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Retinal DetachmentRetinaScleral BucklingVitrectomySilicone OilsVitreoretinopathy, ProliferativeRetinal PerforationsVitreous BodyVitreous DetachmentVisual AcuityVitreous HemorrhageUveal DiseasesEye DiseasesRetinal DiseasesPhotoreceptor Cells, VertebrateEndotamponadeFundus OculiFluorescein AngiographyEpiretinal MembranePigment Epithelium of EyeEye Injuries, PenetratingEye InjuriesColobomaOphthalmologic Surgical ProceduresExudates and TransudatesMacula LuteaLight CoagulationSubretinal FluidLaser CoagulationMyopiaChoroidCataract ExtractionChoroid DiseasesRetinal DegenerationInjections, IntraocularChoroid NeoplasmsCryotherapyInjectionsRetinal HemorrhageCryosurgeryElectroretinographyScleral DiseasesScleraEye Diseases, HereditaryTomography, Optical CoherencePseudophakiaPosterior Eye SegmentFluorocarbonsPostoperative ComplicationsRetinopathy of PrematurityRetinal VesselsFluorescent Antibody Technique, IndirectEye EnucleationPhotoreceptor CellsEye Foreign BodiesRetinoschisisLaser TherapySulfur HexafluorideRetinal Necrosis Syndrome, AcuteDiabetic RetinopathyRetinal NeovascularizationLens SubluxationCataractEye ProteinsCentral Serous ChorioretinopathyPhacoemulsificationMyopia, DegenerativeBody FluidsRetinal Pigment EpitheliumIodatesRetinal Cone Photoreceptor CellsEye EviscerationNeurogliaChoroiditisEyeGlial Fibrillary Acidic ProteinRats, Inbred BNRetrospective StudiesOphthalmoscopyIntravitreal InjectionsBlood-Retinal BarrierLens Implantation, IntraocularRabbitsFollow-Up StudiesIntraoperative ComplicationsCurrent Procedural TerminologyRetinal Ganglion CellsDisease Models, AnimalScleritisBinomial DistributionAphakia, PostcataractDark AdaptationRetinal DysplasiaRetinal TelangiectasisEndophthalmitisOpsinsUveitisPostoperative PeriodTreatment OutcomeArgon
TearPigment epitheliumLead to retinal detachmentRhegmatogenousEpitheliumRisk of retinalDisordersNeurosensory retinaVitrectomyDiabetic RetinopathyFloatersSurgeryLattice DegenerationSigns of retinal detachmentTypes of retinal detachmentCases of retinal detachmentCauses retinal detachmentPrevent retinal detachmentPosterior detachmentScleralRetinoschisisTears or holes in the RetinaDetachesLesionsSeparatesOccurVisual acuityPrognosisExudative retinalBlindnessHemorrhageSymptomsFundusSeal the retinalSmall retinalOccursFluid accumulationOpticPull on the retinaEpithelialMyopicSeparationProliferativeGiant retinalSurface of the retinaLensHolesOptical coherenceBlood vesselsTractionalVitreous detachmentOuter retina
Tear30
  • Traction of the vitreous at these specific locations can cause a tear or a hole in the retina, through which the vitreous humor enters, inducing retinal detachment and subsequent evolution of the retina. (institutoderetina.pt)
  • Once the subclinical tear and / or detachment develops, the treatment will always be surgical, in order to reapply the retina. (institutoderetina.pt)
  • Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment occurs as a result of a break (usually a tear or hole) in the Retina that permits fluid to pass into the space underneath the Retina. (eyecaremed.com)
  • Exudative Retinal Detachment may occur due to inflammation, injury or a Retinal Vascular Disease that causes fluid accumulation underneath the Retina without the presence of a Retinal Hole or Retinal Tear. (eyecaremed.com)
  • Cryopexy and Laser Retinopexy are often used to create an adhesion or scar around the edge of a Retinal Hole, or small Retinal Tear in order to prevent fluid from passing through the area and underneath the Retina and causing a Retinal Detachment. (eyecaremed.com)
  • Treatment will normally depend on the extent of the detachment or tear. (specsavers.co.uk)
  • Liquid vitreous enters through a cortical tear and detaches the macular vitreous cortex, causing a partial vitreous detachment. (aao.org)
  • Figure 16-2 Schematic representations of mechanisms of retinal tear formation associated with posterior vitreous separation. (aao.org)
  • Patients with an acute PVD complicated by a retinal tear are 7 times more likely to present with vitreous pigment or granules than are those without a tear. (aao.org)
  • Giant Retinal Tear 6 weeks s/p PPV, SB, and GFE 425 views Pt. (retinagallery.com)
  • a retinal tear(s) is present. (medscape.com)
  • If the retina is detached, it must be reattached before sealing the retinal tear. (rvcoklahoma.com)
  • This involves injecting a special gas bubble into the eye that pushes on the retina to seal the tear. (rvcoklahoma.com)
  • Our ophthalmologist first must drain the fluid from under the retina before sewing the buckle on the outer eye wall to give support to the tear while it heals. (rvcoklahoma.com)
  • Reattachment of the retina involves closing the retinal tear and preventing the retina from pulling away from the back of the eye again. (uclahealth.org)
  • Cryotherapy: Freezing the back wall of the eye behind a retinal tear functions much like laser photocoagulation. (uclahealth.org)
  • It stimulates the formation of scar tissue and seals down the edges of the tear, so that fluid cannot pass through and collect under the retina. (uclahealth.org)
  • Laser photocoagulation or freezing may be used to seal the retinal tear. (uclahealth.org)
  • However, if the forces of separation are strong or concentrated in a particular part of the retina, or if there is an abnormal adhesion (sticking together) between the vitreous gel and the retina (such as lattice degeneration ), the PVD can tear the retina or a retinal blood vessel. (asrs.org)
  • Flashes and floaters are typically more obvious when PVD is complicated by a retinal tear or vitreous hemorrhage. (asrs.org)
  • That said, complications of PVD are rare but can be serious and require urgent treatment, such as laser for a retinal tear or surgery for a retinal detachment . (asrs.org)
  • A dilated eye exam can help your eye doctor find a small retinal tear or detachment early, before it starts to affect your vision. (nih.gov)
  • Sometimes, retinal tissue can tear (known as retinal breaks). (cochrane.org)
  • When the traction, or stretching, is strong enough, it can result in the vitreous gel's separating from the retina, with or without a retinal tear. (everydayhealth.com)
  • Floaters result when pigment is released into the vitreous gel after a retinal tear develops. (everydayhealth.com)
  • These represent material that is released from the pigment epithelium behind the retina when a tear occurs. (everydayhealth.com)
  • If you notice that the number of this type of floater suddenly increases, especially if they are associated with flashes, it may be a warning sign that a retinal tear has occurred. (everydayhealth.com)
  • When the vitreous shrinks it can pull on the retina and cause a tear. (houstoneye.com)
  • A retinal detachment may begin in a small area, usually as the result of a retinal break (tear or, less commonly, a hole). (msdmanuals.com)
  • 2. Presence of macular fibrosis or retinal epithelial tear, clinically relevant myopic degeneration, or vitreous hemorrhage a. (who.int)
Pigment epithelium9
Lead to retinal detachment3
Rhegmatogenous7
Epithelium2
  • Retinal detachment consists of the separation of the neuro-sensory retina from the pigmented epithelium. (institutoderetina.pt)
  • Vitreous collagen fibers at this base are so firmly attached to the retina and pars plana epithelium that the vitreous cannot be separated without tearing these tissues. (aao.org)
Risk of retinal5
  • In normal, healthy eyes, the risk of Retinal Detachment is about 5 per 100,000 per year with a greater frequency in the middle-aged or elderly population of perhaps 20 per 100,000 per year. (eyecaremed.com)
  • Furthermore, if you are nearsighted or myopic, you may be more prone to Peripheral Retinal Degenerations, of which Lattice Degeneration may also increase your risk of Retinal Detachment making regular eye examinations an even more important part of your routine health care. (eyecaremed.com)
  • But you can lower your risk of retinal detachment from an eye injury by wearing safety goggles or other protective eye gear when doing risky activities, like playing sports. (nih.gov)
  • Parents should be informed of the risk of retinal detachment and the importance of immediate medical assessment if there is any change in the vision status of the child. (chargesyndrome.org)
  • Why are patients still at lifelong risk of retinal detachment after surgery? (healthtap.com)
Disorders2
  • The researchers developed a form of the omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) that can cross into the retina to minimize visual difficulties related to Alzheimer's disease and other disorders, such as macular degeneration . (healthline.com)
  • Causes In refractive disorders, light rays entering the eye are not focused on the retina, causing blurred vision. (msdmanuals.com)
Neurosensory retina3
  • The transparent portion of the retina is known as the neurosensory retina. (medscape.com)
  • Optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the right macula revealed detachment of the inner neurosensory retina with hyperreflective material in the subretinal space (Figure 2). (medscape.com)
  • Detachment of the neurosensory retina of the right eye. (medscape.com)
Vitrectomy4
Diabetic Retinopathy7
Floaters6
  • Floaters are caused by vitreous opacities such as blood, glial cells torn from the optic nerve head, or aggregated collagen fibers, all of which can cast shadows on the retina. (aao.org)
  • Important predictors of subsequent new retinal breaks are vitreous hemorrhage at the initial examination and an increase in the number of floaters after the initial examination. (aao.org)
  • If PVD is complicated by vitreous hemorrhage , retinal detachment , epiretinal membrane , or macular hole , the flashes and floaters may be accompanied by decreased or distorted vision. (asrs.org)
  • This therapy is of value in the management of retinal tears associated with the symptoms of flashes and floaters and persistent vitreous traction upon the retina in the region of the retinal break, because such symptomatic retinal tears are associated with a high rate of progression to retinal detachment. (cochrane.org)
  • The presence of floaters is common in middle-aged individuals, particularly those who have conditions of the eye, such as nearsightedness , in which the vitreous body more frequently detaches from the retina. (everydayhealth.com)
  • Floaters and flashes are sometimes associated with retinal tears. (houstoneye.com)
Surgery16
Lattice Degeneration10
  • We reviewed the evidence about whether treatment of retinal breaks (holes or tears in the retina) and retinal lattice degeneration (thinning and atrophy of retinal tissue) can prevent retinal detachment, a serious vision-threatening problem. (cochrane.org)
  • Retinal lattice degeneration is a condition associated with retinal breaks in which the retinal tissue breaks down or thins in a lattice pattern. (cochrane.org)
  • Because retinal breaks and lattice degeneration are associated with retinal detachment, treatment of these conditions has been proposed as a way to prevent retinal detachment. (cochrane.org)
  • No conclusions could be reached about the effectiveness of surgical interventions to prevent retinal detachment in eyes with asymptomatic retinal breaks or lattice degeneration, or both. (cochrane.org)
  • Asymptomatic retinal breaks and lattice degeneration are visible lesions that are risk factors for later retinal detachment. (cochrane.org)
  • Creation of an adhesion surrounding retinal breaks and lattice degeneration, with laser photocoagulation or cryotherapy, has been recommended as an effective means of preventing retinal detachment. (cochrane.org)
  • Retinal tears and holes unassociated with acute symptoms and lattice degeneration are significantly less likely to be the sites of retinal breaks that are responsible for later retinal detachment. (cochrane.org)
  • The objective of this review was to assess the effectiveness and safety of techniques used to treat asymptomatic retinal breaks and lattice degeneration for the prevention of retinal detachment. (cochrane.org)
  • This review was designed to include randomized controlled trials in which one treatment for asymptomatic retinal breaks and lattice degeneration was compared with another treatment or no treatment. (cochrane.org)
  • Benign conditions of the vitreous (ie, posterior vitreous detachment) or peripheral retina (ie, paving stone degeneration, lattice degeneration, etc.) are permitted. (who.int)
Signs of retinal detachment1
Types of retinal detachment1
Cases of retinal detachment3
Causes retinal detachment1
Prevent retinal detachment1
Posterior detachment2
  • This gelatinous structure undergoes rheological changes with age, which induce the posterior detachment of the vitreous. (institutoderetina.pt)
  • In other cases, such as myopia, an inflammatory process or ocular trauma, posterior detachment of the vitreous can condition one or more retinal tears. (institutoderetina.pt)
Scleral3
Retinoschisis2
Tears or holes in the Retina2
  • Tears or holes in the Retina may actually occur without causing any symptoms to occur. (eyecaremed.com)
  • There is no evidence to demonstrate the effectiveness of prophylactic therapy for asymptomatic tears or holes in the retina. (cochrane.org)
Detaches2
  • If your retina tears or begins to pull away (detaches) from the back of your eye your vision may blur or a shadow may develop in your vision. (nuffieldhealth.com)
  • When the retina detaches, it separates from part of its blood supply. (msdmanuals.com)
Lesions6
  • It is important that people with myopia or relatives of people who have had a retinal detachment perform periodic eye exams by a retinal specialist so that early detection of predisposing peripheral retinal lesions is performed. (institutoderetina.pt)
  • Routine binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy (B10) or optos® imaging often detects peripheral retinal lesions. (retinarevealed.com)
  • This chapter reviews the most common lesions and antecedent events that lead to the development of retinal breaks and the subsequent mechanism of retinal detachment. (aao.org)
  • After reading the chapter, the reader should be comfortable with the diagnosis and management of retinal detachment and its predisposing lesions. (aao.org)
  • Ocular toxocariasis can induce decreased visual acuity, uveitis, retinal granuloma, endophthalmitis, and other ocular lesions that often lead to sudden vision loss in the affected eye. (medscape.com)
  • A CHOROID neovascularization characterized by serosanguineous retinal pigment epithelial detachment and leakage of serous exudate sometimes associated with aneurysmal polypoidal lesions. (bvsalud.org)
Separates2
  • Retinal detachment is a condition where the retina separates from the supporting structure of the back of the eye. (rvcoklahoma.com)
  • Eventually it cannot fill the whole volume of the eye's vitreous cavity (which remains the same size during adulthood) and so the gel separates from the retina, located at the very back of the eye cavity. (asrs.org)
Occur3
  • Most vitreous detachments occur naturally and do not cause structural damage to the retina. (institutoderetina.pt)
  • In fact, 67% of Retinal Detachment cases occur in myopic eyes. (eyecaremed.com)
  • Retinal detachment is a painless sight-threatening eye problem that causes a number of symptoms and warning signs that occur often before the actual detachment happens. (eyecaremed.com)
Visual acuity2
Prognosis1
  • The anatomic and functional postoperative prognosis is directly related to the evolution time of the detachment. (institutoderetina.pt)
Exudative retinal10
  • In contrast, exudative retinal detachments assume a convex configuration and have no retinal breaks. (medscape.com)
  • When there is an increase in the inflow of fluid or a decrease in the outflow of fluid from the vitreous cavity that overwhelms the normal compensatory mechanisms, fluid accumulates in the subretinal space leading to an exudative retinal detachment. (medscape.com)
  • The composition of the choroidal interstitial fluid plays a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of an exudative retinal detachment. (medscape.com)
  • Any pathologic process that affects choroidal vascular permeability can potentially cause an exudative retinal detachment. (medscape.com)
  • Given the diverse nature of the underlying causes of exudative retinal detachments, no reports are available on the frequency of this condition. (medscape.com)
  • For instance, a patient with an exudative retinal detachment from scleritis secondary to rheumatoid arthritis has a severe condition. (medscape.com)
  • Exudative retinal detachment secondary to preeclampsia usually resolves without long-term complications. (medscape.com)
  • In patients with ocular inflammatory disease, Blacks had a higher incidence and prevalence of exudative retinal detachment. (medscape.com)
  • Ophthalmologic findings include macular edema and blot hemorrhages (10), cotton wool spots (1), retinal vasculitis (4), exudative retinal detachment (2), and anterior uveitis (1). (cdc.gov)
  • Systemic diseases manifesting as exudative retinal detachment. (medscape.com)
Blindness3
Hemorrhage4
  • Vitreous hemorrhage may arise from avulsion of superficial retinal or prepapillary vessels or from rupture of retinal vessels that cross retinal tears. (aao.org)
  • If vitreous hemorrhage is present, then 50%-70% have retinal tears, versus only 7%-12% without vitreous hemorrhage. (aao.org)
  • Creating experimental retinal detachments with a reproducible and sustained height of detachment, and without subretinal hemorrhage, is important for studying the pathophysiology of photoreceptor cell loss in retinal disease and evaluating potential therapeutic interventions. (jove.com)
  • Subretinal hemorrhage of the right eye, under the fovea and inferior to the optic disc, with peripheral areas of retinal whitening. (medscape.com)
Symptoms7
Fundus3
  • Fundus photograph of RE showing retinal detachment temporally, with macular involvement. (asrs.org)
  • Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) of the outer retina, fundus autofluorescence (FAF), and microperimetry. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) of the outer retina, fundus autofluorescence (FAF), and microperimetry. (unboundmedicine.com)
Seal the retinal2
Small retinal1
  • Laser photocoagulation: When there are small retinal tears, with little or no nearby retinal detachment, the tears are generally repaired with a laser. (uclahealth.org)
Occurs3
  • Having easily replaced stalk eyes (some lobsters) or retinae (some spiders, such as Deinopis) rarely occurs. (wikipedia.org)
  • Special neural receptors of the retina become activated when the stretching occurs, creating the sensation of flashing. (everydayhealth.com)
  • Most retinal detachments can be repaired, resulting in some restoration of vision if done soon after the detachment occurs. (msdmanuals.com)
Fluid accumulation1
  • It avoids fluid accumulation under the inferior retina and seems to limit the rate of inferior retinectomy reopening. (springer.com)
Optic9
  • The optics of the eye create a focused two-dimensional image of the visual world on the retina, which then processes that image within the retina and sends nerve impulses along the optic nerve to the visual cortex to create visual perception. (wikipedia.org)
  • Light striking the retina initiates a cascade of chemical and electrical events that ultimately trigger nerve impulses that are sent to various visual centres of the brain through the fibres of the optic nerve. (wikipedia.org)
  • Neural signals from the rods and cones undergo processing by other neurons, whose output takes the form of action potentials in retinal ganglion cells whose axons form the optic nerve. (wikipedia.org)
  • therefore, the optic nerve must cross through the retina en route to the brain. (wikipedia.org)
  • The average healthy retina is 250-µm thick immediately adjacent to the temporal margin of the optic nerve. (medscape.com)
  • Retinal nerve fibers exit the eye through the optic nerve, located nasally and on the same plane as the anatomical center of the retina. (medscape.com)
  • There is no retinal tissue overlying the optic nerve head. (medscape.com)
  • The center of the optic disc is located 4.5 mm to 5 mm nasal to the anatomical center of the retina. (medscape.com)
  • The neuroretina is tightly attached to the underlying retinal pigment only at the margins of the optic nerve and at the ora serrata. (medscape.com)
Pull on the retina1
  • There are a number of surgical procedures that involve sealing any tears, reducing the pull on the retina, or moving it back into position for reattachment. (specsavers.co.uk)
Epithelial1
  • The neural retina consists of several layers of neurons interconnected by synapses and is supported by an outer layer of pigmented epithelial cells. (wikipedia.org)
Myopic5
  • It is most common in people who are myopic or who have had a problem with the retina. (institutoderetina.pt)
  • Retinal Detachment is more frequent if you are myopic or nearsighted and especially if your prescription is above 6.00 Diopters of correction. (eyecaremed.com)
  • Therefore, it is important that you have routine eye examinations, especially if you are nearsighted or myopic, or if you play contact sports and might be subjected to eye trauma, in order to rule out the presence of Retinal Breaks before they cause loss of vision. (eyecaremed.com)
  • Fellow-eye detachments are more common in pseudophakic individuals and those with a more myopic refractive error. (bmj.com)
  • For those aged 18-50 years, retinal dystrophies (37%), congenital eye anomalies (14%) and myopic degenerations (13%) were the most common causes. (who.int)
Separation4
  • These holes allow fluid to pass beneath the retina, causing separation from the underlying, supporting and nourishing tissues. (spirehealthcare.com)
  • This separation is known as retinal detachment. (cochrane.org)
  • The appearance of flashing lights comes from the traction of the vitreous gel on the retina at the time of vitreous separation. (houstoneye.com)
  • Detachment of the retina is separation of the retina (the transparent, light-sensitive structure at the back of the eye) from the underlying layer to which it is attached. (msdmanuals.com)
Proliferative3
  • Complicated retinal detachments with severe posterior and anterior proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) were included in this study. (springer.com)
  • Machemer R, Aaberg TM, Freeman HM, Irvine AR, Lean JS, Michels RM (1991) An updated classification of retinal detachment with proliferative vitreoretinopathy. (springer.com)
  • Advanced stage (proliferative): In this stage, the retina begins to grow new blood vessels. (cdc.gov)
Giant retinal1
  • Cammacho H, Bajaire B, Mejia LF (1992) Silicone oil in the management of giant retinal tears. (springer.com)
Surface of the retina2
  • Whether the vitreous is attached to or separated from the surface of the retina may be difficult to determine using biomicroscopy. (aao.org)
  • The inner surface of the retina is adjacent to the vitreous of the eye. (medscape.com)
Lens2
  • These new vessels are fragile and often bleed into the vitreous (the clear gel between the lens and retina). (cdc.gov)
  • Assuming that the ocular media (cornea, anterior chamber, lens, and vitreous) are not cloudy, the living retina can be examined using a direct or indirect ophthalmoscope or a retinal lens at the slit lamp. (medscape.com)
Holes3
Optical coherence1
Blood vessels4
  • Your doctor will also look at the retina and inside of your eyes and may use a dye to reveal leaky blood vessels. (cdc.gov)
  • Blood vessels in the retina can leak blood and fluid. (msdmanuals.com)
  • His ophthalmic examination revealed large nerve fiber layer hemorrhages in the posterior pole, significant macular edema, and areas of polygonal retinal whitening sparing the blood vessels, consistent with a diagnosis of Purtscher-like retinopathy. (bvsalud.org)
  • The arterioles and venules of the retina are the only blood vessels whose wall can be directly examined in the living human without an incision. (medscape.com)
Tractional1
  • Tractional retinal detachments are characterized by a concave shape. (medscape.com)
Vitreous detachment5
Outer retina1
  • The retinal whitening involved the outer retina and was without any associated vitreous opacities or inflammation. (medscape.com)