Responses to hypoxia. Medical search. Frequent questions

We present a set of genetic and image analysis tools that enable new approaches to map hypoxic microenvironments, to probe effects of perturbations on hypoxic signalling, and to identify new regulators of the hypoxia response. (unifr.ch)

A critical role in these processes was confirmed when reduction in NDRG3 abolished the hypoxia-induced expression of pro-angiogenic factors, increased cellular apoptosis under prolonged hypoxia and decreased tumour cell growth. (bhdsyndrome.org)

One of the few studies that evaluated the effects of hypoxia on the RPE showed that individuals who presented a higher number of symptoms of acute mountain sickness also reported higher levels of perceived exertion [ 20 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Instead, we found that ADAM17 induction by severe hypoxia can be mimicked by ER stressors such as Thapsigargin and occurs as a consequence of the activation of the PERK/eIF2α/ATF4 and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) arms of UPR in several tumor cell lines. (ox.ac.uk)
We addressed how treatments and hypoxia affect tumor-associated astrocytes in ways that consequently alter glioma cell properties, and how hypoxia and pseudo-hypoxia are involved in stemness maintenance in glioblastoma. (lu.se)
Functional imaging of hypoxia in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) could allow early assessment of tumor response and guide subsequent therapies. (precisionimaging.center)
Two main features common to all solid tumors are tissue hypoxia and inflammation, both of which cause tumor progression, metastasis, therapy resistance and increased mortality. (ethz.ch)

In papers III and IV, we investigated the role of hypoxia and pseudo-hypoxia in the maintenance of aggressive glioma phenotypes. (lu.se)
Our study suggests a crucial role of hypoxia-induced developmental responses in shaping vector tolerance to the pathogen and provides clues for potential molecular targets to control pathogen dissemination. (elifesciences.org)
In this study, we have shown that hypoxia treatment enhances normal peritoneal fibroblast elimination by lymphokine-activated killer cells to the level of adhesion tissue fibroblasts, suggesting a pivotal role of hypoxia in the adhesion development. (elsevierpure.com)

In this study, the transcriptional profiles and proliferation and differentiation potential of UCB CD133(+) cells and BM mesenchymal cells (BMMC) exposed to normoxia and hypoxia were analyzed and compared. (ox.ac.uk)

This study demonstrated seasonally specific long-term trends in Chesapeake Bay hypoxia that indicated a significant relationship between nutrient load reductions and decreases in late summer hypoxia volume. (noaa.gov)
Climatic factors were found to drive early summer hypoxia patterns, which exhibited an increase over time. (noaa.gov)
An analysis of 60 years of monitoring data revealed seasonal differences in Chesapeake Bay hypoxia trends and driving forces indicating that nutrient controls have led to reduced hypoxia in late summer but large-scale climatic forces are promoting early summer hypoxia formation. (noaa.gov)
Unprecedented summer hypoxia in southern Cape Cod Bay: an ecological response to regional climate change? (copernicus.org)

Here, we exposed oysters to acidification and hypoxia to examine their physiological responses (molecular defense and immune response), changes in community structure of their associated microbial community, and changes in water nutrient concentrations to evaluate how acidification and hypoxia will alter the oyster holobiont's ecological role. (frontiersin.org)
Title : Impact of Low Filter Resistances on Subjective and Physiological Responses to Filtering Facepiece Respirators Personal Author(s) : Roberge, Raymond J.;Kim, Jung-Hyun;Powell, Jeffrey B.;Shaffer, Ronald E.;Ylitalo, Caroline M.;Sebastian, John M. (cdc.gov)

This study investigated whether the hypoxic ventilatory response of sparrows was altered between resident (house sparrow) and migratory species (song sparrow and Lincoln's sparrow) or seasonally (during long daylight versus short daylight length) within a species. (mendeley.com)
Nitric oxide and ventilatory response to hypoxia. (uchicago.edu)
Positron emission tomography (PET) employing 18F]-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) was performed, and the normobaric hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) was assessed in 11 mountaineers before (pre) and after (post) climbing Mount Shisha Pangma (8048 m). (who.int)

Hypoxic regulation of lactate dehydrogenase A. Interaction between hypoxia-inducible factor 1 and cAMP response elements. (ox.ac.uk)
Hypoxia regulation ensures cell survival and growth in low oxygen environments. (bhdsyndrome.org)
As hypoxia is a hallmark of cancer that can lead to severe stress conditions accumulating in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR), we investigated the role of these stress conditions in the regulation of ADAM17 and release of TNFR1.We found that severe hypoxia induced ADAM17 expression and activity. (ox.ac.uk)
Montesi, Monica (2014) In vitro study of the osteocytes response to hypoxia and their regulation of bone homeostasis , [Dissertation thesis], Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna. (unibo.it)
GFP-ODD responds to changing oxygen levels and to genetic manipulations of the hypoxia pathway, reflecting oxygen-dependent regulation of HIF-1 at the single-cell level. (unifr.ch)
Here, we report that A. fumigatus SREBP, SrbA, mediates regulation of iron acquisition in response to hypoxia and low iron conditions. (nau.edu)

Robust ventilatory responses to hypoxia were observed in all species, although song sparrows and Lincoln's sparrows exhibited greater increases in ventilation in severe hypoxia compared to house sparrows. (mendeley.com)
Although all sparrows had similar hypoxic ventilatory responses in moderate hypoxia, our findings suggest that migratory sparrows breathe more effectively in severe hypoxia compared to house sparrows, which would be important for maintaining oxygen uptake during migratory flights. (mendeley.com)
The unfolded protein response controls induction and activation of ADAM17/TACE by severe hypoxia and ER stress. (ox.ac.uk)
Although hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) was important to maintain basal ADAM17 mRNA levels during moderate hypoxia, it was not sufficient to induce ADAM17 levels under severe hypoxia. (ox.ac.uk)
Additionally, severe hypoxia and ER stress activated ADAM17 and ectodomain shedding of TNFR1 involving mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases and reactive oxygen species (ROS). (ox.ac.uk)
Collectively, these results show that ADAM17 is a novel UPR-regulated gene in response to severe hypoxia and ER stress, which is actively involved in the release of TNFR1 under these conditions. (ox.ac.uk)
In papers I and II, we investigated the response of astrocytes to extrinsic factors of the microenvironment, namely radiation and temozolomide treatment, and to intrinsic factors of the microenvironment, namely intermediate and severe hypoxia. (lu.se)
Skeletal unloading leads to severe hypoxia (1%O2) in the bone microenvironment resulting in imbalanced bone remodelling that favours bone resorption. (unibo.it)
As a result, brain hypoxia can rapidly cause severe brain damage or death. (medlineplus.gov)

When their transcriptional profiles were compared, 183 genes in UCB CD133(+) cells and 45 genes in BMMC were differentially regulated by hypoxia. (ox.ac.uk)
The project will identify key genes, pathways, and biological processes that are differentially regulated in response to hypoxia. (lu.se)

Mild, non-damaging intermittent hypoxia is used intentionally during altitude training to develop an athletic performance adaptation at both the systemic and cellular level. (wikipedia.org)
In the intervention group, practicing the learned techniques resulted in intermittent respiratory alkalosis and hypoxia resulting in profoundly increased plasma epinephrine levels. (nih.gov)

Maintenance of oxygen and extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostases is crucial for normal development and physiology, and several pathologies are associated with hypoxia or ECM abnormalities. (oulu.fi)
Although hypoxia is often a pathological condition, variations in arterial oxygen concentrations can be part of the normal physiology, for example, during strenuous physical exercise. (wikipedia.org)

We focus on the central enzymes regulating these two fundamental biological processes: 1) the prolyl 4-hydroxylases (P4Hs) that control the hypoxia response pathway via determination of the oxygen-dependent fate of the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor HIF, and 2) the key enzymes of collagen synthesis, the collagen P4Hs, lysyl hydroxylases (LHs) and lysyl oxidase (LOX). (oulu.fi)
The most important of these, although not capable of driving hypoxic induction in isolation, had the consensus of a hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) site, and cross-competed for the binding of HIF-1 with functionally active Epo and phosphoglycerate kinase-1 sequences. (ox.ac.uk)
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibition with erlotinib reduces hypoxia in vivo. (precisionimaging.center)
It well known that ORP 150 plays an important role in the cellular adaptation to hypoxia, as anti-apoptotic factor, and seems to be involved in osteocytes differentiations. (unibo.it)
To date, mechanistic studies of this process in mammals have focused on the oxygen-sensitive stability of a transcription factor called hypoxia-inducible factor. (ox.ac.uk)
Responses to reduced oxygen levels (hypoxia) rely on the conserved hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1). (unifr.ch)
Both progenitor cell populations responded to hypoxic stimuli by stabilizing the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha protein. (ox.ac.uk)
Notably, RhoB was specifically required for hypoxia-induced factor-1α stabilization and for hypoxia- and platelet-derived growth factor-induced cell proliferation and migration. (brighton.ac.uk)

NDRG3 increased phosphorylation of c-Raf and B-RAF suggesting a role in activation of the Raf-ERK signalling pathway - associated with promoting cell growth and increased expression of angiogenic markers in hypoxia and tumours ( Roberts & Der, 2007 ). (bhdsyndrome.org)
Moreover, we showed that p75 NTR signaling is involved in the activation of the hypoxic signaling pathway and is also regulating glioma cell stemness and migration in hypoxia. (lu.se)

Preterm Fetal Hypoxia-Ischemia Causes Hypertonia and Motor Deficits in the Neonatal Rabbit: A Model for Human Cerebral Palsy? (jneurosci.org)
Prenatal hypoxia-ischemia to the developing brain has been strongly implicated in the subsequent development of the hypertonic motor deficits of cerebral palsy (CP) in premature and full-term infants who present with neonatal encephalopathy. (jneurosci.org)
Hypoxia-ischemia (H-I) is also associated with subsequent cerebral injury in a disproportionately high percentage of the survivors of premature birth ( Volpe, 2001 ). (jneurosci.org)
Most previous studies have employed models of cerebral hypoxia-ischemia in postnatal animals. (jneurosci.org)
Generalized hypoxia occurs in healthy people when they ascend to high altitude, where it causes altitude sickness leading to potentially fatal complications: high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) and high altitude cerebral edema (HACE). (wikipedia.org)
Cerebral hypoxia occurs when there is not enough oxygen getting to the brain. (medlineplus.gov)
Cerebral hypoxia affects the largest parts of the brain, called the cerebral hemispheres. (medlineplus.gov)
In cerebral hypoxia, sometimes only the oxygen supply is interrupted. (medlineplus.gov)
Cerebral hypoxia can usually be diagnosed based on the person's medical history and a physical exam. (medlineplus.gov)
Cerebral hypoxia is an emergency condition that needs to be treated right away. (medlineplus.gov)
Sometimes a person with cerebral hypoxia is cooled to slow down the activity of the brain cells and decrease their need for oxygen. (medlineplus.gov)
Complications of cerebral hypoxia include a prolonged vegetative state. (medlineplus.gov)
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of prolonged exposure to hypoxia on cerebral glucose metabolism, which probably precedes structural and functional impairment. (who.int)

NDRG3 protein levels increased in multiple cell types in response to hypoxia and were correlated with increased angiogenesis, anti-apoptotic, motility and proliferative (but not metabolic) gene expression. (bhdsyndrome.org)

All species became more sensitive to hypoxia during short days compared to long days by increasing breathing frequency and total ventilation, with reduced pulmonary oxygen extraction overall. (mendeley.com)
14 ] demonstrate that carbohydrate supplementation in hypoxia causes higher ventilation and oxygen saturation in healthy young males, this being a possible mechanism for the influence of carbohydrates on a lower RPE during physical exercise. (biomedcentral.com)
Generalised, or hypoxic hypoxia may be caused by: Hypoventilation - insufficient ventilation of the lungs due to any cause (fatigue, excessive work of breathing, barbiturate poisoning, pneumothorax, sleep apnea etc. (wikipedia.org)

We sought to determine whether FMISO positron emission tomography (FMISO-PET) could detect changes in hypoxia in vivo in response to EGFR-targeted therapy. (precisionimaging.center)
Hypoxia, in vivo, is a physiological condition for osteocytes, 5% O2 is more likely physiological for osteocytes than 20% O2, as osteocytes are embedded deep inside the mineralized bone matrix. (unibo.it)
Understanding the developmental and tissue-specific responses to changing oxygen levels has been limited by the lack of adequate tools for monitoring HIF-1 in vivo. (unifr.ch)
In conclusion, we demonstrate that voluntary activation of the sympathetic nervous system results in epinephrine release and subsequent suppression of the innate immune response in humans in vivo. (nih.gov)

Antenatal hypoxia-ischemia at preterm gestation results in hypertonia and abnormalities in motor control. (jneurosci.org)
These findings provide a unique behavioral model to define mechanisms and sequelae of perinatal brain injury from antenatal hypoxia-ischemia. (jneurosci.org)
In the present study, a new neurobehavioral battery of tests was used to characterize the motor performance of newborn pups after sustained hypoxia-ischemia to the preterm rabbit fetus at 67-70% gestation. (jneurosci.org)
It is a novel endoplasmic-reticulum-associated chaperone induced by hypoxia/ischemia. (unibo.it)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute vascular and oxygenation responses to repeated sprint exercise during arm cycling with either blood flow restriction (BFR) or systemic hypoxia alone or in combination. (sosshockwave.com)

To improve blood oxygenation, infants at risk of hypoxia may be placed inside incubators that provide warmth, humidity, and supplemental oxygen. (wikipedia.org)
Hypoxemia refers to a reduction in arterial oxygenation below the normal range, regardless of whether gas exchange is impaired in the lung, arterial oxygen content (CaO2 - which represents the amount of oxygen delivered to the tissues) is adequate, or tissue hypoxia exists. (wikipedia.org)

Here, therefore, we examined both phenotypic and genotypic responses to acute hypoxia in the three catfish groups. (auburn.edu)
This study is one of the few investigating acute hypoxia as it relates to genetic change and so there are few other results to compare to. (auburn.edu)
Acute activation of the sympathetic nervous system attenuates the innate immune response. (nih.gov)
RhoB deficiency in mice markedly attenuated development of chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension, despite compensatory expression of RhoA in the lung.CONCLUSIONS: RhoB mediates adaptational changes to acute hypoxia in the vasculature, but its continual activation by chronic hypoxia can accentuate vascular remodeling to promote development of pulmonary hypertension. (brighton.ac.uk)

Within the normal BM and in pathological conditions, areas of hypoxia may have a role in maintaining stem cell fate or determining the fine equilibrium between their proliferation and differentiation. (ox.ac.uk)

One possibility is that they reduce the amount of oxygen being supplied to the trachea - a phenomenon known as hypoxia - which occurs naturally at specific stages in the life of an insect, and during infections. (elifesciences.org)
Hypoxia also occurs in healthy individuals when breathing inappropriate mixtures of gases with a low oxygen content, e.g., while diving underwater, especially when using malfunctioning closed-circuit rebreather systems that control the amount of oxygen in the supplied air. (wikipedia.org)
Pulmonary hypoxia is hypoxia from hypoxemia due to abnormal pulmonary function, and occurs when the lungs receive adequately oxygenated gas which does not oxygenate the blood sufficiently. (wikipedia.org)

Hybrid and channel catfish also showed similar genotypic response for BPI genes with multiple significant down regulated time points for BPI genes in gill and liver tissue. (auburn.edu)
The oxygen-regulated control system responsible for the induction of erythropoietin (Epo) by hypoxia is present in most (if not all) cells and operates on other genes, including those involved in energy metabolism. (ox.ac.uk)
Surprisingly, however, the majority of primed genes were not enriched for H3K4me3 acutely following hypoxia exposure. (frontiersin.org)
These genes included known hypoxia-responsive targets such as BNIP3, PGK1, ENO2, and VEGFA, and other genes not previously described to be regulated by hypoxia. (ox.ac.uk)
Thus, we conclude that the fungal SREBP, SrbA, is critical for coordinating genes involved in iron acquisition and ergosterol biosynthesis under hypoxia and low iron conditions found at sites of human fungal infections. (nau.edu)

propose two phases in prolonged hypoxia that enable cells to cope: initially HIF-mediated changes to metabolism increase the production of biosynthetic building blocks and results in lactate build-up, then NDRG3-mediated signalling pathways provide cues for cellular growth and angiogenesis. (bhdsyndrome.org)
Such pathogens are under selection to improve vector competence for their transmission by employing various tissue or cellular responses of vectors. (elifesciences.org)
The aims of the present study are 1) to determine the cellular and molecular response of the osteocytes at two different conditions of oxygen deprivation, 1% and 5% of O2 compared to the atmospheric oxygen concentration at several time points. (unibo.it)
Daphnia is a versatile model system to investigate fundamental mechanisms of inheritance and development, cellular function, physiological systems, immunity response, disease, macromolecular structure/function relationships and the genetic basis of complex phenotypic traits. (biomedcentral.com)
Sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) are a class of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors that regulate diverse cellular responses in eukaryotes. (nau.edu)

Despite the fact that many coastal regions have made major commitments to reduce nutrient loading and reverse this trend of declining water quality and habitat conditions, most estuaries in the U.S. continue to experience hypoxia and deteriorating water quality. (noaa.gov)
Total ATP production (metabolic rate) was compared in specimens subjected to night time surface conditions (oxygenated) and day time conditions (hypoxia). (uri.edu)
Breathing responses were tested using a stepwise reduction in inspired O2 tension (PO2), 21, 16, 12, 9, 7, and 5 kPa during long- and short-day conditions. (mendeley.com)
Microbes also seemed to have lost some capacity in nutrient cycling under hypoxia and multi-stressor conditions (~50% less nitrification) but not acidification. (frontiersin.org)
Therefore, we suggest the oyster holobiont may lose some of its nutrient cycling properties under hypoxia and multi-stressor conditions although the oysters can regulate their physiological processes to maintain homeostasis on the short-term. (frontiersin.org)
SaO 2 % decreased after exercise in both conditions of hypoxia compared to rest. (biomedcentral.com)
Moreover, the importance of carbohydrates during exercise in moderate hypoxia environments is higher in hypoxia than normoxia conditions due to higher endogenous carbohydrate oxidation in this condition [ 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
RNAi knockdown of Muc91C reduced tracheal elasticity and aECM thickness under hypoxia conditions and thus decreasing PWN loading. (elifesciences.org)

However, the interplay between hypoxia and inflammation on the molecular level remains to be elucidated. (ethz.ch)

Both PWN loading and hypoxia enhanced tracheal elasticity and thickened the apical extracellular matrix (aECM) of the tracheal tubes while a notable upregulated expression of a resilin-like mucin protein Muc91C was observed at the aECM layer of PWN-loaded and hypoxic tracheal tubes. (elifesciences.org)
Further experiments revealed that hypoxia in the trachea increased the levels of a protein called Muc91C in the apical extracellular matrix. (elifesciences.org)
Hypoxia and oxidative stress increase 150-kDa oxygen-regulated protein (ORP 150) expression in different cell types. (unibo.it)

These outcomes reveal that in women, low- to moderate-intensity aerobic trekking induces CD69 T cell activation and promotes anti-stress effects on the high-altitude-induced impairment of the immune responses and the oxidative balance. (unich.it)

However, the population living in the United States is genetically mixed and has varied responses to the added stress of altitude-induced hypoxia. (medscape.com)
Thus, we propose to evaluate the effects of carbohydrate supplementation on RPE during exercise in hypoxia, simulating an altitude of 4200 m. (biomedcentral.com)

Activation of cAMP by forskolin had no effect on the level of LDH mRNA in normoxia, but produced a magnified response to hypoxia that was dependent upon the integrity of the CRE, indicating an interaction between inducible factors binding the HIF-1 and CRE sites. (ox.ac.uk)
These data suggest that SrbA is activated independently of SreA and HapX in response to iron limitation, but that HapX mRNA induction is partially dependent on SrbA. (nau.edu)

Hypoxia is a condition in which the body or a region of the body is deprived of adequate oxygen supply at the tissue level. (wikipedia.org)
Hypoxia differs from hypoxemia and anoxemia, in that hypoxia refers to a state in which oxygen present in a tissue or the whole body is insufficient, whereas hypoxemia and anoxemia refer specifically to states that have low or no oxygen in the blood. (wikipedia.org)
Hypoxia treatment of normal peritoneal fibroblasts results in alterations that are characteristic for fibroblasts obtained from postoperative peritoneal adhesion tissue. (elsevierpure.com)

Managed Nitrogen Load Decrease Reduces Chlorophyll and Hypoxia in Warming Temperate Urban Estuary D. Codiga et al. (copernicus.org)

This change probably reflects a variable adaptive response to the transition from a fetal circulation to an adult circulation. (medscape.com)

This happens in response to environmental stress such as extreme temperatures, desiccation, anoxia and food deprivation. (uri.edu)
Hypoxia in which there is complete absence of oxygen supply is referred to as anoxia. (wikipedia.org)

The data obtained in this study shows that hypoxia compromises the viability of osteocytes and induces apoptosis. (unibo.it)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Neuromuscular diseases or interstitial lung disease Malformed vascular system such as an anomalous coronary artery[citation needed] Hypoxemic hypoxia is a lack of oxygen caused by low oxygen tension in the arterial blood, due to the inability of the lungs to sufficiently oxygenate the blood. (wikipedia.org)

discovered an enzymatic oxygen sensor in humans that is functionally identical to plant cysteine oxidases, enzymes that control responses to hypoxia in plants. (ox.ac.uk)

Because differences in soil aeration are associated with these gradients, we tested the hypothesis that oak species will exhibit diverging resistances to rhizosphere hypoxia. (afs-journal.org)

dominant negative RhoB or manumycin, a farnesyltransferase inhibitor that targets the vascular function of RhoB, inhibited the effects of hypoxia. (brighton.ac.uk)
CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that an intermediate vascular density region exists where enhanced blood oxygen concentration may be beneficial for radiation response. (lu.se)

Here, we demonstrate that PWN loading activates hypoxia in tracheal system of the vector beetles. (elifesciences.org)
Using Pine Wood Nematode (PWN) infection of pine sawyer beetles the authors demonstrate that PWN loading activates hypoxia in the vector's tracheal system. (elifesciences.org)

has identified a second, HIF-independent, hypoxia response which can modify cell survival and growth signalling pathways - the lactate-induced activation of NDRG3 -mediated signalling. (bhdsyndrome.org)

Preterm fetuses (67-70% gestation) were subjected to sustained global hypoxia. (jneurosci.org)
Hypoxia is a common complication of preterm birth in newborn infants. (wikipedia.org)

However, whether pathogens can actively cause hypoxia in vectors and exploit hypoxia responses to promote their vector competence is still unknown. (elifesciences.org)

To visualise and analyse HIF-1 dynamics in Drosophila, we used a hypoxia biosensor consisting of GFP fused to the oxygen-dependent degradation domain (ODD) of the HIF-1 homologue Sima. (unifr.ch)

Herein, we evaluated the effects of a training program on the autonomic nervous system and innate immune response. (nih.gov)

Hypoxia attenuated the inflammatory response to LPS by inhibiting nuclear translocation of p65/RelA independently of HIF-1α, which was associated with enhanced IκBα levels and decreased IKKβ phosphorylation. (ethz.ch)
However, little is known about how hypoxia affects the ability of microglia, resident CNS macrophages, to respond to subsequent inflammatory challenges that are often present during neurodegenerative processes. (frontiersin.org)
We, therefore, tested the hypothesis that hypoxia would enhance or "prime" microglial pro-inflammatory gene expression in response to a later inflammatory challenge without programmatically increasing basal levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. (frontiersin.org)
To test this, we pre-exposed immortalized N9 and primary microglia to hypoxia (1% O 2 ) for 16 h and then challenged them with pro-inflammatory lipopolysaccharide (LPS) either immediately or 3-6 days following hypoxic exposure. (frontiersin.org)
These findings provide evidence that hypoxia pre-exposure could lead to persistent and aberrant inflammatory responses in the context of CNS disorders. (frontiersin.org)
suggesting a mechanism whereby Hx could have long-term effects on microglial inflammatory responses. (frontiersin.org)

Hypoxia can be due to external causes, when the breathing gas is hypoxic, or internal causes, such as reduced effectiveness of gas transfer in the lungs, reduced capacity of the blood to carry oxygen, compromised general or local perfusion, or inability of the affected tissues to extract oxygen from, or metabolically process, an adequate supply of oxygen from an adequately oxygenated blood supply. (wikipedia.org)
Hypoxia (Hx) is a component of multiple disorders, including stroke and sleep-disordered breathing, which often precede or are comorbid with neurodegenerative diseases. (frontiersin.org)

Four species which occupy different sites in floodplains, Quercus lyrata, Q laurifolia, Q phellos, and Q nigra, were used in two experiments designed to examine seedling responses during establishment and late in the first growing season. (afs-journal.org)
Evidence of oaks differing in resistance to rhizosphere hypoxia is presented, and results are discussed in relation to species distribution in floodplains. (afs-journal.org)

One adaptation for living in hypoxia is metabolic depression. (uri.edu)

Anatomy41

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