Chemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsHealth Care
Bathing BeachesRisk AssessmentEquipment ReuseWaste WaterWaste Disposal, FluidSewageWater PurificationIndustrial WasteWater Pollutants, ChemicalWater MicrobiologyBiological Oxygen Demand AnalysisDisposable EquipmentWaste ManagementPeracetic AcidMedical WasteWater PollutantsEnvironmental MonitoringFlocculation
Municipal wastewater treatmentPotable ReuseDesalinationOxidationPathogensOrganic CompoundsProcessesDispersionAgriculturalEnvironmentsSoilComplianceEnvironmentalSustainableIrrigationManagementResourcesSystemsVarietyStudyOptimalFunding to increaseArticleAlternativeIncreaseHighMajorPotentialChemicalTechnologiesQualityReviewSimilarImportanceStandards
Municipal wastewater treatment2
  • Advances in municipal wastewater treatment technology allow communities to reuse water for many different purposes. (wikipedia.org)
  • The increasing use of gadolinium (Gd)-based contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging and the recalcitrant behavior of Gd during municipal wastewater treatment have led to increased concentrations of the tracer in aquatic environments. (univie.ac.at)
Potable Reuse5
  • The project will investigate the advanced treatment of wastewater for indirect potable reuse (IPR) using ion exchange (IX), advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) and biofiltration as an alternative to the fully available treatment (FAT) technology of reverse osmosis (RO) and UV AOPs. (watereuse.org)
  • The first installment of new rules, effective January 1, 2018, allow permitting for direct potable reuse. (watereuse.org)
  • Arizona has no indirect potable reuse (IPR) regulations, but IPR can be done under separate ADEQ groundwater protection permitting regulations. (watereuse.org)
  • Types of reuse include: urban reuse, agricultural reuse (irrigation), environmental reuse, industrial reuse, planned potable reuse, de facto wastewater reuse (unplanned potable reuse). (wikipedia.org)
  • The injection of reclaimed water into the water supply distribution system is known as direct potable reuse, however, drinking reclaimed water is not a typical practice. (wikipedia.org)
Desalination2
  • The costs of water reclamation options might be compared to the costs of alternatives options which also achieve similar effects of freshwater savings, namely greywater reuse systems, rainwater harvesting and stormwater recovery, or seawater desalination. (wikipedia.org)
  • Desalination and Water Treatment. (icontrolpollution.com)
Oxidation3
  • The enhanced effects on germination with H2O2 have a) been reported for seed with pathogenic infestations (Szopniska, 2014) i.e. a biocidal effect, and b) mediated through the oxidation of germination inhibitors present in the seed coat or/and in the pericarp, i.e. a seed treatment effect. (researchgate.net)
  • Preliminary Study on Treatment of Organic Matter in Foam Decontamination Waste by Ozone Oxidation Method. (icontrolpollution.com)
  • Study on Treatment of High Content Alkyl Polyglycoside Wastewater by Ozone Oxidation by Aeration Method. (icontrolpollution.com)
Pathogens4
  • Fecal indicator organisms, including E. coli and Enterococcus, were rarely detected in either distribution system, suggesting that treatment effectively eliminated waterborne pathogens. (watereuse.org)
  • In this study, fecal indicators had no correlation with the presence of waterbased pathogens and are not a reliable indicator of microbial water quality. (watereuse.org)
  • A combination of these technologies can meet strict treatment standards and make sure that the processed water is hygienically safe, meaning free from pathogens. (wikipedia.org)
  • As consumption of fresh produce increases, the likelihood of associated illnesses and outbreaks caused by microbial pathogens is also expected to increase. (frontiersin.org)
Organic Compounds1
  • Based on estimated quantities of generated urban wastewater and its average composition, mass flow analysis is implemented to explore the maximum availability of major wastewater constituents (solids, organic compounds, nutrients, chloride, alkalinity, sulfide). (mdpi.com)
Processes4
  • A definition by the USEPA states: "Water reuse is the method of recycling treated wastewater for beneficial purposes, such as agricultural and landscape irrigation, industrial processes, toilet flushing, and groundwater replenishing (EPA, 2004). (wikipedia.org)
  • The water that is used as an input to the treatment and reuse processes can be from a variety of sources. (wikipedia.org)
  • Generally, chemical gradients are indicators of redox boundaries caused by active microbial degradation processes. (nomedicalcare.com)
  • On the other hand, our approach also provides multiple lines of evidence that chemical gradients in the deeper part of the groundwater system are regulated by microbial processes. (nomedicalcare.com)
Dispersion2
  • A rapid and inexpensive method to evaluate soil structural stability via assessment of soil clay dispersion is needed. (edu.au)
  • A semi-quantitative dispersion assessment chart was developed for rapid assessment of soil structural stability, the application of which is intended to provide rapid diagnosis and to act as an important index for soil management practitioners. (edu.au)
Agricultural6
  • The purpose of this study is to gather information related to reuse of recycled water for agricultural irrigation purposes, identify impediments and incentives that may impact it, as well as explore opportunities related to onsite reuse in regards to irrigated agriculture. (watereuse.org)
  • The findings from this research will provide valuable guidance to water suppliers, regulators, and the agricultural community regarding the potential for irrigated agricultural uses of recycled water. (watereuse.org)
  • Identify examples of existing irrigated agricultural uses of recycled water in the United States and other countries. (watereuse.org)
  • Identify potential for irrigated agricultural uses of recycled water, including, but not limited to, hydroponics and aquaculture. (watereuse.org)
  • For example, reuse may include irrigation of gardens and agricultural fields or replenishing surface water and groundwater (i.e., groundwater recharge). (wikipedia.org)
  • Usually it is wastewater (domestic or municipal, industrial or agricultural wastewater) but it could also come from urban runoff. (wikipedia.org)
Environments1
  • Water recycling and reuse is of increasing importance, not only in arid regions but also in cities and contaminated environments. (wikipedia.org)
Soil3
  • The combination of managed aquifer recharge (MAR) with soil-aquifer treatment (SAT) has clear advantages for the future sustainable quality and quantity management of groundwater, especially when using treated wastewater. (mdpi.com)
  • Soil degradation is a topic that companies increasingly recognise as a business risk. (copernicus.org)
  • Bioaccumulation and associated dietary risks of Pb, Cd, and Zn in amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus) and jute mallow (Corchorus olitorius) grown on soil irrigated using polluted water from Asa River, Nigeria. (icontrolpollution.com)
Compliance1
  • Water quality information relating to water samples collected at the point of compliance for the wastewater treatment facilities (before recycled water enters the distribution system) was compared to that of samples collected at various time points and distances along the distribution system. (watereuse.org)
Environmental6
  • As much as two-thirds of all treated wastewater generated in Arizona is reused for a variety purposes, including irrigation, environmental restoration, energy generation, and agriculture. (watereuse.org)
  • Legislative authority for water reuse was granted to the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ) in 1999 and reclaimed water rules focus on protecting water quality and human health. (watereuse.org)
  • The World Health Organization has recognized the following principal driving forces for municipal wastewater reuse: increasing water scarcity and stress, increasing populations and related food security issues, increasing environmental pollution from improper wastewater disposal, and increasing recognition of the resource value of wastewater, excreta and greywater. (wikipedia.org)
  • Large quantities of freshwater can be saved by municipal wastewater reuse and recycling, reducing environmental pollution and improving carbon footprint. (wikipedia.org)
  • The journal facilitates better understanding of environmental risks to humans and ecosystems and it also shows the methods for their analysis as well as trends in the search of effective solutions to minimize these risks. (pan.pl)
  • Environmental monitoring and assessment. (icontrolpollution.com)
Sustainable2
  • Reusing wastewater as part of sustainable water management allows water to remain as an alternative water source for human activities. (wikipedia.org)
  • Achieving more sustainable sanitation and wastewater management will require emphasis on actions linked to resource management, such as wastewater reuse or excreta reuse that will keep valuable resources available for productive uses. (wikipedia.org)
Irrigation1
  • Treated municipal wastewater reuse for irrigation is a long-established practice, especially in arid countries. (wikipedia.org)
Management1
  • Using Qatar as an example, this study assesses the resources embodied in wastewater and paves the way to combine wastewater treatment with advanced resource recovery (water, energy, nitrogen, phosphorous, added value products) which can turn wastewater management from a major cost into a source of profit. (mdpi.com)
Resources1
  • Due to the ever-growing demand for natural resources, wastewater is being considered an alternative source of water and potentially other resources. (mdpi.com)
Systems4
  • Most of the water quality testing that is performed in recycled water systems is conducted at the treatment facility where the water enters the distribution system. (watereuse.org)
  • These anthropogenic Gd emissions to wastewater and, subsequently, to surface and groundwater systems can be exploited to calculate groundwater travel times and mixing ratios, identify wastewater inputs, and calibrate groundwater models. (univie.ac.at)
  • In unknown hydrogeological systems, the differentiation between total, anthropogenic, and geogenic Gd by interpolating rare earth element patterns requires complex sample pre-treatment and pre-concentration. (univie.ac.at)
  • Here we provide guidelines for selecting the optimal method for the analysis of Gd as a wastewater tracer in surface-groundwater systems. (univie.ac.at)
Variety3
  • An early study by Narimanov (2000) reported enhanced germination, emergence and development of seedlings using a short seed soaking treatment with H2O2 in a wide variety of crops including corn (Zea mays L.), beans (Phaseolus sp. (researchgate.net)
  • Amoebic activity was detected in approximately one-third of all water samples collected, with frequency of detection being similar despite the variety of treatment technologies. (watereuse.org)
  • Water reclamation (also called wastewater reuse, water reuse or water recycling) is the process of converting municipal wastewater (sewage) or industrial wastewater into water that can be reused for a variety of purposes. (wikipedia.org)
Study2
  • The study analyzed clinical and wastewater samples using multiple PCR assays and found significant performance variation among the PCR assays for genetically diverse norovirus surveillance. (bvsalud.org)
  • Regardless of the initial level of treatment, the microbial quality of the recycled water sampled from the utilities monitored for this research study deteriorated with increased residence time in the water distribution system. (watereuse.org)
Optimal1
  • tested 24-h seed pre-treatments with H2O2 with 50 mM being optimal with improved seed germination, seedling vigour and growth in corn, squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Increased germination and seedling growth of peas (Pisum sativum L. 'Alaska') was shown by Barba-Espin et al. (researchgate.net)
Funding to increase1
  • WateReuse is the only trade association that focuses solely on advancing laws, policy and funding to increase water reuse. (watereuse.org)
Article2
  • No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. (mdpi.com)
  • For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. (mdpi.com)
Alternative1
Increase1
  • Reuse will continue to increase as the world's population becomes increasingly urbanized and concentrated near coastlines, where local freshwater supplies are limited or are available only with large capital expenditure. (wikipedia.org)
High2
  • The project investigates the treatment, disinfection, and operational practices that will help ensure that high quality recycled waters are maintained through storage and distribution. (watereuse.org)
  • Municipal wastewater reuse is particularly high in the Middle East and North Africa region, in countries such as the UAE, Qatar, Kuwait and Israel. (wikipedia.org)
Major1
  • Irrigated agriculture is one of the major sectors that relies on fresh water from both ground and surface supplies. (watereuse.org)
Potential1
  • Despite the growth of the recycled water industry, there remain some public health concerns about the potential risks of human contact with recycled water used for irrigating public and recreational areas. (watereuse.org)
Chemical1
  • Enzymatic destabilization of chemical surfactant in wastewater-a potent ultrafiltration foulant: kinetic studies. (icontrolpollution.com)
Technologies1
  • There are several technologies used to treat wastewater for reuse. (wikipedia.org)
Quality1
  • Microbial water quality changes over time in correlation to the rapid dissipation of chlorine concentrations. (watereuse.org)
Review1
Similar1
  • A similar description is: "Water Reuse, the use of reclaimed water from treated wastewater, has been a long-established reality in many (semi)arid countries and regions. (wikipedia.org)
Importance1
  • These methods resulted in very contrasted contribution trends, highlighting the importance of conservativity assessment. (copernicus.org)
Standards1
  • Reused water may also be directed toward fulfilling certain needs in residences (e.g. toilet flushing), businesses, and industry, and could even be treated to reach drinking water standards. (wikipedia.org)