Anomalous retinal correspondenceRetinaCorresponding retinal pointsFoveaGanglion cellsPigmentOcclusionBinocularDisparityTumor suppressionNeuralMacular degenerationDiseasesPhotoreceptorStimulusMechanismsInhibitionCorticalOculomotorDiplopiaPhysiologicIntravitrealAmblyopiaExotropiaMechanismDisordersIndiaAbsenceCentralInflammationCentrePlays a critical roleAddressImagesCellVisionPointsDevelopmentAuthorResultsCancerTestsRelativeFoundObject
Anomalous retinal correspondence3
- The Worth Four Light Test (Worth's Four Dot test, W4LT) is a clinical test assessing binocular vision, including diplopia, suppression, and anomalous retinal correspondence (ARC). (aao.org)
- In two patients, the simulated exodeviation might have triggered a shift from normal to anomalous retinal correspondence. (ucm.es)
- Cooper J, Feldman J. Panoramic viewing, visual acuity of the deviating eye and anomalous retinal correspondence in the intermittent exotropia of the divergence excess type. (ucm.es)
Retina6
- Corresponding retinal points are points stimulated on the retina that give rise to the same visual direction. (optography.org)
- Diplopia is eradicated by the process of peripheral suppression, in which the image from the peripheral retina of the deviating eye is inhibited. (optography.org)
- RVO can be divided into two main types: branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) and central retina vein occlusion (CRVO) according to anatomic location of occlusion. (biomedcentral.com)
- Prolonged suppression of vascular endothelial growth factor raises concerns as it may result in harmful effects on retina. (openophthalmologyjournal.com)
- Changes of inner and outer retinal thickness in four selected points of normal retina on the MM5 scan were evaluated. (openophthalmologyjournal.com)
- No significant change was observed in inner and outer retinal thickness at pre-selected spots of normal retina during the first year of intravitreal administration of ranibizumab. (openophthalmologyjournal.com)
Corresponding retinal points4
- The locus of object points in space that stimulate corresponding retinal points of the two eyes when the eyes are fixating binocularly one of these object points. (optography.org)
- Simultaneous appreciation of two superimposed but dissimilar images caused by simulation of corresponding retinal points by images of different objects. (optography.org)
- The most notable of the corresponding retinal points are the two foveas. (seevividly.com)
- When stimulation of corresponding retinal points or areas produces single vision, normal retinal correspondence is said to be present. (seevividly.com)
Fovea2
- In central suppression the image from the fovea of the deviating eye is inhibited to avoid confusion. (optography.org)
- The fovea is the retinal location responsible for the best visual acuity. (seevividly.com)
Ganglion cells5
- To evaluate the neuroprotective and neurite outgrowth effects of maltol, a natural aroma compound, on retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) under oxidative stress in vitro. (molvis.org)
- However, after it was discovered that oxidative stress injury to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) is a leading pathophysiology of glaucoma [ 2 ], researchers' attention has turned to how to directly rescue the damaged RGCs from fatal oxidative stress. (molvis.org)
- It is also believed that a combination of classical photoreceptors (rods and cones) and melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cells participate in circadian phototransduction, with a spectral sensitivity peaking between 440 and 500 nm. (biomedcentral.com)
- These findings are hypothesized to be the result of a change in the sensitivity of the melanopsin-expressing retinal ganglion cells to light during the night. (biomedcentral.com)
- 6 ] showed that a subset of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) innervating the SCN were directly photosensitive and able to convert electromagnetic radiation into neural signals. (biomedcentral.com)
Pigment2
- 1 They also stabilize endothelial and retinal pigment epithelial tight junctions and restore the integrity of blood retinal barrier. (dovepress.com)
- retinal pigment epithelial cell line). (deepdyve.com)
Occlusion3
- DEX implant has evidence of efficacy in a variety of clinical situations including macular edema associated with retinal vein occlusion, diabetes, uveitis, and others. (dovepress.com)
- To evaluate the impact of optical coherence tomography (OCT) biomarkers on intravitreal dexamethasone (DEX) implant clinical outcomes in patients with macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO-ME). (biomedcentral.com)
- Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion. (slackbooks.com)
Binocular2
Disparity2
- Accommodative and vergence accuracy, dissociated heterophoria, and vergence/accommodation ratios in the absence of retinal disparity cues were measured for 33- and 80-cm viewing distances. (bvsalud.org)
- Stereopsis occurs when retinal disparity is large enough for simple1 fusion but small enough not to cause diplopia. (optography.org)
Tumor suppression2
- In summary, our results show that Sox2 repression by pRb is a relevant mechanism of tumor suppression. (oncotarget.com)
- Cellular senescence is a stress response of mammalian cells leading to a durable arrest of cell proliferation that has been implicated in tumor suppression, wound healing, and aging. (biomedcentral.com)
Neural3
- At this juncture, through the present study it was found that, chicken neural retinal cells when grown alone failed to survive and contrarily when either co-cultured with chicken amniotic epithelial cells / cultured in amniotic epithelial cell conditioned medium not only survived but also showed extensive differentiation. (scielo.org.ar)
- Fibroblast Growth Factor - 2 (FGF-2) plays a critical role in retinal development especially in chicken neural retinal development. (scielo.org.ar)
- Loss of FKBP8 causes ectopic and ligand-independent activation of the Shh pathway, leading to expansion of ventral cell fates in the posterior neural tube and suppression of eye development. (silverchair.com)
Macular degeneration2
- Hypoxia is a critical pathological factor in a variety of retinal diseases, including age-related macular degeneration. (molvis.org)
- The purpose of this retrospective chart review is to evaluate the 1-year effect of treatment with intravitreal injections of ranibizumab on normal neurosensory retinal tissue of patients with exudative age related macular degeneration using the Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). (openophthalmologyjournal.com)
Diseases4
- Complement C3 (C3) is a core component of the complement activation pathway, and dysregulation of the complement pathway is involved in several retinal degenerative diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
- Therefore, it is important to elucidate the pathological mechanism underlying retinal degenerative diseases to aid the development of novel therapies. (biomedcentral.com)
- Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has dramatically changed the approach of retinal diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
- Oxidative stress plays a key role in driving pathological events in several different ocular diseases, which lead to retinal degeneration and ultimately blindness. (mdpi.com)
Photoreceptor3
- In summary, our study found that C3 KO promotes photoreceptor cell survival and activates the Nrf2 signaling pathway in the context of alkylation-induced retinal degeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
- A previous study also reported that retinal photoreceptor cells express P2X purinoceptor 7 (P2X7R) and that the P2X7 antagonist brilliant blue G (BBG), an approved adjuvant used in ocular surgery, prevents photoreceptor cell damage [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- An increase in the percentage of melatonin suppression and an increase in pupil constriction for the mercury source relative to the blue light source at night were found, suggesting a temporal change in the contribution of photoreceptor mechanisms leading to melatonin suppression and, possibly, iris constriction by light in humans. (biomedcentral.com)
Stimulus2
- Cooper J, Feldman J, Pasner K. Intermittent exotropia: stimulus characteristics affect tests for retinal correspondence and suppression. (ucm.es)
- In a human fMRI study, we measured the blood oxygen level-dependent activation (BOLD) responses of the primary visual cortex (V1) to the contours of large-diameter stimuli and found that activation closely matched the perceptual rather than the retinal stimulus size: the activated area of V1 increased or decreased, depending on the size of the preceding stimulus. (jneurosci.org)
Mechanisms2
- CONCLUSIONS Antidiplopic mechanisms in X(T) can be reliably triggered by purely retinal information during orthotropia, but the nature of these mechanisms varies between patients. (ucm.es)
- Such gaze shifts are themselves a source of powerful retinal stimulation, and so the visual system appears to have evolved mechanisms to maintain perceptual stability during movements of the eyes in space. (jneurosci.org)
Inhibition1
- By contrast, aminoguanidine treatment resulted in no inhibition of glomerular PKC activity, partial inhibition of retinal PKC activity and complete inhibition of mesenteric artery PKC activity. (portlandpress.com)
Cortical1
- This is a subconscious task and is referred to as (cortical) suppression . (seevividly.com)
Oculomotor1
- These findings indicate that early visual cortex is highly unstable compared to higher-level visual regions which apparently constitute the main target of stabilizing extra-retinal oculomotor influences. (biorxiv.org)
Physiologic1
- Physiologic suppression occur in eyes with BSV. (optography.org)
Intravitreal1
- Safety concerns include cataract formation and progression, intraocular pressure elevation, complications related to intravitreal injection, and opportunistic infections secondary to steroid-induced immune suppression. (dovepress.com)
Amblyopia1
- This type of suppression leads to amblyopia. (optography.org)
Exotropia3
Mechanism2
- However, the exact downstream mechanism of alkylation-induced retinal degeneration needs further investigation. (biomedcentral.com)
- Reported here is a new study that was designed to determine whether the spectral sensitivity of the circadian retinal phototransduction mechanism, measured through melatonin suppression and iris constriction, varies at night. (biomedcentral.com)
Disorders2
- Diminished vision may either be due to a refractive error, pathology such as cataract or retinal disorders, suppression, or a combination of these factors. (diseasesdic.com)
- DEX implant is a useful tool in the management of several retinal disorders. (dovepress.com)
India1
- Correspondence to: Prof. Rohit Saxena, Room No 377, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi India. (lww.com)
Absence1
- Occurs when visual cortex perceives separate stimuli from the two eyes at the same time and concerns itself essentially with the absence of suppression. (optography.org)
Central1
- At ≥3 m, the flashlight projects ≤1° onto the central retinal and will not be seen in the eye with the scotoma. (aao.org)
Inflammation1
- It has been found that the extensive use of anticancer drugs containing DNA-alkylating agents not only target cancer cells but also cause retinal inflammation through toxic intermediates. (biomedcentral.com)
Centre1
- A second press release [2] has indicated stem cell source, resulting in widespread excitement that the program is planning to move forward very rapidly, with all of the patients being enrolled in the Correspondence to: Roger A. Barker, John van Geest Centre first quarter of 2016 and interim results being shared for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Univer- in October 2016. (lu.se)
Plays a critical role1
- However, whether C3 plays a critical role in alkylation-induced retinal degeneration is unclear. (biomedcentral.com)
Address1
- Address correspondence to: Sankar Venkatachalam. (scielo.org.ar)
Images1
- Purpose: Uncorrected hyperopic children must overcome an apparent conflict between accommodation and vergence demands to focus and align their retinal images. (bvsalud.org)
Cell1
- Nearly 50 different mouse retinal ganglion cell (RGC) types sample the visual scene for distinct features. (elifesciences.org)
Vision1
- When these estimates are informed by vision, the brain must combine retinal information with extraretinal signals that encode the position of the eye, head, and body to obtain accurate representations of objects in space. (jneurosci.org)
Points1
- These retinal points are called disparate points. (optography.org)
Development1
- The complement system plays an important role in retinal development and homeostasis [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Author2
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. (mdpi.com)
- Contents Dedication Acknowledgments About the Author Preface JANUARY Retinal Tears and Holes. (slackbooks.com)
Results1
- Pathplogic suppression results from strabismic misalignment of the visual axis. (optography.org)
Cancer1
- Alkylating agents, which are used as frontline chemotherapeutic drugs for cancer treatment, lead to extensive DNA damage in the body, which might cause retinal degeneration [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Tests1
- Subjective Tests for Suppression. (slackbooks.com)
Relative1
- To gain more insight, we investigated the closest IgSF relative of Cntn5 and Sdk2, called Sidekick-1 (Sdk1), in retinal circuit assembly. (elifesciences.org)
Found1
- Antioxidants have been found to partially alleviate the progression of retinal degeneration in rd1 mice (an RP model) [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Object1
- The retinal projections of another object are shown with dashed lines. (nature.com)