• Farrell SR , Rankin DR, Brecha NC , Barnes S . Somatostatin receptor subtype 4 modulates L-type calcium channels via Gβγ and PKC signaling in rat retinal ganglion cells. (neurotree.org)
  • Farrell SR , Sargoy A , Brecha NC , Barnes S . Modulation of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in rat retinal ganglion cells by gabapentin. (neurotree.org)
  • Also called photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (pRGCs), ipRGCs form the main neural conduit to the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) within the hypothalamus region of the brain where our circadian clock is located. (shine.lighting)
  • Dysfunction or loss of photoreceptors is the primary cause of vision impairment in almost all cases of retinal and macular degeneration. (nih.gov)
  • This project seeks to elucidate transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory networks that determine cell fate and guide the development of photoreceptors from retinal progenitor cells. (nih.gov)
  • Why do we have so many rod photoreceptors since cones are more useful for humans? (nih.gov)
  • We are now focused on delineating the transcription factors and signaling pathways that are responsible for generating photoreceptors from retinal progenitor cells. (nih.gov)
  • Horizontal Cell Feedback to Cone Photoreceptors in Mammalian Retina: Novel Insights From the GABA-pH Hybrid Model. (neurotree.org)
  • It was known that the visual sensation in humans is provided by two photoreceptors in the retina: rods and cones. (shine.lighting)
  • Most vertebrate lineages retain a tetrachromatic visual system, which is supported by a functional combination of spectrally distinct multiple cone photoreceptors, ultraviolet (UV), blue, green, and red cones. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • Here, we pursued loss-of-function studies on transcription factors expressed predominantly in zebrafish cone photoreceptors and identified Foxq2 as a blue cone specific factor driving sws2 gene expression. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • Using embryonic chicken sensory neurons, we report that glycolytic enzymes are found through the axon and the growth cone. (jneurosci.org)
  • Any damage to retinal neurons can have devastating consequences, including loss of vision. (nih.gov)
  • Although spontaneous changes of [Ca 2+ ] i have been examined in immature cortical neurons, the calcium dynamics of cortical precursor cells have received less attention. (jneurosci.org)
  • Diabetic retinopathy (DR), one of the leading causes of blindness and vision impairment, is suggested to exhibit functional and structural changes in retinal neurons as the earliest manifestation, which could be used to predict the progression of related angiopathy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Netrin-1 gradient in Xenopus laevis ganglion cell can induce turning of retinal growth cones in vitro to steer axons out of the retina. (wikipedia.org)
  • Our investigations utilize in vivo mouse retina and human retinal organoids derived from pluripotent stem cells as study systems. (nih.gov)
  • The macula is part of the eye's retina, which is the light-sensitive tissue mostly composed of the eye's visual cells: cone and rod photoreceptor cells. (ophthalmologytimes.com)
  • The retina also contains a layer called the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which has several important functions, including light absorption, cleaning up cellular waste, and keeping the other cells of the eye healthy. (ophthalmologytimes.com)
  • The differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into retinal pigment epithelium for therapeutic use to treat acute macular degeneration. (ophthalmologytimes.com)
  • The "spotlights" represent the use of single-cell RNA sequencing to reveal the gene expression state of cells at early, mid, and late time points of retinal pigment epithelium differentiation. (ophthalmologytimes.com)
  • Suppressing Ca 2+ transients by photorelease of a Ca 2+ chelator accelerates axon extension, whereas mimicking transients with photorelease of Ca 2+ slows otherwise rapid axonal growth. (nature.com)
  • The establishment of neural circuits depends on the ability of axonal growth cones to sense their surrounding environment en route to their target. (biologists.com)
  • Growth cones at the tips of extending neurites migrate through complex environments in the developing nervous system and guide axons to appropriate target regions using local cues 1 , 2 . (nature.com)
  • Axon guidance is mediated by the effects of attractant and repellent guidance cues on the cytoskeleton of growth cones and axons. (biologists.com)
  • Guidance cues activate signaling transduction pathways that, in turn, regulate the dynamics and organization of the neuronal cytoskeleton. (biologists.com)
  • Guidance cues can steer growth cones towards or away from the source of the cue. (biologists.com)
  • Repellent guidance cues induce growth cone collapse, characterized by the loss of protrusive lamellipodia and filopodia ( Gallo and Letourneau, 2004 ). (biologists.com)
  • Importantly, repellent guidance cues cause growth cone collapse and depolymerize growth cone F-actin while promoting axon retraction ( Gallo and Letourneau, 2004 ). (biologists.com)
  • Elongating neurites, tipped by growth cones, explore guidance cues in their environment for appropriate paths ( Tessier-Lavigne and Goodman, 1996 ). (silverchair.com)
  • During neuronal development, axons navigate to their targets by sensing attractive and repulsive signals through receptors located on their growth cones [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Despite the recent advancements in treatment (in particular anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents) and efforts in early detection of the disease, DR was still ranked in the top five leading causes of blindness and vision impairment, together with uncorrected refractive error, cataracts, glaucoma, and age-related macular degeneration, in adults aged 50 years and older in 2020. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The aim of this work was to compare the cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) scan measurements between buy BYL719 patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and snorers to develop a prediction model for OSA based on CBCT imaging and the Berlin questionnaire. (narturalproduct.com)
  • Pharmacological inhibition of glycolysis in the presence of NGF impairs axon extension and growth cone dynamics within minutes without affecting axon maintenance. (jneurosci.org)
  • These data indicate that the glycolytic pathway is operative in distal axons and contributes to the rate of axon extension and growth cone dynamics in the presence of NGF and that, in the absence of NGF, the axonal glycolytic pathway is required for axon maintenance. (jneurosci.org)
  • The growth cone is the site of axon extension, and it is characterized by a complex morphology wholly dependent on the actin filaments that underlie filopodia and lamellipodia formation and dynamics ( Dent and Gertler, 2003 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • Manganese suppresses ATP-dependent intercellular calcium waves in astrocyte networks through alteration of mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum calcium dynamics. (tamu.edu)
  • While neural function and survival rely on proper mitochondrial function, and a growing body of literature has supported the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the development of DR, how diabetes affects mitochondrial function in retinal tissue remains elusive. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study, we have discovered autonomous rotational motility of the growth cone, which provides a cellular basis for inherent neurite turning. (silverchair.com)
  • We have developed a technique for monitoring three-dimensional motility of growth cone filopodia and demonstrate that an individual filopodium rotates on its own longitudinal axis in the right-screw direction from the viewpoint of the growth cone body. (silverchair.com)
  • Although the growth cone itself has been regarded as functionally symmetric, our study reveals the asymmetric nature of growth cone motility. (silverchair.com)
  • Myers, P. Z. & Bastiani, M. J. Growth cone dynamics during the migration of an identified commissural growth cone. (nature.com)
  • this allows the growth cone of the commissural axon to cross the midline by preventing Robo/Slit repulsive interactions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Knockdown of GAPDH simplifies growth cone morphology and is rescued by shRNA-resistant GAPDH expression. (jneurosci.org)
  • Longitudinal changes in retinal function and morphology were assessed with electroretinography (ERG) and optical coherence tomography (OCT), respectively, at 9, 13, 17, and 25 weeks of age. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Importantly, diabetes-induced damage to retinal neural cells and visual function, which may not be revealed by conventional fundus assessments, cannot be readily reversed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • this permits Robo/Slit repulsion and prevents the growth cone from crossing the midline again. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hernaiz-Llorens M, Roselló-Busquets C, Durisic N, Filip A, Ulloa F, Martínez-Mármol R, Soriano E . Growth cone repulsion to Netrin-1 depends on lipid raft microdomains enriched in UNC5 receptors. (neurotree.org)
  • Furthermore, semaphorin 3A promotes the formation of intra-axonal F-actin bundles in concert with the loss of F-actin in growth cone lamellipodia and filopodia. (biologists.com)
  • Circadian and cAMP-dependent modulation of retinal cone cGMP-gated channels does not require protein synthesis or calcium influx through L-type channels. (tamu.edu)
  • Targeted Deletion of Vesicular GABA Transporter from Retinal Horizontal Cells Eliminates Feedback Modulation of Photoreceptor Calcium Channels. (neurotree.org)
  • The frequency of Ca 2+ transients is cell-type specific and depends on the position of growth cones along their pathway. (nature.com)
  • Godement, P., Wang, L. C. & Mason, C. A. Retinal axon divergence in the optic chiasm: dynamics of growth cone behavior at the midline. (nature.com)
  • Electroretinogram studies in the acute phase demonstrate a selective reduction in the S-cone b-wave. (medscape.com)
  • Maeda H, Nakamura M, Negi A. Selective reduction of the S-cone component of the electroretinogram in Posner-Schlossman syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • The blue cone identity is ensured by selective expression of blue (sws2) opsin, and the mechanism is poorly understood because sws2 gene has been lost in mammalian species such as mouse, whose visual system has been extensively studied. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • We previously discovered that that Maf-family bZIP transcription factor NRL is critical for rod photoreceptor fate and functional differentiation, and that loss of NRL leads to S-cones instead of rods. (nih.gov)
  • None of the differentiation protocols proposed for clinical trials have been scrutinized over time at the single-cell level - we know they can make retinal pigment cells, but how cells evolve to that state remains a mystery," Gioele La Manno, PhD, a researcher with EPFL's Life Sciences Independent Research (ELISIR) program, noted in a news release. (ophthalmologytimes.com)
  • Here we report that growth cones generate transient elevations of [Ca 2+ ] i as they migrate within the embryonic spinal cord and that the rate of axon outgrowth is inversely proportional to the frequency of transients. (nature.com)
  • This allowed them to map out all the transient states within a population as they grew into retinal pigment cells, but also to optimize the protocol and suppress the growth of non-RPE cells, thus preventing the formation of contaminant cell populations. (ophthalmologytimes.com)
  • Mechanistically, Eph/ephrin signalling controls local cytoskeletal dynamics and thereby allows cellular shape changes that underlie repulsive or migratory responses. (silverchair.com)
  • Eph-ephrin signalling can be bi-directional and controls actin cytoskeleton dynamics, thereby leading to changes in cellular shape. (silverchair.com)
  • F-actin is concentrated at the growth cone and sparse in the axon ( Letourneau, 1983 ). (biologists.com)
  • how can myosin II drive axon retraction if the major source of the required substratum for force generation, growth cone F-actin, has been depleted? (biologists.com)
  • This research has been extended to include how aging affects retinal and photoreceptor function. (nih.gov)
  • What are intrinsic control mechanisms that lead to photoreceptor cell fate from retinal progenitors? (nih.gov)
  • Gomez, T. M., Snow, D. M. & Letourneau, P. C. Characterization of spontaneous calcium transients in nerve growth cones and their effect on growth cone migration. (nature.com)
  • These results demonstrate distinct patterns of spontaneous [Ca 2+ ] i change in cortical precursor cells and raise the possibility that these dynamics may contribute to the regulation of neurogenesis. (jneurosci.org)
  • These results demonstrate the relevance of SK1 in the growth and maintenance of lymphoma in the absence of p53 function, positioning this enzyme as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of tumors that lack functional p53. (bvsalud.org)
  • These ten-1 mutants are reported to have defects in the growth of several axons and in the development of the gonads and epidermis, and these defects correlated with disruptions in the extracellular matrix (ECM). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Single Cell Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal the Impact of bHLH Factors on Human Retinal Organoid Development. (neurotree.org)
  • The most suitable kinetic model to describe this curing process was the autocatalytic Sestak-Berggren model, which is applied to heterogeneous systems governed by nucleation and growth. (narturalproduct.com)
  • It was not until the discovery of a third photoreceptor (besides rods and cones) in the human eye and the evidence of the biological influence from light that the lighting community began to relate human health and well-being to light. (shine.lighting)
  • Human centric lighting is a lighting concept that puts the focus on bringing the dynamics of natural daylight back into people's everyday lives through biologically effective artificial lighting. (shine.lighting)
  • Employing both genetic and pharmacological approaches to inhibit SK1 function in Trp53KO mice, we show that targeting SK1 decreases tumor growth of established p53KO thymic lymphoma. (bvsalud.org)
  • Methods pertinent to homology modeling, virtual screening, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, assessment of ADME properties, cytotoxicity assays for anticancer molecules of natural/synthetic origin in breast cancer cells (BT-474, T-47D), and Western blotting were used in this study. (bvsalud.org)
  • For the field to move forward, it is important to understand aspects of the dynamics of what happens in these protocols. (ophthalmologytimes.com)
  • Fluorescence microscopy offers a versatile solution to study the dynamics of biology at the mesoscale. (duke.edu)
  • Immunohistochemistry showed that the retinas of the db/db mice at 25 weeks were thinner at the outer and inner nuclear layers, with lower photoreceptor and cone cell densities compared with the db/+ mice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Retinal and macular diseases are a major cause of visual impairment and affect the quality of life of millions worldwide. (nih.gov)
  • The cone photoreceptor which responds to all colors in the visual spectrum contributes to vision in high light levels (photopic vision). (shine.lighting)
  • Reduced rate of retinal detachment apex cheats elitepvpers silicone oil removal. (feiqizhili.cn)
  • Our results indicate that environmentally regulated growth-cone Ca 2+ transients control axon growth in the developing spinal cord. (nature.com)
  • The Orsay Virus as a model for population-wide viral infection dynamics. (ericmiskalab.org)