• AMD has two types: dry AMD with the presence of drusen and atrophy and wet AMD with the features of edema and hemorrhage within or below the retina or retinal pigment epithelium besides drusen and atrophy [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • How are specific cell numbers and their organization with the retina determined? (nih.gov)
  • Our investigations utilize in vivo mouse retina and human retinal organoids derived from pluripotent stem cells as study systems. (nih.gov)
  • Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are a population of neurons of the central nervous system (CNS) extending with their soma to the inner retina and with their axons to the optic nerve. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The ultimate goal of our research is to understand how amacrine cell synaptic function is modified by signaling molecules known to be generated in the retina. (lsu.edu)
  • These vessels can leak blood, which damages the light-sensing cells of the retina causing sight loss. (europa.eu)
  • However, when we look at the same responses in mice lacking Vhl in myeloid cells, we see the same neovascular tufts as in control mice, but the empty area in the middle of the retina is smaller (Figure 1b). (europa.eu)
  • These data suggest that increased activity of HIFs in myeloid cells helps blood vessels to grow faster but in a more controlled fashion to cover the empty areas of the retina. (europa.eu)
  • As the prominent source of incurable low vision and blindness, Retinal Degeneration is a retinopathy characterized by progressive degradation of the retina. (rna-seqblog.com)
  • They knockout, overexpress and minimize the UXT gene expression to pattern its effect on retinal degeneration and compared it with normal retina by RNA sequencing analysis . (rna-seqblog.com)
  • Lack of oxygen makes eye cells in the retina begin to die. (palsforhealth.com)
  • Lange C, Caprara C, Tanimoto N, Beck S, Huber G, Samardzija M, Seeliger M, Grimm C. Retina-specific activation of a sustained hypoxia-like response leads to severe retinal degeneration and loss of vision. (hslu.ch)
  • Certain tests have also shown that Humanin can protect the cells from the lethal process of apoptosis and keeps the cells healthy, even protecting the neurons, muscle cells, cardiac tissue, and the retina of the eye. (purerawz.co)
  • The macular damage is induced by hyperglycemia, which damages vessels supplying blood to the retina and induces hypoxia. (uniroma5.it)
  • The microenvironmental changes stimulate the expression of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), which promote the choroidal endothelial cell transmigration across the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) into neurosensory retina, where they proliferate into new vessels under stimulation of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). (uniroma5.it)
  • Retinal capillary hemangiomas, usually supplied by large dilated feeder vessels, may occur in any part of the retina. (medscape.com)
  • The rigid sickled erythrocytes lead to vascular occlusion, which results in retinal hypoxia, ischemia, and neovascularization. (medscape.com)
  • The widely accepted pathogenesis for sickle cell retinopathy is vasoocclusion that leads to retinal hypoxia, ischemia, infarction, neovascularization, and fibrovascularization. (medscape.com)
  • Neovascularization is stimulated by hypoxia or ischemia. (wikipedia.org)
  • Finally, the ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury model was used in C57BL/6J mice to induce retinal inflammation and investigate the effects of caffeine treatment. (frontiersin.org)
  • Hypoxia and ischemia are known to stimulate production of VGEF in some cells. (medscape.com)
  • LCN2 was increased by SOX9 and SIRT1 deacetylated SOX9 to promote its nuclear translocation, which further inhibited the viability of human retinal pigment epithelial cells and promoted cell apoptosis and angiogenesis as well as CNV-induced AMD formation. (hindawi.com)
  • Human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19) were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with or without caffeine. (frontiersin.org)
  • The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is the primary target of AMD ( 2 , 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The most likely outcome of retinal degeneration is loss of the photoreceptors and underlying retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). (rna-seqblog.com)
  • 7,8 Clear cell RCC derives from the proximal tubular epithelium and, in the majority of cases, has a clear cytoplasm with a large prominent nucleus. (renalandurologynews.com)
  • The tissue of origin for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the proximal renal tubular epithelium. (medscape.com)
  • What are intrinsic control mechanisms that lead to photoreceptor cell fate from retinal progenitors? (nih.gov)
  • It was first described by the British ophthalmologist Henry Eales (1852-1913) in 1880 and is a rare ocular disease characterized by inflammation and possible blockage of retinal blood vessels, abnormal growth of new blood vessels (neovascularization), and recurrent retinal and vitreal hemorrhages. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is characterized by three overlapping stages of venous inflammation (vasculitis), occlusion, and retinal neovascularization. (wikipedia.org)
  • The exact mechanism is not known but it has been preposed that T-cells play a role in the inflammation that begins in the eye. (wikipedia.org)
  • These tests include fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and ocular coherence tomography (OCT). FFA is used to identify Retinal periphlebitis (inflammation of the peripheral blood vessels in the eye) or peripheral non-perfusion. (wikipedia.org)
  • As such, inhibiting proline hydroxylation of RIPK1 promotes RIPK1 activation to trigger cell death and inflammation. (nature.com)
  • Our findings illustrate a key role of the EGLN-pVHL pathway in suppressing RIPK1 activation under normoxic conditions to promote cell survival and a model by which hypoxia promotes RIPK1 activation through modulating its proline hydroxylation to mediate cell death and inflammation in human diseases, independent of TNFR1. (nature.com)
  • We tested caffeine by using in vitro and in vivo paradigms of retinal inflammation. (frontiersin.org)
  • In conclusion, these findings suggest that caffeine is a good candidate to counteract inflammation in retinal diseases. (frontiersin.org)
  • we investigated caffeine by using in vitro and in vivo paradigms of retinal inflammation. (frontiersin.org)
  • These protective effects may be associated with the inhibition of apoptosis and inflammation, as reflected by less TUNEL-positive cells and lower levels of serum proinflammatory cytokines (Interleukin-1β, Interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α) and cardiac troponin I in the N-CM group compared with the vehicle group. (researchsquare.com)
  • Senescent cells cause harm through what is known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) , the secretion of signals that spur inflammation, tissue modeling, and alterations in cellular behavior. (fightaging.org)
  • RNA-seq reveals the important role of UXT in preventing retinal degeneration through a recent study that showed UXT, the chaperone protein responsible for regulating inflammation and angiogenesis, acting as a novel MTOR regulator. (rna-seqblog.com)
  • This is resumably related to hypoxia, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and vascular dysregulation, they said. (reviewofoptometry.com)
  • HMM-HA reduced inflammation through several pathways, including a direct immunoregulatory effect on immune cells, protection from oxidative stress and improved gut barrier function during ageing. (bvsalud.org)
  • To investigate the mechanism of sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate inhibiting hypoxia induced retinal neovascularization in rats. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate can inhibit hypoxia induced retinal neovascularization in a dose-dependent manner, and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor pathway related proteins by sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate. (ijpsonline.com)
  • The formation of retinal neovascularization is one of the serious complications of intraocular diseases. (ijpsonline.com)
  • The current methods of clinical treatment of retinal neovascularization include surgery and laser treatment. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Therefore, finding a safe and effective drug that effectively inhibits retinal neovascularization has become the focus of attention of ophthalmologists both at home and abroad. (ijpsonline.com)
  • The disease is identified by its three characteristic steps: vasculitis, occlusion, and retinal neovascularization, leading to recurrent vitreous hemorrhages and vision loss. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this study, we investigated the role of hypoxia induced SIRT1 in choroidal neovascularization in relation to age-related macular degeneration. (molvis.org)
  • Wet AMD is characterized by choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and the subsequent development of hemorrhage, exudation, scarring or retinal detachment. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Although the precise underlying mechanisms of AMD are not fully understood, numerous lines of evidence have indicated that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress contributes to the etiology of RPE cell damage and neovascularization formation ( 5 - 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Here, we show that although this receptor is present on most vascular and blood cells, the key regulatory function in tumor and wound angiogenesis is performed by β 3 integrin on bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) recruited to sites of neovascularization. (rupress.org)
  • If this series of events does not stabilize or reverse with recanalization of the occluded retinal vessels, the subsequent end-stage results may be retinal infarction and/or detachment. (medscape.com)
  • There may also be other signs that are identified via eye examination that can show retinal tears and retinal detachment that can lead to disruption of vision and blindness (though this is rare). (wikipedia.org)
  • Epiretinal membranes (ERM) can also be found on patients where the disease has progressed along to retinal detachment, Rubeosis iridis, neovascular glaucoma, cataracts, and optic atrophy. (wikipedia.org)
  • Eye floaters may develop indicating the possibility of the progression of the disease to a point where retinal detachment is a concern. (wikipedia.org)
  • The sequence associated with plus disease almost always precedes partial or complete retinal detachment. (medscape.com)
  • This is called retinal detachment . (palsforhealth.com)
  • Organized fibroglial bands with traction retinal detachment and vitreous hemorrhage may occur, along with potential complications such as glaucoma or permanent vision loss. (medscape.com)
  • Their in vitro effects on hypoxic cells concerning cell viability, apoptosis, migration, and angiogenesis were detected through gain- and loss-of-function assays. (hindawi.com)
  • The present study investigated the effects of GSK2606414 on proliferation, apoptosis, and the expression of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), CCAAT/enhancer‑binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells under endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • GSK2606414 treatment inhibited RPE cell proliferation in a dose‑dependent manner, however it did not induce apoptosis. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Disruption of PERK activity has been demonstrated to reduce hydroquinone-induced apoptosis and hypoxia-induced VEGF expression in human RPE cells in vitro ( 5 , 21 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Humanin is encoded in mitochondrial DNA and acts as a cytoprotective protein, protecting cells from apoptosis (programmed cell death). (purerawz.co)
  • To do this function, Humanin binds to certain proteins that signal the destruction of cells, where it shuts down the apoptosis origin pathway. (purerawz.co)
  • A study was carried out in which isolated retinal cells were treated with cobalt chloride, which causes hypoxia and cell apoptosis. (purerawz.co)
  • "Improvement in diabetic retinopathy through protection against retinal apoptosis in spontaneously diabetic Torii rats mediated by ethanol extract of Osteomeles schwerinae C.K. Schneid" Kim, Kim, Kim et al. (cell-systems.com)
  • Also, they think it possible that the elevated ET-1 level they found in the peripheral blood samples could directly promote the development of retinal vascular occlusions (RVOs). (bmj.com)
  • Undifferentiated endothelial cells are critical to the development of retinal vessels. (medscape.com)
  • Clinical hallmarks of VHL disease include the development of retinal and central nervous system (CNS) hemangioblastomas (blood vessel tumors), pheochromocytomas , multiple cysts in the pancreas and kidneys, and an increased risk for malignant transformation of renal cysts into renal cell carcinoma. (medscape.com)
  • Serum leakage from these vessels and hemangiomas leads to retinal exudates. (medscape.com)
  • We have previously shown that activation of innate neuroprotective pathways by repeated hypoxia exposures prevents neurodegeneration of retinal ganglion cells in a short-term or acute, surgically-induced model of experimental glaucoma in mice. (brightfocus.org)
  • As our first aim, we will examine the survival of both the cell bodies and the axons of retinal ganglion cells, as well as the overall functional performance of the visual system of the mouse, after 4.5 months of treatment, to quantify injury in untreated mice and protection in mice receiving intermittent hypoxia. (brightfocus.org)
  • These pleiotropic (ie, deriving multiple effects from a single therapeutic) or multi-modal approaches to protecting retinal ganglion cells are likely to have a greater chance of succeeding than monotherapy-based approaches. (brightfocus.org)
  • However, the function of lncRNAs in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in the pathogenesis of myopia is still unknown. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It was found that lncRNA Gm35369 might be related to myopia and that this lncRNA was mainly located in ganglion cells and horizontal cells [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Glaucoma represents a group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by optic nerve damage and the slow progressive death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). (encyclopedia.pub)
  • This develops Branch retinal venous occlusion (BRVO) or Branch artery occlusion. (mathaonline.com)
  • This occlusion may also happen in the central retinal artery. (mathaonline.com)
  • This specific condition is Central retinal artery occlusion. (mathaonline.com)
  • If it happens in the central retinal vein, it is central retinal venous occlusion (CRVO). (mathaonline.com)
  • In June 2020, an updated label that included the adverse events of retinal vasculitis and retinal vascular occlusion was included by the FDA 22 . (eyewiki.org)
  • The sickle erythrocyte presents reduced flexibility and becomes more adherent to vascular endothelium, developing vaso-occlusion of microvasculature and subsequent local hypoxia 1,7 . (bvsalud.org)
  • E ditor ,-I read with interest the article by Iannaccone et al 1 on the connection between venous plasma endothelin-1 (ET-1) level and retinal vein occlusions (RVO). (bmj.com)
  • The authors conclude that elevated ET-1 concentration in the peripheral circulation in their patients may be a systemic marker for retinal venous occlusions. (bmj.com)
  • This latter conclusion seems to be unlikely since local retinal vasoconstriction is supposed to be influenced much more by the local ET-1 concentration than the elevation of the systemic venous ET-1 level. (bmj.com)
  • Dysfunction or loss of photoreceptors is the primary cause of vision impairment in almost all cases of retinal and macular degeneration. (nih.gov)
  • Hypoxia is a critical pathological factor in a variety of retinal diseases, including age-related macular degeneration. (molvis.org)
  • Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a retinal degenerative disease, which causes progressive loss of central vision in the elderly ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • [ 7 ] Retinal endothelial cells give rise to primitive capillaries that further differentiate into mature vessels. (medscape.com)
  • Exposure to stressors damages developing retinal vessels and temporarily arrests their development. (medscape.com)
  • Occasionally, the eye becomes inflamed and hazy and exudates form along the retinal vessels with engorgement and tortuosity of the posterior pole vessels. (medscape.com)
  • Retinal neovascularisation is when new, fragile blood vessels grow, uncontrolled at the back of the eye. (europa.eu)
  • VEGF binds with its receptors leading to proliferation of endothelial cells and growth of new blood vessels from existing vasculature. (eyewiki.org)
  • Cells of the RPE and retinal tissue release VEGF in response to metabolic stress, inducing the formation of new blood vessels. (eyewiki.org)
  • Presently, the clinical treatment for diabetic retinopathy is limited to pan-retinal photocoagulation and vitrectomy for late proliferative disease and anti-VEGF therapy for controlling macular edema that impairs vision. (molvis.org)
  • Activation of the PERK/eIF2α/ATF4 signaling pathway has been reported in numerous retinal degenerative diseases including AMD ( 16 ), glaucomatous retinopathy ( 19 ) and diabetic retinopathy ( 20 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Although all diabetic cells are exposed to elevated levels of plasma glucose, hyperglycemic damage is limited to those cell types that are unable to down regulate glucose transport into the cell (e.g., endothelial cells), leading to intra-cellular hyperglycemia ( Brownlee, 2001 ). (scialert.net)
  • Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) exert a protective role against retinal injuries, including diabetic macular edema (DME). (uniroma5.it)
  • Expression of SIRT1/SOX9/LCN2 in the hypoxic cells was determined, and their interactions were predicted by bioinformatics websites and followed by the verification by luciferase assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). (hindawi.com)
  • Highly expressed LCN2, SOX9, and SIRT1 were observed in hypoxic cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Induction of hypoxia was confirmed by flow cytometric analysis and the levels of SIRT1 were noted in a hypoxic condition as well in the cells after blocking SIRT1 activity using sirtinol. (molvis.org)
  • Hypoxic induction was confirmed using flow cytometric analysis, which showed cell cycle arrest starting at a 200 µM concentration of cobalt chloride. (molvis.org)
  • However, its role has not been evaluated in hypoxic choroidal endothelial cells (CECs), the precursor of VEGF-mediated choroidal angiogenesis. (molvis.org)
  • Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been reported to attenuate myocardial I/R injury via their paracrine effects, which can be enhanced by hypoxic preconditioning. (researchsquare.com)
  • Conceivably, such therapies may consist of breathing hypoxic air in a repetitive fashion, or a treatment that mimics exposure to hypoxia, some of which have already been established in animal models of retinal disease. (brightfocus.org)
  • Retinal neuroprotection by hypoxic preconditioning is independent of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α expression in photoreceptors. (hslu.ch)
  • In accord to our hypothesis, we have shown that both peptides are able to significantly reduce HIF-1α and increase HIF-3α expression in ARPE-19 cells exposed to hyperglycemic/hypoxic insult. (uniroma5.it)
  • In contrast, the expression levels of 95 genes were significantly altered in the hypoxic P12.5 retinas, which contained several known hypoxia- regulated genes including Vegfa and Hif1a. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Retinal whitening was topographically associated with tissue response to hypoxia. (ljmu.ac.uk)
  • Activated SIRT1 signals hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-2α, which transactivates vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and erythropoietin. (molvis.org)
  • Our study results demonstrate that hypoxia mimetic cobalt chloride induces SIRT1 and augments HIF-2α, which activates and releases VEGF. (molvis.org)
  • In this study, we explore the role of HMGB1 in advanced glycation end products (AGEs)-induced vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) production in rat retinal ganglion cell line 5 (RGC-5) cells. (molvis.org)
  • The VEGF-A protein and mRNA levels in conditioned medium of RGC-5 cells incubated with AGE-modified BSA (AGE-BSA) were examined with real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and BSA-treated cells were used as controls. (molvis.org)
  • Compared with the BSA controls, the RGC-5 cells incubated with AGE-BSA showed a dose- and time-dependent increase in VEGF-A mRNA and VEGF-A protein secretion in the supernatant, with the highest levels achieved at 24 h. (molvis.org)
  • HMGB1 is implicated in the production of VEGF-A in retinal ganglion cell line-5 (RGC-5). (molvis.org)
  • One may speculate that, early after the development of RVO, systemic ET-1 level may increase, then decrease later till the onset of retinal neovascularisation, which might induce an increase again possibly via an increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), since VEGF can cause an increased expression of endothelin converting enzyme. (bmj.com)
  • In addition, GSK2606414 treatment inhibited eIF2α phosphorylation and reduced CHOP and VEGF mRNA expression levels in RPE cells under TG‑induced ER stress. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In addition, RPE cells proliferate and secrete various proangiogenic factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which serves an important role in AMD-associated CNV ( 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Furthermore, ATF4 serves an important role in VEGF expression under hypoxia or chemical stress ( 17 , 18 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • HIF-1 regulates production of multiple proteins, including vascular-endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and other cell regulatory proteins that are normally kept in check but which are significantly elevated in times of hypoxia, starvation, and stress. (renalandurologynews.com)
  • The Hypoxia Inducible Factors (HIFs) family of molecules regulate VEGF in many different cell types in the body. (europa.eu)
  • In the present study, we have investigated whether PACAP and VIP prevent retinal damage by modulating the expression of HIFs, VEGF, and its receptors. (uniroma5.it)
  • Fig. 1: Hypoxia induces cell death in a RIPK1-dependent manner. (nature.com)
  • This disease tends to begin between the ages of 20-30 years and begins with unilateral peripheral retinal perivasculitis and peripheral retinal capillary non-perfusion. (wikipedia.org)
  • VHL disease is characterized by retinal capillary hemangiomas (also called benign vascular hamartomas). (medscape.com)
  • RNA Sequencing has beaconed as a stellar tool for preventing retinal degeneration via the role of UXT . (rna-seqblog.com)
  • Lange C, Thiersch M, Samardzija M, Bürgi S, Joly S, Grimm C. LIF-dependent JAK3 activation is not essential for retinal degeneration. (hslu.ch)
  • Lange C, Thiersch M, Samardzija M, Grimm C. The differential role of Jak/STAT signaling in retinal degeneration. (hslu.ch)
  • LIF-dependent JAK3 activation is not essential for retinal degeneration. (hslu.ch)
  • The differential role of Jak/STAT signaling in retinal degeneration. (hslu.ch)
  • Angiogenesis is dependent on the coordinated action of numerous cell types. (rupress.org)
  • Epithelial membrane protein 2 (EMP2) regulates hypoxia-induced angiogenesis in the adult retinal pigment epithelial cell lines. (ucla.edu)
  • This project seeks to elucidate transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory networks that determine cell fate and guide the development of photoreceptors from retinal progenitor cells. (nih.gov)
  • We are now focused on delineating the transcription factors and signaling pathways that are responsible for generating photoreceptors from retinal progenitor cells. (nih.gov)
  • Although many hemoglobinopathies exist, those resulting in proliferative retinopathy are limited to sickle cell disease. (medscape.com)
  • In 1971, Goldberg proposed a classification for sickle cell retinopathy. (medscape.com)
  • Retinal vessel changes and retinal whitening, distinctive features of malarial retinopathy, can be directly observed during routine eye examination in children with P. falciparum cerebral malaria. (ljmu.ac.uk)
  • 1 book chapter published in "Retinal Degenerative Diseases", Springer Wien New York. (hslu.ch)
  • Choroidal endothelial cells (RF/6A) were maintained in a semiconfluent state and hypoxia was induced by exposing the cells to cobalt chloride for 24 h. (molvis.org)
  • Hypoxia of CEC was induced by exposing the cells to cobalt chloride (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis MO) in serum media, as described previously [ 12 , 13 ], and the induction was confirmed by cytotoxicity and cell cycle analysis. (molvis.org)
  • The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor-2 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 were detected by Western blot. (ijpsonline.com)
  • In this study, we investigated the potential protective effects of this methylxanthine in the retinal tissue. (frontiersin.org)
  • Even a small number of senescent cells, say 1% of the cells in an organ, can alter tissue structure and the behavior of normal cells to a great enough degree to produce disease symptoms. (fightaging.org)
  • In this and similar ways all of the fundamental forms of cell and tissue damage that cause aging are linked together, feeding from one another, making up a web of interacting forms of damage and consequences. (fightaging.org)
  • Clear cell renal cell carcinoma are positive for CAIX (carbonic anhydrase IX), vimentin, CD10, and RCC antigen by immunohistochemistry. (renalandurologynews.com)
  • VHL disease encompasses various types of tumors, including retinal or central nervous system hemangioblastoma (RH or CNSH), clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC), pheochromocytoma (PHE), multiple pancreatic cysts or tumors (PCT), epididymal or broad ligament cystadenomas and endolymphatic sac tumor. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Renal cell carcinoma (see the image below) is the most common type of kidney cancer in adults. (medscape.com)
  • See Renal Cell Carcinoma: Recognition and Follow-up , a Critical Images slideshow, to help evaluate renal masses and determine when and what type of follow-up is necessary. (medscape.com)
  • Renal cell carcinoma may remain clinically occult for most of its course. (medscape.com)
  • Surgical resection remains the only known effective treatment for localized renal cell carcinoma, and it is also used for palliation in metastatic disease. (medscape.com)
  • Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for approximately 3% of adult malignancies and 90-95% of neoplasms arising from the kidney. (medscape.com)
  • Go to Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma and Sarcomatoid and Rhabdoid Renal Cell Carcinoma for complete information on these topics. (medscape.com)
  • Early identification of VHL is important because of the increased risk of serious complications (eg, renal cell carcinoma) to foster more effective treatment options and better prognoses. (medscape.com)
  • The prolyl hydroxylation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) mediated by the EGLN-pVHL pathway represents a classic signalling mechanism that mediates cellular adaptation under hypoxia. (nature.com)
  • Can we find common cellular pathways associated with photoreceptor cell death caused by distinct genetic mutations? (nih.gov)
  • Hypoxia changes the cellular redox state and activates class III histone deacetylase sirtuin1 (SIRT1). (molvis.org)
  • Several types of cellular stress, including hypoxia ( 8 ), infection ( 9 ), nutrient deprivation ( 10 ), oxidative stress ( 11 ) and dysfunctional calcium homeostasis ( 12 ), may induce accumulation of unfolded proteins in the ER lumen. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The understanding that senescent cells existed and were important in human health and aging started sometime around the discovery and subsequent exploration of the Hayflick limit to cellular replication, in the 1960s. (fightaging.org)
  • By the time that the SENS rejuvenation research proposals were first formalized, more than three decades later, a little after the turn of the century, the research community had a much better understanding of cellular senescence as a phenomenon, as well as a good deal of indirect evidence to show that (a) senescent cells accumulated with age, and (b) their presence contributed to age-related disease and dysfunction. (fightaging.org)
  • Recent advances include the use of cocktails of compounds to reprogram somatic cells, but the characteristics and mechanisms of partial cellular reprogramming by chemicals remain unclear. (bvsalud.org)
  • Eltzschig, H. K., Bratton, D. L. & Colgan, S. P. Targeting hypoxia signalling for the treatment of ischaemic and inflammatory diseases. (nature.com)
  • Retinal and macular diseases are a major cause of visual impairment and affect the quality of life of millions worldwide. (nih.gov)
  • Partial reprogramming by cyclic short-term expression of Yamanaka factors holds promise for shifting cells to younger states and consequently delaying the onset of many diseases of aging. (bvsalud.org)
  • The investigative team from Turkey found chronic rhinosinusitis appears to cause thinning of the choroid and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), especially in the superior and inferior quadrants and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL). (reviewofoptometry.com)
  • The investigation of this and other pathways in the HIF-1 cascade has led to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of RCC and the development of inhibitors of these pathways that have shown promise in the treatment of clear cell RCC. (renalandurologynews.com)
  • In sickle cell anemia, the amino acid substitution valine for glutamate occurs on the beta chain at the sixth position. (medscape.com)
  • Any damage to retinal neurons can have devastating consequences, including loss of vision. (nih.gov)
  • Homozygous sickle cell disease (SS disease), sickle cell C disease (SC disease), and sickle cell-thalassemia disease (S-Thal disease) are common hemoglobinopathies that can present with mild-to-severe proliferative retinal findings. (medscape.com)
  • To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to demonstrate that GSK2606414 has a potential antiproliferative effect in RPE cells in vitro. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • This dosage is well tolerated by most mammalian cells in vitro for short periods of time. (cell-systems.com)
  • Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate is an effective monomer extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Salvia miltiorrhiza ( S. miltiorrhiza ), it has the effects of scavenging oxygen free radicals, placing myocardial damage, and inhibiting the function of white blood cells, placing myocardial infarction, and ischemic heart disease, pulmonary hypertension, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease often require its use[ 4 - 6 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Excessive oxygen administration was felt to contribute to this hypoxia. (medscape.com)
  • The goal of this project is to use a well-established genetic mouse model of glaucoma to determine if repeated exposures to hypoxia (the breathing of air with lower-than-normal oxygen content), initiated after the onset of intraocular pressure elevation, can prevent or slow the progression of disease. (brightfocus.org)
  • Measuring oxygen consumption by cells provides ample information on how cells are doing. (globalspec.com)
  • Cells take up oxygen that then. (globalspec.com)
  • Stem cells reside in niches that have much lower oxygen concentration than many other parts of the body. (globalspec.com)
  • The eye cells that are starving for oxygen send out signals. (palsforhealth.com)
  • This is an attempt to get more blood with oxygen to the eye cells. (palsforhealth.com)
  • When hypoxia-induced cells were treated with Humanin, the peptide reversed cobalt chloride's effects and protected the cells from low oxygen levels. (purerawz.co)
  • Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is the most common and severe form of SCD, resulting from genetic inheritance of HbS genes from both progenitors (SS genotype) 1 . (bvsalud.org)
  • In recent years, more direct evidence has been established, demonstrations of extended life and improved health in mice resulting from the targeted destruction of senescent cells. (fightaging.org)
  • To do this, we have created mice which lack the genes to create the HIF molecules (Hif1α, Hif2α and Von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor (Vhl)) in their myeloid cells, the type of immune cells that are involved in neovascularisation. (europa.eu)
  • These mice have normal HIF genes in the rest of the cells of their bodies, allowing us to investigate just the role of HIFs in myeloid cells and specifically their contribution to neovascularisation individually and in combination with one another. (europa.eu)
  • When we place mice lacking Hif1α, Hif2α or both (from their myeloid cells) in the chamber, we don't find any difference in the empty area or the formation of neovascular tufts when compared with normal mice (Figure 1B), meaning that Hif1α and Hif2α in myeloid cells are not essential for neovascularisation. (europa.eu)
  • UXT deficient mice show drastic retinal defects at molecular, physiological and functional aspect [7]. (rna-seqblog.com)
  • In eye care, CWS is used to describe a retinal nerve fiber layer infarct caused by focal interruption of axoplasmic flow. (optometrytimes.com)
  • The answers to these questions will be valuable for delineating pathogenic mechanisms that contribute to photoreceptor cell death. (nih.gov)
  • In vivo these factors were evidenced by a significant increase in retinal levels of GSH. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Bac-Off® is formulated at MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) to inhibit the growth of most bacterial agents and control contamination in cell culture, without harming the cells. (cell-systems.com)
  • As our second aim, we will investigate these same injury and protection metrics at an earlier timepoint (after 3 months of treatment) to understand the effect of our intermittent hypoxia protocol on the "kinetics" of disease progression, since it is possible that our treatment only slows the rate of disease, but does not stop the ultimate extent of damage. (brightfocus.org)
  • The purpose of this present review is to summarize the most recent evidence about some of the possible upstream causes which are responsible for RGC death, as well as neuroprotective strategies to prevent or at least to slow down progression of the retinal distress. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Sickle cell hemoglobinopathy encompasses a group of inherited genetic disorders, which cause erythrocytes to become sickled and affect multiple organ systems. (medscape.com)
  • In 1910, James Herrick, a Chicago physician, first described sickle cell anemia, "The shape of the RBC [red blood cell] was very irregular. (medscape.com)
  • In 1930, ocular changes associated with sickle cell disease were noted. (medscape.com)
  • In 1949, Itano and Pauling described the association of sickle cell anemia with abnormal hemoglobin Hb S, which could be differentiated from Hb A by electrophoresis. (medscape.com)
  • In 1959, Lieb and coworkers associated angioid streaks with sickle cell disease. (medscape.com)
  • In 1966, Welch and Goldberg introduced and described much of the modern terminology associated with sickle cell disease with respect to ocular changes. (medscape.com)
  • [ 7 ] About 8% of African Americans are heterozygous for Hb S. In the United States, sickle cell anemia primarily occurs in the Black population, with approximately 0.2% of African-American children afflicted by this disease. (medscape.com)
  • Sickle cell anemia is a homozygous-recessive disorder, that is, the individual receives two mutant genes that code for the variant beta globin chain. (medscape.com)
  • Sickle cell anemia is most common where the Hb S gene is inherited from both parents, each of whom is a healthy carrier of the gene (Hb AS). (medscape.com)
  • Sickle cell C disease is the second most common form. (medscape.com)
  • Sickle cell-thalassemia disease is the third most common hemoglobinopathy. (medscape.com)
  • Different genes within a population determine the frequency of sickle cell disease at birth. (medscape.com)
  • To evaluate the manifestations of sickle cell disease on the orofacial complex through a review of current literature concerning prevalence of dental caries, periodontal disease, temporomandibular joint disorders and radiographic alterations of maxillofacial bones. (bvsalud.org)
  • Sickle cell disease (SCD) includes genetic blood disorders in which morphologic alterations of erythrocytes are caused by presence of the sickle hemoglobin (HbS). (bvsalud.org)
  • In sickle cell trace, the heterozygosis for genes of normal (HbA) and mutant (HbS) hemoglobins (AS genotype) does not exhibit clinical symptoms of the disease under physiological conditions 3,5 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Premature destruction of sickle red blood cells leads to hemolytic anemia. (bvsalud.org)
  • Effects of taurine and ketamine on bovine retinal membrane lipid peroxidation. (cdc.gov)
  • The effects of the ischemic protectants taurine (107357) (TA) and ketamine (6740881) (KE) on bovine retinal membrane lipid peroxidation were investigated. (cdc.gov)
  • With intact eyes, KE reduced lipid peroxidation to 55% control values, but TFP was less effective, and TA failed to prevent lipid peroxidation of the retinal membrane. (cdc.gov)
  • Epithelial membrane protein 2 (Emp2) modulates innate immune cell population recruitment at the maternal-fetal interface. (ucla.edu)
  • Cells have, as a natural and normal part of their constitutive programming, the ability to enclose bacteria adherent to their luminal surface in membrane, and sink them into the cytoplasm. (cell-systems.com)
  • The unexpected finding of a retinal or CNS hemangioblastoma or the diagnosis of a pheochromocytoma should prompt a search for other associated VHL disease features, as many of these patients may have the diagnostic criteria for VHL disease. (medscape.com)
  • Some researchers are more interested in altering SASP , however, trying to minimize or block the damaging factors while leaving senescent cells present. (fightaging.org)
  • sensitivity 0.97, specificity 0.89) involving 360° of the lumen circumference, with altered protein expression in blood-retinal barrier cells and marked loss/disruption of pericytes. (ljmu.ac.uk)