• Clinical situations associated with myocardial stunning include: acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with early reperfusion unstable angina after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) after cardiac surgery 'neurogenic' stunned myocardium following an acute cerebrovascular event such as a subarachnoid hemorrhage in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis, chronic myocardial stunning may lead to heart failure Myocardial stunning has been implicated in the development of Takotsubo (Stress) cardiomyopathy. (wikipedia.org)
  • When ischemia is severe and prolonged, it causes myocyte death and results in loss of contractile function and tissue infarction. (medscape.com)
  • Schematic representation of infarction (cell death), chronic ischemia with contractile dysfunction (hibernating myocardium), and transient ischemia (stunned myocardium) with restored blood flow with transient contractile dysfunction. (medscape.com)
  • Patient with an acute anterolateral myocardial infarction who developed cardiogenic shock. (medscape.com)
  • Stress cardiomyopathy, also known as "stunned myocardial syndrome" is a ventricular dysfunction that simulates an acute myocardial infarction, but without evidence of obstructive coronary artery disease or atheromatous plaque rupture. (revistasmedicas.org)
  • 40-55%) are higher than the mortality rates due to ICU-related myocardial infarction (20%), sepsis without AKI (15-25%), or acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring mechanical ventilation (30-40%) [ 1 ]. (beds.ac.uk)
  • Myocardial ischemia, and even myocardial infarction, can occur without pain or any other symptoms. (disabilitylawyeratlanta.com)
  • Late cardiovascular complications such as myocardial infarction and structural heart defects were observed in childhood cancer survivors treated at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. (oaepublish.com)
  • Idiopathic ventricular fibrillation occurs with a reputed incidence of approximately 1% of all cases of out-of-hospital arrest, as well as 3-9% of the cases of ventricular fibrillation unrelated to myocardial infarction , and 14% of all ventricular fibrillation resuscitations in patients under the age of 40. (mdwiki.org)
  • Myocardial stunning or transient post-ischemic myocardial dysfunction is a state of mechanical cardiac dysfunction that can occur in a portion of myocardium without necrosis after a brief interruption in perfusion, despite the timely restoration of normal coronary blood flow. (wikipedia.org)
  • After total ischemia occurs, the myocardium switches immediately from aerobic glycolysis to anaerobic glycolysis resulting in the reduced ability to produce high energy phosphates such as ATP and Creatinine Phosphate. (wikipedia.org)
  • The diagnosis of myocardial stunning must also be differentiated from other conditions such as hibernating myocardium and persistent (silent) subendocardial ischemia, which can also co-exist with superimposed stunning. (wikipedia.org)
  • Stunned and Hibernating Myocardium: Where are we nearly 4 decades later? (wikipedia.org)
  • Stunned myocardium is myocardium that suffers transient reversible myocardial contractile dysfunction that is caused by acute ischemia during which the blood supply is almost completely restored by reperfusion, with no metabolic deterioration. (medscape.com)
  • The term hibernating myocardium is also used to indicate chronic myocardial contractile dysfunction due to ischemia, in which there is reduced coronary blood flow at rest and increased myocardial demand results in impaired contractility. (medscape.com)
  • Rahimtoola suggested that hibernating myocardium is characterized by a state of persistently impaired myocardial and LV function at rest due to reduced coronary blood flow that can be partially or completely restored to normal by improving blood flow or by reducing oxygen demand (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • Clinically, discerning the etiology of depressed myocardial contractile function is difficult, whether due to stunned myocardium, silent ischemia, or hibernating myocardium. (medscape.com)
  • Temporal and spatial variations in structural protein expression during the progression from stunned to hibernating myocardium. (smw.ch)
  • Hibernating myocardium: an incomplete adaptation to ischemia. (smw.ch)
  • Revascularization of chronic hibernating myocardium stimulates myocyte proliferation and partially reverses chronic adaptations to ischemia. (smw.ch)
  • Furthermore, glycolysis is one of the important conversions during early ischemia in myocardium. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Objectives We assessed the effect of administration time for fasudil treatment of the stunned myocardium in 40 anesthetized open chest swine. (chk-signal.com)
  • n\nMaterials and methods All swine were subjected to 12 min ischemia followed by reperfusion to generate stunned myocardium. (chk-signal.com)
  • Stress-rest 82 Rb myocardial perfusion PET images show moderate to severe reduction in tracer uptake to the mid/basal septum and inferior wall myocardium at peak stress which nearly normalizes at rest. (siemens-healthineers.com)
  • however, they sometimes tunnel intramurally through the myocardium in an anatomic variant known as myocardial bridging (MB). (ecrjournal.com)
  • Several imaging modalities have been proposed for accurate assessment of myocardial necrosis, viability, stunning, and hibernation, with mixed results. (medscape.com)
  • Imaging techniques such as echocardiography, ventriculography, and nuclear imaging can be used to detect a contractile dysfunction following reperfusion after an episode of ischemia. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some evidence supports the use of inotropic drugs in the case of severe myocardial dysfunction. (wikipedia.org)
  • Finding all 3 entities in the same patient with chronic myocardial dysfunction is not uncommon (see the image above). (medscape.com)
  • Myocardial stunning is a postischemic reversible contractile dysfunction of the heart. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction: pathophysiology and management. (revistasmedicas.org)
  • Stress cardiomyopathy is a reversible cause of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction [1]. (scirp.org)
  • The incidence of myocardial dysfunction after cardiac surgery is 3-5 %, and most patients can be managed using inotropes or intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Noninvasive assessment myocardial viability: current status and future directions. (smw.ch)
  • Myocardial stunning was first described in laboratory canine experiments in the 1970s where LV wall abnormalities were observed following coronary artery occlusion and subsequent reperfusion. (wikipedia.org)
  • 8] Akashi YJ, Goldstein DS, Barbaro G, Ueyama T. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy: a new form of acute, reversible heart failure. (revistasmedicas.org)
  • The concomitant presence of myocardial necrosis with myocardial ischemia, stunning, or hibernation may complicate appraisal of left ventricular (LV) function and patient management. (medscape.com)
  • Persistent stunning induces myocardial hibernation and protection: flow/function and metabolic mechanisms. (smw.ch)
  • Known specific markers for blood tests including CK-MB, cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) are released after the onset of significant necrosis instead of early ischemia. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Thus, they are not good biomarkers to diagnose myocardial injury before necrosis happens. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Reasonably specific markers for blood tests including creatine kinase muscle/brain isoform (CK-MB), cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) are released after the onset of significant necrosis instead of early ischemia, and they all require a level of myocardial necrosis to prompt their release from myocytes before they can be detected. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 9 The theory that a decrease in compliance and an increase in fibrosis is associated with the discovery of a higher incidence of MB, is supported by other studies in which there was a higher incidence of MB in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), the hallmark of which is the development of myocardial fibrosis. (ecrjournal.com)
  • Left ventricular wall segment motion after ultra-endurance exercise in humans assessed by myocardial speckle tracking. (ljmu.ac.uk)
  • The generation of oxygen-derived [free radicals] during the initial period of reperfusion after ischemia is believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of myocardial stunning. (wikipedia.org)
  • We hypothesized that overexpression of calpastatin, an endogenous calpain inhibitor, would attenuate the ischemia/reperfusion injury in the heart. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of calpastatin could be a novel biological storage to improve heart transplantation by minimizing ischemia/reperfusion injury. (nii.ac.jp)
  • dependent cytosolic cystein protease, is as an important key protease involved in the ischemic reperfusion injury such as cardiac stunning. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Short periods of myocardial ischemia are often associated with incomplete recovery of contractile function during reperfusion, despite complete preservation of cellular integrity. (silverchair.com)
  • Group A (n=11) received saline in place of fasudil both before ischemia and after reperfusion. (chk-signal.com)
  • Group B (n=10) received 30 min intravenous fasudil at a rate of 13 mu g/kg/min starting 45 min before ischemia and received saline after reperfusion. (chk-signal.com)
  • Groups buy DZNeP C (n=10) and D (n=9) received saline before ischemia, and received fasudil at a rate of 13 mu g kg(-1)min(-1) starting just before reperfusion in group C and 30 min after reperfusion in group D. In both groups, treatment lasted 30 min. (chk-signal.com)
  • In cases of less severe ischemia, some myocytes remain viable but have depressed contractile function. (medscape.com)
  • Accurate detection of regional myocardial blood flow and contraction function abnormalities must be detected at levels of high sensitivity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Other problems, including cardiac abnormalities such as balanced ischemia and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, are more properly classified as interpretation pitfalls. (snmjournals.org)
  • Myocardial contractility was assessed by percent segment shortening (% SS). (chk-signal.com)
  • When ischemia is prolonged, myocytes have depressed contractile function but remain viable. (medscape.com)
  • Those biomarkers are impossible to be detected at early stage of ischemia and the diagnosis of IHD is often ambiguous. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Recovery of myocardial contractile function after spontaneous restoration of flow may be protracted similarly after angioplasty or revascularization surgery. (medscape.com)
  • Results from canine experimental trials investigating the oxygen free-radical hypothesis for myocardial stunning have shown a reduction in free radical generation and improvement in myocardial function following anti-oxidant infusion. (wikipedia.org)
  • This concept of an adaptive process that shuts down the contractile process and decreases myocardial oxygen demand in the presence of chronically or intermittently reduced blood flow has generated considerable interest in clinical and experimental settings. (medscape.com)
  • Myocardial ischemia is a clinical syndrome manifesting a variety of tissue effects and global cardiac effects that impair cardiac function. (medscape.com)
  • Myocardial ischemia--metabolic pathways and implications of increased glycolysis. (smw.ch)
  • In this situation, even after ischemia has been relieved (by for instance angioplasty or coronary artery bypass surgery) and myocardial blood flow (MBF) returns to normal, myocardial function is still depressed for a variable period of time, usually days to weeks. (wikipedia.org)
  • Treatment considerations for myocardial stunning should be determined based on the clinical judgment of the cardiologist or physician, the degree of LV impairment and symptoms, and the wishes of the person. (wikipedia.org)
  • Episodes of tachycardia can cause a dynamic obstruction that extends into diastole, compromising coronary filling time, and subsequently leading to ischaemia. (ecrjournal.com)
  • Regional myocardial function and electrophysiological alteration after coronary artery occlusion. (medscape.com)
  • Myocardial bridging occurs when coronary arteries run intramurally. (ecrjournal.com)
  • Myocardial blood flow (MBF) was estimated by measuring first transit counts in pulmonary artery and myocardial counts from tomograhic images. (cnr.it)
  • The functional recovery from 30-min global ischemia was studied in the isolated hearts perfused in-vitro. (nii.ac.jp)
  • After global ischemia for 0 min, 30 min and 60 min at 4°C, effluents from five perfused hearts were analyzed respectively, by High performance liquid chromatography-Chip-Mass spectrometry (HPLC-Chip-MS) system. (biomedcentral.com)
  • DCM is a cardiac pathological condition in patients with DM characterized by the appearance of aberrant myocardial morphology and cardiac functions in the truancy of other factors, such as coronary artery disease, hypertension, and prominent valvular disease [ 3 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • L'objectif de ce travail était de décrire le profi l des manifestations cardiovasculaires chez les patients vivants avec le VIH en le comparant à celui de patients séronégatifs. (bvsalud.org)
  • At this point, the lack of the energy and lactate accumulation results in cessation of contraction within 60 seconds of ischemia (i.e. (wikipedia.org)