanin-specific pathway, reactions are catalyzed by anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) to generate anthocyanidins, which are subsequently modified by flavonoid 3- O -glucosyltransferase (UFGT) to generate stable anthocyanins. (biomedcentral.com)
This reaction can temporarily be beneficial, but if the ER stress is prolonged and severe, the UPR can result in cell death through the activation of multiple apoptotic signaling cascades, including CHOP (the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein), also known as GADD153-mediated pathway (growth arrest and DNA damage gene 153), TRAF2 (IRE1/tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2-mediated pathway), and Ca2+-dependent pathway. (russnewton.com)
IMPACT inhibits the ISR pathway, thus limiting the activation of stress response factors that are beneficial during aging and required under DR. (biomedcentral.com)

A GCN2-like eukaryotic initiation factor 2 kinase increases the viability of extracellular Toxoplasma gondii parasites. (ucdenver.edu)

This spliced form of XBP1 then translates into a transcription factor, which further translocates into the nucleus where it induces expression of a wide variety of genes including ER-associated chaperones and protein folding enzymes to increase ER size and folding capacity. (distantreader.org)
In addition to OCT4 and SOX2, the third core pluripotency transcription factor (PTF) NANOG was found to be modified and functionally regulated by O -GlcNAc. (mcw.edu)
Erythroblast transformation-specific-related gene (ERG) as a transcription factor promoted the transcription of ICAM2 by binding to the crucial response element localized within its promoter region. (bvsalud.org)
Current evidence indicates that, through either of these pathways, HER2 signaling can regulate c-Myc, a multifunctional transcription factor involved in cell cycle progression (see [ 4 ] and references therein). (biomedcentral.com)
The genetic model of DR - the eat-2 mutant - has a decreased pumping rate, thus ingesting less bacteria, and requires the FoxA transcription factor PHA-4 [ 8 ] and the dimethoxy ubiquinone hydroxylase CLK-1 [ 9 ] to extend its lifespan. (biomedcentral.com)

Once the start codon is reached and identified, scanning stops, and the full ribosome is assembled. (vassar.edu)
After uORF translation, the ribosome could either recycle at the stop codon or resume scanning for downstream start codons in a process known as reinitiation. (mcw.edu)
ii) identifying a higher-order assembly of initiation factors 1, 2, 3, and 5-the multifactor complex (MFC)-and elucidating its roles in PIC assembly and accurate start codon selection. (nih.gov)
When a stop codon is encountered in the A-site, a release factor enters the A-site and translation is terminated. (vcell.science)

As a consequence, translation comes to a halt since initiation is no longer possible without any available ternary complex. (wikipedia.org)

According to the current model, scanning ribosomes translate the 5′-most uORF (uORF1) and, under non-starvation conditions, reinitiate translation at downstream uORFs 2, 3, or 4 and subsequently dissociate from the mRNA, keeping GCN4 translation repressed. (nih.gov)

Translation initiation is the process that assembles the ribosome, the molecular apparatus which translates the genetic code and synthesizes the corresponding protein. (vassar.edu)
In all organisms, translation is catalyzed in the ribosome, an extraordinary RNA-protein molecular machine in every living cell. (illinois.edu)
Further transcriptomic analysis of isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and PMNs from patients with acute brucellosis before treatment initiation and after successful treatment revealed a positive correlation of the molecular signature of active disease with pathways associated with response to interferons (IFN). (frontiersin.org)

Our findings illustrate a mechanism in balancing ribosome recycling and reinitiation, thereby linking the nutrient stress response and translational reprogramming. (mcw.edu)
Notably, the movement implies a collision with A-site factors, thus explaining the splitting mechanism. (nature.com)
The Halastavi ?rva Virus Intergenic Region IRES Promotes Translation by the Simplest Possible Initiation Mechanism. (ucdenver.edu)
Mechanism of ribosome recruitment by hepatitis C IRES RNA. (ucdenver.edu)

Biological process: formation of cytoplasmic translation initiation complex. (expasy.org)
Biological process: cytoplasmic translational initiation. (expasy.org)

In this study, we investigated the functional role of eukaryotic initiation factor 5B (EIF5B) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the underlying mechanisms. (techscience.com)

The eIF-3 complex associates with the 40S ribosome and facilitates the recruitment of eIF-1, eIF-1A, eIF-2:GTP:methionyl-tRNAi and eIF-5 to form the 43S pre-initiation complex (43S PIC). (expasy.org)
The eIF-3 complex stimulates mRNA recruitment to the 43S PIC and scanning of the mRNA for AUG recognition. (expasy.org)
The eIF-3 complex interacts with RPS6KB1 under conditions of nutrient depletion. (expasy.org)
Component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex. (expasy.org)
The eIF-3 complex interacts with pix. (expasy.org)
The RNA gate region regulates mRNA cap recognition to prevent promiscuous mRNA-binding before assembly of eif3d into the full eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex. (expasy.org)
Additionally, the structure of a native post-splitting complex reveals ABCE1 to be part of the 43S initiation complex, suggesting a coordination of termination, recycling, and initiation. (nature.com)
Therefore, the initiation complex cannot form properly and translation is impeded ( Figure 16.13 ). (openstax.org)
Figure 16.13 Gene expression can be controlled by factors that bind the translation initiation complex. (openstax.org)

URB1 ribosome biogenesis 1 homolog (S. cer. (gsea-msigdb.org)
ribosome biogenesis regulator 1 [Source:MG. (gsea-msigdb.org)
NSA2 ribosome biogenesis homolog [Source:M. (gsea-msigdb.org)

Franckenberg, S., Becker, T. & Beckmann, R. Structural view on recycling of archaeal and eukaryotic ribosomes after canonical termination and ribosome rescue. (nature.com)
The process is broken into three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. (vcell.science)
When termination is reached, the ribosome dissociates, and the newly formed protein is released. (vcell.science)

These studies exploit a genetic selection for mutations that elevate initiation at near-cognate UUG start codons (Sui− phenotype) or suppress this aberrant initiation event (Ssu− phenotype) (Figure 1B). (nih.gov)

Based on yeast genetic studies, we identify the mitochondrial translation factor MEF2 as a mediator of atorvastatin toxicity. (prolekarniky.cz)
DRS1, a yeast protein involved in ribosome assembly. (expasy.org)

eIF4E binds the methylated 5' cap of mRNA and recruits it to the ribosome. (ecu.edu)

a cis-acting sequence that increases the utilization of (some) eukaryotic promoters, and can function in either orientation and in any location (upstream or downstream) relative to the promoter. (insdc.org)

In our studies of the role of the RNA-activated ATPase eIF4A in promoting mRNA recruitment to the PIC, we showed that the PIC itself activates the ATPase function of the factor over and above the stimulation provided by RNA. (nih.gov)

Nürenberg, E. & Tampé, R. Tying up loose ends: ribosome recycling in eukaryotes and archaea. (nature.com)

These charged molecules of RNA bring the amino acids to the ribosome. (vcell.science)

Eukaryotic mRNA, the substrate for translation, has a unique 3′-end called the poly-A tail. (vcell.science)

IRE1b may also be associated with RIDD, 3 which is closely related to intracellular parasite infections and anti-viral responses at mucosal surface. (distantreader.org)

One such entity is the so-called HER2 subtype, which is characterized by amplification and/or overexpression of this member of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family. (biomedcentral.com)

Goulart-Silva F, Teixeira Sda S, Luchessi AD, Dos Santos LR, Rebelato E, Carpinelli AR, Nunes MT. Potential contribution of translational factors to triiodo-L-thyronine-induced insulin synthesis by pancreatic beta cells. (ucdenver.edu)

FtsJ RNA methyltransferase homolog 3 (E. c. (gsea-msigdb.org)
ribosome production factor 1 homolog [Sour. (gsea-msigdb.org)

The major risk factors associated with HCC development and progression include chronic hepatitis B or C virus infections, high alcohol consumption, and activation of oncogenes [ 2 ]. (techscience.com)

Silvestrol induced caspase-3 activation and apoptotic cell death in a time- and dose-dependent manner. (biomedcentral.com)

The LC-MS-MS results showed that eight anthocyanin compounds, including cyanidin 3- O -glucoside, cyanidin 3- O -galactoside, malvidin 3- O -galactoside, and malvidin 3- O -glucoside, were differentially enriched in red-pigmented tissues of the petals, whereas most of these metabolites were undetected in white tissues of the petals. (biomedcentral.com)

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A small interference RNA-liposome complexes reduce inflammation and increase survival in murine models of severe sepsis and acute lung injury. (ucdenver.edu)

Anatomy24

Organisms16

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Chemicals and Drugs129

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Phenomena and Processes64

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Subunit25

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EIF211

Proteins12

Subunits5

Protein synthesis6

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EIF310

TRNA7

Elongation factor2

Role in translation initiation2

Phosphorylation5

PERK2

Pathway6

Kinase1

Transcription factor5

Codon4

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Molecular3

Mechanism4

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Complex9

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Yeast2

Binds1

Upstream1

EIF4A1

Eukaryotes1

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