Rheumatic mitral stenosis. Medical search. Frequent questions

For more information, please go to Aortic Stenosis , Aortic Regurgitation , Mitral Regurgitation , and Tricuspid Regurgitation . (medscape.com)
If the valve does not close tightly and blood leaks backward, the problem is called aortic valve regurgitation or mitral valve regurgitation. (healthlinkbc.ca)
If you have moderate to severe mitral valve regurgitation, minimally invasive transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVR) may be an option for you. (orlandohealth.com)
We use this approach to treat mitral regurgitation (leaky valve) in certain patients who are too high-risk to have traditional mitral valve surgery. (orlandohealth.com)
Heart valve disease happens when the heart's valves can't open far enough to let blood through (stenosis) or can't close enough to prevent blood from flowing back into the heart (regurgitation). (cardiosmart.org)
Blood thinners also should be used in patients at greater risk of stroke with AFib and either native aortic valve disease, tricuspid valve disease or mitral regurgitation. (cardiosmart.org)
Further updates involve the use of valve replacement and treatment for mitral regurgitation. (cardiosmart.org)
Experts also noted that mitral valve surgery is reasonable for certain patients with severe primary mitral regurgitation. (cardiosmart.org)
Mitral valve regurgitation, or mitral insufficiency, occurs when your mitral valve no longer closes tightly, causing blood to flow the wrong way. (upmc.com)
Whether you need medicine or surgery for mitral valve regurgitation, we make sure you get the right care. (upmc.com)
Mitral regurgitation (MR) occurs when the mitral valve doesn't close properly, and blood leaks back into the heart's left upper chamber. (upmc.com)
This type of mitral regurgitation is degenerative regurgitation. (upmc.com)
Changes in heart rhythm can occur when mitral regurgitation causes the upper left chamber to get larger. (upmc.com)
Why choose UPMC's Center for Heart Valve Disease for mitral regurgitation care? (upmc.com)
Tailor mitral valve regurgitation treatment plans to each person's needs. (upmc.com)
New and modified recommendations have been made regarding indications for antibiotic prophylaxis for infective endocarditis (IE), the use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in patients with atrial fibrillation and heart valve disease, indications for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), surgical management of patients with primary and secondary mitral regurgitation (MR), and management of patients with a heart valve prosthesis. (clinicaladvisor.com)
Objective The aim of this study was to assess natural course of rheumatic aortic regurgitation (AR) in patients who underwent mitral valve surgery. (ijsr.net)
Mitral regurgitation is where some blood flows the wrong way in the heart because the mitral valve does not close properly. (www.nhs.uk)
Mitral valve regurgitation does not always have symptoms. (www.nhs.uk)
Mitral regurgitation happens if the mitral valve cannot close properly. (www.nhs.uk)
An abnormality of the mitral leaflets, mitral annulus, chordae tendineae, papillary muscles, left atrium, or left ventricle can lead to mitral regurgitation. (doctorlib.info)
Cardiac catheterization reveals mitral regurgitation with increased left ventricular end-diastolic volume and pressure, increased atrial pressure and PAWP, and decreased cardiac output. (doctorlib.info)
Describe the algorithm and work up for mitral regurgitation. (philips.com)
Thus, left atrial enlargement can result in mitral regurgitation by affecting the posterior leaflet. (medscape.com)
Thus, annular dilatation of the mitral valve causes poor leaflet apposition, which results in mitral regurgitation. (medscape.com)

In India, following rheumatic fever, some patients follow an unusually rapid course in developing mitral stenosis severe enough to require operative treatment, even at the age of six years. (nih.gov)
For example, the diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever in patients presenting with acute carditis includes 2 skin signs out of the 5 classic Jones criteria (ie, arthritis, carditis, erythema marginatum, subcutaneous nodules, and chorea). (medscape.com)
The natural history of mitral stenosis secondary to rheumatic fever (the most common cause) is an asymptomatic latent phase following the initial episode of rheumatic fever. (wikipedia.org)
Almost all cases of mitral stenosis are due to disease in the heart secondary to rheumatic fever and the consequent rheumatic heart disease. (wikipedia.org)
Mitral stenosis (MS) is the most important long-term sequel of rheumatic fever (RF). (intechopen.com)
Rheumatic fever (RF) develops as the consequence of autoimmune reaction to group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngeal infection [ 1 ]. (intechopen.com)
Patients who have had rheumatic fever have about a 50% likelihood of having a recurrence if they have another episode of group A streptococcal pharyngitis that is untreated. (merckmanuals.com)
Acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. (merckmanuals.com)
Group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis is the etiologic precursor of acute rheumatic fever, but host and environmental factors are important. (merckmanuals.com)
Undernutrition, overcrowding, and lower socioeconomic status predispose to streptococcal infections and subsequent episodes of rheumatic fever. (merckmanuals.com)
Infection with this pathogen is also causally linked to 2 potentially serious nonsuppurative complications: acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and acute glomerulonephritis . (medscape.com)
Rheumatic fever is a bacterial infection that can cause problems with the heart's aortic and mitral valves. (healthlinkbc.ca)
Rheumatic fever is caused by certain strains of streptococcal bacteria. (healthlinkbc.ca)
A strep throat infection that isn't properly treated can trigger rheumatic fever. (healthlinkbc.ca)
Rheumatic fever can damage heart muscle and heart valves. (healthlinkbc.ca)
Not all people who have rheumatic fever develop rheumatic heart disease. (healthlinkbc.ca)
Mitral stenosis can be caused by congenital heart defects, mitral valve prolapse, rheumatic fever, lupus and other conditions. (stroke.org)
Rheumatic fever (PDF) is a childhood illness that sometimes occurs after untreated strep throat or scarlet fever. (stroke.org)
Rheumatic fever is rare in high-income countries such as the United States but remains a concern in some low- and middle-income nations. (stroke.org)
Rheumatic fever can damage the heart valves leading to rheumatic heart disease. (stroke.org)
You have mitral valve disease due to rheumatic fever, or rheumatic or other mitral valve stenosis. (orlandohealth.com)
I learned about her struggles with mitral stenosis (which resulted from rheumatic fever ) and atrial fibrillation. (heart-valve-surgery.com)
Rheumatic fever (RF) is an illness that occurs as a complication of untreated or inadequately treated strep throat infection. (encyclopedia.com)
Rheumatic fever causes inflammation of tissues and organs and can result in serious damage to the heart valves, joints, central nervous system and skin. (encyclopedia.com)
Rheumatic fever is rare in the United States , though there were outbreaks in both New York City and in Utah in the 1990s. (encyclopedia.com)
Though the exact cause of rheumatic fever is unknown, the disease usually follows the contraction of a throat infection caused by a member of the Group A streptococcus (strep) bacteria (called strep throat). (encyclopedia.com)
Rheumatic fever may occur in people of any age, but is most common in children between the ages of five and 15. (encyclopedia.com)
However, when a throat infection occurs without symptoms, or when a patient neglects to take the prescribed medication for the full 10-day course of treatment, there is up to an estimated 3% chance that he or she will develop rheumatic fever. (encyclopedia.com)
Two different theories exist as to how a bacterial throat infection can result in rheumatic fever. (encyclopedia.com)
In 2002, a report announced that scientists had mapped the genome (genetic material) of an A streptococcus bacterium responsible for acute rheumatic fever. (encyclopedia.com)
It is interesting to note that members of certain families seem to have a greater tendency to develop rheumatic fever than do others. (encyclopedia.com)
A number of skin changes are common in rheumatic fever patients. (encyclopedia.com)
Rheumatic fever as a child. (upmc.com)
The most common cause of mitral stenosis is rheumatic fever , which scars the mitral valve. (epnet.com)
Mitral valve stenosis occurs due to rheumatic fever in about 80% of people with the condition. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Symptoms of mitral stenosis usually manifest during the third or fourth decade of life and nearly half of patients do not recall a history of acute rheumatic fever. (medscape.com)
The goal of medical treatment for mitral stenosis is to reduce recurrence of rheumatic fever, provide prophylaxis for infective endocarditis, reduce symptoms of pulmonary congestion (eg, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea), control the ventricular rate if atrial fibrillation is present, and prevent thromboembolic complications. (medscape.com)
In 2001, because he had had rheumatic fever during childhood, he had biological aortic and mitral valves implanted. (cdc.gov)
RHEUMATIC FEVER is its primary cause. (bvsalud.org)

To assess emptying velocity of LAA in patient with moderate versus severe chronic rheumatic mitral stenosis, from a Bangladesh health service perspective. (banglajol.info)
In chronic rheumatic mitral stenosis in moderate versus severe cases average LAA emptying velocities were significantly higher moderate CRHD with MS compare to severe CRHD with MS,(26.57±4.91;31.12±5.04), P=0.018. (banglajol.info)
Unusual Survival of Anomalous Left Coronary Artery From the Pulmonary Artery With Severe Rheumatic Mitral Stenosis in Septuagenarian Women: Foes Becoming Friends? (jocmr.org)
Echocardiography established calcified severe mitral stenosis (MS), presence of continuous flow entering the pulmonary trunk, turbulent continuous flow in inter-ventricular septum with left to right shunt in contrast echocardiography and normal systolic function. (jocmr.org)
Once symptoms of mitral stenosis begin to develop, progression to severe disability takes 9.2 ± 4.3 years. (wikipedia.org)
Since the normal left ventricular diastolic pressures is about 5 mmHg, a pressure gradient across the mitral valve of 20 mmHg due to severe mitral stenosis will cause a left atrial pressure of about 25 mmHg. (wikipedia.org)
In individuals with severe mitral stenosis, the left ventricular filling is dependent on the atrial kick. (wikipedia.org)
Chandrakanth (55 years) was diagnosed with Rheumatic Heart Disease, a severe mitral stenosis in Atrial Fibrillation. (mangalorean.com)
Dr. Marc Gerdisch: She had severe rheumatic disease of her mitral valve. (heart-valve-surgery.com)
For example, there's strong evidence that TAVR is a reasonable option instead of surgery for high-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis. (cardiosmart.org)
Very rarely, MR caused by severe mitral valve prolapse can lead to sudden death. (upmc.com)
After consideration by a heart valve team, TAVR is a reasonable alternative to surgical AVR for patients with severe, symptomatic aortic stenosis (stage D) and intermediate surgical risk (Class IIa, LOE B-R). (clinicaladvisor.com)
It is reasonable to choose chordal-sparing mitral valve replacement over reduction annuloplasty mitral valve repair in patients operated on for severe, symptomatic (New York Heart Association class III or IV) secondary MR (stage D) (Class IIa, LOE B-R). (clinicaladvisor.com)
Nonvalvular A-fib occurs in the absence of a mechanical heart valve or moderate to severe mitral stenosis. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The American Heart Association's (AHA) guidelines clarified that valvular A-fib refers to people with an artificial heart valve or moderate to severe mitral valve stenosis. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Mitral facies (pinkish-purple patches on the cheeks) indicate chronic severe mitral stenosis leading to reduced cardiac output and vasoconstriction. (medscape.com)

Left atrial appendage (LAA) is considered the "most lethal human appendage" as it causes significant mortality and morbidity in chronic rheumatic mitral stenosis patients due to cardiogenic cerebral infract. (banglajol.info)
Signs and symptoms of mitral stenosis include the following: Heart failure symptoms, such as dyspnea on exertion, orthopnea and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND) Palpitations Chest pain Hemoptysis Thromboembolism in later stages when the left atrial volume is increased (i.e., dilation). (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] When the mitral valve area goes less than 1 cm2, there will be an increase in the left atrial pressures (required to push blood through the stenotic valve). (wikipedia.org)
Subsequently, he underwent successful mitral valve repair with left atrial appendage ligation and modified maze procedure through minimal invasive approach from right side of the chest. (mangalorean.com)
The lack of any anatomical structure between the mitral valve base and the upper left pulmonary artery7 indicated complete surgical ligation of the left atrial appendage. (hcplive.com)
The benefits of obliteration of the left atrial appendage during mitral valve replacement surgery are still being debated, however. (hcplive.com)
Contrary to expectations, vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) reduced the risk for ischemic stroke and death compared with the factor Xa inhibitor rivaroxaban ( Xarelto, Janssen) in patients with rheumatic heart disease and atrial fibrillation, in the INVICTUS trial. (medscape.com)
VKA should remain the standard of care for patients with rheumatic heart disease and atrial fibrillation," he concluded in a hotline session at the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) 2022 Congress . (medscape.com)
The study, simultaneously published in the New England Journal of Medicine , is the first randomized controlled trial to assess anticoagulant therapy in patients with rheumatic heart disease and atrial fibrillation (AF). (medscape.com)
For example, blood thinners plus a vitamin K antagonist are recommended for patients with atrial fibrillation and rheumatic mitral stenosis. (cardiosmart.org)
In patients with atrial fibrillation and rheumatic mitral stenosis, anticoagulation with a vitamin K antagonist still is indicated (Class I, LOE B-NR). (clinicaladvisor.com)
Chest X-ray shows left atrial and ventricular enlargement, enlarged pulmonary arteries, and mitral valve calcification. (doctorlib.info)
Echocardiography reveals left atrial and ventricular enlargement, enlarged pulmonary arteries, and mitral valve calcification. (doctorlib.info)
During ventricular systole, the mitral valve closes and prevents backflow to the LA. The normal function of the mitral valve depends on its 6 components, which are (1) the left atrial wall, (2) the annulus, (3) the leaflets, (4) the chordae tendineae, (5) the papillary muscles, and (6) the left ventricular wall (see the image below). (medscape.com)
The mitral apparatus is composed of the left atrial wall, the annulus, the leaflets, the chordae tendineae, the papillary muscles, and the left ventricular wall. (medscape.com)
Long-term outcomes of radiofrequency catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in rheumatic heart disease patients with mild mitral stenosis. (cdc.gov)

Other causes include infective endocarditis where the vegetations may favor increase risk of stenosis. (wikipedia.org)
Valvular heart disease: morphology and pathogenesis of rheumatic heart disease, aortic stenosis, mitral valve prolapse, infective endocarditis, non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis. (unibo.it)
Very rare causes include bacterial endocarditis , blood clots, tumors, or other growths that block blood flow through the mitral valve. (epnet.com)

Uncommon causes of mitral stenosis are calcification of the mitral valve leaflets, and as a form of congenital heart disease. (wikipedia.org)
The surgeon grasps the mitral valve leaflets (flaps) where the valve leaks the most. (orlandohealth.com)
The mitral annulus is a fibrous ring that connects with the leaflets. (medscape.com)
Components of the mitral valve leaflets. (medscape.com)
The mitral valve only has two leaflets (Figure 2). (cdc.gov)
Narrowing of the passage through the MITRAL VALVE due to FIBROSIS, and CALCINOSIS in the leaflets and chordal areas. (bvsalud.org)

We retrospectively studied 242 patients who had previously had mitral valve replacement and who were referred for echocardiography at our institution. (hcplive.com)
Schlosshan D, Aggarwal G, Mathur G, Allan R, Cranney G. Real-Time 3D Transesophageal Echocardiography for the Evaluation of Rheumatic Mitral Stenosis. (nuffieldhealth.com)
Echocardiography is the most specific and sensitive method of diagnosing and quantifying the severity of mitral stenosis. (medscape.com)
With echocardiography, the size of the mitral valve orifice can be precisely quantified. (medscape.com)
Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography accurately predicts mitral valve anatomy and suitability for repair. (apil.ca)

Mitral stenosis is a valvular heart disease characterized by the narrowing of the opening of the mitral valve of the heart. (wikipedia.org)

citation needed] In individuals having been offered mitral valve surgery but refused, survival with medical therapy alone was 44 ± 6% at 5 years, and 32 ± 8% at 10 years after they were offered correction. (wikipedia.org)

It is almost always caused by rheumatic valvular heart disease. (wikipedia.org)
In 2017, there were 3,046 deaths due to rheumatic valvular heart disease and 24,811 deaths due to non-rheumatic valvular heart disease in the United States. (cdc.gov)

An 18-year-old girl, a known case of rheumatic mitral stenosis, presented with dyspnea and palpitations. (ijcdw.org)

Less commonly, there are some congenital heart defects which may affect the mitral valve and its function. (epnet.com)

Dr. Marc Gerdisch: In order to take care of her mitral valve, we replaced the mitral valve. (heart-valve-surgery.com)

There has been a gradual transition in the epidemiology of mitral stenosis (MS) in the Western world, with rheumatic disease in rapid decline and increasing recognition of degenerative mitral annular calcification (MAC)-related MS in the elderly. (philips.com)
This course will review the differences between Rheumatic mitral valve stenosis and mitral annular calcification. (philips.com)
Regardless of the etiology, calcification of the aortic valve leads to stenosis, inevitably resulting in a fixed obstruction to LV emptying. (medscape.com)

In normal cardiac physiology, the mitral valve opens during left ventricular diastole, to allow blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle. (wikipedia.org)

The following inflammatory and hemodynamic changes involving the cardiac valves insulted by the acute RF could result in long-standing rheumatic heart disease (RHD). (intechopen.com)
Rheumatic heart disease affects over 40 million people, mainly living in low- and low- to middle-income countries. (medscape.com)
Mild aortic stenosis and mixed aortic disease were excluded. (ijsr.net)
She had no risk factors for coronary artery disease in her medical history but it was learned that she had undergone a mitral valve replacement 2 years before because of rheumatic mitral stenosis and that no international normalized ratio (INR) analysis had been done in the last 6 months. (who.int)
One of the main causes of mitral valve stenosis is rheumatic heart disease . (www.nhs.uk)
Dr. Bagheri works at Practice in Glendale, CA. They frequently treat conditions like Rheumatic Tricuspid Disease, Shortness of Breath and Heart Palpitations along with other conditions at varying frequencies. (healthline.com)
Nearly 25,000 deaths in the U.S. each year are due to heart valve disease from causes other than rheumatic disease. (cdc.gov)
Rheumatic disease can happen after an infection from the bacteria that causes strep throat is not treated with antibiotics. (cdc.gov)
This is a patient who was admitted because of shortness of breath, and they have a history of rheumatic heart disease. (medscape.com)

The choice of procedure is based on many factors including the cause of the mitral stenosis (rheumatic or calcific), condition of the valve, risk of surgery, severity of symptoms, heart function, and availability of procedures. (stroke.org)
If you have mild mitral stenosis, your condition will need to be monitored, but you may not need immediate treatment for symptoms associated with mitral stenosis. (epnet.com)
Drugs may be prescribed to treat specific symptoms associated with mitral stenosis. (epnet.com)
Many people with a mitral valve prolapse do not have symptoms and it may only be spotted during a heart scan (echocardiogram) carried out for another reason. (www.nhs.uk)
Mitral valve stenosis may not have any symptoms. (www.nhs.uk)

myocardial infarction caused by a was totally occluded by a thrombus thrombus of a mechanical mitral valve. (who.int)
You can see the opening and closing of the mechanical aortic and the mechanical mitral valve because of the location of the continuous-wave Doppler going through both the aortic prosthesis and the "anterior" prosthesis of the mitral valve. (medscape.com)

MR, or mitral insufficiency, is one of the more common types of heart valve disorders. (upmc.com)
[ 1 ] This article summarizes basic gross anatomy, microscopic anatomy, and pathophysiologic variants of the mitral valve disorders. (medscape.com)

You have an active infection or mitral valve inflammation. (orlandohealth.com)

Special subgroups of patients might also benefit from BMV, including pregnant women, older patients with rigid valves, and those with mitral valve restenosis. (intechopen.com)
The mitral valve is almost always affected in clinically manifested patients, followed by the aortic and tricuspid valves. (intechopen.com)
Although most mitral stenosis is caused by RHD, it can also result from a calcium build up on the heart valves. (stroke.org)
The four valves in the mammalian heart are two atrioventricular valves separating the upper atria from the lower ventricles - the mitral valve in the left heart, and the tricuspid valve in the right heart. (wikipedia.org)
On the left are two standard 2D views (taken from the 3D dataset) showing tricuspid and mitral valves (above) and aortal valve (below). (wikipedia.org)
The atrioventricular valves are the mitral valve , and the tricuspid valve , which are situated between the atria and the ventricles , and prevent backflow from the ventricles into the atria during systole . (wikipedia.org)
But look at the valve clicks, and again, the valve clicks come when the mitral and aortic valves open and when they close. (medscape.com)

Mitral valve replacement -This is the surgical replacement of a defective heart valve. (epnet.com)

Clinical, hemodynamic and operative findings of 125 children, up to the age of 12 years, were analysed to determine if the severity of pulmonary venous and arterial hypertension correlated with the severity of rheumatic mitral stenosis. (nih.gov)

This course will review the comprehensive and systematic 2D, color Doppler, 3D, and 3D color Doppler TEE assessment of mitral valve structure and function. (philips.com)
You see a pulse Doppler through the mechanical mitral prosthesis. (medscape.com)
The continuous-wave Doppler for the mitral valve did not demonstrate any mitral gurgitation signal. (medscape.com)

This occurs when you're born with excess leaflet tissue, known as a "floppy mitral valve. (upmc.com)

Balloon valvuloplasty -A balloon device is inserted into the blocked mitral valve to open or enlarge the valve. (epnet.com)

The mitral valve, found between the heart's left upper and lower chambers, has two flaps. (upmc.com)
When the heart contracts, the mitral valve's two flaps open to let blood flow from the upper chamber to the lower one. (upmc.com)
Mitral valve prolapse causes one or both of the valve's two flaps are stretch or get too large. (upmc.com)
This could indicate a mitral valve prolapse , when one or both flaps of your mitral valve are too long. (healthline.com)
Over time, it can cause the flaps of the mitral valve to become hard and thick. (www.nhs.uk)

So we will compare LAA emptying velocity moderate versus severechronic rheumatic mitral stenosis patients in our population for further attention. (banglajol.info)
After a randomized trial showed no clinical benefit of mitral valve repair among patients with chronic, moderate ischemic MR undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting, the LOE was changed from C (consensus) to B-R (moderate quality evidence from ≥1 randomized controlled trial [RCT] or meta-analyses of moderate-quality RCT) for the Class IIb recommendation for mitral valve repair in this population. (clinicaladvisor.com)

Patients and methods A total of 125 patients (84 women and 41 men, mean age 39.79.6 years) with mild AR at the time of mitral valve surgery were followed for a mean period of 8.425.8 years. (ijsr.net)
Conclusion Our findings showed that concomitant mild AR after mitral valve surgery rarely progressed to significant AR over a long follow-up period. (ijsr.net)

Early diagnosis of mitral stenosis in pregnancy is very important as the heart cannot tolerate increased cardiac output demand as in the case of exercise and pregnancy. (wikipedia.org)
As the stenosis progresses, patients are unable to increase stroke volume, and as a result, they are unable to increase cardiac output so as to compensate for increases in myocardial oxygen demand. (medscape.com)

The normal area of the mitral valve orifice is about 4 to 6 cm2. (wikipedia.org)

The mitral valve can usually be repaired or replaced with surgery, or a minimally invasive procedure. (stroke.org)
This can be done using a balloon (percutaneous mitral balloon commissurotomy or PMBC) or surgery. (stroke.org)
He was suggested to undergo Mitral Valve Replacement surgery in 2007. (mangalorean.com)
P = .03) were shown to be independent predictors of the occurrence of an embolic event after mitral valve replacement surgery on multivariate analysis (Table 2). (hcplive.com)
40 mm [stage C1]), mitral valve surgery is reasonable in the setting of serial imaging studies that reveal a progressive increase in LV size or decrease in LVEF (Class IIa, LOE C-LD). (clinicaladvisor.com)
In some cases, mitral valve surgery may be needed. (www.nhs.uk)

Harken et al have described the mitral valve as a continuous veil inserted around the circumference of the mitral orifice. (medscape.com)

Congenital mitral stenosis can also occur. (medscape.com)

The mitral valve, also called the bicuspid valve, allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle. (cdc.gov)

Anatomy5

Organisms2

Diseases19

Chemicals and Drugs2

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment11

Phenomena and Processes2

Information Science1

Regurgitation25

Fever39

Severe16

Atrial16

Endocarditis3

Leaflets6

Echocardiography5

Opening of the mitral valve1

Offered mitral valve1

Valvular2

Dyspnea1

Affect the mitral valve1

Replaced the mitral valve1

Calcification3

Left ventricular1

Disease9

Symptoms5

Mechanical mitral valve2

Disorders2

Infection1

Valves7

Heart Valve1

Pulmonary1

Doppler3

Floppy mitral1

Balloon valvuloplasty1

Flaps5

Moderate2

Mild2

Cardiac output2

Valve orifice1

Surgery6

Orifice1

Occur1

Bicuspid valve1