• This is because the same number of vessels enter the eye, but they then branch out more often over the retina than do typical children's. (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • Retinal vessel analysis is a non-invasive method to examine the small arteries and veins in the retina which allows to draw conclusions about the morphology and the function of small vessels elsewhere in the human body. (wikipedia.org)
  • In static retinal vessel analysis this is a snapshot, in dynamic vessel analysis (DVA) a 12.5 Hz optoelectric flickering light induces a stimulation of a specific segment of the retina to which the vessels react by a change in their diameter which is quantified by the device. (wikipedia.org)
  • It can damage the small blood vessels in the retina, the back part of your eye. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Diabetic retinopathy is caused by damage from diabetes to blood vessels of the retina. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Retinal detachment -- Scarring that may cause part of the retina to pull away from the back of your eyeball. (medlineplus.gov)
  • If your eye doctor notices new blood vessels growing in your retina (neovascularization) or you develop macular edema, treatment is usually needed. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Laser eye surgery creates small burns in the retina where there are abnormal blood vessels. (medlineplus.gov)
  • When blood clots prevent nutrients from getting to the retina, the tissue in the retina begins to swell and die. (aao.org)
  • Blood clots in the arteries of the retina can block the flow of oxygen, causing cells to die. (aao.org)
  • When a vein in the retina becomes blocked, blood can't drain out like it should. (aao.org)
  • This occurs when blood vessels in the retina start bleeding. (aao.org)
  • Medical professionals and researchers use images of the back of the eye to visualise the retina and its associated blood vessels and nerves. (independent.co.uk)
  • Scientists have previously shown that the shape and size of blood vessels on the retina are associated with conditions such as high blood pressure, heart disease, diabetes and obesity. (independent.co.uk)
  • The fundus retinal images are directly captured from human eye that includes some other landmarks like microcirculation system of the retina, macula, optic disc, fovea, microaneurysm, and exudates [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • With blood vessel diseases like RVO, veins in the retina become blocked. (aao.org)
  • A special camera takes photos of the retina as the dye travels throughout its blood vessels. (aao.org)
  • Anti-VEGF treatment helps reduce abnormal blood vessels in your retina , and also decreases leaking from blood vessels. (aao.org)
  • These vessels can leak blood, which damages the light-sensing cells of the retina causing sight loss. (europa.eu)
  • When they come out of the chamber, there is a big area on the surface of their retina without blood vessels, because of the halted growth. (europa.eu)
  • These data suggest that increased activity of HIFs in myeloid cells helps blood vessels to grow faster but in a more controlled fashion to cover the empty areas of the retina. (europa.eu)
  • For example, in the retina uncontrolled and irregular blood vessel growth in diseases such as age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy can result in a catastrophic loss of vision. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • The central retinal vein is the main vein that drains blood away from the retina. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Blockage of the central retinal vein may also cause growth of abnormal blood vessels on the retina or iris. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Using an ophthalmoscope, doctors can see changes in blood vessels and the retina. (merckmanuals.com)
  • If the central retinal vein is blocked, the veins may be engorged (appearing enlarged), bleeding spots may be visible scattered throughout the retina, and the front of the optic nerve may be swollen. (merckmanuals.com)
  • The dye makes the blood vessels of the retina show up better in the photograph. (merckmanuals.com)
  • The choroid is a tissue with a matrix of blood vessels between the retina and the sclera. (allaboutvision.com)
  • These blood vessels provide nutrition to the retina's posterior (outer) layers and help regulate the eye's temperature. (allaboutvision.com)
  • Proliferative" means there is abnormal blood vessel growth ( neovascularization ) in the retina , while "nonproliferative" indicates the opposite. (allaboutvision.com)
  • At least one microaneurysm (a tiny red protrusion, or "bulb," in a blood vessel in the retina) occurs during this stage. (allaboutvision.com)
  • Blood vessels, which nourish the retina, are at risk of swelling and becoming blocked during the moderate nonproliferative stage of DR. Hemorrhages, microaneurysms and white spots called " cotton wool spots " also occur during this stage of DR. (allaboutvision.com)
  • Blood vessels become increasingly blocked in the eye during the severe nonproliferative stage of DR. When this happens, the retina is unable to receive blood that it needs to function and is signaled by proteins called vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) to grow new (but abnormal) blood vessels. (allaboutvision.com)
  • During this stage of DR, new blood cells can increase in the retina and make their way into the vitreous (the gel-like substance that fills the eye). (allaboutvision.com)
  • ROP occurs when abnormal blood vessels grow and spread throughout the retina, the tissue that lines the back of the eye. (heavy.com)
  • These abnormal blood vessels are fragile and can leak, scarring the retina and pulling it out of position. (heavy.com)
  • Affects the retinal blood vessels of premature babies Retina forms early in development but blood supply does not Affects 500 to 700 babies in U.S each year The more premature the higher the risk. (slideserve.com)
  • In this test, fluorescein dye is injected into a blood vessel in the arm and photographs are taken of the retina to look for leakage of fluorescein dye from damaged blood vessels. (diabetesnet.com)
  • these are irregularly-shaped blood vessels that appear in a localized area of the retina as squiggly lines through an ophthalmoscope. (diabetesnet.com)
  • these are seen as pale white areas in the retina where blood vessels have become blocked and localized areas of nerves have been damaged. (diabetesnet.com)
  • It causes abnormal blood vessels to grow in the retina, and can lead to blindness. (kidshealth.org)
  • We are particularly interested in studying the outer retina, consisting of photoreceptor neurons, retinal pigment epithelial cells, and choriocapillaris blood vessels. (nih.gov)
  • During fetal development, the blood vessels of the eye's retina - the tissue at the back of the eye that senses light and sends images to the brain - grow steadily out from the center of the eye toward its periphery, only reaching those edges when the fetus is close to normal-term gestation. (uclahealth.org)
  • The central retinal artery is the main vessel that supplies blood to the retina. (msdmanuals.com)
  • If the central retinal artery is blocked, the retina may appear pale. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Clinical picture of the retina, showing a pair of dilated and tortuous feeder vessels coursing on the surface of the retina from the optic nerve head toward the angioma (which is not seen in this image because it is in the extreme periphery). (medscape.com)
  • Retinal capillary hemangiomas, usually supplied by large dilated feeder vessels, may occur in any part of the retina. (medscape.com)
  • Retinal nerve fibers exit the eye through the optic nerve, located nasally and on the same plane as the anatomical center of the retina. (medscape.com)
  • The outermost layer of the retina, the retinal pigment epithelium, is tightly attached to the choroid. (medscape.com)
  • Assuming that the ocular media (cornea, anterior chamber, lens, and vitreous) are not cloudy, the living retina can be examined using a direct or indirect ophthalmoscope or a retinal lens at the slit lamp. (medscape.com)
  • In addition, the retina may be photographed using a retinal camera. (medscape.com)
  • The arterioles and venules of the retina are the only blood vessels whose wall can be directly examined in the living human without an incision. (medscape.com)
  • The retina, with the exception of the blood vessels coursing through it, is transparent to the examiner up to its outer layer, the retinal pigment epithelium. (medscape.com)
  • The examiner sees the neurosensory retina against the background orange color of the melanin containing retinal pigment epithelium and blood-filled choroidal layer of the eye. (medscape.com)
  • There is a potential space between the neurosensory retina and the retinal pigment epithelium. (medscape.com)
  • In a retinal detachment, this space fills with fluid and detaches the neurosensory retina from the underlying retinal pigment epithelium. (medscape.com)
  • [ 1 ] It can be mild with no visual defects, or it may become aggressive with new blood vessel formation (neovascularization) and progress to retinal detachment and blindness. (medscape.com)
  • It may also be used to repair retinal detachment. (medlineplus.gov)
  • These blood vessels are delicate and can eventually lead to retinal detachment . (allaboutvision.com)
  • This causes a retinal detachment. (heavy.com)
  • Retinal detachment is the main cause of visual impairment and blindness in ROP. (heavy.com)
  • If the baby is born early, this process is disrupted, which raises the risk for retinal detachment and consequent blindness. (uclahealth.org)
  • It is then often followed by local hypoxia, or low oxygen levels, which encourages the growth of new blood vessels but at an aberrant pace and pattern that may actually lead to retinal detachment. (uclahealth.org)
  • This normally vital role becomes problematic in ROP, however, where excessive blood vessel formation can lead to retinal detachment. (uclahealth.org)
  • Organized fibroglial bands with traction retinal detachment and vitreous hemorrhage may occur, along with potential complications such as glaucoma or permanent vision loss. (medscape.com)
  • It is administered every 6 months as a depot delivered behind the eyeball using a blunt-tipped, curved cannula to decrease the risks of intraocular infection and retinal detachment . (medscape.com)
  • Analysis of the human fundus eye images has become the key point for diagnosing the various pathologies of retinal vasculature. (hindawi.com)
  • It is important to classify retinal blood vessels into arterioles and venules for computerised analysis of the vasculature and to aid discovery of disease biomarkers. (sinapse.ac.uk)
  • 3] S. W. Franklin and S. E. Rajan, 'Diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy by employing image processing technique to detect exudates in retinal images,' IET Image Processing, vol. 8, pp. 1-9, 2014. (jist.ir)
  • Fzd4 Haploinsufficiency Delays Retinal Revascularization in the Mouse Model of Oxygen Induced Retinopathy. (nih.gov)
  • These extracted markers or characterized fundus digital image features provide insights and relates quantitative retinal vascular topography abnormalities to various pathologies such as diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, hypertensive retinopathy, transient ischemic attack, neovascular glaucoma, and cardiovascular diseases. (hindawi.com)
  • According to the study of [ 12 ] with a multiethnic cohort, retinal arteriolar narrowing and retinopathy of diabetic free people have an association with increased risk of acute stroke. (hindawi.com)
  • One strength of this imaging method is its ability to show your blood vessels and reveal signs of diabetes-related retinopathy. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is an eye condition that can affect people with both Type-1 and Type-2 diabetes, causing increased eye pressure and blood glucose levels in the blood vessels of the eye. (allaboutvision.com)
  • Smoking also causes damage to retinal blood vessels already at risk with type 2 diabetes, increasing the risk of diabetic retinopathy and vision loss. (medscape.com)
  • Retinal degeneration and related visual loss in proliferative diabetic retinopathy is known to be irreversible. (molvis.org)
  • Retinopathy (ret-in-AH-puh-thee) of prematurity makes blood vessels grow abnormally in the eye that can leak or bleed. (kidshealth.org)
  • Central retinal vein blockage occurs mainly in older people. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Blockage of the central retinal vein causes severe, painless, and usually sudden loss of vision, but vision loss can also sometimes occur gradually over a period of days to weeks. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Once the retinal vein blockage has been diagnosed, doctors often do tests to identify disorders that could increase the risk of developing blockages. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Multiscale Blood Vessel Segmentation in Retinal Fundus Images. (fliphtml5.com)
  • The approach results are better than the other state of the art methods used for vessel segmentation. (peerj.com)
  • Anonymous Reviewer ( 2018 ) Peer Review #1 of 'Optimizing the trainable B-COSFIRE filter for retinal blood vessel segmentation (v0.3)' . (peerj.com)
  • The paper presents a method of optimizing trainable B_COSFIRE filter for the retinal blood vessel segmentation. (peerj.com)
  • Automatic segmentation of blood vessels from retinal images is the initial step of the computer based assessment for blood vessel anomalies. (jist.ir)
  • An ensemble classification-based approach applied to retinal blood vessel segmentation,' Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 59, pp. 2538-2548, 2012. (jist.ir)
  • 11] F. Zana and J.-C. Klein, 'Segmentation of vessel-like patterns using mathematical morphology and curvature evaluation,' Image Processing, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 10, pp. 1010-1019, 2001. (jist.ir)
  • 13] A. M. Mendonca and A. Campilho, 'Segmentation of retinal blood vessels by combining the detection of centerlines and morphological reconstruction,'Medical Imaging, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 25, pp. 1200-1213, 2006. (jist.ir)
  • An automatic retinal vessel segmentation method is proposed for quick and accurate segmentation of eye vessels. (edu.au)
  • A retinal fundus image contains varying low contrasts, which undermine the performance of the segmentation process. (edu.au)
  • patient 1 had the most severe leakage, as well as some spots of leak- disease and required mechanical ven- age at the level of the retinal pigment tilation in an intensive care unit before epithelium. (cdc.gov)
  • In contrast, we show here that neovascularization can be accomplished by nonangiogenic expansion of preexisting vessels. (nature.com)
  • Retinal vessel analysis is conducted mainly by ophthalmologists, cardiologists, neurologists and other medical specialities dealing with vascular diseases. (wikipedia.org)
  • Retinal microvascular abnormalities like microaneurysm, arteriovenous nicking, haemorrhages, and vessel caliber are considered as associative to the stroke and indicative of death from stroke and IHD (Ischemic Heart Diseases) [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • She focuses on retinal vascular diseases, macular degeneration, and surgical repair of retinal detachments, macular pathology, and complications from cataract surgery. (stanford.edu)
  • The discovery of a protein that encourages blood vessel growth, and especially 'bad' blood vessels - the kind that characterise diseases as diverse as cancer, age-related macular degeneration and rheumatoid arthritis - has been reported in the journal Nature. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • However angiogenesis also plays a major role in many diseases where new vessel growth can be harmful. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • This study indicates that in the retinal diseases investigated LRG1 production is 'turned on' in blood vessels. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • It's not common, but sometimes after glaucoma , retinal or cataract surgery , you can get macular edema. (aao.org)
  • Sometimes, these abnormal blood vessels bleed or cause a painful type of glaucoma (called neovascular glaucoma). (merckmanuals.com)
  • The researchers concluded that retinal vessel analysis may represent a new and useful method to non-invasively monitor microvascular abnormalities in heart failure. (wikipedia.org)
  • Computer based analysis of blood vessels in retinal images will help ophthalmologists monitor larger populations for vessel abnormalities. (jist.ir)
  • It was found in many types of research that there is a clear relationship between the ocular funduscopic abnormalities and acute stroke even though the blood pressure and other vascular risk factors are in control [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • An additional feature included the presence of dilated and tortuous posterior pole vessels known as "plus" disease. (medscape.com)
  • The patient displayed a pathologic phenomenon that was associated sickle cell disease (SCD), and included posterior retinal and macular vascular occlusions. (cdc.gov)
  • There are two variants of retinal vessel analysis which are based on a special fundus camera, the Retinal Vessel Analyzer which was developed by Imedos, a medical engineering company in Jena, Germany. (wikipedia.org)
  • We use only 4 image features and consider vessels inside zone B (802 vessels from 70 fundus camera images) and in an extended zone (1,207 vessels, 70 fundus camera images). (sinapse.ac.uk)
  • [ 2 ] Pre-plus disease was also described to include eyes with vessel tortuosity that did not meet "plus" criteria. (medscape.com)
  • Various diagnostic techniques are used to analyze retinal microvasculature image to enable geometric features measurements such as vessel tortuosity, branching angles, branching coefficient, vessel diameter, and fractal dimension. (hindawi.com)
  • In addition, physicians can benefit from this technique as to objectively assess abnormal symptoms such as vessel tortuosity, vessel width, bifurcation angles, branching angles, and vessel caliber. (hindawi.com)
  • Also note, the presence of fibrous deposition within the retinal tissues adjacent to these occluded vessels, as well as the tortuosity of the retinal arterioles. (cdc.gov)
  • Tearing of the TUNICA INTIMA layer of a blood vessel may lead to interstitial HEMORRHAGE. (bvsalud.org)
  • Lastly, morphological post-processing is applied to eliminate exudates which are detected as blood vessels. (jist.ir)
  • Retinal hemorrhages in 4 patients with rhages and exudates were found on Patients 2 and 3 were known to have dengue fever. (cdc.gov)
  • Serum leakage from these vessels and hemangiomas leads to retinal exudates. (medscape.com)
  • Sports Medicine Researchers from the Institute of Exercise and Health Sciences at the University of Basel demonstrated that cardiovascular fitness and body composition affect retinal vessel diameters which in turn give an indication of a person's cardiovascular health. (wikipedia.org)
  • Association between blood pressure and retinal vessel diameters among police officers in the US Northeast. (cdc.gov)
  • We predict, therefore, that abnormal blood vessel growth is also a conserved process and that the role of LRG1 is equally applicable to human pathological angiogenesis. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • One parameter evaluated in retinal vessel analysis, the mean arteriolar to venular diameter ratio (AVR), correlated with individual fitness and normalized in obese individuals after they underwent a training program and weight reduction. (wikipedia.org)
  • Rotterdam cohort study also came into a decision after a long-term observation that the retinal venular diameter is associated with any stroke or ischemic stroke [ 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • There is no retinal tissue overlying the optic nerve head. (medscape.com)
  • VHL disease is characterized by retinal capillary hemangiomas (also called benign vascular hamartomas). (medscape.com)
  • Retinal vessel dynamics have the potential to serve as a tool for the assessment of risks in other organs since they are thought to reflect the general status of the microvasculature (i.e. the smallest vessels in the human body). (wikipedia.org)
  • This was seen as an indication that regular exercise reverses the subclinical impairment of the retinal microvasculature and thus most likely of small vessels in other organs. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some distinct changes in the retinal microvasculature are recognized as the preindicator of subsequent vascular incidents like ischemic stroke or acute stroke [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The paper [ 16 ] searched MEDLINE and EMBASE to find out the relation between microvascular changes of retinal microvasculature and prevalence or incident of stroke. (hindawi.com)
  • Ultrastructures of retinal vascular tissues were observed under transmission electron microscope, and pathology of retinal capillaries was examined using retinal vascular digest preparations. (nih.gov)
  • Long-term N-acetylcysteine treatment exerts protective effects on the diabetic retinas, possibly through its down-regulation of the expression of VEGF and ICAM-1, and reduction of reactive oxygen species content in retinal vascular tissues in diabetic rats. (nih.gov)
  • Conditions like uveitis , where the body attacks its own tissues, can damage retinal blood vessels and cause swelling of the macula. (aao.org)
  • email: [email protected] on amplification of SARS-CoV RNA blood vessels ( 5 ), although the tissues by reverse transcriptase-polymerase of the periphery tended to be spared. (cdc.gov)
  • Retinal image assessment has been employed by the medical community for diagnosing vascular and non-vascular pathology. (jist.ir)
  • Professor John Greenwood, senior author of the research from the UCL Institute of Ophthalmology said: "We have discovered that a secreted protein, LRG1, promotes new blood vessel growth and its inhibition prevents pathological blood vessel growth in ocular disease. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • Systemic blood pressure, pulse rates, intraocular pressure (IOP), ocular blood circulation by laser-speckle flowgraphy, and Humphrey visual field mean deviation (MD) were measured during the 24-month period. (karger.com)
  • Upon administration of BCACs, the ocular blood flows during the 24-month observational period increased in comparison with placebo-treated patients. (karger.com)
  • Neurology In 2019, neurologists and ophthalmologists from Milan, Italy, demonstrated that arterial dilation was decreased in patients with manifest Alzheimer's disease and persons with mild cognitive impairment when performing dynamic vessel analysis. (wikipedia.org)
  • They signify irregular dilation of retinal blood vessels in response to poor blood circulation. (diabetesnet.com)
  • Macular edema is caused by pockets of fluid (usually leakage from damaged blood vessels) swelling up in the macula . (aao.org)
  • This shows whether any blood vessels are leaking and how much leakage there is. (aao.org)
  • The best approach to treatment requires addressing the underlying cause of the macular edema, and the related leakage and retinal swelling. (aao.org)
  • But the Cardiovascular Health Study stated that there is no association between retinal arteriolar caliber (diameter) and stroke but rather there is a close association between stroke and the larger venular caliber (diameter) [ 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • apart from applying these eyedrops, the examination is completely non-invasive and non-demanding for the person undergoing retinal vessel analysis. (wikipedia.org)
  • The value of the examination with the Retinal Vessel Analyzer has been documented in a number of recent studies. (wikipedia.org)
  • [ 2 ] This was based on clinical examination that classified acute ROP into 5 stages, 3 zones, and extent of retinal involvement. (medscape.com)
  • retinal examination. (cdc.gov)
  • Compared to other SARS patients (n had been performed on their patients low-up study of all the patients by = 47), the 3 patients with TB had to confirm or exclude retinal or routine medical examination. (cdc.gov)
  • To study the feasibility involved in care of patients with diabetes of such an endeavour, the capacity of (family physicians, hospital physicians, the current cadre of physicians in retinal diabetologists and other types of doctors) examination of people with diabetes needed in health institutions of the North Sharqiya to be assessed. (who.int)
  • Formation of new vessels in granulation tissue during wound healing has been assumed to occur solely through sprouting angiogenesis. (nature.com)
  • The formation of new blood vessels, or angiogenesis, is a complex process that plays important roles in growth and development, tissue and organ regeneration, as well as numerous pathological conditions. (lu.se)
  • 9] M. G. Cinsdikici and D. Aydın, 'Detection of blood vessels in ophthalmoscope images using MF/ant (matched filter/ant colony) algorithm,' Computer methods and programs in biomedicine, vol. 96, pp. 85-95, 2009. (jist.ir)
  • Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Diabetes mellitus is a disorder in which the body does not produce enough or respond normally to insulin, causing blood sugar (glucose) levels to be abnormally high. (merckmanuals.com)
  • In a cohort of 10,407 participants, analysing the retinal vessel caliber led to the reclassification of 21% of low-risk women to carrying an intermediate risk. (wikipedia.org)
  • The primary endpoint, flicker-induced dilatation of retinal arterioles (FIDart), was significantly reduced in patients with chronic heart failure: 0.9% versus 2.3% in persons with risk factors and 3.6% in healthy individuals. (wikipedia.org)
  • Endocrinology Hypercholesterolemia is associated with significant retinal microvascular dysfunction as evidenced in a study based on 67 patients with hypercholesterolemia without known cardiovascular disease by a reduction in flicker-induced dilatation of retinal arterioles. (wikipedia.org)
  • 7] A. Hoover, V. Kouznetsova, and M. Goldbaum, 'Locating blood vessels in retinal images by piecewise threshold probing of a matched filter response,' Medical Imaging, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 19, pp. 203-210, 2000. (jist.ir)
  • 8] L. Gang, O. Chutatape, and S. M. Krishnan, 'Detection and measurement of retinal vessels in fundus images using amplitude modified second-order Gaussian filter,' Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 49, pp. 168-172, 2002. (jist.ir)
  • Note those arterioles exhibiting an occluded lumen, due to the obstructions produced by the irregularly-shaped, sickle cell shaped red blood cells (RBCs) trapped inside the vessels. (cdc.gov)
  • These mechanical forces pulled vessels from the preexisting vascular bed as vascular loops with functional circulation that expanded as an integral part of the growing granulation tissue through vessel enlargement and elongation. (nature.com)
  • This model explains the rapid appearance of large functional vessels in granulation tissue during wound healing. (nature.com)
  • Furthermore, image analysis provides a simple and noninvasive visualization of the retinal blood vessels in those high risk ophthalmologic medical conditions [ 1 - 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Some studies show a close relation between oxidative stress and DR. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of anti-oxidant in DR and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) from retinal blood vessels in diabetic rats. (nih.gov)
  • In these diseased retinas the LRG1 protein is expressed by blood vessel endothelial cells, which line blood vessel walls. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • The drug functions instead as an angiostatic agent, inhibiting blood vessel growth by decreasing extracellular protease expression and inhibiting endothelial cell migration. (medscape.com)
  • When you do have symptoms, they are a sign that the blood vessels in your eye may be leaking. (aao.org)
  • The expressions of retinal GLP-1R, mitochondria-dependent apoptosis-associated genes, reactive gliosis markers, and endoplasmic reticulum stress-related pathway genes were studied by western blotting and immunohistochemistry in vivo and in vitro. (molvis.org)
  • It also downregulated the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein and reduced retinal reactive gliosis. (molvis.org)
  • E4 may protect retinal cells from diabetic attacks by activating GLP-1R, decreasing retinal cell apoptosis, and reducing retinal reactive gliosis. (molvis.org)
  • Another example is the growth of cancerous solid tumours, which are dependent on the proliferation of new blood vessels. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • Retinal imaging is a diagnostic test that creates high-quality digital images of the inner, back surface of your eye. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • The unexpected finding of a retinal or CNS hemangioblastoma or the diagnosis of a pheochromocytoma should prompt a search for other associated VHL disease features, as many of these patients may have the diagnostic criteria for VHL disease. (medscape.com)