Retina or optic nerve. Medical search. Frequent questions

Red asterisk=choroid, occupying the space posterior to the retina and anterior to the sclera. (vin.com)
Meridionally oriented blood vessels within the anterior 25% of the fatty region fed the choriocapillaris at the inner limit of the choroid, just posterior to the retina. (vin.com)
The ocular fundus is the back of the eye opposite the pupil and includes the retina, the membrane (the choroid) between the retina and the white of the eye, and the optic disk. (merckvetmanual.com)
The main abnormality is an area of the choroid or the retina and choroid that fails to develop fully. (merckvetmanual.com)
The choroid is a layer of tissue underneath the retina in the back of the eye. (cancer.net)
Our eyeball comprises three layers-sclerotic or the outer layer, choroid or the middle layer and retina or the inner layer. (lifepositive.com)
The outermost layer of the retina, the retinal pigment epithelium, is tightly attached to the choroid. (medscape.com)
The fundus displayed a pathologic phenomenon that was diagnosed as chorioretinitis, a form of posterior uveitis, which is an inflammatory response involving both the choroid layer, and the retina. (cdc.gov)
birth defects: coloboma of choroid or optic nerve disc, etc. (who.int)
Racial differences in the anatomy of the optic nerve head (ONH), such as larger optic discs and disc area, deeper cups, variation in lamina cribrosa position, and thicker overall retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and peripapillary choroid thicknesses in AD individuals, have also been previously described. (cdc.gov)

They travel to the back of the retina before they have been bent properly by the lens and cornea, resulting in blurred vision when objects are closer. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The cornea and lens focus photons onto specific areas of the retina to produce sharp, clear images. (allaboutvision.com)
In all modalities, the cornea, anterior chamber, lens, vitreous humor, and retina were identified and had an appearance typical of the vertebrate eye, with the exception that the retina was located at approximately half of the anterior-posterior (A-P) depth of the globe and had a flatter contour than the posterior sclera (Figure 1). (vin.com)
The cornea, iris, lens, retractor lentis muscle, falciform process, retina, optic nerve, choroidal rete, and sclera (including scleral cartilage and ossicles) were identified and all had a gross appearance and histological architecture typical of the teleost eye (Figure 1). (vin.com)
The cornea provides most of the power necessary for focusing light onto the retina. (ferris.edu)
Farsightedness occurs if your eyeball is too short or the cornea has too little power, so light entering your eye is focused behind the retina, instead of directly on the retina, causing blurred vision. (ferris.edu)
Nearsightedness occurs if your eyeball is too long or the cornea is too powerful, so the light entering your eye is focused before the retina, instead of directly onto the retina, causing blurred vision. (ferris.edu)
The lens works together with the cornea to focus light correctly on the retina. (nih.gov)
We also treat cataracts and conditions of the retina and cornea. (mountsinai.org)
Assuming that the ocular media (cornea, anterior chamber, lens, and vitreous) are not cloudy, the living retina can be examined using a direct or indirect ophthalmoscope or a retinal lens at the slit lamp. (medscape.com)

Retina scarring caused during macular hole repair surgery - is it permanent? (medhelp.org)
Conclusions This report expands the ophthalmological phenotype of the late-onset neurodegenerative form of CHS to include optic neuropathy with progressive vision loss, even in the absence of ocular albinism, and abnormal prominence of the interdigitation zone between cone outer segment tips and apical processes of retinal pigment epithelium cells on macular OCT. (bmj.com)
The retina thickens to approximately 400 µm in the macular area around the fovea and thins to 150 µm in the fovea. (medscape.com)
These pouches can leak blood and other fluid, which can cause a part of the retina called the macula to swell (macular edema) and distort your vision. (cdc.gov)

According to the investigators, the findings are specifically aimed at discovering new ways to reverse vision loss caused by glaucoma and other diseases that affect the optic nerve, the information highway from the eye to the brain. (modernretina.com)
We know a lot about how to treat glaucoma and help nerve cells survive an injury, but once the cells die off, the damage to someone's vision becomes permanent," he said in the statement. (modernretina.com)
Glaucoma Glaucomas are a group of eye disorders characterized by progressive optic nerve damage (often, but not always, associated with increased eye pressure) that can lead to irreversible loss of vision. (merckmanuals.com)
Recently, a novel neuroretinal rim parameter, based on the minimum rim width from Bruch's membrane opening to the neuroretinal surface (BMO-MRW), has demonstrated much greater effectiveness in evaluating the ONH for glaucoma than other optic disc margin measurements such as cup-to-disc ratio and rim area. (cdc.gov)
Diseases that damage the retina or optic nerve (such as glaucoma ) can lead to permanent blindness. (medlineplus.gov)

The spot where the lens connects to the camera body is a blind spot in the eyesight of the lens - the same principle with the optic nerve and the retina. (forbes.com)
A transparent gel located in the back 2/3 of the eye, filling in the area between the lens and the retina. (ferris.edu)
The lens' job is to focus light rays on the back of the eyeball - a part called the retina (say: RET-i-nuh). (kidshealth.org)
In people without cataracts, the lens is crystal clear and allows light to pass through and focus on the retina. (kidshealth.org)
An exam of the eye in which the pupil is dilated (enlarged) with medicated eye drops to allow the doctor to look through the lens and pupil to the retina. (cancer.gov)
An exam of the inside of the back of the eye to check the retina and optic nerve using a small magnifying lens and a light. (cancer.gov)
Directly behind the iris lies the crystalline lens, which focuses light passing through it upon the retina. (lifepositive.com)
These rays converge upon the retina via the convex crystalline lens, forming an inverse image. (lifepositive.com)
These new vessels are fragile and often bleed into the vitreous (the clear gel between the lens and retina). (cdc.gov)

The optic nerve connects the eye to the brain and carries these focused light signals formed by the retina to the brain. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The apparent decline in S/M opponency from superior to inferior retina is consistent with the dual gradient and a model where photoreceptor signals in both superior and inferior retina are processed by the same postreceptoral circuitry. (jneurosci.org)
Diabetes-related damage often strikes the nerves that relay signals between your brain and your body. (healthgrades.com)
Neural signals from the rods and cones undergo processing by other neurons, whose output takes the form of action potentials in retinal ganglion cells whose axons form the optic nerve. (wikipedia.org)
It occurs when the color-sensitive cells in the retina do not properly pick up or send the proper color signals to the brain. (ferris.edu)
The retina takes the light the eye receives and changes it into nerve signals so the brain can understand what the eye is seeing. (kidshealth.org)
When light hits the retina (a light-sensitive layer of tissue at the back of the eye), special cells called photoreceptors turn the light into electrical signals. (nih.gov)
These electrical signals travel from the retina through the optic nerve to the brain. (nih.gov)
When light enters the eye, the retina changes the light into nerve signals. (kidshealth.org)
The retina then sends these signals along the optic nerve (a cable of more than 1,000,000 nerve fibers) to the brain. (kidshealth.org)
The retina is a layer of cells at the back of your eye that's sensitive to light and sends signals to your brain that allow you to see. (msdmanuals.com)
Nerve fibers within the retina send electrical signals to the brain, which then interprets these signals as visual images. (medscape.com)
The circadian system's main synchronizer is the 24-hour pattern of light and dark reaching our eye retina, which sends those signals via the optic nerve to a cluster of cells in the brain's hypothalamus region called the master biological clock, which in turn regulates circadian rhythms. (cdc.gov)

Capillaries of the retinal superficial vasculature or deep ciliary sourced capillaries of the optic nerve head became visible with a high resolution by the confocal technique dependent on the focus. (bmj.com)
It is caused by infarction of the short posterior ciliary arteries supplying the anterior optic nerve. (aetna.com)

Your doctor will also look at the retina and inside of your eyes and may use a dye to reveal leaky blood vessels. (cdc.gov)

Blockage of the central retinal vein may also cause growth of abnormal blood vessels on the retina or iris. (merckmanuals.com)

The macula is a small area of the retina that has a high concentration of light-sensitive cells. (msdmanuals.com)

The inner surface of the retina is adjacent to the vitreous of the eye. (medscape.com)

Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is a common cause of sudden loss of vision, especially in the elderly. (aetna.com)
To resolve the controversy over the effectiveness of optic nerve decompression for NAION, the National Eye Institute sponsored the Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Decompression Trial, a multicenter, randomized controlled clinical trial of optic nerve decompression surgery for patients with NAION. (aetna.com)
A structured evidence review (Dickersin and Manheimer, 2002) concluded that "[r]esults from the Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Decompression Trial indicate that optic nerve decompression surgery for nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy is not effective. (aetna.com)

The vertebrate retina is inverted in the sense that the light-sensing cells are in the back of the retina, so that light has to pass through layers of neurons and capillaries before it reaches the photosensitive sections of the rods and cones. (wikipedia.org)

It can overcome many of the technical challenges of fundoscopy, providing a high-resolution view of the retina through an un-dilated pupil. (nih.gov)
This image depicted what is known as a fundoscopic view of the retina, or the back of the right eye. (cdc.gov)

These lenses bring the image onto the retina. (lifepositive.com)
The optical elements within the eye focus an image onto the retina of the eye, initiating a series of chemical and electrical events within the retina. (medscape.com)

Hyperopia treatment aims to help light focus correctly on the retina. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Colobomas of the macula and/or optic disk usually affect visual acuity significantly. (chargesyndrome.org)

Disorders of the retina and optic nerves. (bumrungrad.com)
In G. A. Fishman, D. G. Birch, G. E. Holder, & M. G. Brigell (Ed.), Electrophysiologic testing in disorders of the retina, optic nerve and visual pathway (pp. 237-279). (bvsalud.org)

The retina is a layer of nerves at the back of the eye that senses light and sends impulses through the optic nerve to the brain. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The optics of the eye create a focused two-dimensional image of the visual world on the retina, which then processes that image within the retina and sends nerve impulses along the optic nerve to the visual cortex to create visual perception . (wikipedia.org)
The inner layer has a lining of nerve tissue , called the retina , which senses light and sends images along the optic nerve to the brain . (cancer.gov)
The retina also sends information from the eye to the brain through the optic nerve. (cancer.net)

The eye's retina is made up of photoreceptor (light-sensitive) cells and nerve cells in the optic nerve (which connects the eye to the brain). (medlineplus.gov)

Diabetic retinopathy (pronounced: reh-ton-AH-pa-thee) occurs when the tiny blood vessels in the retina are damaged due to diabetes. (kidshealth.org)
Diabetic retinopathy is caused when high blood sugar damages blood vessels in the retina (a light-sensitive layer of cells in the back of the eye). (cdc.gov)
Reattachment of the retina (for retinal detachment, a complication of diabetic retinopathy). (cdc.gov)

According to investigators at the Wilmer Eye Institute at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine conducting experiments in mouse tissues and human cells, by removing a membrane that lines the back of the eye they may be able improve the success rate for regrowing nerve cells damaged by blinding diseases. (modernretina.com)
A team of investigators at the Wilmer Eye Institute at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine conducting experiments in mouse tissues and human cells said recently that they have found that removing a membrane that lines the back of the eye may improve the success rate for regrowing nerve cells damaged by blinding diseases. (modernretina.com)
Inherited abnormalities may be present at birth or appear later, and are important in the development of diseases of the retina in dogs. (merckvetmanual.com)
hereditary diseases: retinitis pigmentosa, angioid streaks of the retina, etc. (who.int)

Fissures in the retina cause blind spots (scotomata), and a coloboma in the optic nerve also seriously affects vision. (britannica.com)

At these incision points, some of the transplanted cells were able to crawl into the retina and integrate themselves in the proper place within the tissue. (modernretina.com)
pl. retinae or retinas ) is the innermost, light-sensitive layer of tissue of the eye of most vertebrates and some molluscs . (wikipedia.org)
thus, the retina is considered part of the central nervous system (CNS) and is actually brain tissue. (wikipedia.org)
Although the overlying neural tissue is partly transparent, and the accompanying glial cells have been shown to act as fibre-optic channels to transport photons directly to the photoreceptors, [7] [8] light scattering does occur. (wikipedia.org)
In the eye, the image is created on the retina , a thin layer of light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. (kidshealth.org)
The retina is the light-sensitive tissue that lines the inside of the eye. (medscape.com)
There is no retinal tissue overlying the optic nerve head. (medscape.com)
Tiny zebrafish can also regrow parts of the eye, including neurons in the eye's retina (the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eyeball). (medlineplus.gov)
In humans, our immune response causes scar tissue to form, which can stop parts of the retina from responding to light. (medlineplus.gov)
But when a zebrafish's retina is damaged, certain cells trigger the affected tissue to regrow and restore vision, a process called "retinal regeneration. (medlineplus.gov)

Johnson is part of a team of investigators at the Wilmer Eye Institute that is looking for ways that scientists can repair or replace lost optic neurons by growing new cells. (modernretina.com)
The neural retina consists of several layers of neurons interconnected by synapses and is supported by an outer layer of pigmented epithelial cells. (wikipedia.org)
[6] In contrast, in the cephalopod retina, the photoreceptors are in front, with processing neurons and capillaries behind them. (wikipedia.org)
To study the interaction of neurons with CNS glial cells, dissociated sympathetic or sensory ganglion cells or fetal retinal cells were plated onto cultures of dissociated optic nerve glial cells of young rats. (nih.gov)

The investigators did note that a small number of transplanted retinal cells were able to settle uniformly into certain areas of the mouse retina. (modernretina.com)

Large amounts of subretinal fluid may displace the detached and degenerate retina from the posterior fundus. (nih.gov)
In all modalities, the majority of the globe posterior to the retina had an appearance consistent with fat. (vin.com)
The human retina is located on the inner surface of the posterior two-thirds to three-quarters of the eye. (medscape.com)
It lines the entire posterior portion of the eye with the exception of the area of the optic nerve and extends anteriorly to end 360 degrees circumferentially at the ora serrata. (medscape.com)

[9] Some vertebrates, including humans, have an area of the central retina adapted for high-acuity vision. (wikipedia.org)
Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) develop in waves, starting at the central retina and then progressing outward toward the periphery. (jneurosci.org)

Results All three affected siblings lacked features of ocular albinism and demonstrated significant optic nerve involvement as evidenced by loss of colour and contrast vision, central visual field loss, optic nerve pallor, retinal nerve fibre layer thinning by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and abnormal visual evoked potential, with severity corresponding linearly to age of the sibling and severity of neurological disease. (bmj.com)

Forty-five children with Down's syndrome and 44 typical children took part.The analysis isn't fully completed yet, but Ping has found, quite unexpectedly, that children with Down's syndrome have larger optic discs. (cardiff.ac.uk)

We demonstrate how the responses of our device's ganglion cells compare to those measured from the mammalian retina. (upenn.edu)

The choroidal rete was located entirely within the fatty region and dorsal to the optic nerve, as seen via imaging. (vin.com)

Ping Ji decided to measure and catalogue these differences by taking fundus photographs in children with Down's syndrome and typical children, and analyse the size and shape of the optic disc and the numbers and arrangement of blood vessels. (cardiff.ac.uk)

He served as the president of the American Academy of Ophthalmology, the president of the American Ophthalmological Society, the president of the Retina Society, the editor for Duane's Clinical Ophthalmology, and the editor for Survey of Ophthalmology, Born and raised in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Tasman attended Haverford College for an undergraduate degree. (wikipedia.org)
He also served as the president of the American Academy of Ophthalmology, the American Ophthalmological Society, and the Retina Society at various times in his career. (wikipedia.org)

The living retina may be imaged using fluorescein angiography, polarimetry, or optical coherence tomography. (medscape.com)

Retinal nerve fibers exit the eye through the optic nerve, located nasally and on the same plane as the anatomical center of the retina. (medscape.com)

Light striking the retina initiates a cascade of chemical and electrical events that ultimately trigger nerve impulses that are sent to various visual centres of the brain through the fibres of the optic nerve . (wikipedia.org)
Structure at the back of the eye responsible for carrying nerve impulses from the retina to different areas of the brain. (ferris.edu)

Circumferential scatter photocoagulation places laser burns over a retinal zone of one of the following: at least 3 disc diameter areas of the nonperfused retina, as outlined by fluorescein angiography, or the entire avascular retina, as determined by fluorescein angiography or estimated by the distribution of the occluded vessel. (medscape.com)

Wallerian degeneration includes a characteristic demyelinating response of Schwann cells surrounding the distal stump of an injured peripheral nerve. (jneurosci.org)

The examiner sees the neurosensory retina against the background orange color of the melanin containing retinal pigment epithelium and blood-filled choroidal layer of the eye. (medscape.com)

Colobomas of the retina cause visual field defects in the upper visual field. (chargesyndrome.org)

Perfusion pictures of the superficial retinal layer and of deep prelaminar layers in the optic nerve head are presented. (bmj.com)
Diabetes can damage your retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of your eye. (healthgrades.com)
Retina - This light-sensitive layer in the rear of the eyeball contains the building blocks of visualization: cells that sense light and color and then send visual information to the brain. (allaboutvision.com)
From previous published reports, we knew that the retina (the layer at the back of the eye) looks different in people with Down's syndrome and ordinary people. (cardiff.ac.uk)
The retina or the inner layer is like a screen that receives the projected images of external objects. (lifepositive.com)
The retina is the innermost layer. (medscape.com)
The retina, with the exception of the blood vessels coursing through it, is transparent to the examiner up to its outer layer, the retinal pigment epithelium. (medscape.com)
The purpose of this study is to determine if BMO-MRW varies with race, specifically across people of AD and ED, and how BMO-MRW relates to retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness. (cdc.gov)

This is the point where the retinal arterioles and optic nerve enter the rear of the eyeball. (cdc.gov)

More severely affected dogs may also have abnormalities close to where the optic nerve enters the eye, and some will have detachment of the retina. (merckvetmanual.com)

Retinal detachment denotes pathologic expansion of the subretinal space, with partial to complete displacement of the retina from its normal association with the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). (nih.gov)
Vision is not noticeably affected unless detachment of the retina is present. (merckvetmanual.com)
In a retinal detachment, this space fills with fluid and detaches the neurosensory retina from the underlying retinal pigment epithelium. (medscape.com)

Visual loss secondary to optic nerve drusen. (aetna.com)

General physicochemical properties of myelin were not responsible for this effect, since myelin from rat sciatic nerves favored neuron adhesion and neurite growth as well as spreading of 3T3 cells. (nih.gov)

Like most of the brain, the retina is isolated from the vascular system by the blood-brain barrier . (wikipedia.org)
therefore, the optic nerve must cross through the retina en route to the brain. (wikipedia.org)
Before we talk about the nerves and the brain, however, we have to talk about the optic mechanisms in the eyes that help send photons where they need to go to produce eyesight. (allaboutvision.com)
Without a retina or optic nerve, the eye can't communicate with the brain, making vision impossible. (kidshealth.org)
Given that the eye possesses clear optics and shares many neural and vascular similarities to the brain, it offers a direct window to cerebral pathology. (frontiersin.org)
The optic nerve then transmits this image to the brain, producing the final sense of vision. (lifepositive.com)

The arterioles and venules of the retina are the only blood vessels whose wall can be directly examined in the living human without an incision. (medscape.com)

Optic nerve aplasia, a lack of optic nerve axons and retinal blood vessels, is very rare. (aao.org)
As a result, growing RGC axons must backtrack to the center before entering the optic nerve. (jneurosci.org)

In the eye's case, however, the film screen is your retina . (kidshealth.org)

AIM--To present a new non-invasive method of performing a high definition topography of perfused vessels of the retina and the optic nerve head with simultaneous evaluation of blood flow. (bmj.com)
High blood sugar can damage the nerves that control your body's internal processes. (healthgrades.com)
The pressure pushes on the retina, reducing the blood supply to the nerves of the retina causing them to die. (ferris.edu)
The central retinal vein is the main vein that drains blood away from the retina. (merckmanuals.com)
Using an ophthalmoscope, doctors can see changes in blood vessels and the retina. (merckmanuals.com)
The dye makes the blood vessels of the retina show up better in the photograph. (merckmanuals.com)
Both the retina and the uvea contain blood vessels. (cancer.net)
Early stage (nonproliferative): Blood vessel walls in the retina weaken and bulge, forming tiny pouches (you won't be able to detect them, but your eye doctor can). (cdc.gov)
Advanced stage (proliferative): In this stage, the retina begins to grow new blood vessels. (cdc.gov)

The center of the optic disc is located 4.5 mm to 5 mm nasal to the anatomical center of the retina. (medscape.com)

There are two circulations to the retina, both supplied by the ophthalmic artery, the first branch of the internal carotid artery on each side. (medscape.com)

First, the background so- nerve fibres [1]. (who.int)

This can be used in locations with limited diagnostic resources to detect conditions such as glaucomatous optic neuropathy. (nih.gov)

The neuroretina is tightly attached to the underlying retinal pigment only at the margins of the optic nerve and at the ora serrata. (medscape.com)
There is a potential space between the neurosensory retina and the retinal pigment epithelium. (medscape.com)

As the optic nerve deteriorates, blind spots and vision changes develop. (ferris.edu)

Diamox, Lasix, corticosteroids), and disc swelling with visual field loss progresses, direct fenestration of the optic nerve sheaths via medial or lateral orbitotomy has been shown to be an effective and relatively simple procedure for relief of papilledema. (aetna.com)
Figure 26-9 Melanocytoma of the optic disc and adjacent retina. (aao.org)
Comparison of optic nerve images from commercial retinal screening cameras with the smartphone adapter demonstrates strong evidence for no difference in performance in glaucomatous disc grading (p=0.98, paired student t test, n=300). (nih.gov)
Because children with Down's syndrome have slightly poorer vision than typical children, we expected to find that the optic disc is smaller in Down's syndrome. (cardiff.ac.uk)
The optic nerve head or optic disc is oval in shape and measures approximately 1.75 mm. vertically and 1.5 mm horizontally. (medscape.com)
Note that the retinal vessels appeared to be emanating from the far right, from an area known as the optic disc. (cdc.gov)

Anatomy92

Organisms15

Diseases58

Chemicals and Drugs21

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment40

Psychiatry and Psychology4

Phenomena and Processes25

Disciplines and Occupations5

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Health Care1

Choroid10

Cornea10

Macular4

Glaucoma5

Lens9

Signals13

Ciliary2

Look at the retina1

Iris1

Area of the retina1

Surface of the retina1

Ischemic optic neur3

Back of the retina1

View of the retina2

Image onto the retina2

Correctly on the retina1

Macula1

Disorders2

Sends4

Photoreceptor1

Diabetic Retinopathy3

Diseases4

Coloboma1

Tissue10

Neurons4

Mouse retina1

Posterior4

Central retina2

Ocular1

Larger optic discs1

Ganglion1

Rete1

Fundus1

Ophthalmology2

Optical coherence1

Fibers1

Impulses2

Fluorescein angiography1

Peripheral1

Choroidal1

Visual field defects1

Layer8

Eyeball1

Abnormalities1

Detachment3

Drusen1

Sciatic1

Brain6

Arterioles1

Axons2

Eye's1

Blood9

Nasal1

Ophthalmic1

Fibres1

Neuropathy1

Pigment2

Blind spots1

Disc6