• SECM technique may be a valuable tool for accurately assessing the quality of embryos and thereby contribute to improving outcomes associated with assisted reproduction, including human in vitro fertilization. (bioone.org)
  • Usage of melatonin during in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures has been found to improve oocyte quality, survival, and fecundity. (jrhm.org)
  • Following germinal vesicle break down (GVBD) the oocyte is transcriptionally quiescent until fertilization and activation of the embryonic genome, occurring at the four-cell stage of development in the pig [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Oocytes are highly specialized cells that undergo the unique processes of meiosis and fertilization and execute a molecular program for development [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Hence, to date, an effective and simple proxy of oocyte quality parameters has not been established yet making difficult for an accurate assessment of the female gamete quality before fertilization. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the oocyte, mitochondria play a central role in cellular metabolism providing energy for successful cytoplasm and nucleus maturation, fertilization, embryo development, calcium homeostasis, and apoptosis initiation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A small number of primordial oocytes start to grow, while others remain quiescent. (go.jp)
  • In this review, we summarize the results regarding the activation of primordial oocytes in neonatal and adult ovaries of different species and propose a model in which ovaries of neonatal mammals contain a mixed population of both quiescent and activated primordial oocytes, while almost all primordial oocytes are quiescent in adult females. (go.jp)
  • These quiescent primordial oocytes are activated, perhaps by certain mechanisms involving the interaction between stimulatory and inhibitory factors, to enter the growth phase. (go.jp)
  • These microinsemination techniques can be combined with cryopreservation of sperm and spermatid cells, leading to successful transmission of transgenes carried in male gametes. (go.jp)
  • Further, melatonin and its receptors play a significant role in antioxidant defense mechanism of ovary for follicular growth and maturation. (jrhm.org)
  • In normally ovulating women, the LH surge only occurs when the oocyte is mature and ready for extrusion. (wikipedia.org)
  • Germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) occurs during oocyte meiotic maturation, a period when transcriptional processes are virtually inactive. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The oocyte must maintain arrest at the diplotene stage until meiotic resumption occurs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To characterize the effect of artificially increasing MIR21 on oocyte competence without inhibiting GVBD, a MIR21 mimic, scrambled microRNA negative control, or nuclease free water was micro-injected into denuded oocytes at 21 h of IVM. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Currently, its estimation is predominantly based on morphological analysis, which is subjective and does not consistently reflect the developmental competence of the oocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • however, it is not per se sufficient to assure oocyte developmental competence [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • When the inability of male transgenic rats to transmit the transgene is not associated with mosaicism, microinsemination techniques such as intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and round spermatid injection (ROSI) can be used for passage of the transgenes. (go.jp)
  • Oocytes were collected from aspirated porcine tertiary follicles. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mammalian ovaries are endowed with a huge number of small oocytes (primordial oocytes) in primordial follicles. (go.jp)
  • Therefore, in future, melatonin can be implicated as preferable therapeutic especially in IVF and assisted reproductive techniques. (jrhm.org)
  • The dormancy of primordial oocytes may be required to reserve the non-growing oocyte pool for the long reproductive life in mammals. (go.jp)
  • Several physiological parameters, such as viability, mitochondrial activity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels have been also reported as useful markers of oocyte quality in marine invertebrates. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Despite several recent studies investigating molecular markers related to oocyte quality, methods currently available for their determination pose various technical challenges and limitations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Many investigations have been designed to gain new insights into the mechanisms underlying oocyte quality based on a differential analysis applied to molecular, biochemical, transcriptomic, or proteomic data. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our ICSI procedure includes the use of a piezo-driven small-sized injection pipette (2-4 μm in diameter), isolated sperm heads, and freshly ovulated oocytes. (go.jp)
  • Thus, the maturing oocyte is reliant on processes such as post-transcriptional gene regulation (PTGR) to regulate the mRNA and protein repertoire. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Oocyte quality has been defined as the ability of oocytes to be fertilized and produce viable progeny. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Nevertheless, the complexity of the techniques applied to assess gene expression and protein profile is a major bottleneck for the use of molecular markers in the oocyte quality assessment [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Relative abundance of mature MIR21 was quantified at 0, 8, 16, 24, 32, and 42 h of in vitro (IVM) with or without treatment with 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The inability to transcribe mRNA during this stage of development and the probable necessity for post-transcriptional gene regulation (PTGR) suggests an important role for non-coding RNA in the maturing oocyte. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Oocyte arrest at the diplotene stage is maintained in part through the activity of phosphodiesterase enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) into AMP [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Additionally, the rate of GnSAF biosynthesis by the granulosa cells of the remaining dominant follicle decreases as the follicle approaches maturation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Maturation of the mammalian oocyte is a complex process involving internal checkpoints and bidirectional communication with the surrounding cumulus cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Little is known about the mechanism regulating the activation of primordial oocytes. (go.jp)
  • Of particular interest is understanding the role of non-coding RNA in regulating meiotic checkpoints in the oocyte, particularly that of microRNA-21 (MIR21). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although the growth of in vitro preantral follicles can result in fertilizable oocytes and successful childbirth 9 , the technique of In Vitro Maturation (IVM) needs to be further enhanced because GV oocytes have a reasonable ability to mature and reach the Metaphase II (MII) stage. (ajmb.org)
  • However, to recapitulate mammalian oogenesis and produce fertilizable oocytes in vitro is a complex process involving several different cell types, precise follicular cell-oocyte reciprocal interactions, a variety of nutrients and combinations of cytokines, and precise growth factors and hormones depending on the developmental stage. (edu.au)
  • Oocyte maturation involves resumption of meiosis, progression of the meiotic spindle to metaphase II and cytoplasmic changes that prepare the oocyte for fertilization and subsequent embryo development. (medscape.com)
  • Conclusion: ESCM is an effective medium for preantral follicle growth, oocyte maturation, and subsequent embryo development. (ajmb.org)
  • Methods: Germinal Vesicle (GV) stage oocytes were observed in 120 NMRI mice, aged 4-6 weeks. (ajmb.org)
  • In vitro culture and maturation of Germinal Vesicle (GV) oocytes is an efficient method to generate mature oocytes. (ajmb.org)
  • Early oocytes are also classified as immature (germinal vesicle (GV) or metaphase I (MI) stage). (edu.au)
  • The breakdown of the germinal vesicle indicates a resumption of meiosis and the extrusion of the first polar body (1 PB) indicates completion of the first meiotic division in human oocytes. (edu.au)
  • Oocyte recovery for in vitro applications can be achieved by isolating granulosa-oocyte-complexes from later antral follicles however, the majority of oocytes (≥ 90%) are encapsulated in the earliest, dormant PrFs 5 . (nature.com)
  • Complete in vitro oogenesis: retrospects and prospects [3] "In reality the vast majority of oocytes formed from primordial germ cells (PGCs) will undergo apoptosis, or other forms of cell death. (edu.au)
  • Artificial reproductive technology (ART) such as, germ cell cryopreservation and in vitro embryo production can potentially contribute to species conservation when populations decline to a critically small size 1 . (nature.com)
  • Embryo production from oocytes derived from advanced preantral follicles developed by IVG has been achieved in porcine, buffalo, ovine, and goat but inconsistently so 11 . (nature.com)
  • Therefore, these oocytes are a great source for folliculogenesis based studies and embryo production. (ajmb.org)
  • Additionally, the rate of GnSAF biosynthesis by the granulosa cells of the remaining dominant follicle decreases as the follicle approaches maturation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Success is dependent on optimal in vitro conditions complemented with an understanding of oocyte and ovarian follicle development in vivo. (nature.com)
  • The activation, growth, and development of an ovarian follicle, a process termed ovarian folliculogenesis, is finely regulated by cell-to-cell interactions and coordinated gene expression in the oocyte and surrounding granulosa cells (GCs) 4 . (nature.com)
  • The oocyte (eggs, ova, ovum) is arrested at an early stage of the first {{meiosis))(first meiotic) division as a primary oocyte (primordial follicle) within the ovary . (edu.au)
  • In an adult human female, the development of a primordial follicle containing an oocyte to a preovulatory follicle takes in excess of 120 days. (edu.au)
  • The released oocyte is surrounded by a thick specialised extracellular matrix, the zona pellucida , that in turn is covered in layers of cells, the granulosa layer . (edu.au)
  • Background: This study aimed to investigate the maturation and fertilization rates of immature mouse oocytes using Embryonic Stem Cell Conditioned Medium (ESCM). (ajmb.org)
  • Background: Thousands of healthy babies are born from in vitro maturation (IVM) procedures, but the rate of efficiency differs with the source of immature oocytes obtained. (bvsalud.org)
  • Methods: Based on the literature, the clinical application for IVM of immature oocytes was summarized. (bvsalud.org)
  • Successful pregnancy rates with IVM technology seem to be correlated with the number of immature oocytes obtained. (bvsalud.org)
  • With the source and culture course of immature oocytes, there are various IVM protocols. (bvsalud.org)
  • IVM of immature oocytes is profoundly affected by the culture conditions, but no breakthrough has been made by improving the IVM medium itself. (bvsalud.org)
  • Mild stimulation IVF combined with IVM of immature oocytes is a viable alternative to the conventional stimulation IVF cycle treatment as it may prove to be an optimal first-line treatment approach. (bvsalud.org)
  • Principle Investigator on a Wellcome Trust funded project grant entitled Mechanisms which regulate sperm-triggered calcium oscillations and the metaphase-anaphase transition of meiosis I in ascidian oocytes. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Homer HA, McDougall A, Levasseur M, Murdoch AP, Herbert M. Mad2 is required for inhibiting securin and cyclin B degradation following spindle depolymerisation in meiosis I mouse oocytes . (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Homer HA, McDougall A, Levasseur M, Yallop K, Murdoch AP, Herbert M. Mad2 prevents aneuploidy and premature proteolysis of cyclin B and securin during meiosis I in mouse oocytes . (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Homer HA, McDougall A, Levasseur M, Murdoch AP, Herbert M. RNA interference in meiosis I human oocytes: Towards an understanding of human aneuploidy . (ncl.ac.uk)
  • meiosis in Gsα-deficient oocytes precociously resumed in only 43% of antral follicles from mutant mice, indicating that alteration of meiotic pause was not the key factor in infertility. (edu.au)
  • GV oocytes with or without cumulus cells were subjected to IVM in either ESCM, Embryonic Stem Cell Growth Medium (ESGM), or α-minimum essential medium (α-MEM). (ajmb.org)
  • In vitro growth (IVG) of dormant primordial ovarian follicles aims to produce mature competent oocytes for assisted reproduction. (nature.com)
  • After recording the Metaphase II (MII) oocyte maturation rate, the oocytes were fertilized in vitro . (ajmb.org)
  • The complexity of interactions in the reproductive system is high, but in vitro and in vivo studies can be useful for identifying disruptions in the reproductive pathway. (medscape.com)
  • One of the main challenges for growth and development of in vitro follicles is the preparation of an appropriate medium that creates in vitro conditions which mostly mimic the complex in vivo environment 15-17 . (ajmb.org)
  • In the reproductive system, despite Gsα being associated with oocyte meiotic arrest in vitro, the exact role of Gsα in female fertility in vivo remains largely unknown. (edu.au)
  • A total of 1,410 sequences were confirmed to be related to reproduction and key genes involved in sex differentiation and maturation were identified for the first time in turbot ( AR , AMH , SRY -related genes, CYP19A , ZPG s, STAR FSHR, etc. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This technique, as an adjuvant treatment for infertility, is of paramount importance for assisted reproductive technology 1,2 . (ajmb.org)
  • reported in vitro procedures that appear to reproduce efficiently these conditions allowing for the production, completely in a dish, of a relatively large number of oocytes that are fertilizable and capable of giving rise to viable offspring in the mouse. (edu.au)
  • Levasseur M, Dumollard R, Chambon J, Hebras C, Sinclair M, Whitaker M, McDougall A. Release from meiotic arrest in ascidian eggs requires the activity of two phosphatases but not CaMKII . (ncl.ac.uk)
  • GV oocytes from mutant mice showed early-stage apoptosis. (edu.au)
  • For the evaluation of hair loss, several diagnostic techniques are available, covering noninvasive, semi-invasive, and invasive methods, as briefly described in the following: both the hair pluck and hair pull tests have been employed in the assessment of caffeine and caffeine-containing shampoos. (researchgate.net)
  • MATERIALS/METHODS: In the in vitro study, C2C12 cells were pretreated with TA before stimulation with H2O2. (bvsalud.org)
  • Oocyte-specific deletion of Gsα induces oxidative stress and deteriorates oocyte quality in mice [1] "The stimulatory heterotrimeric Gs protein alpha subunit (Gsα) is a ubiquitous guanine nucleotide-binding protein that regulates the intracellular cAMP signaling pathway and consequently participates in a wide range of biological events. (edu.au)
  • Here, we generated oocyte-specific Gsα knockout mice by using the Cre/LoxP system. (edu.au)
  • Oocyte stage-specific effects of MTOR determine granulosa cell fate and oocyte quality in mice [2] "MTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) is a widely recognized integrator of signals and pathways key for cellular metabolism, proliferation, and differentiation. (edu.au)
  • Studies involved in optimising these techniques could potentially be applied to human oncofertility and fertility preservation in the future also 3 . (nature.com)
  • Conclusion: IVM technology is a useful technique for infertile women and fertility preservation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Both of these collaborations enable me to test in mouse oocytes observations I have made in the ascidian. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • GV oocytes are the main units of ovaries which produce a suitable environment for the growth and maturation of oocytes. (ajmb.org)
  • A way to solve this limitation could be to produce large numbers of oocytes, in vitro, from stem cells. (edu.au)
  • Current available techniques for high-throughput sequencing have been implemented in a number of species, including fish, to obtain a proper description of the transcriptome. (biomedcentral.com)