Reveals that nuclear nuclear localization sequence nuclear localization signals. Medical search. Frequent questions

Systematic subcellular localization of novel proteins identified by large-scale cDNA sequencing. (nih.gov)
The CmNAC1-GFP fusion protein was transiently expressed in tobacco leaves for subcellular localization analysis, and we found that CmNAC1 is localized in the nucleus. (frontiersin.org)
The subcellular localization of OsGAI in vivo shows that OsGAI-GFP fusion protein locates in the nucleus concerned with a nuclear localization signal (NLS) [2] . (ic4r.org)

Different nuclear localized proteins may share the same NLS. (wikipedia.org)
An NLS has the opposite function of a nuclear export signal (NES), which targets proteins out of the nucleus. (wikipedia.org)
A signal that appears to be specific for the massively produced and transported ribosomal proteins, seems to come with a specialized set of importin β-like nuclear import receptors. (wikipedia.org)
The first direct experimental examination of the ability of nuclear proteins to accumulate in the nucleus was carried out by John Gurdon when he showed that purified nuclear proteins accumulate in the nucleus of frog (Xenopus) oocytes after being micro-injected into the cytoplasm. (wikipedia.org)
The presence of several million pore complexes in the oocyte nuclear membrane and the fact that they appeared to admit many different molecules (insulin, bovine serum albumin, gold nanoparticles) led to the view that the pores are open channels and nuclear proteins freely enter the nucleus through the pore and must accumulate by binding to DNA or some other nuclear component. (wikipedia.org)
In fact, only a small percentage of cellular (non-viral) nuclear proteins contained a sequence similar to the SV40 NLS. (wikipedia.org)
Extensive evidence has revealed that the core clock machinery involves "clock genes" and "clock proteins" functioning as molecular cogs. (bioone.org)
If the nuclear exclusion of truncated BRCA2 proteins is also observed in primary tumour samples, then individuals with truncating mutations in BRCA2 could be screened by immunostaining. (biomedcentral.com)
Protein structure analyses revealed that most deduced CBF proteins contain an AP2 DNA-binding domain flanked by a putative nuclear localization signal and DS motifs (CBF signature sequences), two motifs in their activation domains (A and P), and an LWSY motif at their C-terminus. (uoguelph.ca)
3 WT1 is also overexpressed and mutated in AML, in which it confers inferior survival, 4 , 5 yet the interplay between these two signaling proteins has not been examined previously within a hematopoietic context. (haematologica.org)
Phylogenetic analysis reveals that the 16 OsS40 proteins are classified into five groups, and 4 of the 16 members belong to group I to which also the HvS40 and AtS40-3 is assigned. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, three OsS40 proteins were identified as nuclear located proteins by transient protoplast transformation assay. (biomedcentral.com)
The SUN proteins (SAD1, UNC-84) sit across the inner nuclear membrane and connect to structures in the nucleus, such as chromatin and the nuclear lamina, and the KASH proteins (Klarsicht, ANC-1, Syne Homology) span across the outer nuclear membrane and interact with proteins in the cytoskeleton. (elifesciences.org)
It consists of five small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (snRNPs) and over 200 additional proteins (Wahl et al. (biomedigs.org)
2012). The main families of these SFs are the Ser/Arg-rich (SR) proteins and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle (hnRNP) proteins. (biomedigs.org)
These proteins bind specific sequences in the pre-mRNA called intronic or exonic splicing enhancer or LY404039 suppressor sequences. (biomedigs.org)
Splice site selection will reflect the relative occupation of these sequences and LY404039 interactions among different proteins on a pre-mRNA (Witten and Ule, 2011). (biomedigs.org)
Clearly, differences in the abundance, localization, and activity of proteins in different cells or in cells experiencing different internal or external cues will affect the splicing outcomes. (biomedigs.org)
For example, in both animals and plants, many SFs/RNA binding proteins (RBPs) and some core spliceosomal components themselves undergo AS in response to signals and even control their own levels and those of other SFs via AS (Kalyna et al. (biomedigs.org)
Proteomic analyses reveal lower expression of TEX40 and ATP6V0A2 proteins related to calcium ion entry and acrosomal acidification in asthenozoospermic males. (nih.gov)
Furthermore, GSOs protected cells against GLU-induced apoptosis by reducing the expression of the mitochondrial apoptosis-associated Bcl-2 family effector proteins and protected cells from GLU-induced oxidative damage by increasing the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and HO-1 expression. (sdbonline.org)
The three proteins were also shown to reside in isolated nuclei showing for the first time that CaM is nuclear in Dictyostelium . (utoronto.ca)

Heat shock can trigger several signaling pathways known to protect cells against cellular insults. (uw.edu)
Our results indicated that CmNAC1 is a critical factor in ABA signaling pathways and it can be utilized in transgenic breeding to improve the abiotic stress tolerance of crops. (frontiersin.org)
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), generated as consequence of oxidative metabolism, activate signal transduction pathways, which contribute to cellular homeostasis [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Lyn, a tyrosine kinase that is activated by double-stranded DNA-damaging agents, is involved in various signaling pathways, such as proliferation, apoptosis, and DNA repair. (bmbreports.org)

The study of mutant indicates that SLR1 is a negative regulator in GA signaling pathway, and overexpressing SLR1 gene in transgenic rice plants cause dwarf phenotype [1] . (ic4r.org)
The GA signaling pathway (from reference [7] ). (ic4r.org)

A nuclear localization signal or sequence (NLS) is an amino acid sequence that 'tags' a protein for import into the cell nucleus by nuclear transport. (wikipedia.org)
BRCA2 is localised to the nucleus and the functions ascribed to it are nuclear functions. (biomedcentral.com)
Experiments in C. elegans reveal new insights into how the ANC-1 protein helps to anchor the nucleus and other organelles in place. (elifesciences.org)
For example, mis-localization of the cell's largest organelle, the nucleus, has been observed in neuromuscular diseases, such as Emery-Dreyfuss muscular dystrophy ( Luxton and Starr, 2014 ). (elifesciences.org)
A new study in the field of biophysics has revealed how large molecules are able to enter the nucleus of a cell. (uni-mainz.de)
A typical mammalian cell has about 2,000 nuclear pores, which act as passageways from the cell cytoplasm into the cell nucleus and vice versa. (uni-mainz.de)
Molecules that have certain nuclear localization sequences on their surface can bind to structures within nuclear pores, allowing them to enter into the nucleus rapidly. (uni-mainz.de)
Capsid models without nuclear localization signals on their surface remained in the cell cytoplasm and did not enter the cell nucleus. (uni-mainz.de)
As the number of nuclear localization signals increased, the accumulation of the model capsid in the nucleus became more efficient. (uni-mainz.de)
But even more interestingly, the researchers found that the larger the capsid, the greater was the number of nuclear localization signals needed to enable efficient transport into the nucleus. (uni-mainz.de)
But even increasing the number of nuclear localization signals to 240 did not result in the transport of this capsid into the nucleus. (uni-mainz.de)
This corresponds with the results of earlier studies of the hepatitis B virus that have indicated that only the mature infectious virus is capable of passage through a nuclear pore into the nucleus. (uni-mainz.de)

The major structural differences between the two are that the two basic amino acid clusters in bipartite NLSs are separated by a relatively short spacer sequence (hence bipartite - 2 parts), while monopartite NLSs are not. (wikipedia.org)
proposed the consensus sequence K-K/R-X-K/R for monopartite NLSs. (wikipedia.org)
compared the nuclear localization efficiencies of eGFP fused NLSs of SV40 Large T-Antigen, nucleoplasmin (AVKRPAATKKAGQAKKKKLD), EGL-13 (MSRRRKANPTKLSENAKKLAKEVEN), c-Myc (PAAKRVKLD) and TUS-protein (KLKIKRPVK) through rapid intracellular protein delivery. (wikipedia.org)
This study identifies two nuclear localisation signals (NLSs) within BRCA2 and makes the important observation that they are downstream of all known cancer-associated truncating mutations in BRCA2 . (biomedcentral.com)
Sequence analysis of BRCA2 revealed the presence of four potential nuclear localisation signals (NLSs), three near the C terminus. (biomedcentral.com)
RAD51, a nuclear protein, has been shown to interact with the 6174delT form of BRCA2, which lacks the NLSs and is localised to the cytoplasm. (biomedcentral.com)

The complete 2.3-kb nucleotide sequence of the cDNA was found to contain an open reading frame that could encode a protein of 731 amino acids. (elsevierpure.com)
Except for the consensus motifs, neither nucleotide sequence, nor the predicted amino acid sequence of the Ngp-1 cDNA showed the slightest homology to any vertebrate gene product sequence listed in the databases. (elsevierpure.com)
However, it is difficult to capture the complexity of transcript isoform variance using these libraries, and large cDNA sequences are often difficult to clone into size-limited viral expression vectors. (cdc.gov)

Conversely, actin signaling regulates neuronal SRF-mediated gene expression. (jneurosci.org)
CatSperζ regulates the structural continuity of sperm Ca(2+) signaling domains and is required for normal fertility. (nih.gov)
Furthermore, RT-qPCR analyses revealed that ZmHsf08 negatively regulates a number of stress/ABA-responsive genes under salt and drought stress conditions. (grassius.org)
Nucleomorphin: A novel, acidic, nuclear calmodulin-binding protein from Dictyostelium that regulates nuclear number. (utoronto.ca)
Dictyostelium calcium-binding protein 4a interacts with Nucleomorphin, a BRCT-domain protein that regulates nuclear number. (utoronto.ca)

Comparative analyses of its 38.5-megabase genome, which encodes 13,210 predicted genes, reveal the species's unique wood-degrading machinery. (nature.com)
PB2 genes (viral ribonucleoproteins [RNPs]) and are most- encoded protein sequences have not been extensively ly located in the functional domains related to RNP-RNP reported. (cdc.gov)
This model of how nuclear positioning works is primarily based on experiments in Caenorhabditis elegans worms with mutations in the genes for either the UNC-84 or ANC-1 protein ( Starr and Fridolfsson, 2010 ). (elifesciences.org)
According to the model, if the nuclei in hyp-7 cells are exclusively anchored via the SUN-KASH bridge, then loss of the genes for UNC-84 or ANC-1 should have an identical effect and result in the same amount of nuclear clustering. (elifesciences.org)
INTRODUCTION With the discovery of intervening sequences in eukaryotic genes by Philip Sharp and colleagues, it became apparent that removal of introns through splicing of pre-mRNAs is a key step in eukaryotic gene expression (Berget et al. (biomedigs.org)
We employed a chromatin state segmentation approach, on nucleosomes and histone marks, which revealed genes with active, repressive, and bivalent chromatin states. (uni-frankfurt.de)
Our analysis revealed subsets of genes, whose expression is positively associated with H3K27me3, different to the otherwise reported negative association with gene expression in many other organisms. (uni-frankfurt.de)
2020). Another study identified 31 non-redundant ZmHSF genes in the maize reference genome by Single Molecule Real Time (SMRT) sequencing (Zhang et al. (grassius.org)

Therefore, to capture the heterogeneity of the HEV quasispecies, including recombination events and SNP that occur with very low frequencies, we developed new sequencing approaches for HEV genotype 3 based on the amplification of the near full-length genome of HEV by long-range PCR (lrPCR) followed by subsequent next-generation sequencing (NGS) and third-generation sequencing. (nature.com)
Recent analyses of the whole genome sequencing data enable us to predict cancer incidence for healthy people at present. (intechopen.com)
Recent genome-wide association studies reveal that the FAM13A gene is associated with human lung function and a variety of lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, lung cancer, and pulmonary fibrosis. (illinois.edu)
These are as follows: sustained proliferative signalling, cell death resistance, replicative immortality, genome instability and increased mutations, tumour-promoted inflammation, insensibility to growth repressors, deregulation of cellular energetics, evasion of immune destruction, induction of metastasis, and promotion of angiogenesis. (hindawi.com)
We present a detailed sequence analysis of the 10 formins (ForA to J) identified in the genome of the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum . (biomedcentral.com)

In human, AEG-1 represents a protein of 582 amino acids, and the amino acid sequences are highly conserved across vertebrates. (biomedcentral.com)

The amino-terminal part of TDP-43 includes a DIX (dishevelled and axin) domain, a nuclear localization signal, and tandem RNA-recognition motifs (RRMs). (lafurnitura.com)
1977). Splicing removes intronic sequences defined by short conserved sequence motifs (the 5 and 3splice sites) to join the neighboring exons and generate an uninterrupted open reading frame (ORF) for translation. (biomedigs.org)
The predicted amino acid sequence contains a high concentration of charged amino acids in the carboxy terminal quarter of the molecule, three guanosine 5′-triphosphate (GTP)-binding protein motifs, and a consensus nuclear localization signal. (elsevierpure.com)
The C domain, the central DNA-binding domain (DBD), contains two highly conserved zinc finger motifs that are characteristic of the nuclear receptor superfamily (NRs). (biomedcentral.com)

In line with a more complex picture, multiple isoforms of the protein likely exist and non-centrosomal sites of localisation have been reported. (springer.com)
Here we analyzed neuronal actin signaling by a novel approach using actin mutant isoforms known to favor or preclude actin polymerization. (jneurosci.org)

Immunofluorescence of 293T cells, transfected with plasmids expressing GFP-tagged BRCA2 fragments, suggests that the C terminus of BRCA2 is responsible for nuclear translocation. (biomedcentral.com)
Moreover, KPNA2 mediated the nuclear translocation of CREB3L1, thus allowing it to activate downstream ECM signaling. (biomedcentral.com)

A nuclear/nucleolar localization sequence was also revealed (48KKSYQDPEIIAHSRPRK64) that includes both a putative bipartite and classical NLS. (utoronto.ca)

Our results reveal a new role for LRFN2 in tumor immune evasion by regulating chemokine secretion and inhibiting CD8+ T-cell recruitment and functional transition. (bvsalud.org)
In the early research, using bulk RNA sequencing of tumor samples from 7 PPGL patients, we found that PPGL tumor tissues exhibited high PD-L1 mRNA expression compared with adjacent normal adrenal medulla tissues, and this was related to T-cell exhaustion biomarkers. (bvsalud.org)
These results demonstrate that CREB3L1 maintains the CAF - like property of ATC cells by activating the ECM signaling, which remodels the tumor stromal microenvironment and drives the malignancy of ATC. (biomedcentral.com)

High-throughput sequencing for transcript profiling in plants has revealed that alternative splicing (AS) affects a much higher proportion of the transcriptome than was previously assumed. (biomedigs.org)

In contrast to previous results, however, an upstream cryptic 5' splice site is activated when the wild-type myosin intron is tested in a human HeLa cell nuclear extract, resulting in the removal of a 98 nucleotide intron. (umd.edu)

In addition to regulating cytoskeletal dynamics in the cytoplasm, actin modulates nuclear gene expression. (jneurosci.org)
We present a hitherto unappreciated cross talk of actin signaling with gene expression governing neuronal motility. (jneurosci.org)
In addition to regulation of cytoplasmic cytoskeletal dynamics, a little appreciated property of actin signaling is modulation of gene expression so far only reported for non-neuronal cells. (jneurosci.org)
3. Translational research - to identify predictive biomarkers for treatment decision - by immunohistochemistry, gene expression or sequencing. (lu.se)

Rev interacts with Crm1 through a leucine-rich nuclear export signal located in its C-terminus, and with RRE through an Arginine rich motif (ARM) located in the N-terminal region. (nih.gov)

Western blots of fractions of Capan-1 cells revealed that the endogenous 6174delT BRCA2 protein is also localised to the cytoplasm. (biomedcentral.com)

In previously published studies, the intracellular localization of AEG-1 appeared to be variable and depend on the cell types examined and the imaging techniques employed. (biomedcentral.com)

Western blots of nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions of BRCA2 mutant cells. (biomedcentral.com)
BRCA2 nuclear localization and export sequences are listed. (frontiersin.org)

It mainly resides in nuclear ribonucleoprotein granules but also undergoes nucleocytoplasmic shuttling to participate in cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granules10. (lafurnitura.com)

However, a functional NLS could not be identified in another nuclear protein simply on the basis of similarity to the SV40 NLS. (wikipedia.org)
Functional analysis of the complex via mutational analysis combined with RNA-binding assays and cell-based frameshifting reporter assays reveal a number of key residues within nsp1β and PCBP2 that are involved in complex formation and function. (uleth.ca)
METHODS: Here we combined bulk RNA sequencing, single-cell RNA sequencing, ProcartaPlex multiple immunoassays, functional experiments, and TissueFAXS panoramic tissue quantification assays to demonstrate that LRFN2 shapes a non-inflammatory TME in BLCA. (bvsalud.org)
Four functional Nucleolar Localization Sequences (NoLS) rich in basic residues (e.g. (utoronto.ca)

We subse- the mechanism of influenza viral infection and replication quently used 15,785 protein sequences from the National in different host species. (cdc.gov)
To gain in-depth insights into the viral population and to perform detailed characterization of viral genomes, we used a new approach combining long-range PCR with next-generation and third-generation sequencing which allowed near full-length sequencing of HEV-3 genomes. (nature.com)
Immunofluorescence studies of virally infected cells revealed that UL15 was necessary for the localisation of the remaining terminase components (UL28 and UL33) to nuclear sites of viral DNA replication, where packaging occurs. (gla.ac.uk)

A new HIV-1 Rev structure optimizes interaction with target RNA (RRE) for nuclear export. (nih.gov)
As shown in Figure 1F-H, the b-catenin:WT1 interaction remained in K562, HEL and KG-1 cells under both basal (DMSO) and stimulated (CHIR99021) Wnt signaling. (haematologica.org)
The N-terminal region of SLR1 has two roles in GA signaling: interaction with GID1 and transactivation activity, and the suppressive function of the rice DELLA protein SLR1 is dependent on its transcriptional activation activity [7] . (ic4r.org)
This interaction requires residues found in the DEED sequence. (utoronto.ca)

Although all sixteen mutants appeared to interact with UL28 in co-immunoprecipitation experiments, four of the insertion mutants were defective in co-localisation with UL28 in immunofluorescence assays. (gla.ac.uk)

Maps also chart the connectivity between these molecules, elucidating the circuits and signaling processes that give rise to function. (stanford.edu)
They have also demonstrated that the efficiency of transport into a cell decreases as the size of the molecules increases and how corresponding signals on the surface can compensate for this. (uni-mainz.de)
These pores in the nuclear envelope act as gatekeepers that control access and deny entry to larger molecules of around five nanometers in diameter and greater. (uni-mainz.de)
MW) chemicals interact with host cells and molecules and In our daily life, we are confronted with a plethora of natural influence biologic processes such as signal transduction. (cdc.gov)

The presence of the nuclear membrane that sequesters the cellular DNA is the defining feature of eukaryotic cells. (wikipedia.org)

Transactivation assay in yeast cells revealed that CmNAC1 functions as a transcription activator, and its transactivation domain is located in the C-terminus. (frontiersin.org)

They found significantly higher nuclear localization efficiency of c-Myc NLS compared to that of SV40 NLS. (wikipedia.org)
In a PCR array analysis of 84 transcription factors, either overexpressing DEFB1 or siRNA silencing of DEFB1 expression significantly modulated the expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). (cdc.gov)

A Chelsky sequence may, therefore, be part of the downstream basic cluster of a bipartite NLS. (wikipedia.org)

The NLS of nucleoplasmin, KR[PAATKKAGQA]KKKK, is the prototype of the ubiquitous bipartite signal: two clusters of basic amino acids, separated by a spacer of about 10 amino acids. (wikipedia.org)

Single - cell RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that CREB3L1 expression gradually increased during the neoplastic progression of a thyroid follicular epithelial cell to an ATC cell, accompanied by the activation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) signaling. (biomedcentral.com)

b-Catenin is the central mediator of Wnt signaling and is frequently overexpressed in AML in which it is associated with poor prognosis. (haematologica.org)

There are many other types of NLS, such as the acidic M9 domain of hnRNP A1, the sequence KIPIK in yeast transcription repressor Matα2, and the complex signals of U snRNPs. (wikipedia.org)

2 Protein interactions are critical to the stability, localization and activity of b-catenin, and we recently performed the first proteomic analyses of the b-catenin interactome in myeloid cells. (haematologica.org)

Sequencing and analysis of 'CBF/DREB1' coding region fragments from Vitaceae species showed that the Vitaceae also contains these two 'CBF/DREB1' types. (uoguelph.ca)

Employing these actin mutants, we uncovered a function for actin signaling in growth-cone motility modulated by ephrin-A guidance cues. (jneurosci.org)

Recent high-impact research has shown the genomic/genetic differences between cancer and normal cells using methods such as next-generation sequencing [ 1 , 2 ]. (intechopen.com)

The nuclear membrane, therefore, separates the nuclear processes of DNA replication and RNA transcription from the cytoplasmic process of protein production. (wikipedia.org)

a GSK3b inhibitor), and naturally activated (with recom-binant rWNT3A) Wnt signaling conditions ( Figure 1C ). (haematologica.org)

Sequences analyses reveal that SLR1 contains a valine (polyS/T/V), a DELLA box, a TVHYNP region, a nuclear localization signal (NLS), a leucine heptad repeat (LZ) and the VHIID motif in N-terminal and the PFYRE motif and the SAW motif in C-terminal [1] . (ic4r.org)
In addition, function domain analyses reveal that the SLR1 protein can be divided into four parts: a regulatory domain for its repression activity, a dimer formation domain essential for signal perception and repression activity, and a repression domain at the C terminus, a GA signal perception domain located at the N terminus [1] . (ic4r.org)

Similar experiments revealed that, in the absence of UL6, none of the terminase components localised to replication compartments (RCs), suggesting that UL6 might be required for retaining the terminase at sites of DNA packaging. (gla.ac.uk)

Thus, herein we provide first evidence that neuronal motility not only depends on cytoplasmic actin dynamics but also on the availability of actin to modulate nuclear functions such as gene transcription. (jneurosci.org)

These experiments were part of a series that subsequently led to studies of nuclear reprogramming, directly relevant to stem cell research. (wikipedia.org)
But if this is not possible, oxidative stress finally activates signals that will lead to cell death. (hindawi.com)
We present single cell RNA sequence data from 1.3m peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 982 healthy human subjects. (iscb.org)
Immunohistochemical analysis of tissue sections with affinity-purified antiserum raised against a recombinant Ngp-1 protein revealed that the antigen was exclusively localized to the nucleolus and nucleolar organizer regions in all cell types analyzed. (elsevierpure.com)

Sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis showed striking conservations among insect ecdysone receptors, especially between P. xylostella and other lepidopterans. (biomedcentral.com)

Using a protein called nucleoplasmin, the archetypal 'molecular chaperone', they identified a domain in the protein that acts as a signal for nuclear entry. (wikipedia.org)
Deletion of the KASH domain only caused moderate nuclear clustering, and loss of the actin-binding domain did not generate any nuclear anchorage defects. (elifesciences.org)
The D domain, a more variable region, is referred to as a hinge region between the C and E regions and harbors nuclear localization signals. (biomedcentral.com)

Typically, this signal consists of one or more short sequences of positively charged lysines or arginines exposed on the protein surface. (wikipedia.org)

Nuclear pores are remarkable in the diversity of cargoes they can transport. (uni-mainz.de)
Despite the fundamental biological relevance of the process, it has always been an enigma how large cargoes greater than 15 nanometers are efficiently transported, particularly in view of the dimensions and structures of nuclear pores themselves. (uni-mainz.de)

carried out comparative mutagenesis on the nuclear localization signals of SV40 T-Antigen (monopartite), C-myc (monopartite), and nucleoplasmin (bipartite), and showed amino acid features common to all three. (wikipedia.org)

The hypodermis of adult wild-type worms is made up of several huge hyp-7 cells (or syncytia) which each contain 139 evenly spaced nuclei ( Shemer and Podbilewicz, 2000 ), making them a useful system for investigating nuclear anchorage. (elifesciences.org)

The structures reveal that unlike TMEM106B, TDP-43 forms distinct amyloid filament folds in different neurodegenerative conditions and detail their structural basis. (lafurnitura.com)

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